Browse content similar to 07/03/2017. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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The CIA can apparently do some amazing stuff, | :00:00. | :00:00. | |
like turn your TV into a microphone and listen in. | :00:00. | :00:11. | |
But now their secret code has leaked. | :00:12. | :00:19. | |
This seems to be an incredibly damaging leak in terms of the | :00:20. | :00:26. | |
tactics, techniques, procedures and tools that were used by the Central | :00:27. | :00:30. | |
intelligence agency to conduct legitimate foreign intelligence. | :00:31. | :00:32. | |
If the leaks are real, it's highly embarrassing | :00:33. | :00:36. | |
We will ask the journalist Glenn Greenwald whether we should be | :00:37. | :00:49. | |
worried by the CIA's ability to hack, or its inability to keep its | :00:50. | :00:51. | |
own secrets? Defeat for the Prime | :00:52. | :00:52. | |
Minister in the Lords. They want Parliament to vote | :00:53. | :00:55. | |
on the final Brexit deal. Does that make sense, | :00:56. | :00:58. | |
or screw up the negotiation? Gina Miller and Theresa | :00:59. | :01:00. | |
Villiers will tell us. The day before the Budget, | :01:01. | :01:02. | |
we're inside Cumbria County Council We can't go on like this. I don't | :01:03. | :01:19. | |
think we can continue like this, as councils up and down the country. | :01:20. | :01:21. | |
And Viewsnight looks on the bright side of life. | :01:22. | :01:25. | |
Now, imagine we were to treat people the way most of us really are. | :01:26. | :01:32. | |
Pretty nice. Creative. And more than willing to contribute to the common | :01:33. | :01:33. | |
good. We've had the Chelsea Manning leaks, | :01:34. | :01:40. | |
then came Edward Snowdon, and today another huge Wikileaks | :01:41. | :01:44. | |
data dump - they're calling it Vault 7, and they say it's from a division | :01:45. | :01:46. | |
at the heart of the CIA. Thousands of documents, | :01:47. | :01:50. | |
millions of lines of code - and, if it is all genuine, | :01:51. | :01:52. | |
it shows the extraordinary array of hacking and spying tools | :01:53. | :01:55. | |
available to the CIA. Some of it's colourful - | :01:56. | :01:58. | |
the ability to infect a Samsung TV and turn it into a microphone that | :01:59. | :02:04. | |
records conversations, for example. The British apparently | :02:05. | :02:09. | |
helped with that. The CIA won't confirm | :02:10. | :02:12. | |
the authenticity of any of it, Is it reasonable for the CIA | :02:13. | :02:14. | |
to have these abilities? And the second is, can't the CIA | :02:15. | :02:21. | |
guard any of its own secrets? If it is incapable of doing so, | :02:22. | :02:27. | |
should it harbour software that could allow massive abuse by those | :02:28. | :02:30. | |
with malign intent? The documents are purportedly from | :02:31. | :02:49. | |
the CIA's centre. Intelligence. 7918 documents with many attachments. | :02:50. | :02:53. | |
Wikileaks say it is only part of what it intends to publish. The rise | :02:54. | :02:58. | |
of connected devices has promised intelligence agencies like the CIA a | :02:59. | :03:04. | |
new golden age of spy craft, where every home is filled with all sorts | :03:05. | :03:07. | |
of objects that can be enlisted to gather data against their owners. | :03:08. | :03:16. | |
What Wikileaks have got details of is how the CIA or doing this and the | :03:17. | :03:21. | |
very computer code they are using. This seems to be an incredibly | :03:22. | :03:26. | |
damaging leak in terms of the tactics, procedures and tools that | :03:27. | :03:30. | |
were used by the CIA to conduct legitimate foreign intelligence. In | :03:31. | :03:35. | |
other words, it has made my country and my country's friends less safe. | :03:36. | :03:41. | |
For example, the Wikileaks document suggests that the CIA have bypassed | :03:42. | :03:45. | |
the encryption on android mobile phone messaging apps like WhatsApp, | :03:46. | :03:49. | |
and collect audio and messaging traffic before it is encrypted. | :03:50. | :03:54. | |
These are wraps which many people used to relay sensitive information | :03:55. | :03:58. | |
because they believe they are impenetrable. One technique, | :03:59. | :04:03. | |
code-named weeping Angel, can turn a Samsung smart TV in a target's live | :04:04. | :04:10. | |
living room can turn it into a microphone. This was apparently | :04:11. | :04:16. | |
developed with the help of the UK's GCHQ. Wikileaks say they have got | :04:17. | :04:20. | |
hold of millions of lines of computer code, the CIA's tool box of | :04:21. | :04:25. | |
tricks and hacks. But, they say, they won't be releasing what they | :04:26. | :04:30. | |
call these armed cyber weapons until a consensus emerges on how they can | :04:31. | :04:34. | |
be dealt with. How they can be a moist and disarmed. If the data in | :04:35. | :04:38. | |
these documents is verified -- how they can be analysed. It will add to | :04:39. | :04:43. | |
the damage done to Western intelligence agencies by Chelsea | :04:44. | :04:46. | |
Manning and Edward Snowden. We don't know how this information got out. | :04:47. | :04:51. | |
One former director believes that a big danger to secrecy is cultural. | :04:52. | :04:56. | |
In order to do this kind of stuff, we have to recruit from a certain | :04:57. | :05:02. | |
demographic, I don't mean to judge them, there is a group of | :05:03. | :05:04. | |
millennials and they simply have different understandings of the | :05:05. | :05:09. | |
words loyalty and secrecy and transparency, than certainly my | :05:10. | :05:15. | |
