04/03/2016 BBC News at Ten


04/03/2016

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The surgeons who think they could be close to finding

:00:00.:00:00.

This man was paralysed from the chest down.

:00:00.:00:13.

A cell transplant repaired his spinal cord, a technique surgeons

:00:14.:00:16.

This will be history, this will change history.

:00:17.:00:20.

If we succeed, we will find a cure for paralysis.

:00:21.:00:23.

We'll be looking at the long-term implications it could have

:00:24.:00:33.

for thousands people who are paralysed.

:00:34.:00:34.

Also tonight: Facebook is set to pay millions more in tax in the UK

:00:35.:00:38.

from next year after criticism and public pressure.

:00:39.:00:40.

A bomb disposal robot is sent in after a device explodes under

:00:41.:00:47.

Police in Los Angeles carry out tests on a knife apparently found

:00:48.:00:51.

How the 15th century Italian painter has influenced artists and designers

:00:52.:00:56.

And coming up in Sportsday on BBC News: Andy Murray got

:00:57.:01:04.

Great Britain's Davis Cup title defence off to a winning start

:01:05.:01:07.

against Japan's Tara Daniel but Dan Evans lost against

:01:08.:01:09.

Surgeons in Poland say they could be close to finding

:01:10.:01:35.

Two years ago, the team announced that this man -

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a former fireman who was completely paralysed from the chest down -

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could walk again after a cell transplant repaired his spinal cord.

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Now they're launching a worldwide search for two people whose spinal

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cords have been completely severed to see if they can reverse paralysis

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Our medical correspondent Fergus Walsh has this exclusive story.

:01:56.:02:02.

He is the paralysed man who walked again.

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This is Darek Fidyka in 2014, after his regenerative cell

:02:07.:02:10.

transplant, documented by the BBC's Panorama.

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Now, a bigger test, to ride this tricycle.

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Remember, this is a man who had been completely

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paralysed below his chest after being stabbed.

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Now, he is relearning how to control his legs,

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sending commands from his brain down to his muscles,

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and receiving sensations back, all flowing through his

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The effort is as much mental as physical.

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TRANSLATION: If I really think, I can feel each muscle,

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The brain is very important and I appreciate it

:02:51.:02:55.

plays a crucial role in cycling, or any other exercise I do.

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The big question now is whether Darek's extraordinary

:03:02.:03:04.

achievements can be repeated in other patients.

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Only a clinical trial can show whether or not the cell transplant

:03:09.:03:13.

does indeed represent a revolution in the treatment of paralysis,

:03:14.:03:17.

which would make it one of the greatest

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That's why his surgeon is launching a worldwide search,

:03:21.:03:27.

via a website, for two patients with highly unusual injuries.

:03:28.:03:32.

Their spinal-cord must be completely severed,

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Help them, and it will silence any doubters.

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We can prove once and forever that we can repair

:03:41.:03:44.

There would be no speculation if we succeed to reconstruct.

:03:45.:03:52.

This would be history, this will change history.

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If we succeed, we'll find a cure for paralysis.

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The patients will have one of their olfactory bulbs,

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at the base of the brain, shown in green, removed.

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It processes the sense of smell, and is the only part of the nervous

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In a second operation, cells from the

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bulb will be transplanted into the spinal-cord to provide

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a pathway for nerve fibres to grow back.

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The patients selected for the trial will

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undergo intensive physiotherapy, both before and especially

:04:27.:04:29.

In all, they will have to commit to spending three years

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living at this rehabilitation centre in Poland.

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The research will be independently assessed by this team

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They will use equipment like this magnetic stimulator

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to monitor the patients' neurological pathways

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As a proof of principle, I'm very excited, because

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this is a novel treatment that holds a great deal of promise.

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This would open up hope that an alternative

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But it is going to take some years to refine it.

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The treatment will cost ?250,000 per patient,

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and is being funded by a small British charity set up by a chef,

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David Nichols, whose son was paralysed in a swimming accident.

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If the trial is successful, it might mean patients

:05:37.:05:40.

For Darek, the return of muscle control and sensation has brought

:05:41.:05:48.

other improvements, like bladder control and sexual function,

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which he says are just as crucial to his growing sense of independence.

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Extraordinary to see that but how long before we know build it works?

