22/12/2015 Outside Source


22/12/2015

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Welcome to Outside Source. It is an hour of international news. We are

:00:15.:00:20.

going to start in Iraq. The Army is trying to recapture Ramadi from

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so-called Islamic State. We will talk to a journalist who is just

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back. This is a big moment for the space industry, a rocket launch

:00:30.:00:34.

landing back on Earth. If that can be repeated, it will radically cut

:00:35.:00:39.

the cost of some space operations. We will get into why Apple isn't

:00:40.:00:44.

happy with the planned law on surveillance and we will talk to BBC

:00:45.:00:49.

Chinese about a series of disasters in China caused by human error, the

:00:50.:00:53.

latest being an enormous landslide on Sunday. Over 70 people are

:00:54.:00:57.

missing. If you are watching and online at the same time, you can use

:00:58.:01:01.

this hashtag. We will pick up your messages.

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This is arguably the single biggest most important message against

:01:19.:01:24.

Islamic State at the moment. He is update from the breaking feed on

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Twitter, telling us that Iraqi forces are advancing into the centre

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of the city of Ramadi, trying to take it from Islamic State,

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according to Iraqi officials. Ramadi has been in control of my S --

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control of IS since May. It is a key transit point for Islamic State

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fighters and it is close to the capital, Baghdad. Retaking it is

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going to be particularly complicated because a large number of civilians

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have continued to live there. The areas in blue are being contested at

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the moment between the army and IS but the areas marked in red are

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still controlled by Islamic State. The job is far from done. Ayman

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Oghanna is a journalist just back from Ramadi full Vice News. We will

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hear from him in a moment. Iraqi special forces have moved to take

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the whole west of the city. Now all that separates them is the river.

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Right now, with a sniper team exchanging fire with Isis. He spent

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six days in Ramadi and got back on Thursday. I have been talking to him

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about what the Iraqi army have to do to get IS out of the city. The areas

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I was in was a bit less complicated because they were not heavily

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populated. IS have been preventing civilians from leaving the areas

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they are operating in now, which will make it more difficult.

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Earlier, Iraqi security forces were reliant on intense air strikes and

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civilians being in there makes it more difficult for air strikes. I

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was watching the latest report and you filmed one bit where the people

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you are with our calling in air strikes. It looked like the

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operation was well oiled. The people on the ground said that a big

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difference was Russian intervention in Syria earlier this year, leading

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to a dramatic, notable increase in coalition support, US support,

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supporting them on the ground. The people you were with were not the

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Iraqi army. They were special forces, also known as the golden

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division. They are a nonsectarian unit, with Sunni, Shia, Kurdish and

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Christian commanders. While this will be a big victory for the

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Iraqis, it will be the first they will have done since IS into the

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country without Shia militia supporting them. That is because

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this unit is so close to the US and is a nonsectarian unit. It is a city

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which is very difficult to report from. What would you share with all

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of us about it? What is it like their under IS control and under

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this military pressure? The areas I saw were different from the ones we

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are talking about now because there were not many civilians. IS have

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been preventing civilians leaving where they want to go now. Ramadi,

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unlike other places, like Sinjar,, the Iraqis are fighting the city.

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The resistance there is local. Ramadi people are fighting and

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resisting. They always have. They resisted the US, Saddam Hussein

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found it difficult. It will not be easy. There are a large number of

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home-made IEDs, home-made explosives. Lots of booby traps,

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things to slow them down. And also huge piles of medication. They had

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quite sophisticated combat outposts with flying positions and tunnels so

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they could avoid air strikes, leading to a field hospital and

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quite sophisticated operations. Some of the military commanders I was

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with were impressed and said, they are operating how I would operate.

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There seems to be some military expertise and background among some

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of the IS fighters. Much is said about the fact that Islamic State or

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a different kind of enemy but your impression of what some of its

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fighters left behind, did it look like a different enemy or did it

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look recognisably like a regulation military force? Ten years ago,

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Ramadi was the capital of Al-Qaeda leader in Iraq, and that went on to

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become IS, so there is a continuity between them. They are operating in

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a way which a conventional force would. What makes them different is

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that they use terrorism is a battlefield weapon, which is very

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effective if you have an armoured car driving towards you full of

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explosives. If one gets through, that can do a lot of damage. If you

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would like to see his full report from Ramadi, just put Ramadi and

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Vice News into any search engine. Let's turn to a really big milestone

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for the private space industry. Elon Musk is one of the world's

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best-known tech entrepreneurs. Space company. He is a tweet from his