generation did. And so we bring these folks into the agency, good | :05:16. | :05:20. | |
Americans I can only assume, but again, culturally, they have | :05:21. | :05:23. | |
different instincts than the people who made the decision to hire them. | :05:24. | :05:27. | |
What has supposedly been leaked suggests no limit to the CIA's | :05:28. | :05:32. | |
ambition, like hacking self driving cars as a future weapon for | :05:33. | :05:36. | |
assassination. What is likely to be most damaging is that the US | :05:37. | :05:40. | |
intelligence agencies as yet can't be sure how many of their secrets | :05:41. | :05:43. | |
have been breached. David Grossman. Our Diplomatic Editor, | :05:44. | :05:46. | |
Mark Urban, is with me. This leaking is a big issue, Mark. | :05:47. | :05:55. | |
How and why and how many people have access to all of this staff? Well, | :05:56. | :06:02. | |
the agencies are caught in this terrible place where they've had to | :06:03. | :06:06. | |
create huge the violence programmes, let's face it, that's what we're | :06:07. | :06:10. | |
talking about, in power in awful lot of people to share that information | :06:11. | :06:15. | |
because of the lessons of 9/11 and other systemic failures, they want | :06:16. | :06:21. | |
to get across all of that 800,000 plus people are cleared to | :06:22. | :06:25. | |
top-secret and higher level code in the US. If even a tiny proportion of | :06:26. | :06:29. | |
those or ideological or opposed, greedy, they want to sell the stuff, | :06:30. | :06:34. | |
all working for another power, damage can be done. It is getting | :06:35. | :06:38. | |
harder for intelligence agencies generally to a tribute or track | :06:39. | :06:44. | |
where different, worth and tools... Why take away from my initial read | :06:45. | :06:49. | |
of this, the most interesting stuff was this Tom Burridge group, a group | :06:50. | :06:54. | |
in the CIA that harvest other states's cyber tactics to use by the | :06:55. | :07:02. | |
CIA in deniable attacks. Add to that that we now know that many of these | :07:03. | :07:08. | |
cyber attack tools with if you like an American forensic signature are | :07:09. | :07:12. | |
in the hands of Wikileaks and who knows who else, and the wilderness | :07:13. | :07:16. | |
of mirrors about attributing cyber attacks, who the hell has done this? | :07:17. | :07:22. | |
We saw this with the Democrats this last summer, it becomes harder and | :07:23. | :07:23. | |
harder to work out. Bruce Schneier is a security | :07:24. | :07:24. | |
technologist and Harvard Fellow. I spoke to him earlier, | :07:25. | :07:26. | |
and I asked him if this I mean, certainly whenever | :07:27. | :07:29. | |
classified documents are released by an intelligence agency, | :07:30. | :07:36. | |
it is a disaster. These are particularly sensitive, | :07:37. | :07:38. | |
they are hacking tools, And if I was inside the CIA, I would | :07:39. | :07:41. | |
call this a disaster as well. We have this leak, it | :07:42. | :07:47. | |
seems to be one thing What's happened to the culture | :07:48. | :07:52. | |
of secrecy that you would expect It's not the culture of secrecy, | :07:53. | :07:57. | |
it's the culture of competing. These documents are on computers, | :07:58. | :08:03. | |
they are on networks, They are vulnerable | :08:04. | :08:09. | |
for outsiders hacking, they are vulnerable for insiders | :08:10. | :08:11. | |
taking them and leaving. And we see this against the CIA, | :08:12. | :08:13. | |
the NSA, a Panamanian law firm, the Democratic National Committee, | :08:14. | :08:19. | |
climate change researchers, again and again and again - | :08:20. | :08:23. | |
individuals, organisations and nation states are hacking these | :08:24. | :08:26. | |
documents, and in many cases, Michael Hayden, former | :08:27. | :08:28. | |
Director of the CIA, told the BBC earlier that he thought | :08:29. | :08:33. | |
there may be something about a kind of a culture | :08:34. | :08:37. | |
of the people who you need to recruit to be kind of working | :08:38. | :08:42. | |
the computers and devising all these tools in the first place, | :08:43. | :08:45. | |
that perhaps they just have a different view of their life | :08:46. | :08:47. | |
and their career that say the old spooks did | :08:48. | :08:50. | |
say a generation ago. You know, maybe that is | :08:51. | :08:52. | |
generalising from one example, from Edward Snowden, | :08:53. | :08:54. | |
maybe from two, This is probably an outsider, | :08:55. | :08:56. | |
not an insider, like the NSA equation group documents were hacked | :08:57. | :09:05. | |
by the Shadow Brokers. You know, it's really | :09:06. | :09:07. | |
hard to generalise. The only thing we know is that these | :09:08. | :09:08. | |
documents are more vulnerable because there are on networks, | :09:09. | :09:13. | |
which means that individuals Now, look, how dangerous is it that | :09:14. | :09:16. | |
a lot of these CIA tools are now out How much damage can those | :09:17. | :09:21. | |
other people do if those And near as we can tell, | :09:22. | :09:26. | |
they've leaked for a while. Wikileaks said that they have been | :09:27. | :09:38. | |
passed around for a while. Now we can start getting security, | :09:39. | :09:41. | |
now that we know what the attacks are, we can fix these systems | :09:42. | :09:45. | |
and be less probable. I mean, yes, it's bad that these | :09:46. | :09:48. | |
attacks are out there, The CIA knew that it was most likely | :09:49. | :09:54. | |
that other countries did as well. So getting them in the hands | :09:55. | :10:02. | |
of the public so they can be fixed is really a measure | :10:03. | :10:05. | |
