26/09/2016 Outside Source

I am Ross Atkins, welcome to outside source, and how of international

news and we begin in the US because in a few hours' time Hillary Clinton

and Donald Trump face each other in the first presidential debate. We

are going to be live in a moment, if you have got questions for them,

send them in. We will also be live in Colombia with Lyse Doucet ahead

of the government and the Fat rebel signing a deal. It will end over 50

years of conflict. The UN says that conditions in Aleppo have reached

new levels of horror. We will also be in Johannesburg to hear about

efforts to save this animal, the pangolin. It is the most trafficked

mammal in the world. And if you have got questions on any of the stories

we are covering, you can use the hashtag, for all of your comments

that we will come straight to. So it is Hillary Clinton is, the

first presidential debate is always a big occasion, certainly Donald

Trump's approach to politics means that in a sense we are going into

unknown territory but the format is very familiar, we can see the

first-ever televised presidential debate, years ago, a confident John

F. Kennedy, against a nervous and sweaty Richard Nixon, Kennedy won

the debate and he went on to win the election, the next example, 1984, of

Reagan against Walter Mondale, Ronald Reagan, had an attack line,

that Mondale was inexperienced and he went on to hit the election

again. We got a gaffe in 1976, Gerald Ford, insisted the Soviets

were not interfering in eastern Europe, of course they were, hugely

damaging for him and he went on to lose not just the debate but the

election to Jimmy Carter. Another interesting example is not just the

content but it is the tone and style, Al Gore against George Bush,

Al Gore was mocked, for dismissing George Bush and at one stage she

walked towards Mr Bush during one of his responses and that did not go

down well at all. So there's an awful lot for the candidates to

think about, these debates do not always matter but they have a

potential to make a real difference. This one is in a university in New

York state, I'm delighted to say that both of our correspondence to

guide us through the politics with us. We have somebody in UK is

saying, what are the expectations of the two campaigns? The expectations

are huge, we are thinking 100 million people will be watching this

debate so that is a lot of American viewers and people still have to

make up their minds. I been speaking to senior members of the Clinton

campaign and they say that they are preparing for a Donald Trump who is

gracious, respectful and mild mannered, they also pointed out that

is probably the hardest Donald Trump for Hillary Clinton to take on? That

is true, Donald Trump knows how to behave,

he did on the same stage as the Mexican president but the question

is can he keep it up for 90 minutes, this is going to be an endurance

test, he's going to have to stay on message even though he doesn't have

the same policy chops, but can he keep repeating that without seeming

to be superficial and will he make mistakes in the last few minutes.

The stakes are huge. Correct me if I'm wrong but that is 90 minutes

long, the criticism of Donald Trump has always been, even if you agree

with him, he makes bit persuasive arguments but he's not great

necessarily on policy detail and he will have two shift that a little

bit? Yes remember he has done a lot of debating in the primaries but at

the beginning he was starting off over 17 people, that meant that he

only actually had to speak for six or seven minutes and I think that is

a big difference? That two and a half hour debating California, you

could see Donald Trump getting more tired and frustrated the later it

got into the debate. He was not used to that kind of pressure for that

extended period of time, it is only 90 minutes but 90 minutes under the

spotlight and you have to respond everyone two minutes, that is a lot

of time for Donald Trump to have to stay on his game. Hillary Clinton

has done this before, she has been a high profile debates before in the

Senate and also in 2008 so she has a bit more experience but she has been

under the weather, she has suffered from pneumonia and is recovering,

she may have a problem. Yes like my hair which is blowing away. The hot

air comes to night. That may well be, one other thing, let us talk

about the general situation, spending a couple of hours reading

about this, you cannot struggle to find liberal journalist politicians

and, taters who suddenly are saying, my goodness, this really could

happen, Clinton could really lose. Is there a sense that the stakes are

that high? We have had the polls tightening, coming out today in some

of those key battle ground states, Pennsylvania and Colorado which the

Clinton campaign and Democrats have been putting in the Democrat column.

But the Clinton campaign staff that I'm speaking to today, I do know is

they are trying to sound bullish, they are saying that the internal

polls, are not nearly as bad as those public polls and they say they

are still sounding pretty confident. The polls show a tightening race but

what they really show is that there are a lot of undecided people who

are leaning towards third-party candidates. Both candidates are in

the low 40s which leaves about 18% of the electorate who may be being

towards a third-party candidate or maybe for Hillary Clinton right

after hurricane veg and have backed away when some of the stories about

the foundation and the e-mails have come out. A lot of people will watch

this a lot more with an open mind, who could be swayed one way or

another tonight. Just very quickly, whether people are watching it in

the UK or around the world, they can see it live on the BBC, we have

talked about it generally, run me through the specifics? So it starts

in exactly four rows of time, 90 minutes, no breaks, -- four hours'