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earlier, saying that his Falcon rocket has landed at Cape Canaveral

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and he says, welcome back, baby. He is referring to this, it is the

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first time his company has successfully landed a space rocket

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after a mission. In the middle of that orange glow, that is what is

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happening. If they can pull this off on a regular basis, it will bring

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down the cost of running operations to the International Space Station,

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which relies on a steady stream of supplies. If you want to understand

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the customer locations of this, the German tech journalist Stefan

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Doerner put this online earlier. The rocket costs in the region of $54

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million to build but it will only cost $200,000 to refuel. If that is

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now an option. Spacex has released a graphic explaining what it does. We

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can pull it up. The graphic is good. Try not to be distracted by the fact

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that the rocket is a pencil and the Empire State Building also features!

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Here it is taking off. The rocket goes up into the air and reaches the

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point that Spacex calls stage separation. It has two engines,

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stage one to do the heavy lifting to the outer parts of the atmosphere,

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stage two after the separation when it goes deeper into space. The key

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thing is what happens to the IS it. Play it a bit more and you will see

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it performing what it is calling a flip manoeuvre. It is calling it a

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flip manoeuvre because the same thruster that pushed it up into the

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air then helps it come back down to earth and to land safely. The Empire

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State Building doesn't help the understanding, but let's not dwell

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on that. Spacex isn't the first company to pull off this trip.

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Amazon founder Jeff Bezos doesn't tweet very often, this is his fifth

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ever, clearly he feels it is important, and he says,

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congratulations to Spacex, welcome to the club. The point he is trying

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to make is not just that he is already in the club but that he sees

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himself as its founding member, because last month his company

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landed a rocket. This is what the Blue Origin New Shepherd rockets did

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last month. It is smaller, didn't go as high, didn't perform a flip

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manoeuvre, but nonetheless impressive. Here is the Spacex

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Falcon coming down. Spacex has a $1.6 billion contract with Nasa and

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big government contracts are what both of these companies are

:09:14.:09:18.

interested in. Let's get the analysis from Gerry Gilmore,

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professor of experimental philosophy at Cambridge university. Here is his

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reaction to the videos I have shown you. Space is big business. There

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are maybe 100 launches per year around the world in rockets and a

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bunch of different sizes. The key goal is for commercial operators to

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take over from governments and make a profit on these things.

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They could in principle give people a commercial advantage, which is the

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Gulf War. Space is a multi-hundred billion dollar industry every year

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and growing very fast. This is potentially big business. Most

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rockets launched by the Russians. The Chinese and Americans next equal

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roughly. Then there is the Europeans, then Japan, not far

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behind, and India is coming on. A lot of agencies around the world are

:10:55.:10:59.

in this business. But it is a commercial business and they can

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drop their costs by 25% and also reduce waste, which is a nontrivial

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deal. So everybody is going for that commercial advantage. If you were

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watching yesterday, we reported on that awful landslide in China on

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Sunday. In a few minutes, we will update you on what is happening with

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Here in the UK, some homes and businesses in Cumbria have flooded

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for the third time this month after more heavy rain. The river Eden

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burst its banks in the village of Appleby, more than 20 flood warnings

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in place. The situation is we have had about

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30 homes affected, five persons evacuated from a premises.

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Thankfully it stopped raining and the water levels are now hopefully

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starting to subside. So hopefully we will start to have some normality.

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Green the second time in two weeks, you were in Carlisle hoping --

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happen with the efforts there. Yes, it is very sad this has happened

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again. The residents of Appleby have been devastated by these

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floodwaters, particularly at this time of the year, it is very sad.

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We are live here in the BBC newsroom, our lead story at the

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moment, the Iraqi government forces are advancing into the centre of

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Ramadi, a city held by the so-called Islamic state. Some of the main

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stories from BBC World Service. A chartered aircraft carrying Indian

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security staff has crashed in Delhi, killing all ten people on board. The

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fire in Sao Paulo has destroyed parts of an historic 19th-century

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railway station, which now houses a popular museum. One fireman was

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killed in the blaze. BBC Brasil has the detail. Passengers have been

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rescued after being stuck on this ride in the world, Florida. It

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malfunctioned, evidently. They were there for two hours, far from ideal,

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given that it is 122 metres tall. Fortunately everyone got out safely.

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Next, we have a come session you will want to hear, our chief

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international respondent has been speaking to the Pakistani activist

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who became world famous after being attacked by the Caliban. We are also

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going to hear from someone who met Moala in a Jordanian refugee camp

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last year. They became friends and here they are together.

