17/02/2016 BBC News at Ten

Tonight at ten, last ditch efforts by David Cameron to boost support

for his EU reforms, ahead of tomorrow's crucial

Despite the concerns of several EU states,

the man who'll host the summit has told the BBC failure to cut a deal

Are you confident you'll get a deal tomorrow?

Today the Prime Minister's been trying to shore up support

for his reforms, among influential members of his own party.

manufacturer, the aircraft maker Bombardier.

The two-year-old who lost her battle with meningitis B.

Now her mother is calling for all children, not just babies,

And Apple fight the FBI over access to the contents of the iPhone

We investigate the illegal skin lightening creams available

The man hosting tomorrow's crucial summit in Brussels

on David Cameron's renegotiation of the UK's relationship with the EU

has told the BBC there's "no choice" but to do a deal on reform.

The President of the European Council, Donald Tusk,

says there's still no guarantee of a deal,

but failure to reach a compromise would be a defeat both for the UK

and the European Union, and a victory, he says,

Germany's Chancellor, Angela Merkel, has given her support

to David Cameron, saying reform was "justified."

Today the Prime Minister has been trying to build support for a deal

both in Europe and within his own party.

Our Political Editor, Laura Kuenssberg, is in Brussels

This is still a very live negotiation, the Prime Minister has

just wrapped up a light night -- late-night phone: Donald Tusk and

one diplomat said there is a mood around tonight, if a deal is not

done now maybe it never will. It matters so much because it will

shape the argument that help us decide whether to stay in the EU or

not in a referendum widely expected at the end of June.

What happens here tomorrow could decide whether we stay

David Cameron hopes a deal can be done in Brussels that he can use

to persuade us to stay but there are nerves.

The man in charge of the talks told the BBC this is the vital moment.

Today the UK is still a member of the European Union

and I have a feeling that it will not change until tomorrow.

Are you confident you will get a deal tomorrow?

David Cameron will not fail for want of trying.

He has made his case all around the continent and no Prime Minister

has ever before tried to rewrite his country's

relationship with the European Union.

Today the most powerful politician on the continent,

Germany's leader, said his plans were in everyone's interest.

As other leaders prepare to come to Brussels,

there are jitters, irritation about David Cameron's plans to limit

benefits to EU migrants, concerns about the UK's demand

It is rare for one of these summits to start with everything

It is part of the poker game for countries to bluff,

to hide what's in their hands, but this time David Cameron has

staked so much on getting his way, both here in Brussels and at home.

Many Conservatives think his hoped-for deal is feeble.

Others are rather enjoying making people wait, and wait.

After a little chat at number ten, was Boris Johnson ready to say

A hint that the Prime Minister is some way off getting his support.

I've said before, there's no point in saying anything until we see

The rather anonymous Brussels backdrop is set for EU leaders

to grind out a deal that could change our relationship

with the Union for ever but what will matter

is what you make of it and the arguments that will follow.

Less than 48 hours to know if the deal will stand or fall.

Perhaps just four months until you decide.

Laura Kuenssberg, BBC News, Brussels.

So just how far away is David Cameron from an agreement

On the eve of the crucial summit, there are still several EU states

with deep concerns about elements of the reform package.

Our Europe Editor, Katya Adler, has been taking a look at some

of the challenges the Prime Minister still faces.