of making things better. Bruce Schneier, thank | :10:06. | :10:07. | |
you for talking to me. Bruce also told me he always puts | :10:08. | :10:18. | |
something over the cameras on his devices to make sure they are not | :10:19. | :10:25. | |
him. Not because of the Russians or the Chinese, but because of teenage | :10:26. | :10:28. | |
hackers. And Glenn Greenwald | :10:29. | :10:29. | |
is the journalist that campaigns Good evening. Have you seen anything | :10:30. | :10:37. | |
in these leaks that make you think the CIA was doing anything wrong? | :10:38. | :10:41. | |
Firstly, very significant revelation is that the CIA actively encourages | :10:42. | :10:49. | |
and at times even pays various companies and organisations to | :10:50. | :10:54. | |
preserve vulnerability that there are able to exploit and a lot of | :10:55. | :10:57. | |
these software programmes. So not only they can go through these back | :10:58. | :11:03. | |
doors that they make sure exist, but so can hackers, or other nations. | :11:04. | :11:08. | |
The CIA and NSA making the internet Moran says for everybody. I think | :11:09. | :11:13. | |
that is very disturbing -- more on safe. So maybe they should tell the | :11:14. | :11:22. | |
Googles and the apples where the vulnerabilities are rather fun | :11:23. | :11:25. | |
exploit them. Have you seen any evidence that this thing on | :11:26. | :11:31. | |
televisions or driverless cars, have you seen any evidence that these | :11:32. | :11:35. | |
have been applied to good people all merry people, as opposed to what | :11:36. | :11:40. | |
President Trump would call the bad hombres -- ordinary people. Do you | :11:41. | :11:44. | |
think they have been misusing these tools? One of the problems with | :11:45. | :11:50. | |
having a massive surveillance state, intelligence community, that | :11:51. | :11:52. | |
operates almost entirely in the dark is that we know very little about | :11:53. | :11:57. | |
what they actually do. There is very little accountability war over side, | :11:58. | :12:02. | |
which is why when we did this reporting, -- or oversight. Even | :12:03. | :12:06. | |
people on the intelligence committee said, we didn't even know that these | :12:07. | :12:09. | |
were taking place. So based on the first sort of batch of documents | :12:10. | :12:16. | |
that Wikileaks have released, we know the CIA have extraordinary | :12:17. | :12:19. | |
abilities that they are exploiting. We don't know against who they are | :12:20. | :12:24. | |
using it, but the history of the CIA is one filled with abuse, and we | :12:25. | :12:28. | |
ought to know more about why they are using get. Have you really seen | :12:29. | :12:31. | |
any thing that surprises you in terms of a skill or a talent or a | :12:32. | :12:36. | |
tool that they have? In a lot of ways, this is what you would expect | :12:37. | :12:39. | |
a really top-class spying agency to be doing, isn't it? I think some of | :12:40. | :12:50. | |
the methods that they use, and the extent of control they are able to | :12:51. | :12:54. | |
obtain over people's android phones, the progress that they have made | :12:55. | :13:00. | |
into people's iPhones has actually surprised people who work in the | :13:01. | :13:03. | |
security field. It's not shocking that the CIA is trying to do it, | :13:04. | :13:07. | |
although I don't think a lot of people knew that the CIA has such a | :13:08. | :13:11. | |
vast surveillance apparatus. They assumed that the NSA with the agency | :13:12. | :13:15. | |
that uses billions of dollars, so that it is rising. It is not | :13:16. | :13:20. | |
shocking the CIA is trying, but it has been surprising the way that | :13:21. | :13:25. | |
they are in able to invade these devices and take full control of the | :13:26. | :13:29. | |
programmes intended to keep them out. The fundamental argument is, do | :13:30. | :13:34. | |
we want intelligence agencies who can do clever stuff to spy on people | :13:35. | :13:39. | |
from abroad, preferably, who are doing or mean us harm, or do we not | :13:40. | :13:44. | |
want intelligence agencies to do that? We have always come back to | :13:45. | :13:48. | |
this and I have spoken to you about it before. In the end, if you are | :13:49. | :13:52. | |
going to have intelligence agencies, you have to let them get on with the | :13:53. | :13:55. | |
job and you can't expect them to stand by telling you what they are | :13:56. | :13:58. | |
doing because it isn't going to work if they do that. Yes, I think you | :13:59. | :14:04. | |
know, there is an absolutist way to look at things, which is very | :14:05. | :14:07. | |
simplified. Either they get full secrecy or they have none. And then | :14:08. | :14:11. | |
there's a more sophisticated way to look at it, which we as journalists | :14:12. | :14:15. | |
ought to be adopting, which is, yes, you need some degree of secrecy, but | :14:16. | :14:21. | |
in a democracy, secrecy is extremely corrosive and they dress. And for | :14:22. | :14:24. | |
agencies that we have allowed to operate almost entirely in the dark, | :14:25. | :14:29. | |
as journalists, our objective ought to be to report on what they are | :14:30. | :14:35. | |
doing and cheer from one both is transparency, -- for when there is | :14:36. | :14:39. | |
transparency. That the government try to protect secrecy. As | :14:40. | :14:41. | |
journalists we ought to be devoted to telling the public what these | :14:42. | :14:44. | |
people are doing. Some people say WikiLeaks have been | :14:45. | :15:00. | |
strangely related to Trump, do you think there's anything strange about | :15:01. | :15:03. | |