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The biggest news is her family are being resettled here in Newcastle, a

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long way from Syria. It was the happiest moment of my

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life. The happiest moment

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was when I heard Muzoon was here. I remember seeing the refugee

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camp and the situation Everything is difficult

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but I will work hard on my problems At any time and place,

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I will fight for education. Both of you have been watching how

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hundreds of thousands of refugees, migrants, a lot of them Syrians

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are fleeing towards Europe. Some of us could not understand it

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because we have not If you think of what is happening

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in Syria, those people If we are not welcoming to them,

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if these countries are not welcoming to them, then these people have

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nowhere to live. If every country, for example,

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decides to take 50,000 and there are 80 countries

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at the decide, I took a calculator and said -

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this is how many refugees are there. If each country take 50,000

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or 25,000 this number can divide. Malala was in Jordan this summer

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to visit Muzoon in her refugee camp. The teenager who urged parents

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to educate their daughters, A third of marriages in these camps

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now include a child bride. More people in the camp stop

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education and they think education not important and more parents

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they think because they customs and traditions they think

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when I will marry my daughter Is the problem

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getting worse? Now that they're both in Britain,

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they'll work more closely on their new project to educate

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Syrian girls. There is also a lot

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of homework to finish. Let's go back to that landslide in

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southern China. We were talking about this yesterday, an awful

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events. These are some of the latest pictures that we have. We know one

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person has died. When I tell you that more are 70 people missing,

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unfortunately it is almost certain that the death toll will rise. This

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happened on Sunday. A huge heap of soil and Dave Greig slid across an

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industrial park, but this is far from the first disaster that has

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been caused by human error there in June, a ship sank in the Yangtze

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river and 442 people died. Another significant story that we covered in

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August, massive explosions in Tianjin, 173 people dying. It is

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possible to see these incidents as part of a broader problem in China.

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I will be talking to BBC Chinese about whether that is a widely held

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perception. If you track social media reactions, people are

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demanding accountability. Looking back for this year, a series of

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man-made disasters. For these specifics, the latest one in

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Tianjin, because the heap of soil had been put there for over a year,

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and previously the environmental agency and even surveyors questioned

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whether that was the right place to dump all the dirt and debris.

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Obviously it has fallen on deaf ears, no action was taken and now

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the public are just asking how much more -- how many more lives will be

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lost before action is taken. The government may be forced to take

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action by the legal service, but does it take action in terms of

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regulation? If you look at previous disasters, we can see that

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high-ranking officers were sacked, but obviously that didn't cure the

:18:47.:18:51.

problem. China faces rapid economic growth. That is the key criteria for

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local government officials, for their promotion, for their

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achievements, they will be judged on their own career. But the potential

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hazard has probably been swept under the carpet, and it has exploded down

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the road, and we have seen there is growing awareness from the Chinese

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public asking for the respect of life, so there is a growing

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awareness. The Chinese public are aware of that but how much

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culpability for the local government to take actions and heed orders from

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Beijing, that is still a question. But the public is getting impatient

:19:34.:19:38.

in a way, asking how many more lives will be lost. Time for business.

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There are concerns Apple has about a proposed law in the UK which will

:19:46.:19:51.

change how authorities access people's communication. It is called

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the investigatory Powers Bill, and encryption is one of the most

:19:56.:20:00.

important parts. Let me enlist the help of Michel flurry in New York.

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First of all, what is Apple and other companies doing with

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encryption? One of the things that companies offer is encryption so,

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for example, and your iPhone, on your tablet computer, many of those

:20:16.:20:21.

use encryption. If you sent an e-mail, it is very hard for somebody

:20:22.:20:27.

else to get access to the data. In fact, the technology that most

:20:28.:20:31.

companies in Silicon Valley use these days means that even the

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company itself has no access to the data. What British authorities want

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is for a back door to be created that would allow intelligence

:20:40.:20:45.

services the ability to kind of get access to encrypted messages. But

:20:46.:20:49.

the concern, at least from the point of view of Apple, is that this would

:20:50.:20:54.

weaken security for millions of people. When you say it would weaken

:20:55.:20:59.

it, that means that, if I was using encrypted messages but the new back

:21:00.:21:02.

door was put in, somebody might want to hack or to access that, they

:21:03.:21:08.

would find it easier? It is simple, if you are a hacker, you will focus

:21:09.:21:13.

on whatever is the point of weakness. So if a back door is

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created, the idea is, well, if that can be used for security to be

:21:19.:21:22.

accessed, what is to stop them from finding a way to break through that

:21:23.:21:26.

way? That is the argument Apple are using. There is another argument you

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could put forward, which is that it raises privacy issues and worries.