This is the inner chamber where the leaders of all 28 EU countries will

sit during the summit, David Cameron will be here, arguing the case for

his reforms dismissed by critics at home as too weak but for a number in

this room they go too far. The Prime Minister is on better terms now with

his EU peers than ever before after weeks and months of diplomacy. But

will it be enough? It is a bit of a gamble, all of it. David Cameron

called a referendum on EU membership without being sure how the people of

Britain would decide. Before that he missed a dramatically changed UK

relationship with the European Union without asking the EU first. He

clearly is willing to roll the dice so how will the summit play out for

him? In his corner are northern European countries like the

Netherlands and Denmark. Also the Baltic states, Lithuania, Latvia and

Estonia. The art tricky opponent as well, Hungary and Poland, other

countries of central and eastern Europe are likely to wrangle over

the details of cutting migrant benefits and child welfare while

France is bearing its teeth at proposed UK to safeguard at Eurozone

legislation. And there are unknowns as well, Greece, Italy, countries

that could hold the British deal to ransom in an attempt to get

something they want like financial and logistical support over refugees

and others coming by boat from Turkey. And what about the

all-important Germany? David Cameron is hoping that Chancellor Merkel

will play the role of mediator, ushering those other leaders towards

a unanimous yes for his reforms. But she will only stick out her neck so

far for David Cameron because she is in trouble at home and need the

goodwill of other countries to help her housing all of those asylum

seekers coming into Europe. When discussing the UK deal commits EU

leaders decisions will reflect the concerns of their own voters back

home. This is a continent beset by crises although the reforms take

centre stage at this summit. This British business is really a

sideshow. We have one or two really big problems here, refugees, the

Eurozone crisis, these big problems here, refugees, the

issues. David Cameron, like other EU leaders, wants to move on from his

reforms debate but he seems to have overlooked this colossus, the

European Parliament. It will vote on a summit deal and could change it

and that would be hugely problematic for the Prime Minister so is it

likely? If we have such an agreement, a good agreement in the

council, usually most of the big parties in the European Parliament

will respect that and vote for it. Usually but not definitely? It

depends what comes out. The debate is likely to be stormy and the

outcome far from guaranteed. All the leaders say they want Britain to

stay with a seat at this table and David Cameron says he would love

that if he gets the changes he wants but if not, he has hinted that all

bets are off. We are reaching the point where many

in the UK need to start focusing on the issue with the referendum

potentially a few months away. Absolutely. The Appomattox here will

host a lot of fraud negotiations in the next 48 hours -- diplomatic 's.

But we are rapidly moving to the stage where the choice will be ours.

If the deal is done this week we will all be voting in a referendum

at the individual and the deal would be the basis, the launch pad of the

Prime Minister's campaign but it's not straightforward and he is still

having a hard time getting some of his undecided ministers on board.

Look at Boris Johnson when he left Downing Street, he did not look like

somebody who was enthusiastic about what was put on the table and

whether or not you are enthusiastic about this yet, we are rapidly

moving towards what will be the biggest choice, the biggest

political choice that Britain has made as a country for many years.

Many thanks. Well, tomorrow's summit won't just

be focusing on proposed The ongoing migration crisis

will also be discussed. Last year more than a million

migrants and refugees entered Europe, raising the question of how

best to deal with the resettlement Today Greece began registering

new arrivals at special reception centres on some of its islands,

in line with EU demands. But many in the country are unhappy

at what they see as the negative impact of the crisis

on local communities This morning, in high spirits,

a boat full of migrants arrived Europe has accused Greece

of waving its arrivals onto the rest of the continent

without checking them. It has given the country three

months to do better. It has opened four screening

centres, called hotspots, Here officials will register

everyone who lands, they will aim to separate refugees escaping war

from economic migrants We are ready to receive

with all international procedural law of European Union,

of UNHCR, the refugees This weekend, locals in Kos rose up

and delayed the opening And in northern Greece we found

demonstrators campaigning Greece struggles to cope not just

with its migrants but here, These protesters don't want a local

transit camp for migrants to be They worry that a temporary camp

might become permanent. Waving migrants through angered

its neighbours in Europe. Checking those migrants on its own

soil now angers its own people. An explosion in the Turkish capital,

Ankara, has left at least 28 people as buses carrying military

personnel passed by. The blast happened in an area not

far from Parliament, and close to the country's

military headquarters. Turkey's Deputy Prime Minister

called it an "act of terrorism". New figures show unemployment

in the UK is continuing to fall, with a record number

of people in work. In the three months to the end

of last year, the number out of work dropped by 60,000 to 1.69 million,

a jobless rate of 5.1%. But growth in earnings

is still lagging, at just 2%. But while the national employment

picture looks buoyant, one of Northern Ireland's biggest

employers, the aircraft manufacturer Bombardier, is cutting more

than 1,000 jobs in Belfast over Across Britain, 270 workers

will leave the company's Our Ireland Correspondent,

Chris Buckler, is in Bombardier is one of the biggest

names in global aviation but it has been facing real problems. Recently,

to try to help them through difficulties, the State government

in Quebec in Canada where it is based gave them $1 billion but it

was not enough, they have to cut costs. 7000 people are to go from

its worldwide workforce and more than a thousand here in Northern

Ireland and that is very significant given the state of the economy here,

it amounts to one in five of their workforce here.

Workers left Bombardier's plants today with real concern

All were talking about the potential impact of these job losses

on their friends behind the gates and their families beyond them.

Everybody's depressed about it and stuff like that there.

I just gotta hope I'm still employed next year.

Just terrible for everybody concerned like, so it is, like.

Like, everybody knew it was going to happen,

like, but I don't think they thought the total would be as large

A lot of people are going to go home tonight and they're not

The Belfast factory where Bombardier produces parts for planes has a long

It was originally home to Short Brothers, the world's

ARCHIVE: A heart-warming sight for Northern Ireland,

a 100-tonne transport aircraft from Short Belfast,

The modern industry is very competitive and Bombardier has seen

an international drop in demand for its business jets.

It's also had real problems with the C Series, a new passenger

plane it's introducing to try to compete with Airbus and Boeing.

The spiralling costs of the new aircraft have left it

having to make cutbacks despite huge financial support from the state

government in Quebec, where Bombardier is based.