time. No breaks for the bathroom or powder your nose, it is divided into

six different sections, three major themes, one is about the economy and

national security. They are very vague so a lot is going to be on

Leicester halt the moderator's shoulders for how he is going to

have his shoulders? There will be a couple of minutes from each

candidate and then they will beat abating, the back and forth. Thank

you very much for being with us, and of course you will see them later

Ron on the BBC. As we dissect what has happened. From the US to

Colombia. What a date has been for Colombians. In a few hours' time,

the clumsy and is and the FARC rebel group will sign a peace treaty and

they will take another huge step towards ending a civil war that has

lasted for over years. This ceremony today is going to happen, in the

north of Colombia. I should emphasise that Colombians are going

to vote on the deal. For many of them, this conflict has lasted their

entire lives. Here are some statistics illustrate how profoundly

this has affected Colombia. Well covering misses the BBC chief

international correspondent is Lyse Doucet. Who's live for us from car

to Jena. The challenge of reintegrating, the FARC in society

is huge. Is there anything that is like the South Africans had. Like

the truth and reconciliation commission? Yes it is interesting,

they have drawn on that with their own reconciliation process and they

have looked at other peace processes, poor example the Northern

Ireland peace deal. The lessons from the negotiating process to try and

reach a deal, this is a very Colombian deal, unprecedented. In

fact the first time in all of Latin America, a peace deal that doesn't

give an amnesty but the kind of justice given is kind of

controversial. As we listen to the choir behind us practice for the

ceremony which will take place in a queue hours' time, we are joined by

the peace commissioner and one of the top negotiators for the

Colombian government. You have worked very long and hard for this

day? How does it feel? Li it feels like I have got a big black piano

off my back because I had been working on this for six years, we

did a year and a half back channelling, six months of secret

negotiations and then four years of public in Havana. Obviously

implementation is the main thing but at least we have got the deal done.

When you sat across the table from FARC, what did you feel. This is

Colombia's biggest enemy? Well yes, but you have to for a negotiation to

work you have to be very Serena and patient, and leave your emotions

aside and have a lot of control and clarity about where you want to go

and that is what we try to do. Does it bother you, so many including two

former president say that they will reject the deal, it is letting FARC

get away with it? While the prosecutor of the International, the

court said that she was pleased that crimes will be investigated and they

are looking at what we are doing. So is the international community and

the High Commissioner of the human rights and they are right, because

this is the first time in a negotiation between a government and

a gorilla, we have said that there are certain crimes that cannot have

an amnesty that need to be investigated and prosecuted. But it

is not the only thing that will happen, it is a transition to peace,

so you need a truth commission, reparations, for the disappeared and

it is a truly comprehensive approach. What was the toughest

issue, that at one point you may have thought it will not work? The

justice issue, because if you really want to clarify what happened, for

the justice, you have to go to those most responsible. Those most

responsible are the guys sitting across the table for you so for them

it is not exactly easy. At the same time those other guys were going to

lead the political transition so it is truly an exercise of squaring the

circle, we did the best that we we did the best that can be done and

the challenges now the implementation. What is the biggest

challenge to you think? It is a very demanding system, putting on a

reconciliation commission is very demanding, you need to wrestle with

the nature of society. These tribunal 's internationally are very

costly, we need to do it in a national manner so that it doesn't

suck up all the resorts is. -- in a rational manner. And the victims

need to feel that it is right, and we have seen that FARC has started

to apologise. I was in a very important meeting two weeks ago,

with the families of victims that were kidnapped and then assassinated

by the FARC, members of the local parliament. And the FARC sat for

five hours listening to them and at the end said, this is one of the

worst mistakes that we said in the war. We offer your apologies and we

hope that you will accept. That is only possible because there is a

peace agreement that has been concluded, those are the kind of

thing that peace brings, you can look at it the other way and say

that a piece agreement allows you to fight impunity because those that

are responsible, can acknowledge responsibility. I know you are

celebrating and also dressed in white. A last word, for us it is the

most important moment of our generation, we understand that

Europe, is looking at itself, there is Syria and migration in so many

problems but I think what you have seen in Colombia is an example that

if you work hard enough at it with a lot of international support

including from the UK, you can actually get a deal and talking is

always worthwhile. Thank you very much indeed. Speaking about

forgiveness, 8 million victims is a lot of people who have suffered over

the years and they want to believe that the dark chapter is over. That

is all from us from the beautiful setting of this gold city. Thank you

to you and your guest, that will be broadcasting throughout the

afternoon in Colombia has that ceremony approaches.

We have heard there has been talk about Syria, good news, humanitarian

aid has reached four besieged areas, that have had nothing for six months

and we have rebel areas of Aleppo, where the situation is abject.