the timing of this, another difficult week for President Trump | :15:04. | :15:07. | |
and this whole fuss about President Obama and did he tap him. Is this a | :15:08. | :15:15. | |
distraction? It is funny because we always like to look at Russian media | :15:16. | :15:22. | |
and the Arab world and mock them for conspiracies and yet we in the West | :15:23. | :15:27. | |
have are conspiracies. There was a weird timing issues with WikiLeaks, | :15:28. | :15:31. | |
intended to distract, there is always important news going on. | :15:32. | :15:36. | |
WikiLeaks published this material not in a particularly sensitive | :15:37. | :15:41. | |
week. I can assure you it takes some time to process this material and | :15:42. | :15:45. | |
unless we have evidence that WikiLeaks manipulated the timing I | :15:46. | :15:50. | |
do not think we should be assuming that that took place. I do not know | :15:51. | :15:55. | |
of any evidence that says anything like that happened. | :15:56. | :15:57. | |
Theresa May suffered the embarrassment of defeat today. | :15:58. | :15:59. | |
The Lords voted - with a majority of just under 100 - | :16:00. | :16:02. | |
to insist Parliament has the final "meaningful vote" on the deal | :16:03. | :16:05. | |
The PM will whip her MPs to try and overturn this defeat | :16:06. | :16:09. | |
when the Bill comes back to the Commons - probably next week. | :16:10. | :16:14. | |
Now Theresa May is hailed as the most unassailable prime | :16:15. | :16:17. | |
minister we've had for years, a weak opposition, a united party. | :16:18. | :16:19. | |
But, think a little on it, and you remember she has only | :16:20. | :16:22. | |
a small majority in the Commons - so she's vulnerable on all sorts | :16:23. | :16:25. | |
of thorny issues such as Brexit, grammar schools and us | :16:26. | :16:28. | |
That's why some colleagues - including William Hague | :16:29. | :16:31. | |
in his Telegraph column today - have said she should call a general | :16:32. | :16:34. | |
How popular is that opinion amongst conservatives? Downing Street if the | :16:35. | :16:57. | |
William Hague idea short shrift but something of a debate going on | :16:58. | :17:01. | |
involving members of the cabinet about whether an early election may | :17:02. | :17:05. | |
be a good idea. These Cabinet ministers accept and respect Theresa | :17:06. | :17:10. | |
May? Opinion that an election now would be wrong, they say if you did | :17:11. | :17:15. | |
it right now it would seem as if you were doing it for the benefit of the | :17:16. | :17:20. | |
Conservative Party, exploiting Labour Party witnesses at a bad | :17:21. | :17:22. | |
moment for the Labour Party. But these ministers said that over the | :17:23. | :17:26. | |
next couple of years you may be able to mount an argument that it is in | :17:27. | :17:30. | |
the national interest to hold an election before the due date in 2024 | :17:31. | :17:36. | |
the they are identified as when the government seeks to introduce the | :17:37. | :17:40. | |
great repeal bill, the legislation that will annul the legislation | :17:41. | :17:42. | |
underpinning our membership of the EU and it will put all that EU | :17:43. | :17:48. | |
legislation, into UK law and then the UK will be able to decide which | :17:49. | :17:52. | |
bits of that legislation it wants to keep. I'm told his ministers have | :17:53. | :17:57. | |
identified a couple of danger points with that legislation. Number one is | :17:58. | :18:02. | |
when it is in the House of Lords, we have seen the House of Lords this | :18:03. | :18:05. | |
week bearing their teeth and there was a feeling in government circles | :18:06. | :18:11. | |
that if the Commons could overturn those amendments Bumble laud them | :18:12. | :18:13. | |
that the Lords would throw in the towel and not want to be accused of | :18:14. | :18:16. | |
thwarting the will of the people on Brexit. There will be no such qualms | :18:17. | :18:19. | |
on the great repeal Bill, they think, and the second danger | :18:20. | :18:23. | |
identified by ministers is that the Scottish Parliament may say that | :18:24. | :18:26. | |
under the original devolution settlement that great repeal Bill | :18:27. | :18:28. | |
would need their consent. As I said, there are a whole series | :18:29. | :18:32. | |
of issues that the Prime Minister may be vulnerable on with such | :18:33. | :18:35. | |
a small majority. A busy College Green | :18:36. | :18:37. | |
here in Westminster is a sign that something | :18:38. | :18:41. | |
is about to happen in Parliament. Tomorrow is budget day, | :18:42. | :18:46. | |
which is a day when the government The whole structure of the day | :18:47. | :18:48. | |
really favours the people in power. It also comes as the Conservative | :18:49. | :18:57. | |
Party's racking up enormous poll leads, consistently in double digits | :18:58. | :19:00. | |
over the Labour Party. But might that mean | :19:01. | :19:05. | |
that we are overstating just how strong Theresa May's | :19:06. | :19:07. | |
position really is? Critically, take a look at the Lords | :19:08. | :19:12. | |
where the government does As of tonight, Theresa May has lost | :19:13. | :19:14. | |
24 votes in the Upper House. Well, we look at issues where we can | :19:15. | :19:25. | |
make a difference and perhaps persuade the House of Commons | :19:26. | :19:28. | |
and the government to think again. Things like the Housing Bill, | :19:29. | :19:30. | |
we've asked the government On trade union legislation, | :19:31. | :19:32. | |
on education. And indeed some of | :19:33. | :19:35. | |
the aspects of Brexit. Indeed, just this evening, | :19:36. | :19:38. | |