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It's going to take about a year to search and select those two patients

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and then maybe a further two years before we know whether this

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treatment can reverse paralysis. If surgeons can do it in patients with

:06:19.:06:22.

a severed spinal cord, they will move on to help patients with a more

:06:23.:06:29.

common form of crush or compression injury. There are three million

:06:30.:06:33.

people in the world paralysed, this will help a small proportion of

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them, it's expensive, complex surgery and requires a huge

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commitment from the patients. Darek is now nearly four years

:06:41.:06:45.

post-transplant and is still undergoing hours of intensive

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physiotherapy every day. There are no easy gains here. But even a

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partial recovery like his will give people hope and that's why this is

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so important and promising. Thank you.

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Facebook is set to pay millions of pounds more in tax in the UK

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The company - which has global profits of more than a billion

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pounds every three months - faced heavy criticism

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after it was revealed that in 2014 - it only paid around ?4,000

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The move is likely to put more pressure on the way other

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multinationals like Google, Amazon and Starbucks pay their tax

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Here's our economics editor, Kamal Ahmed, who broke the story.

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They like to portray themselves as the cuddly social media site,

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but of course Facebook is a very serious and very profitable

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business, it makes money out of the millions of us who use it

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everyday because we are valuable customers of the major businesses

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that spend millions of pounds advertising on Facebook.

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Facebook, apparently, have chosen, off their own volition,

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to change their tax arrangements, and that shows it's possible for any

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And to have companies bleating it's not their fault,

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it's just the international tax laws, that really is not the case.

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They have the choice about how they set up their tax arrangements.

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Facebook is one of a number of controversial, often

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Google and Apple have also faced criticism for their tax affairs.

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At present, it routes most of its UK sales through Ireland where business

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taxes are lower and corporation tax there is 12.5% compared

:08:25.:08:27.

And for a global company that makes a significant difference.

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The company pays a very low amount of tax in the UK,

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That is less than many people pay in income tax.

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For a company that globally makes over ?1 billion of profit every

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three months that has caused controversy.

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From April, Facebook will abandon that structure and start accounting

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for sales activity in the UK, that is set to increase its tax bill

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With the first payment made to the Treasury in 2017.

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That could cheer up this man George Osborne, who has said

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he would like global multinationals to pay more tax.

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Whilst we offer some of the lowest business taxes in the world,

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we expect those taxes to be paid and not avoided.

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Political pressure was growing on Facebook and the tax

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There is also the small matter of its often young audience.

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They may have received criticism and they may have just internally

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reviewed it and decided given their position

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and their position with millennials and centennials,

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Given their purpose as a company, they may have thought this

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is something they should do and they should be congratulated

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for having made that course of correction.

:09:57.:09:58.

The tax authority HMRC is investigating its tax affairs.

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Put November 2017 in your diary, the date when Facebook

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will announce its first payment under the new structure.

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Will it be large enough to put this tax controversy to bed?

:10:15.:10:24.

A prison officer has been seriously injured in Belfast

:10:25.:10:26.

Police fear the attack could be the start of a campaign of violence,

:10:27.:10:31.

by dissident republicans, to mark the forthcoming centenary

:10:32.:10:33.

of the Easter Rising - the rebellion against British rule.

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Chris Buckler is in Belfast for us tonight.

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There's been widespread condemnation of today's attack, but tonight there

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is also deep concern about further attacks. The police are convinced

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the dissident republicans are going to try to overshadow commemorations

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for the centenary of the Easter Rising in the most sinister way

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possible, by attempting to murder soldiers, prison officers and police

:11:00.:11:01.

officers. And members of the security forces are on high alert

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tonight. I should warn you this report does contain some flash

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photography. If 1916 was a year of rebellion,

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dissident republicans want to make This morning, they planted a bomb

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that exploded under this van, seriously injuring the prison

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officer who was driving it. The police say it was an attempt

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to murder and they are fearful that this is just the start

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of a campaign to kill, to coincide with the centenary

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of Ireland's Easter Rising. When I say I'm deeply concerned,

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I mean I'm deeply concerned. I believe that there are people

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within dissident republican groupings who want to mark

:11:35.:11:38.

the centenary by killing police officers, prison

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officers or soldiers. The Easter Rising was an attempt

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in Ireland to break away from British rule and is being

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marked by official events And Irish republicans are amongst

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those concerned that dissidents will try to steal attention away

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from the commemorations There can be no justification

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for anybody going out with a gun or a bomb against the backdrop

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of the massive transformation that has taken place in our society

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over the last 20 years. It is just over three years

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since another prison officer, David Black, was shot dead

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as he drove to work, by a group calling

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itself the New IRA. And there is an ongoing dispute

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between the prison authorities and dissident republican

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prisoners at Maghaberry, Northern Ireland's

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high security prison. We've lost 30 officers in the past

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through these attacks. It did not change anything

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within the prisons and this is not going to change anything,

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attacking prison officers. The police say they have already

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started to increase security ahead of Easter, a necessary precaution

:12:46.:12:49.

against this rising threat. A heavily pregnant woman has been

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stabbed in the West Midlands. The victim, who's 40,

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was airlifted to hospital this afternoon from Sutton

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Coldfield town centre. Tonight, police say her baby has

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been delivered safely but the woman A number of passers-by

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who tried to intervene, Our Correspondent,

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Kathryn Stanchesin reports. A brutal attack in broad daylight.