The whole global aerospace world is looking at how they can

optimise their cost base and that includes going to what we would call

lower cost countries and if we want to compete,

being in a global marketplace, then we need to take advantage

Bombardier insists it still sees a bright future at its plants here,

but that continued concern about costs will be

We understand that they've had to take this step in terms of global

restructuring, 7,000 jobs right across the world,

but we also understand that it's a very, very worrying time

To the growing relationship between Air Canada and Bombardier...

Today, in Montreal, the company was trying to concentrate

Air Canada has made an order for 75 of the new C Series planes.

On this side of the Atlantic, where its wings are made,

However, Bombardier still needs to work to make sure the C Series

not only stands out, but that sales of the plane

There's been a huge public response to a photograph posted online

by a woman of her two-year-old daughter just before the toddler

Jenny Burdett, from Kent, says her daughter Faye was too

old to qualify for a vaccine on the NHS, given to children

Now, more than 300,000 people have signed a petition calling

for the meningitis B vaccine to be made available to all children.

This report from our health editor, Hugh Pym, contains some images

Faye Burdett, seen here as a happy, healthy two-year-old,

She had an 11-day battle for survival.

A photo shows little Faye in her final days,

Her parents have chosen to release it.

At the end, sepsis set in, a severe condition which develops

Last September, a meningitis B vaccination programme

for all newborn children in the UK was begun,

it was backdated to include those born from May.

Faye Burdett was too old, there's now a campaign to extend it

An online parliamentary petition, highlighted by Faye's family,

has now been backed by more than 300,000 people.

The whole situation is unfair, I think that's the only word I can

really use to sum up my feelings on it.

To say that one set of children can have this vaccination and another

You can't place a value on a life and I don't understand how you can

The total number of cases of meningitis B in the UK is more

than 1,800 a year, one in ten of those result in death and many

Babies under the age of one are most at risk.

It is possible to get the meningitis B vaccine privately,

though it's hard to find at the moment because stocks

The Department of Health said the UK was the first country in the world

to introduce a national meningitis B vaccination programme and that

expert advice had been taken on which children

A spokesperson said: "Our thoughts are with Faye's family

Today, Matt Dawson, the former rugby star and TV presenter,

posted pictures on Twitter of his son recovering

from meningitis after what he said were "two weeks of hell."

He's added his support to the petition.

Let's take a brief look at some of the day's other news.

Two people have died in separate incidents

One of two climbers rescued following an avalanche

in the Highlands this afternoon has died of his injuries.

Meanwhile, a hillwalker in Dumfriesshire has died

after spending a night in the open in the Southern Uplands.

A campaign group working to reduce the amount of sugar used in the food

industry says some hot flavoured drinks sold in high street coffee

shops contain shocking amounts of sugar.

Action on Sugar says in the worst cases, the equivalent of 20 or more

teaspoons were found in a single drink.

The major coffee chains say they're working to reduce the amount

Pope Francis has been meeting hundreds of prisoners at the end

He shook hands with and kissed inmates picked to greet

He spoke of the need to break the cycle of violence.

Post traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is a condition often

associated with soldiers who have experienced intense combat.

But there's growing awareness that children are also vulnerable

to PTSD, especially if they've witnessed domestic

Research suggests such children show similar changes in brain activity

as those of soldiers in war zones, but with therapy and good care

As part of BBC One's In the Mind Season, our special

correspondent, Fergal Keane, sent this report.

There are things seen in childhood we can spend a lifetime

This is the story of how British scientists and therapists

are pioneering change in the treatment of childhood trauma.

It's estimated that about 50% of mental health problems

I'm reporting this story because I've seen the effects

I've experienced it myself, not just in war, but as the child

society was a long way from accepting that children

could be traumatised in the home as soldiers were at war.

But now, in the 21st Century, a therapeutic revolution

Eight-year-old Samuel witnessed extreme domestic violence.

When he came to his new adoptive family, he was deeply traumatised.

One day he said he's going to burn the house down.

So he was generally quite aggressive.

He couldn't see why life was the way it was.

He wasn't really nice to be around, initially.

We just knew he needed a second chance.

That second chance came about because he had a new loving

home but, critically, also through therapy.

In war, children are often treated for PTSD using art and storytelling,

as well as one-on-one therapy, like these in Syria.

Such techniques have brought about real changes in Samuel.

Less talking about the things that he'd witnessed

In the science of trauma there have also been extraordinary advances.

Researchers are studying the brains of traumatised soldiers and then

comparing them with children who've witnessed disturbing events.

Here, for example, we see changes in brain structure.

They found that part of the frontal section of the brain,

which deals with emotion, thins in the same way as soldiers

Children who have been exposed to domestic violence

and maltreatment, we see that there is a thinner cortex

Can the damage that we see be reversed?