the Lords have defeated They've passed an amendment | :19:39. | :19:40. | |
demanding what they call "a meaningful vote" by parliament | :19:41. | :19:47. | |
on the terms of Brexit One of two Lords amendments | :19:48. | :19:50. | |
on the Brexit bill. Everyone in this House knows | :19:51. | :19:58. | |
that we now face the most momentous And this amendment as the Noble Lord | :19:59. | :20:01. | |
has so clearly set out, secures in law the government's | :20:02. | :20:10. | |
commitment, already made to another place, to ensure that Parliament | :20:11. | :20:14. | |
is the ultimate custodian I am in a minority in this House | :20:15. | :20:16. | |
because I support the views of the majority of people | :20:17. | :20:28. | |
in this country. This House is absolutely full | :20:29. | :20:32. | |
of people who still haven't come to terms with the results | :20:33. | :20:35. | |
of the referendum. Well, the effect of these | :20:36. | :20:36. | |
votes is to reopen And so potentially re-empower rebel | :20:37. | :20:40. | |
Tory backbenchers to negotiate If we take the Article 50 Bill, | :20:41. | :20:43. | |
there were small numbers of Conservative rebels on some key | :20:44. | :20:51. | |
issues when the bill went Notably on the rights of EU | :20:52. | :20:53. | |
citizens to remain in the UK and on the Parliamentary vote | :20:54. | :20:59. | |
at the end of the process. It is no coincidence that those | :21:00. | :21:02. | |
are the issues that the Lords has taken up very strongly | :21:03. | :21:05. | |
and is seeking to throw back to the Commons to ask | :21:06. | :21:07. | |
the Commons to think again. And what it is doing really there | :21:08. | :21:11. | |
is facilitating those negotiations If the backbenchers are satisfied, | :21:12. | :21:14. | |
she will get her way. She may need to offer them | :21:15. | :21:19. | |
more assurances in order Theresa May will ask MPs to overturn | :21:20. | :21:22. | |
the peers' amendments. And it is plausible she might not | :21:23. | :21:27. | |
win both of those votes. And that is why the Lords could | :21:28. | :21:30. | |
trouble the government so much. They complain oh, we haven't | :21:31. | :21:39. | |
got the majority, well, this is the first Conservative | :21:40. | :21:41. | |
government never to have had an automatic majority | :21:42. | :21:43. | |
in the House of Lords. But no Labour government ever had | :21:44. | :21:45. | |
a majority in the House of Lords, you win your case, you persuade, | :21:46. | :21:48. | |
you articulate, you make that case. And that is what the government | :21:49. | :21:51. | |
needs to understand and needs to do. But some Tories want | :21:52. | :21:59. | |
a quick election. They say it could mean | :22:00. | :22:01. | |
a bigger Commons majority. And peers don't pick fights | :22:02. | :22:03. | |
over items once they've But at least for now, | :22:04. | :22:05. | |
the government is grinding on. And once the Brexit negotiation | :22:06. | :22:09. | |
starts, a voluntary election Well, as you heard, one test | :22:10. | :22:11. | |
of the Prime Minister's strength comes next week, when Remainer MPs | :22:12. | :22:20. | |
have to decide whether to support her on the Brexit Bill - | :22:21. | :22:23. | |
or to side with the Lords, The issue is whether Parliament | :22:24. | :22:26. | |
should get a meaningful vote on any I'm joined by Gina Miller, | :22:27. | :22:31. | |
who famously brought the legal case for Parliament to have a vote | :22:32. | :22:36. | |
on Article 50. And Theresa Villiers is here - | :22:37. | :22:39. | |
former Northern Ireland Secretary Theresa Villiers, as we were | :22:40. | :22:53. | |
watching that Lord Heseltine has been sacked as a government adviser | :22:54. | :22:58. | |
because he rebelled on the bill. Is that showing a kind of sensitivity | :22:59. | :23:03. | |
to all this, a bit of brittleness question what Michael Heseltine was | :23:04. | :23:06. | |
a long serving member of the Conservative Party but he's very | :23:07. | :23:12. | |
much out line with the majority feeling within the Conservative | :23:13. | :23:16. | |
Party and indeed within the country. He's not even a member of the | :23:17. | :23:21. | |
government, just an adviser. But you have two kind of show how tough the | :23:22. | :23:26. | |
discipline is going to be? I do not know the circumstances but I think | :23:27. | :23:31. | |
it was always inevitable when he was rebelling on such a crucially | :23:32. | :23:35. | |
important issue. Gina Miller, the idea of a vote at the end of the | :23:36. | :23:39. | |
process, is it the case that you would like parliament to have the | :23:40. | :23:43. | |
option if they do not like the deal Theresa May comes back with, is it | :23:44. | :23:53. | |
the case you would like them to have the option to say let's just take in | :23:54. | :23:56. | |
the EU or have a referendum on staying in rather than going through | :23:57. | :23:58. | |
with Brexit? It is not about what I want, and it is not at the end of | :23:59. | :24:02. | |
the process but in 18 months. We're not talking about the great repeal | :24:03. | :24:04. | |
act, it is in 18 months when Theresa May comes back with that negotiated | :24:05. | :24:08. | |
package. It is only right that Parliament should be involved in | :24:09. | :24:11. | |
that process, that is what my case was about and what all the | :24:12. | :24:16. | |
Brexiteers talked about, Parliamentary sovereignty and | :24:17. | :24:19. | |
parliament having the right to vote and debate. That is what is so great | :24:20. | :24:23. | |
about the House of Lords, they showed it could be done as a level | :24:24. | :24:27. | |