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In a side street in Sutton Coldfield town centre, heavily pregnant woman

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was repeatedly stabbed, just yards from a busy shopping centre. As

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these eyewitness pictures show, emergency services were quickly on

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the scene. Speaking exclusively to the BBC, this man gave first aid to

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the victim. I saw the guy on the floor being restrained by the

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police. I tried to get involved and then moved towards the woman and

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tried to treat the woman as best I could. I saw lots of blood. It was a

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difficult thing to see. West Midlands Police says members of the

:14:09.:14:13.

public intervened, a brave act in a dangerous situation, leaving two men

:14:14.:14:19.

with minor injuries. Thanks to those individuals who got involved,

:14:20.:14:23.

members of the public who dived into a volatile situation with complete

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disregard for their safety. Their actions should be commended. If

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41-year-old man is being held on suspicion of attempted murder. The

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area remains cordoned off while investigations continue. Officers

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are keen to reassure the public they are not looking for anyone else in

:14:41.:14:44.

connection with the stabbing. The woman remains in a critical

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condition after giving birth. The baby is reported to be doing well.

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Some of the day's other news stories.

:14:53.:14:54.

Two men from Syria have been jailed for four years in Turkey

:14:55.:14:56.

in connection with the death of the three-year-old Syrian boy

:14:57.:14:59.

who drowned while trying to reach Greece with his family.

:15:00.:15:01.

Aylan Kurdi, see here on the left, drowned last September and his body

:15:02.:15:04.

It focussed the world's attention on the risks facing migrants trying

:15:05.:15:08.

Hundreds of Syrians in rebel-held areas have taken advantage

:15:09.:15:13.

of the current truce to hold small anti-government protests.

:15:14.:15:17.

Demonstrators in parts of Homs, Aleppo, and Damascus called

:15:18.:15:19.

The partial ceasefire came into effect across Syria a week ago.

:15:20.:15:28.

The leader of Plaid Cymru, Leanne Wood, has criticised

:15:29.:15:31.

the Government for deciding to hold the EU referendum so close

:15:32.:15:33.

to the Welsh Assembly elections in May.

:15:34.:15:36.

She was speaking at the party's annual spring conference and said

:15:37.:15:39.

she supported Britain's membership of the EU.

:15:40.:15:45.

Police in Los Angeles are carrying out DNA testing on a knife

:15:46.:15:48.

said to have been found at the former home of OJ Simpson.

:15:49.:15:52.

They're trying to establish if it has any connection with the murders

:15:53.:15:55.

in 1994 of Simpson's ex-wife and a male friend.

:15:56.:16:00.

OJ Simpson was cleared of their murders in 1995.

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Our correspondent James Cook is in Los Angeles.

:16:05.:16:13.

Yes, Sophie. The OJ Simpson trial split the United States, not least

:16:14.:16:21.

along racial lines. He was a famous American football star when he was

:16:22.:16:25.

accused of the murders in Los Angeles, and more than 20 years on

:16:26.:16:28.

this sensational and heartbreaking case is back in the headlines.

:16:29.:16:31.

OJ Simpson, accused of murdering his ex-wife,

:16:32.:16:35.

A bloody glove which did not appear to fit was at the heart of the case.

:16:36.:16:41.

Orenthal James Simpson, not guilty of the crime of murder.

:16:42.:16:43.

As the sport superstar learned his fate in 1995,

:16:44.:16:45.

it felt like the whole world was watching.

:16:46.:16:49.

At first, Simpson had run, fleeing in this white vehicle,

:16:50.:16:51.

with police and paparazzi in hot pursuit.

:16:52.:16:56.

When Simpson's house was demolished in 1998,

:16:57.:17:02.

a knife was reportedly discovered and handed to a police officer,

:17:03.:17:05.

I do not know whether he was retired at the time

:17:06.:17:12.

that he allegedly received this item from the person who claimed

:17:13.:17:15.

they found it on the property, or whether

:17:16.:17:17.

he was still in fact an LAPD officer and retired some time after that.

:17:18.:17:21.

It is being treated as we would all evidence.

:17:22.:17:26.

