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Those are the headlines, thank you for your company today. Chris Rogers | :00:00. | :00:00. | |
will be here at the top of the hour with the latest BBC News. | :00:00. | :00:00. | |
Welcome to Reporters, I am Christian Fraser. We send out correspondence | :00:07. | :00:26. | |
to bring you the best stories from across the globe and in this week's | :00:27. | :00:33. | |
programme... Changing young attitudes to aids, David Beckham | :00:34. | :00:36. | |
visits Swaziland, the country with the highest rate of HIV infection, | :00:37. | :00:42. | |
and tells them, you need to wear a condom. Educating children, young | :00:43. | :00:48. | |
boys, that could be your sister, that is your mum. That is your | :00:49. | :00:55. | |
cousin. Afghanistan's stolen treasures, we investigate how tense | :00:56. | :00:59. | |
of thousands of dollars worth of the country's natural resources are | :01:00. | :01:05. | |
being looted. This has been treasured for thousands of years and | :01:06. | :01:09. | |
most of the supply of the world is right here in Afghanistan. The | :01:10. | :01:14. | |
battle for Falluja, at the height of the fighting, we join in rocky | :01:15. | :01:19. | |
helicopter violence waging war against the so-called Islamic State. | :01:20. | :01:26. | |
What these pilots... Taking Falluja, it has been 24 hours a day and eat | :01:27. | :01:38. | |
day, just getting harder. Fusion of the species, Fergus Walsh | :01:39. | :01:41. | |
investigates how scientists are using animals to grow human organs. | :01:42. | :01:46. | |
This sound is pregnant with embryos which contain human cells. I will be | :01:47. | :01:52. | |
reporting about why scientists think it could be the answer to the | :01:53. | :01:58. | |
world's organ donor shortage. And new people, new customs, new sport. | :01:59. | :02:05. | |
Jenny Hill reports on how Germany is being bowled over by cricket. This | :02:06. | :02:10. | |
is much more than a game of cricket, it is a symbol, the way this country | :02:11. | :02:12. | |
is changing. It has been called the epicentre of | :02:13. | :02:23. | |
the global HIV crisis. The kingdom of Swaziland in southern Africa has | :02:24. | :02:28. | |
the highest rate of HIV infection in the world. The situation is being | :02:29. | :02:32. | |
made worse by a drought across the region, putting pressure on | :02:33. | :02:36. | |
resources and affecting many vulnerable children. Many born with | :02:37. | :02:41. | |
the disease. The former England football captain David Beckham has | :02:42. | :02:44. | |
set up his own charitable fund, in conjunction with Unicef. We joined | :02:45. | :02:50. | |
him on a trip to Swaziland where he met mothers and children living with | :02:51. | :02:54. | |
the disease. This man is an adult before his | :02:55. | :02:58. | |
time, this teenager gathers the ward, cooks meals and looks after | :02:59. | :03:05. | |
his grandmother, after losing both his parents. He is HIV-positive. | :03:06. | :03:13. | |
This is a nuclear family. There is that pain but I accept it. In my | :03:14. | :03:24. | |
life. But I do not have parents, some adults, some of my peers have | :03:25. | :03:31. | |
parents. SINGING And unreal suspension from the daily | :03:32. | :03:37. | |
grind. Into the team club comes David Beckham, global superstar and | :03:38. | :03:44. | |
now almost full-time charity worker. The children at this team support | :03:45. | :03:51. | |
group give him a raucous welcome. All are HIV-positive, the virus | :03:52. | :03:54. | |
passed down from the mother to child, all face a lifetime on drugs. | :03:55. | :03:59. | |
Those drugs are freely available but Swaziland remains known as the | :04:00. | :04:06. | |
epicentre of HIV. David Beckham said the challenge is to get young boys | :04:07. | :04:10. | |
to understand, they must protect the girls they sleep with from this | :04:11. | :04:14. | |
sexually transmitted disease. Educating children, young boys, | :04:15. | :04:21. | |
that's, that could be your sister, your mum, your cousin. The | :04:22. | :04:29. | |
protection that you need to prevent contracting HIV and aids. You need | :04:30. | :04:39. | |
to wear a condom. For many, the stigma of having HIV remains. We | :04:40. | :04:43. | |
cannot share the face of this girl, she has HIV, as does almost every | :04:44. | :04:47. | |
member of the family, she faces cruelty from some. She told me, | :04:48. | :04:53. | |
there are some people she feels hurt by when she told them she was | :04:54. | :04:57. | |
HIV-positive, they started telling everybody, including some teachers | :04:58. | :05:02. | |
and that was upsetting. For children in Swaziland living with HIV, there | :05:03. | :05:07. | |
is now a new challenge, drought. The crops have failed, it means people | :05:08. | :05:11. | |