that is civilised and grown up and you could respect the point of view | :24:28. | :24:31. | |
of other people. Are you thinking about another legal case, if two is | :24:32. | :24:35. | |
a major says I'm not interested and I'm going to eat the House of Lords, | :24:36. | :24:40. | |
are you thinking another legal case on this would be due? If you go back | :24:41. | :24:47. | |
to the judgment in my case that the Supreme Court it said only | :24:48. | :24:49. | |
parliament could take away or diminish people's rights. In 18 | :24:50. | :24:55. | |
months we will not know what whites have been taken away because we do | :24:56. | :24:58. | |
not have a crystal ball, we do not know what the package will be. If | :24:59. | :25:01. | |
you look at the judgment there is some thinking that if Theresa May | :25:02. | :25:06. | |
bypasses the parliament and does not deliver on a promise, if this | :25:07. | :25:09. | |
amendment does not get in, that there could be a case for us to take | :25:10. | :25:15. | |
back to Parliament, sorry, to the court and say could she act on her | :25:16. | :25:18. | |
own without parliament. Theresa Villiers, I suspect that is not what | :25:19. | :25:21. | |
you want to hear because that would mean a legal argument right at the | :25:22. | :25:26. | |
climax of article 50 negotiations. That is one of the real anxieties | :25:27. | :25:30. | |
about these amendments. Any amendment to what is a simple bill | :25:31. | :25:37. | |
makes it potentially dragging on into the courts. I believe that | :25:38. | :25:44. | |
particularly the amendment passed today is a recipe for stalemate and | :25:45. | :25:50. | |
disruption. I'm sure Gina Miller is entirely sincere in what she's doing | :25:51. | :25:54. | |
but I think many people who backed this amendment today in the House of | :25:55. | :25:57. | |
Lords in the heart of hearts are trying to frustrate the process. | :25:58. | :26:01. | |
They have given themselves the power to veto a to veto leaving without a | :26:02. | :26:06. | |
deal, essentially what they want is to keep us in and this respect the | :26:07. | :26:12. | |
vote. There is a bit of a puzzle, they said they want to be able to | :26:13. | :26:17. | |
veto a non-deal or deal, it could end up just in a twilight zone. | :26:18. | :26:22. | |
Actually the House of Lords cannot do a veto, they can scrutinise and | :26:23. | :26:25. | |
give their opinion but they cannot actually veto something. But if we | :26:26. | :26:31. | |
get back, I do not understand why there's so much of this argument | :26:32. | :26:35. | |
about holding up Brexit because it is the Prime Minister and the | :26:36. | :26:38. | |
government holding up Brexit. Just putting these one is morally right | :26:39. | :26:43. | |
and the other is common sense to have a parliamentary safety net. Put | :26:44. | :26:48. | |
both in and stop the ping-pong between the houses, trigger Article | :26:49. | :26:50. | |
50 and get on with complex negotiations. It is government | :26:51. | :26:56. | |
itself holding up this process. EU nationals, I entirely sympathise | :26:57. | :26:59. | |
with the sentiment of the amendment, but this is not the vehicle to deal | :27:00. | :27:03. | |
with this question. It has to be dealt with by laterally as part of | :27:04. | :27:08. | |
negotiations. It makes the end of the process unmanageable, if the | :27:09. | :27:13. | |
executive does not have the power to save this is the deal or we walk out | :27:14. | :27:17. | |
which is effectively what Theresa May wants to be able to do this | :27:18. | :27:22. | |
right with the amendment this evening a key defect is that it | :27:23. | :27:26. | |
seeks to prevent the Prime Minister from deciding the deal on the table | :27:27. | :27:29. | |
is not good enough and I will go back recommending leaving without a | :27:30. | :27:34. | |
deal. Not being able to walk away from negotiations means that Europe | :27:35. | :27:39. | |
has you over a barrel. I'm afraid we need to leave it there. That is the | :27:40. | :27:43. | |
nub of the argument that has been raging on. Thank you both. | :27:44. | :27:45. | |
Well, austerity may have been pushed out of the headlines lately, | :27:46. | :27:48. | |
but anyone working in a local authority knows that cuts to council | :27:49. | :27:51. | |
So to help get us all in the mood for tomorrow's Budget, | :27:52. | :27:55. | |
we embedded Katie Razzall with Cumbria County Council - | :27:56. | :27:59. | |
one of those hoping for a sliver of help from the Chancellor. | :28:00. | :28:12. | |
We are in uncharted territory, really, for local government. | :28:13. | :28:22. | |
Sparsely populated, flood-prone Cumbria. | :28:23. | :28:24. | |
A county where cuts now threaten real upset, | :28:25. | :28:29. | |
I think local government is experiencing an existential crisis. | :28:30. | :28:40. | |
In Cumbria, what we're looking at really is what I would | :28:41. | :28:43. | |
Stuart Young is the leader of Cumbria County Council. | :28:44. | :28:47. | |
I joined him this morning at the start of his day. | :28:48. | :28:50. | |
A Labour politician at the helm as the eighth year | :28:51. | :28:53. | |
We have already had to make ?198 million worth of savings since 2010. | :28:54. | :29:03. | |
If there is anything that keeps me awake at night, | :29:04. | :29:08. | |
it is, how are we going to find the rest of those savings? | :29:09. | :29:11. | |
Whilst protecting services as much as we possibly can. | :29:12. | :29:14. | |
The council must cut another ?52 million in the next three years. | :29:15. | :29:22. | |
An accountant by trade, for Mr Young, the numbers no longer add up. | :29:23. | :29:26. | |
