16/10/2011 Reporters

informed. That is the latest news. Now, it is

We find people in Afghanistan and poorer and hungrier and still in

the dark, despite billions of dollars in international aid.

The mystery of thousands of unmarked graves in it Indian

administered Kashmir. The girlie Show to of the truth.

Been compulsory hand writing classes in Shanghai. How computers

might be killing the ancient Welcome to Reporters. We start with

Afghanistan and the country is in

it is appealing for food aid for nearly 10 million people.

Afghanistan is already the largest recipient of aid in the world, yet

it has little to show for the enormous sums it has received. Ten

years after the US led invasion, our correspondent ask where's --

asks where has all the money gone? Are this is a wheat field, but with

no rain, nothing grew. Demand Baron, the people facing starvation. Now,

only children and older people remain as a working-age men from

the village of Shorabak have gone to find work. They came back here

after the Taliban fell, to rebuild their lives. Now, they wonder if it

is time to move on again. It is a while she was travelling to

hospital to spital to child. He says he does not remember a job

like this. Nothing has grown and the had to selling sheep. More

Afghans are poor and more hungry than they were ten years ago. So,

what has gonat has gonn the capital, what should be the Kabul River is

just a stagnant puddle. The water may not be flowing here, but eight

certainly is. This is the largest recipient of aid in the world.

International spending here is totalled around $350 billion in ten

years. Most of that is the cost of fighting the war and other security.

$33 billion also came in aid. That is in every age of around $60

million every week. Eight accounts of nearly 90% of again GDP. So,

whereas all the money gone? Much went straight back to countries

like the US, leaving nothing behind. I do not think the money is really

going to the Afghan people. I think it is going towards the pockets of

the contractors. Afghanistan is trying to pay for itself. These

people are registering to pay tax, the result of a British funded

programme to encourage tax collection. But as Afghan ministers

struggle to build confidence in a government, they say international

support has never been consistent. Throughout the last ten years,

companies, NGOs and also military spending has been done without

consultation with the government. You cannot hold the government

responsible for that. And despite all the aid spending, there is not

even electricity in most of the capital city. A geology teacher did

not expect still to be marking books by light -- lamplight, ten

The Government in Indian are administered kashmir has ordered

any investigation to determine the identity of nearly 6,000 bodies,

buried in unmarked graves. Human rights activists believe many of

the bodies me bodies me of civilians killed by Indian security

forces over the past 20 years, during the armed uprising against

Indian rule. De correspondent reports from the street, which is

claimed by both India and Pakistan. Buried in thried in th, Kashmir's

dirty secret. The forgotten remains of those killed in a brutal

conflict. This man, the only one who can identify the greats, but he

says that the police made in beat them. 225 here alone. Just one of

several unmarked graves in Kashmir. This little piece of wood is the

about the only thing that tells you is a grave. No other markings all

gravestones. In some cases, even that is missing. I am told that

underneath the civics -- underneath these crazes, like the bodies of

men aged from 25 and upwards. At his home nearby, and Ata Mohammad

recalls how the bodies were brought by police, often in the dead of

night. He has that testified before a state commission. TRANSLATION:

Many of the bodies were covered in blood. They had bullet-holes. Some

had broken legs. It is hard to describe, they are not normal

deaths. At the height of the conflicts, thousands of men

disappeared. Many now fear they may have ended up in the graves. This

man, missing since 2003 - picked up by the police. His men, allegedly

taken away by the Army in 1996. This woman still remembers the day

her husband was taken from his home, 11 years ago. He still has not

returned. They believe he was detained by the security forces.

Like hundreds of others, she receives legal help from human

rights activists, like demanding answers from the Government.

TRANSLATION: Our children were picked up by the security forces.

Ask them where they are. Ask them what happened to them. In a state

hit by two decades of violence, the security forces are a constant

presence. They brought in to combat a powerful militant movement. The

government says they are targeting them. They are militants from

various parts of the world who were killed in encounters. Their

identities could not be established. Their bodies were handed over to

the local community and what buried. Militant or civilian, the graves

have ignited a fresh debate over India's pun back in Kashmir. Caught

between the ambitions of India and Pakistan, the people of this deli

have paid a bitter price in a war of attrition that has claimed

60,000 bytes. -- lives. In Libya, the towns that rose up

against Colonel Gaddafi are now arguing about who should get what

posts in a new interim government. Throughout the war, our

correspondent carried out assignments on the front line in

Libya. He now reports with concerns that the revolution there may

become bogged down in political infighting.