They are going to study it and examine it for all forensics,

:17:27.:17:31.

including serology and DNA, and hair samples.

:17:32.:17:33.

The law of double jeopardy means OJ Simpson cannot be tried again,

:17:34.:17:43.

He lost the civil case brought by the victims' families,

:17:44.:17:49.

and is now serving 33 years for armed robbery.

:17:50.:17:52.

This extraordinary story, it seems, never ends.

:17:53.:17:57.

Researchers in the United States say they may have found the first

:17:58.:18:05.

evidence that the Zika virus does cause birth defects in babies.

:18:06.:18:09.

which is spreading rapidly in Central and South America,

:18:10.:18:13.

normally only causes mild symptoms in adults.

:18:14.:18:17.

But there's growing concern that if pregnant women are infected,

:18:18.:18:20.

their babies can be born with damaged brains.

:18:21.:18:22.

Caroline will never develop normally.

:18:23.:18:32.

She is one of hundreds of babies born in Brazil with the condition

:18:33.:18:36.

It is a terrible outbreak made more worrying because so little is known

:18:37.:18:41.

Last month a doctor at the centre of the crisis

:18:42.:18:45.

The white dots marked damage in the babies' brains.

:18:46.:18:51.

She was convinced that the cause was the Zika virus,

:18:52.:18:53.

but establishing proof is incredibly hard.

:18:54.:18:59.

So, teams of scientists have been investigating,

:19:00.:19:01.

that key question of whether Zika is to blame.

:19:02.:19:05.

Today the World Health Organisation said it was looking

:19:06.:19:07.

The evidence that there may be a causal relationship has continued

:19:08.:19:12.

to accumulate and, as importantly, we have not seen the counterfactual,

:19:13.:19:17.

the fact that there is evidence it is due to something else.

:19:18.:19:22.

So, what do we know other than the fact that the Zika virus is carried

:19:23.:19:25.

Because the threat only emerged a few months ago there has not been

:19:26.:19:30.

One study found traces of the virus in the fluid of pregnant women.

:19:31.:19:37.

Another spotted Zika in a handful of babies born with damaged brains

:19:38.:19:40.

So, in a new project, scientists took samples of the virus

:19:41.:19:47.

and applied them to human stem cells,

:19:48.:19:51.

Within three days, up to 90% of them were infected and damage.

:19:52.:19:58.

This is an important finding but because it involves stem cells

:19:59.:20:02.

in lab conditions, it still is not cast-iron proof.

:20:03.:20:07.

Amid all the anxiety for pregnant women like Jessica in Colombia,

:20:08.:20:10.

Even a very basic question like how the virus could damage

:20:11.:20:16.

It's very important that we do understand whether Zika is causing

:20:17.:20:22.

brain damage or whether it might be due to something else,

:20:23.:20:24.

because we need to try and find a way to address the problem.

:20:25.:20:27.

And try to prevent this rise in microcephaly that is occurring

:20:28.:20:30.

A pregnant woman in Brazil, comforted after hearing

:20:31.:20:36.

Zika has sread to more than 50 countries, and scientists are racing

:20:37.:20:43.

to understand what that could mean.

:20:44.:20:49.

Meanwhile, Brazil is having to deal with the biggest corruption scandal

:20:50.:20:52.

It centres on the state-owned oil company and involves

:20:53.:20:56.

Today, police detained the country's former president,

:20:57.:21:01.

He was later released and denies allegations of corruption,

:21:02.:21:06.

as Julia Carneiro reports from Sao Paulo.

:21:07.:21:19.

Outside Lula's house, police clashed with protesters, both supporters and

:21:20.:21:28.

detractors, as news of the former President's detention spread. He was

:21:29.:21:33.

taken to a police station for three hours of questioning over claims he

:21:34.:21:37.

and his family had benefited from illegal payments.

:21:38.:21:44.

TRANSLATION: We are looking at evidence that the former president

:21:45.:21:48.

and his family received advantageous payments. We are still at the

:21:49.:21:53.

investigation stage but we found no plausible motivation for these

:21:54.:22:00.

payments. After being released, Lula was driven to the headquarters of

:22:01.:22:03.

the governing workers party. He denied any wrongdoing.

:22:04.:22:11.