He agreed to allow Newsnight to accompany him to work | :29:27. | :29:34. | |
where the Labour group run the County Council in a coalition | :29:35. | :29:36. | |
Adult social care is now the largest part of our budget. | :29:37. | :29:43. | |
I mean, obviously, like everywhere else, people are living longer. | :29:44. | :29:46. | |
The problems are not just in social care. | :29:47. | :29:50. | |
And the Council has already made cuts across the board, | :29:51. | :29:53. | |
This is our first proper meeting, I guess. | :29:54. | :30:08. | |
The Government wants local authorities to | :30:09. | :30:09. | |
At the moment, it plans to stop its funding grant | :30:10. | :30:13. | |
I think officers are really keen to see what emerges tomorrow | :30:14. | :30:17. | |
It is meeting after meeting for the leader. | :30:18. | :30:26. | |
This with the Councillor in charge of adult social care, | :30:27. | :30:29. | |
which costs the authority around ?200 million a year. | :30:30. | :30:34. | |
I think it is biting everyday now when a new referral comes | :30:35. | :30:37. | |
Can you keep providing a good service to people | :30:38. | :30:40. | |
I think the answer to that has to be no. | :30:41. | :30:49. | |
When you've got demand growing year-on-year. | :30:50. | :30:54. | |
There has to be a limit on how much you can take out without it | :30:55. | :30:57. | |
being clearly felt by the recipients of that service. | :30:58. | :31:02. | |
You can tell someone tall has been here, Joyce! | :31:03. | :31:04. | |
She is only able to stay in her own home with the help | :31:05. | :31:23. | |
I can get to the cooker, but I can't reach it. | :31:24. | :31:30. | |
So they do my meals, so I find it about right four times a day. | :31:31. | :31:37. | |
What does it mean to you to have this care? | :31:38. | :31:40. | |
I would probably have to go into permanent care otherwise. | :31:41. | :31:51. | |
I think it's terrible that the cutting is happening. | :31:52. | :31:56. | |
My mum and dad, what if they don't get care, I can't imagine no one | :31:57. | :32:00. | |
getting the standard of care that we give to our clients. | :32:01. | :32:03. | |
Joyce, are you OK if I go through your care plan and just | :32:04. | :32:06. | |
Heather runs one of the companies contracted | :32:07. | :32:08. | |
You have male and female carers, and you're happy with all of them? | :32:09. | :32:16. | |
If you think about it, they haven't got anything I want, | :32:17. | :32:21. | |
and I haven't got anything they want any more! | :32:22. | :32:23. | |
The council here is putting up council tax, in part to raise | :32:24. | :32:27. | |
But in these rural counties, it's more expensive to provide. | :32:28. | :32:38. | |
The council is keeping its cards close to its chest ahead | :32:39. | :32:42. | |
But not everyone agrees crisis point is upon them. | :32:43. | :32:45. | |
When we were in control, we saved ?55 million | :32:46. | :32:47. | |
There was a lot of fat there to be cut. | :32:48. | :32:51. | |
And this administration, this current administration has | :32:52. | :32:58. | |
wasted millions upon millions of pounds worth of taxpayers' money. | :32:59. | :33:01. | |
So there's still money out there to be found, | :33:02. | :33:03. | |
I think as we look forward to the next three years | :33:04. | :33:11. | |
and possibly beyond, I think many of us are | :33:12. | :33:13. | |
wondering really where this is all going to end. | :33:14. | :33:15. | |
I think local government is experiencing an existential crisis. | :33:16. | :33:21. | |
And it is difficult to see how some of the services | :33:22. | :33:24. | |
are going to survive at all in the face | :33:25. | :33:26. | |
We are briefly going to go back to the breaking news is that we | :33:27. | :33:41. | |
mentioned earlier that Michael has so kind has been sacked as a | :33:42. | :33:45. | |
Government adviser after rebelling on the Brexit vote. Why did they do | :33:46. | :33:52. | |
it, Nick? The man who brought down Britain's first woman Prime Minister | :33:53. | :33:56. | |
has just been sacked by Britain's second woman Prime Minister! He had | :33:57. | :34:01. | |
five jobs, apparently. They are absolutely determined that this | :34:02. | :34:05. | |
bill, which Michael has all kinds or to amend, must emerge completely | :34:06. | :34:12. | |
clean. -- had sought to amend. If there were any weaknesses to be | :34:13. | :34:17. | |
exploited by our negotiating partners, and we can turn to the son | :34:18. | :34:21. | |
of an old ally of Michael has all-time was Mike, Robin Walker, the | :34:22. | :34:27. | |
son of the Peter Walker, he is saying that if as the lords did | :34:28. | :34:31. | |
tonight you will allow Parliament to have the right to veto the bill, | :34:32. | :34:35. | |
that would create all sorts of problems that would be exploited by | :34:36. | :34:36. | |
Michel Barnier. And tonight, we have the young Dutch | :34:37. | :34:38. | |
writer, Rutger Bregman to offer us an optimistic take | :34:39. | :34:42. | |
on the state of humankind. He's a man with a lot of ideas - | :34:43. | :34:44. | |
the writer of a book called Utopia for Realists, | :34:45. | :34:47. | |
we'll speak to him It's time to assume | :34:48. | :34:49. | |
the good in each other. I've got two minutes | :34:50. | :34:56. | |
to remind you of the most If you start paying attention, | :34:57. | :34:59. | |
you see it everywhere. Rutger Bregman, author | :35:00. | :36:59. | |
of Utopia for Realists. The book reflects his optimistic | :37:00. | :37:02. | |
take - but is a kind of manifesto It suggests a much | :37:03. | :37:05. | |