For many there's a long-term risk, but there is evidence of recovery

So although we see changes in the brain, we know the brain

is an incredibly plastic organ and is able to respond and adapt

leading to addiction, broken relationships, depression.

Psychotherapist Paul Barrett helps PTSD sufferers.

He was only diagnosed with the condition himself

What really happened to me was, I was walking up the road one day

and I started getting flashbacks from childhood.

I didn't really know what was happening.

I walked round with a constant feeling of fear, but never realised

According to one leading charity, 70% of children with mental health

problems haven't been treated at a young enough age.

Experts are calling for greater focus on and funding

Damaged children can grow up into damaged adults?

They very much do and of course a huge cost to society,

whether it's young offenders or children causing all sorts

That is costing society a great deal.

Of course, it's causing those children a huge amount of harm.

Samuel had the unluckiest of starts in life, but he's becoming

There's a great child locked up in that body,

There's more on BBC One's In the Mind season

That's at bbc.co.uk/inthemind, including details of where you can

You can follow us on social media at #inthemind.

The technology giant Apple is to fight a court order saying it

must help the FBI unlock the phone of one of the attackers who killed

14 people in a mass shooting in California last December.

A judge ruled the company must help investigators overcome the security

software on his iPhone, which they believe may

Our North America correspondent, James Cook, has the story.

It was the worst terrorist attack on American soil

Investigators are still trying to piece together how it happened.

Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik died in a shoot-out

with police and one of the few clues they left behind was an iPhone,

which the FBI have been unable to unlock.

The phone was found in a car just outside this house

Cracking it is crucial because the FBI seems to be

struggling to figure out whether the couple acted alone

or whether they plotted with others who could still pose a threat

Well, since 2014 you get ten attempts at putting in a PIN before

The FBI is demanding that Apple write new software

which would disable that feature and allow it to rapidly bombard

the device with PINs until the code is cracked.

A court has now instructed Apple to help, but the company says it

Its boss has repeatedly warned that building a back door to bypass

iPhone security would be dangerous, potentially exposing the personal

information of millions of people to hackers.

There have been people that suggest that we should have a back door,

but the reality is, if you put a back door in, that back

door's for everybody, for good guys and bad guys.

Some lawyers think forcing Apple to write computer

This is very likely unconstitutional, it's forcing Apple

We know, from Supreme Court precedent, that code is speech.

So they're basically forcing Apple to speak, which is contrary

It's also contrary to international human rights law.

It is kind of sending us down this slippery slope.

This is not just about the San Bernardino attacks,

Politicians and the police say stronger and stronger encryption

of personal devices is making it harder to fight crime

We are increasingly blind, for terrorism purposes

and for general law enforcement purposes, with the new devices

and the continuing effort to make them even more secure against even

court orders authorising law enforcement to have access.

In the digital era it seems striking a balance between liberty

This is an age old dilemma recast for our times.

James Cook, BBC News, San Bernardino in California.

Back now to our top story tonight, Britain's negotiations

Our Europe editor, Kayta Adler, is in Brussels.

Not long to go before the summit. Is there a sense it could be a moment

in the recent history of the EU and Britain's relationship with the rest

of the continent? Well, I can tell you, Clive, that in Brussels tonight

there is a sense of tension and occasion. The city is bristling with

politicians and civil servants and journalists with a far keener than

usual interest in the outcome of an EU Summit. The focus of course is on

the British am were and his reforms. Will he or won't he get them passed

is what everyone wants to know. He has been zooming around European

capitals trying his hard but charming sell on EU leaders. That is

because even though those reforms are derided at home in the rest of

Europe they are seen as quite something. This is because it's the

first time in EU history that a member of the club has stood up,

stamped his foot and threateneded to leave unless the House rules are

changed. Despite the other crises going on in the rest of Europe, mass

migration, jitters over Russia and Eurozone slumps, EU institutions and

countries have jumped to David Cameron to do what they feel they

can for him much as we heard, a deal is not quaranteed at this summit.

Technical sticking points remain. But the will is there. The talk of

the town tonight is how Europe is stronger together and that means

with Britain on board. You can expect similar arguments from the

Prime Minister, in support of staying in the EU, in the leadup to

the referendum if he gets his reform deal passed here. OK, Katya, thanks

for that. Katya Adler there in Brussels.

Newsnight is about to get underway over on BBC Two.

Tonight, we're excited about Europe, as we always are, more excited

But we'll also be looking at the new drugs for hepatitis C.

They work, you'll need medication when we tell you how much they cost.

Join me now on BBC Two, 11.00pm in Scotland.

That's it from us. There's continuing coverage of all the day's

top stories on the BBC News Channel, including a first look at tomorrow's

papers. Here, on BBC One, it's now time