TRANSLATION: I have been hurt, you know. I feel offended. I didn't need

:22:12.:22:17.

this. I feel outrage, as if I was a prisoner. But if they have tried to

:22:18.:22:23.

get me, they haven't succeeded. These corruption investigations have

:22:24.:22:26.

dominated Brazilian politics for months now, but the brief detention

:22:27.:22:30.

of former President Lula today signals a new phase and increases

:22:31.:22:35.

the danger for his protege, the current president, and the future of

:22:36.:22:39.

the workers party. At the heart of today's detention lies a corruption

:22:40.:22:44.

scandal involving the state-run oil company Petrobras. It investigates a

:22:45.:22:48.

scheme to divert money through overpriced contracts. Now

:22:49.:22:51.

prosecutors say they have significant evidence that Lula

:22:52.:22:56.

benefited from the scheme, and his nonprofit organisation is under the

:22:57.:23:02.

spotlight. During his eight years as president, Lula was the face of the

:23:03.:23:08.

Brazilian boom. His detention today is a significant moment. When such a

:23:09.:23:16.

figure is reached by a criminal investigation, the institution sends

:23:17.:23:21.

a message to the whole country that nobody is above the law in Brazil.

:23:22.:23:28.

Today's development increases pressure on President Rousseff,

:23:29.:23:31.

already presiding over a failing economy. The fact that her

:23:32.:23:35.

predecessor, the very symbol of her party, was brought in by police

:23:36.:23:39.

today, makes this a very dangerous moment for her.

:23:40.:23:46.

There has been a wintry start to spring for large parts of northern

:23:47.:23:50.

England, with heavy snowfall causing travel disruption across the region.

:23:51.:23:54.

Yorkshire, Lancashire and Derbyshire were worst affected, with more than

:23:55.:23:58.

100 schools closed. There have been problems on the roads, with many

:23:59.:24:02.

closed or described as hazardous, and forecasters are warning of more

:24:03.:24:07.

cold weather to come. Leeds Bradford Airport was forced to suspend

:24:08.:24:10.

flights this morning but has since reopened.

:24:11.:24:12.

He's recognised as one of the greatest Renaissance artists.

:24:13.:24:14.

Tomorrow the paintings and drawings of Sandro Botticelli go on display

:24:15.:24:16.

in the largest show of its kind in the UK.

:24:17.:24:20.

But the exhibition comes with a twist.

:24:21.:24:22.

His masterpieces will appear alongside works

:24:23.:24:23.

of modern art, design, fashion and film, all inspired by him.

:24:24.:24:27.

Will Gompertz has been to take a look.

:24:28.:24:35.

The Birth of Venus, one of the most iconic images in art,

:24:36.:24:39.

instantly recognisable and much copied, by the likes of Andy Warhol,

:24:40.:24:43.

David LaChapelle, Dolce and Gabbana, and anyone fancying a go

:24:44.:24:47.

The only snag is that the original masterpiece by Botticelli

:24:48.:24:56.

It hasn't left Italy since the 1930s, when Mussolini sent

:24:57.:25:05.

it out on tour as part of a charm offensive.

:25:06.:25:08.

But the good news is that Venus has made the trip.

:25:09.:25:10.

It is thought that Botticelli painted

:25:11.:25:12.

these two near identical Venuses after his famous original

:25:13.:25:14.

It's also thought he had a little help from from friends.

:25:15.:25:18.

One of the problems with Botticelli is that he had a large workshop full

:25:19.:25:22.

of young artists who would paint paintings to his designs.

:25:23.:25:25.

Which begs the question, how can you tell which are by a master

:25:26.:25:29.

To answer that question I have tracked down the show's curator,

:25:30.:25:36.

This is one of the masterpieces of the exhibition.

:25:37.:25:43.

It's an absolutely beautiful painting by Botticelli

:25:44.:25:47.

The execution of the drapery, the landscape, of this still life

:25:48.:25:53.

here, everything is absolutely exquisite

:25:54.:25:56.

And this quality speaks for a Botticelli authenticity.

:25:57.:26:05.

These portraits are a highlight of the show.

:26:06.:26:07.

Seeing them makes the fact that Botticelli was largely

:26:08.:26:12.

forgotten for hundreds of years all the more baffling.

:26:13.:26:17.

He was, in part, rediscovered by the Victorians, most

:26:18.:26:20.

notably the Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood, artists such as Edward

:26:21.:26:24.

Burne-Jones, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and their friend William Morris.

:26:25.:26:29.

They admired the simplicity of Botticelli's line

:26:30.:26:31.

Rossetti even went as far as buying one of his paintings to which,

:26:32.:26:37.

it is said, he added a touch or two of his own.

:26:38.:26:42.

There are many works in this show echoing and emulating Botticelli

:26:43.:26:44.

but none really stand comparison with the paintings produced by this

:26:45.:26:55.

That's all from us. Time for the news where you are.

:26:56.:27:00.

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