shorter working week, and a basic income - | :37:06. | :37:11. | |
paid to everyone, That's the Utopia bit, | :37:12. | :37:13. | |
less clear on the realism. Is it? Well, I suppose on the basic | :37:14. | :37:29. | |
income, a lot of people have tried to make it work and do the maths on | :37:30. | :37:34. | |
it. You have to leave it so low that you leave a lot of people very poor, | :37:35. | :37:39. | |
or so high that you can't afford it. I don't think so. Basic income is | :37:40. | :37:43. | |
the least radical of the ideas in my book. We have a lot of evidence from | :37:44. | :37:49. | |
the 70s, in Canada they did an experiment for four years, they | :37:50. | :37:52. | |
found that people got healthier, and didn't quit their jobs. People have | :37:53. | :37:57. | |
a lot of objections. It was a town near Winnipeg. It was subsidised | :37:58. | :38:03. | |
from the outside, that one. It wasn't self financing. The | :38:04. | :38:06. | |
government paid for the basic income. As soon as you have a system | :38:07. | :38:10. | |
where there isn't an outsider, you know, a Martian to come in and pay | :38:11. | :38:14. | |
for it all, it is very different, isn't it? I don't think so. If you | :38:15. | :38:23. | |
look at poverty, for example. It is hugely expensive, in terms of higher | :38:24. | :38:25. | |
health care spending, crime, high dropout rates. A study in the US | :38:26. | :38:29. | |
found that it costs about $500 billion, just child poverty, and it | :38:30. | :38:34. | |
will cost us billions to eradicate poverty completely. It is easier to | :38:35. | :38:38. | |
get rid of it and keep on combating it. You are giving me a subsidy but | :38:39. | :38:44. | |
I don't need one. But you are paying for it, don't worry! Then you have | :38:45. | :38:49. | |
very high taxes, and people like me might say, why am I giving this | :38:50. | :38:55. | |
money and paying an 80% tax rate? That is why nobody has ever done it. | :38:56. | :38:59. | |
People have really looked at it and they have come very close. Many | :39:00. | :39:06. | |
people see this as a leftist idea. Milton Friedman, the neoliberal | :39:07. | :39:09. | |
economist, was in favour of this. The right-wing government in Finland | :39:10. | :39:14. | |
is experimenting with it right now. A Conservative senator in Canada is | :39:15. | :39:17. | |
proposing another experiment. Another experiment is going on in | :39:18. | :39:22. | |
Kenya Rednall. Especially after 2016, we need new ideas. That | :39:23. | :39:30. | |
everybody agrees with. We have a lot of evidence from experiments that it | :39:31. | :39:33. | |
is effective, efficient, and we use the money very well. Health care | :39:34. | :39:37. | |
costs go down. Slightly narrower experiments that don't necessarily | :39:38. | :39:40. | |
pay for themselves. You are proposing a 15 hour week as well. | :39:41. | :39:45. | |
That makes it doubly hard to pay for my basic income, because we are all | :39:46. | :39:50. | |
going to be working half as much. I think we need to completely redefine | :39:51. | :39:55. | |
woodworker actually is. So nowadays, according to a recent poll, -- what | :39:56. | :40:00. | |
work actually is. 70% of British workers think that they have a job | :40:01. | :40:06. | |
but doesn't need to exist. It is a waste of time, money and energy. | :40:07. | :40:12. | |
What is going on here that you know, a 28-year-old. Piazon, note that | :40:13. | :40:16. | |
these jobs are not needed. It is not me saying that -- a 28-year-old | :40:17. | :40:21. | |
Dutch person know that these jobs are not needed. Somebody is saying, | :40:22. | :40:26. | |
I'm going to employ these people because it is going to make me or my | :40:27. | :40:30. | |
company money or my country rich. Why do you think we have a huge | :40:31. | :40:35. | |
financial sector? They don't create any well. We have so much energy and | :40:36. | :40:40. | |
talent being wasted right now. What are the bankers going to do? And | :40:41. | :40:43. | |
what is the process where you are going to work out what they are | :40:44. | :40:47. | |
doing? What is the mechanism, is its central planning or a market? If it | :40:48. | :40:53. | |
is a market, they will go straight back into banking. These ideas go | :40:54. | :40:57. | |
through the political divide lying between the left and the right. The | :40:58. | :41:00. | |
left doesn't trust people to make their own choices, and the right | :41:01. | :41:03. | |
things that people have to be forced into work or something else. I think | :41:04. | :41:07. | |
people know perfectly well what to do with their lives. We are not | :41:08. | :41:12. | |
going to live in a big giant commune. What is the bankers going | :41:13. | :41:16. | |
to do, and what is the process going to tell him what to do? It is | :41:17. | :41:21. | |
interesting, you get the stories in magazines, you have got a very rich | :41:22. | :41:24. | |
guy who might decide to quit his job and do what he really wants to. We | :41:25. | :41:29. | |
see it as coming he is a hero coming he's going to do what he really | :41:30. | :41:32. | |
wants to do. What I'm proposing is in a society where that's just | :41:33. | :41:37. | |
completely natural, where we are all trying to contribute in our own way | :41:38. | :41:40. | |
and do what we actually want to do. And that is why it is called Utopia | :41:41. | :41:41. | |
for Realists. Thank you very much. I'm back tomorrow, | :41:42. | :41:45. | |
which is of course Budget Day. Hello. A spell of rain tonight will | :41:46. | :42:05. | |
clear many parts of the UK tomorrow but by no means | :42:06. | :42:06. |