23/01/2016 Reporters

From here in the World News rooms, we send out correspondents to bring

you the best stories from across the globe.

In this week's programme, Turkey's people-smuggling mafias:

as record numbers enter the country over the last month,

Fergal Keane goes undercover with the ruthless traffickers

And one of the world's worst health crises, over 90% of people are

overweight or obese. This country has one of the highest levels of

type two diabetes in the world. And they have a black host but no

black actors among the nominees. James Cook in Hollywood asks,

are the Oscars too white? It now rivals the drugs trade

in the scale of its illegal profits. According to the head of the law

enforcement agency Europol, people-smuggling netted

criminal gangs more than $6 More than 23,000 people have been

smuggled into Europe from Turkey The EU has pledged more than $4

billion in aid to Turkey to tackle the problem, but as Fergal Keane

reports, this hasn't stopped the ruthless gangs determined

to make even more money By the time they get

here there is one choice - Refugees must pay the criminal gangs

or get stuck in Turkey. So far in 2016, the numbers trying

to cross to Europe have tripled With rough winter seas,

prices have more than halved The smuggling mafia has offices

in the centre of town, where we secretly filmed this man,

who calls himself Abu Saif We have discovered that even

children have been recruited These Syrian refugee boys

were selling life jackets, the oldest no more than 13,

the youngest about eight. Then the older one offered

to organise a crossing And the boy assured us

there would be no danger Resisting smugglers'

orders can be perilous. This woman was afraid to travel

on an overcrowded dinghy, We hid behind rocks and witnessed

the loading of the refugees. As the boats are launched,

a smuggler jumps off. A man desperately tries

to restart the engine. After nervous minutes,

the second boat is on its way again. War and the failure of governments

have left the vulnerable Fergal Keane, BBC News,

Western Turkey. The South Pacific may be known

as a tropical paradise, but some of its islanders

are suffering the worst health Tongans are among the most obese

anywhere, and illnesses like diabetes are putting a strain

on the government's health services. As Katie Watson reports,

authorities are using desperate Every morning, Tonga's fishermen

bring their catch to the local market, but it is getting harder

to sell to customers, especially when there is competition

like this on the other side of the harbour - cuts of imported

meat such as these fatty mutton flaps have become a Tongan

staple in recent years. With globalisation, trade has become

easier and food cheaper - supermarkets stocked with tinned

and frozen meat from abroad, The foreign food is being blamed

for a health crisis here and across the Pacific Islands -

a crisis not just costly for health but for the government's

finances as well. This is the queue for the daily

diabetes clinic, the biggest queue by far here in

the country's main hospital. 90% of Tongans are obese

or overweight, and it has This country has one of the highest

levels of type two Despite government initiatives

to make people aware of the danger of obesity and diabetes,

it is yet to make Where we are, we still continue

to see so many people This woman lost her leg several

years ago because of combinations with diabetes, but she is not

the only one suffering. It started with my grandma,

now my mum, my dad, two of my sisters and now me,

and we have gone from just eating Some scientists believe Tonga's

problem is partly down to genetics - that Pacific Islanders in the past

survived long periods without food, so their bodies are programmed

to cling on to fat. to help themselves.

and in a deeply religious country, and if they end up in hospital

they have to pay. While the politicians work on how

to prevent the problem, this is a disease that will get

worse before it gets better. The absence of black actors among

the nominees for the Oscars for the second year running has

led to calls to boycott The Academy of Motion Picture arts

and Sciences says it is looking into the diversity of its

membership, which is over 90% white James Cook has been to Hollywood

to find out if the I am Chris Rock and I'm

hosting the Oscars. They may have a host,

but the Hollywood elite doesn't of the Academy of Motion

Picture Arts and Sciences - This year, the 20 performers up

for an Oscar have one For 20 opportunities to celebrate

actors and actresses of colour to be GANGSTA RAP

year is unforgivable. Also missing is this film,

Straight Outta Compton, about hip-hop in LA -

critically acclaimed but Oscar-nominated not

as Best Picture but for its In Compton today, dismay about

the Oscar nominations runs deep. For many people here

what is happening in Hollywood is symbolic of a continuing fight

for equality, half a century on from the civil rights

struggles of the 1960s. I think it is wrong,

I think when you have 40 actors over two years and not one of colour,

not even nominated, we are just Yes, I think it's reality,

it happens, but it's not right and it's time for

someone to speak up. I think they should look deeper

into the actors and nominate He is boycotting the ceremony

calling the Oscars "lily-white," and the only black film-maker ever

to win a Best Picture Oscar has told the BBC the problem is bigger

than the Academy. I think racism has a lot to do

with the Academy, one could talk about it,

but that for me that is beside the point -

it is about getting things made. The president of the Academy

says she is heartbroken It helps that everybody understands

this organisation is completely committed to turning

this narrative around. Too late for this year's Oscars,

already drowned out by the question, James Cook, BBC News,

Los Angeles. That's all from Reporters

for this week.