They had carried the flag of Libya's revolution from the start.

It mountain peoples. Prout horseman and Warriors celebrating their new

found freedom. This town was one of the first places to rise up against

Colonel Gaddafi. It sacrificed much to oust him. It has lost over 200

men. Its fighters continue to die in battles across the country. Now,

the town wants a slice of power in the new Libya. They say two

ministers in the new Cabinet should come from this town. If you played

a major role in the liberation of the country, you have to have a

good piece of the cake. Hundreds of miles away, the battered city of

Misrata believes it too should be rewarded. Libya's political battles

are now beginning. A lot of people died here on the street. This man

helped lead the revolution in the city. Many here believe they should

have a greater say in Libya's future and towns that did not

suffer as much. 1,500 this -- 1,500 of Ms Rutter's people died. Lismore

is putting forward its own candidate for prime minister. As

the debate continues, it is not giving up its weapons just yet.

TRANSLATION: It is too early. After what Gaddafi's trips did, no-one

from Misrata wants to give up their weapons until there is a united

government. But in Tripoli, there is no national government. One will

not before dental Gaddafi's are downfalls. Libya has weeks of

political uncertainty to come. This is where Libya's tribal leaders

used to meet, deciding who gets what share of the spoils of power

is not going to be easy. Libya's actions are not going to descend

into infighting. After 42 years of dictatorship, there is an

incredible sense of solidarity here. People want this revelation to work.

They are determined to build a new democracy. The problem is they have

chased away Gaddafi, but he has left behind a Libya when no-one

knows how to share power. Even though they are hungry for it.

Now to a report on how and a delicate arrested destination in

Africa has turned into a perilous resort. In recent weeks, French and

British women have been kidnapped from the Kenyan coast and taken to

Somalia. The attacks had damaging Kenya's tourist industry, which

takes up 10% of the country's foreign exchange earnings. There

are warnings that Somali pirates are about to become much more

active as the monsoon season ends. From the resort of Lamu, how

correspondent has this report. For tourists, it is like stepping

back in time. The enchanting Lamu Island is steeped in Somali culture

-- Swahili culture. The beaches are a big draw, but not right now. This

was what a French visitor had to call her little paradise, until a

gang of Somali gunmen struck at night, dragged her down the beach

and left by speedboat for Somalia. The police were so you're prepared,

they even asked the hotel owner to borrow a boat. This, just three

weeks after the murder and kidnap of a British couple for the

I came here before for a family during Christmas time... There were

travel warnings, cancellations and now abandoned hotels. Now it is a

matter of time to wait for the tourists to come back with

confidence. The police and army out on an

evening patrol. Sleepy Lamu has never seen anything like it. For

the Kenyan authorities this is a difficult balancing act. On the one

hand they are trying to send the message that this places secured

and they are more patrols but they do not want to over militarised the

area. Tourism brings in 10% of the foreign exchange. Now the

government is worried as security spreads from neighbouring Somalia.

This affects our economy, it is a threat to peace and stability and a

threat to our lives. Up to 70 Somali pirates groups are preparing

to deploy with ships and now tourists and risk, some people

think it is now time to go after the pirate bases. Taking on the

pirates as they prepare to go to see would be a change of tactics

for the various military forces. Would it be a positive change?

personal view is yes, we need to prevent the pirates going to see in

the first place -- my personal view. They may now be on the lookout but

questions remain over Kenya's ability to secure the beaches. The

tourism industry here can't afford another tack.