In the UK the opposition Labour Party conference has been

overshadowed about part of the speech on the Trident nuclear

defence system, Clive Lewis's office has played down reports that the

speech was changed in the last minute. Along with defence, the

economy was on the conference agenda. Here is the Shadow

Chancellor. If we win the next election we will

write into law a real living wage. We will clamp down on the abuses of

power at the very top, under Labour there will be no more Philip Green

sat tall. Imagine society radically transformed, radically fairer, more

equal, yes based on a prosperous economy, but where that prosperity

shared by all. In this party you no longer have to whisper its name, it

is cool socialism, solidarity. Hello I am Ross Atkins with outside

source. Our lead story comes from the east coast of the US, Hillary

Clinton and Ronald Trump making their final preparations ahead of

their first US presidential debate. There will be a huge audience not

just in the US but around the world. Let us have a look at some of the

main stories. First of all a Dutch tourist has been arrested in

Mandalay in me and Mark, after unplugging a

speaker, which was broadcasting a month's sermon. He has been

convicted. China has large force of military aircraft two Japanese

islands. It is worth emphasising that these Chinese planes did not

violate Japanese airspace. And, Matt LeBlanc has signed a two-year deal,

to present, top gear. Chris Evans has since stepped down. These are

very, very tough times for Deutsche Bank, is share price which has been

having a tough time anyway is in a new low, down more than 50%. There

is a clear downward trend and there is no apparent safety net. A German

magazine called focus across the weekend reported that Angela Merkel

is ruling out bailing out the bank. She's also ruling out intervening on

its behalf in the US, US regulators want a $14 billion fine paid, in

relation to mis-selling of mortgage securities. Let us try and

understand what is going on. If we go right to the heart of the

problem, what is the core issue for Deutsche Bank? It has been troubled

for a while, before that $14 billion fine, a lot of it stems with the

impact of the financial crisis that exposed the weaknesses of firms, it

was try to restructure its businesses, focusing away from

investment banking to retail banking. Part of the problem is

turning things around, it is a big global banking institution, it takes

time and money. And it is a struggle. There is this report a

short while ago, suggesting that Dutch bank might have to go and ask

the German government for help, now you have got this report saying that

the German government is not prepared to offer any assistance,

will this shining a spotlight if you like on Deutsche Bank's ongoing

weakness. I'm just spotting this, pulling up retweet, from a

correspondent. Why is it so dangerous for all of us? It is a

reference to the International Monetary Fund that refer to do such

a dangerous bank. I should point out that it also listed HSBC and credit

suis, after Deutsche Bank has opposing the next biggest threat,

the three of these banks, are much more in debt, and they are riskier

than any US bank. That is really why the IMF gave them that label. The

problem is that if they run into trouble, then you could see a

concern that basically we could see another European banking crisis

exploded because they are so interlinked. If Butch bank could not

recover, it could lead to fears of contagion, what would happen to

other banks and that is why the IMF is stepping in giving this warning,

it is worth pointing out that the US arm of Deutsche Bank, the Federal

reserve, has oversight of the banks and it did not pass it stress test.

So there are concerns to do with how much debt the company has burst is

how many of its assets and that is what it is trying to address right

now thank you very much Michelle Fleury.

The chief economist of the International Monetary Fund

has told BBC's Kamal Ahmad that the greatest threat

to the global economy is a Chinese slowdown.

Have a look at this. China is the greatest risk, it has been the

engine of global growth, the UN, -- US has been picking up. China

escaped through a big political revolution, I think the economy has

slowed down much more than the official figures show, and few want

to look at a part of the world that has a debt problem, look at China.

They had been in credit fuelled growth and these things don't go on

forever. Everyone says that China is different, the state owns

everything, but they control it. But only to a point. I definitely worry

for China and a hard landing. We are having a pretty sharp landing

already and I worry about China becoming more of a problem. We have

taken it for granted that whatever you do is doing and Japan at least

China is as doing OK. Bannister me the one that I worry most about.

Next ultimately India space agency. It launched eight satellites but

five of them were foreign and it turns out this is a really lucrative

business. They have launched a total of 79 satellites, and that has

earned them $120 million. The reason it is relevant is because they

wonder whether it is appropriate for the government to be spending huge

amounts of space when millions of people living in poverty.

Can this rocket become a money making machine for India, it was the

35th successful launch. It had on board 20 satellites, the most in a

single go for the Indian space agency, 17 of them were foreign,. We

have a national requirement so we built satellites. And, at the launch

vehicle, it has some excess capacity so what we have been looking for is

how do we make it more cost-effective. So we were trying to

accommodate some of the satellites, along with passengers. This is the

model of the kind of launchers that had been used to send satellites

into space. India is now on average doing one launch per month. It is an

expensive business because each time the decor has to be built from

scratch and this country is criticised for spending money on a

space programme and it has high levels of poverty but the space

agency here argues that there are strong returns for things like

better mapping and weather forecasting but also now making

money from other countries. India has so far launch 79 former

satellite and earned $120 million for it. Vehicles like this one are

being put together at a frantic speed now as India plans to have 12

launches every year. A pace that has more than doubled since 2015. This

lady runs a company that brokers a deal between the Indian space agency

and foreign companies that want foreign satellites launched. The

need for launchers is growing exponentially primarily because we

are now seeing new companies, which are planning to launch commercial

constellations satellites. So not one of five but an entire

constellation from 24 220 satellites per constellation. The scientists

have competition not only from other space countries but also now from

private companies. So far India has only been looking at small and light

satellites but launching heavier ones is where the big money is.

Still a few other questions coming in on the US presidential debates

and the first one is in a queue as time, one of you saying, how many

minutes with each candidates get, well they divided up as fair as you

can so pretty close to 45 minutes per candidate.

Though we will be taking a look at UK weather prospects,