:21:31.:21:36.

In the meantime, other big times in Silicon Valley, like Microsoft, are

:21:37.:21:40.

saying, hang on a second, wouldn't we benefit from an international

:21:41.:21:44.

approach rather than having individual countries trying to

:21:45.:21:49.

discover -- develop different approaches? It is worth adding that

:21:50.:21:54.

those who support this proposed bill in the UK argue that it is necessary

:21:55.:21:58.

to provide security measures to keep everybody safe. As you may have

:21:59.:22:01.

noticed, we have a big Christmas tree. Every Christmas, there is a

:22:02.:22:07.

tension -- a tension between shops and online retailers. Some

:22:08.:22:11.

businesses try and sit on both sides of the divide but not all of them

:22:12.:22:15.

can manage it. It's an interesting report from Spencer Kelly all about

:22:16.:22:20.

one shop which is trying to learn from Amazon, eBay and the others.

:22:21.:22:25.

The Dandy lab in trendy east London may look like an ordinary posh shop,

:22:26.:22:29.

but it is also an actual laboratory for testing the latest shopping

:22:30.:22:36.

tech. I'm sure that stores in the street want to be able to do what

:22:37.:22:40.

online shops do and to offer us targeted products at every

:22:41.:22:44.

opportunity, but, in order to target more, they need to know more about

:22:45.:22:50.

the target. Take a look at this. I note shops are interested in

:22:51.:22:53.

football but here, when you walk in, you are walking in is analysed.

:22:54.:23:00.

Apparently, our shoes say a lot about us. Heels, trainers, shoe

:23:01.:23:06.

size, just some of the features this software is looking for. At the

:23:07.:23:10.

moment, it can figure out the number of shoppers coming in, their gender

:23:11.:23:13.

and whether they are coming in on their own or with family. Once you

:23:14.:23:17.

know who is walking past, here is what you can do. You can change your

:23:18.:23:22.

shop window to greet them, which is very cool. This is a real shop

:23:23.:23:28.

display, with real objects but, in front of it, there is a transparent

:23:29.:23:35.

LCD screen. This is just a normal LCD and they have ripped the

:23:36.:23:38.

backlight off it and replaced it with a white box with stuff in it.

:23:39.:23:43.

You can change this display depending on the time of day or who

:23:44.:23:48.

is walking past. In Spain, the Christmas lottery, El

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Gordo, has been drawn. This is the world's richest lottery with prizes

:23:56.:24:01.

totalling ?2.41 billion. -- two 41 cents billion. If you are watching

:24:02.:24:10.

on BBC world news in Spain, I hope it has worked out for you.

:24:11.:24:17.

It is the world's richest lottery with a total prize money of $2.41

:24:18.:24:25.

billion. After a three-hour wait, the biggest ticket number, worth

:24:26.:24:32.

$431,000, was announced to cheers from the Madrid audience. It is

:24:33.:24:37.

going to be a bumper Christmas for the town -- this town in the

:24:38.:24:45.

province of Almeria. Almost all 1600 winning tickets were sold there, a

:24:46.:24:50.

windfall of more than $700 million for local residents. I was watching

:24:51.:24:55.

the television and, all of a sudden, I said to myself, I'm going to

:24:56.:24:59.

switch it off because I won't win. My number came up and I was stunned!

:25:00.:25:05.

Like other lotteries, -- unlike other lotteries, tickets cost $220

:25:06.:25:12.

so whole villages, groups of co-workers and friends chip in.

:25:13.:25:18.

Spain's Christmas lottery, called El Gordo all the big one, is a

:25:19.:25:22.

long-standing tradition which began in 1812 and is hugely popular. Three

:25:23.:25:26.

quarters of the population bought a ticket this year. Thousands of other

:25:27.:25:32.

within -- other winning numbers were drawn from prizes, making it a

:25:33.:25:36.

Christmas tradition that many in Spain can't afford to miss.

:25:37.:25:43.

Good luck if you are in that drawer. A couple of stories we will be

:25:44.:25:48.

covering in the next half. The ongoing problems in Helmand province

:25:49.:25:51.

in the south of Afghanistan. That was the base for many British troops

:25:52.:25:56.

for some time. We will also talk about new US Visa restrictions.

:25:57.:26:09.

Hello. If you are planning to spend Christmas in New York on the ski

:26:10.:26:14.

slopes of Europe, you will want

:26:15.:26:16.

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