-- another attack. The internet has of course brought literally

billions of people so many benefits but it has also opened up new

opportunities for criminals. They can break into our home computers

with Spies software and steal information about our bank accounts

for in since. It is not just criminals that are using these so-

called trojans -- for instance. Governments are also using them to

look at digital photographs, e- mails and phone calls. Controversy

has erupted in Berlin over news that Watford German states employed

Spies software to investigate German crimes -- four. The software

was found by members of the Chaos Computer Club in Berlin. They were

asked to examine a hard drive and found a trojan on it, software put

their secretly two-track every movement. The males, Skype calls,

including thousands of pictures of what was on the computer screen --

e-mails. Authorities on Germany are allowed to survive but only after

getting judge's permission and only if there are serious crimes

suspected -- 2 spy. If it was found to be a minor criminal case, but

the German Supreme Court decided that breaking into people's

computers is only allowed in very rare circumstances like acts of

terrorism, and putting life in danger except trout. It was used in

a case where it was not supposed to be used -- etc etc. It seems to

have been put "honour crime" suspect's computer as he went

through Munich airport. TRANSLATION: The trojan has been

introduced with in judicial proceedings to solve a tough crime,

our experts in that area do not accept the approaches that the

Chaos Computer Club made concerning hacker problems. He says the

trojans software was introduced after consulting a judge and in an

investigation of serious crime. Germans take through the sea on

computers very seriously indeed for obvious reasons. -- Take privacy.

Because of history at over communism and the Nazis, where

surveillance was rampant. Several states in Germany have now admitted

they used the software. There are now investigations as to whether

the country's constitution, which has strict rules governing the

protection of privacy, has been broken.

In China many people, especially the younger generation, say they

are struggling with their ancient writing system. Sometimes they are

even forgetting entire characters altogether. They say computers are

to blame. In response schools across Shanghai have brought in

compulsory calligraphy classes. Juliana Liu sent this report from

Shanghai. Computer training is compulsory at

the Chen Xiaokang school in Shanghai. Hanyuan said he has

forgotten how to write some of the more complex characters by hand.

TRANSLATION: When I write by hand, I have to memorise the character,

or at least have a dictionary in front of me. But while I type, I

just have to be familiar with the keyboard. Chen Xiaokang is a long

time calligraphy teacher at the school and he says technology,

while important, is getting in the way of passing on traditional

writing and traditional values. TRANSLATION: As a Chinese person,

how you write represents who you laugh. There is a saying that goes,

if you love China, you must love Chinese characters because they are

so full of meaning. So I feel that a Chinese person must be able to

write well. It's been about 25 years since the last time I picked

up a brush. So let's see if I can actually put into practice what

Peter Chen has been explaining to me. Five will be writing the

character "Ze" Which will mean to think -- I will be. But not just

with one's head, but also with one's heart.

Appealing to both the head and the heart is how Shanghai's educators

are tackling the challenge posed by computers and mobile phones. Mr

Chen wants to instil a love of language and writing through every

stroke of the calligrapher's brash. Students less comfortable with

brash writing will now have do practise harder because for the

first time in all schools in Shanghai they will be tested on it.

The hope is that as they come to appreciate the difficult art of

calligraphy, China's complex and ancient writing system will be kept

The protest song has been with us for years and Iraq is one of its

modern manifestations. Two months on from the riots in England, Liana

his heir went across London to find a group of rappers who are trying

to find her own explanations as to why the violence broke out on

England's streets. When London descended into anarchy,

hip-hop artists started writing songs like this one.

Their lyrics drew inspiration from the most widespread rioting

Britain's streets had ever seen. Many people in Britain say the

looting and violence was mindless criminality. But others are

wondering why it happened in the first place. Some people say it is

linked to an underclass of people who have been excluded and ignored.

Politician has on the beach, while we watch our streets there and,

when are they going to learn? year-old Zico grew up in Hackney

where some of the worst trouble took place. He says the role of

parents is important. My mum made a conscious decision to pick me up

and take me out of Hackney's schools and put me somewhere where

she thought I would be benefited from. Police brutality is wrong and

it needs to come to an end. Parents, teachers, preachers, government,

they have got to play their part. Other London rappers have come up

with lyrics based on their experiences of the riots. They have

all have their opinions as to why it happened. Young people took

advantage but going back, why did they do that? They feel like if it

is not being given up they should take it. But they are more

opportunities, we are just not been guided. A lot of the children in

the modern Western world are so bombarded by advertising for

trainers and gadgets, iPhones and iPods, when the right mood kicks

off, what is the first thing they are going to do? We are telling

them it is the only way to be successful. The death of Mark

Dorgan sparked the initial violence after he was shot in North London

but it is the animosity towards the police reflected in this track that

makes uncomfortable listening for many in Britain. Tough sentences

for those responsible was the authority's initial response but