are going hungry. If children are going hungry, it means they don't | :05:12. | :05:14. | |
want to take their drugs and if they don't do that, they are more likely | :05:15. | :05:22. | |
to develop full-blown Aids. There is hope for the brand-new generation. | :05:23. | :05:26. | |
HIV-positive women are taking the right medication in pregnancy and | :05:27. | :05:31. | |
transmission rates to their babies have dropped dramatically. David | :05:32. | :05:34. | |
Beckham is harnessing the power of celebrity to a cause that needs | :05:35. | :05:38. | |
urgent funds. His appeal is undoubted here. The world's response | :05:39. | :05:46. | |
is less certain. It is the precious gem that have | :05:47. | :05:49. | |
been mined from the mountains of Afghanistan, for more than 6000 | :05:50. | :05:54. | |
years. The blue stone known as lapis lazuli like is now being stolen from | :05:55. | :06:00. | |
the Afghan people. An investigation by local witness says armed groups | :06:01. | :06:04. | |
including the Taliban on looting tends of millions of dollars worth | :06:05. | :06:08. | |
of the country's natural resources, further fuelling the conflict there. | :06:09. | :06:12. | |
The Afghan people are losing out on what should be a source of | :06:13. | :06:21. | |
development. EXPLOSIONS This is the moment is huge bomb | :06:22. | :06:26. | |
exploded in Kabul in April. The blast killed more than 60 people. | :06:27. | :06:31. | |
And that blast can be traced back to this stuff. This is lapis lazuli | :06:32. | :06:37. | |
light and it has been treasured for thousands of years, most of the | :06:38. | :06:43. | |
world's supply is right here in Afghanistan. The story of how this | :06:44. | :06:46. | |
treasure is being stolen from the Afghan people is powerful evidence | :06:47. | :06:50. | |
of how corruption is undermining Afghanistan. The place it is mind is | :06:51. | :06:58. | |
almost as beautiful as the lapis lazuli light itself. The treasure | :06:59. | :07:02. | |
has been dug from these mountains for more than 6000 years. But the | :07:03. | :07:09. | |
mines are no far too dangerous to visit. These pictures were filmed by | :07:10. | :07:13. | |
the BBC almost 20 years ago but little has changed. Commander Malik | :07:14. | :07:18. | |
who the BBC team met all those years ago, is now the warlord in charge of | :07:19. | :07:26. | |
the entire mine complex. Such is his power that even senior government | :07:27. | :07:29. | |
officials don't want to speak on camera at they do confirm Abdul | :07:30. | :07:35. | |
Malik has taken this astonishing national resource by force and is | :07:36. | :07:37. | |
smuggling it out of the country. A secret memo to the President of | :07:38. | :08:11. | |
Afghanistan obtained by the BBC, confirms what the official told me. | :08:12. | :08:15. | |
The President's chief adviser on mines warns, even the presence of | :08:16. | :08:21. | |
Mafia and extent of government corruption, it is now very difficult | :08:22. | :08:28. | |
to control graphed in this sector. But by far, the biggest beneficiary | :08:29. | :08:34. | |
is the Taliban. According to a two year investigation by the | :08:35. | :08:37. | |
anti-corruption NGO, global witness. It has been benefiting this militia | :08:38. | :08:44. | |
group to the tune of ten 's of millions of dollars a year. But they | :08:45. | :08:48. | |
have also been making payments to the Taliban and our information is | :08:49. | :08:53. | |
that at the moment, more than 50% of revenue coming from the mind is | :08:54. | :08:56. | |
being handed straight to the Taliban. Meanwhile, the Afghan | :08:57. | :09:01. | |
people are losing out on what should be a source of development. | :09:02. | :09:08. | |
TRANSLATION: Instead of creating employment and stability, the lapis | :09:09. | :09:13. | |
lazuli minds are funding the insurgency, it is a curse and it | :09:14. | :09:19. | |
takes people's lives. That is why corruption in Afghanistan is so | :09:20. | :09:22. | |
important. What should be an incredible resource for the | :09:23. | :09:26. | |
country's fuelling a conflict that affect us all. | :09:27. | :09:33. | |
The battle for Falluja has been long and hard as the major offensive to | :09:34. | :09:41. | |
recapture Iraqis's key city from so-called Islamic State fighters has | :09:42. | :09:46. | |
met fierce resistance. Iraqi forces have been bombing from the air as | :09:47. | :09:51. | |
well as the ground. We were given exclusive access to Iraqi helicopter | :09:52. | :09:57. | |
pilots as they flew their combat missions over Falluja. | :09:58. | :10:01. | |
The battle for Falluja is underway. I must offensive to recapture the | :10:02. | :10:07. | |
city from IS fighters. -- a massive offensive. This is what it looks | :10:08. | :10:14. | |
like from above. We are over a village north of | :10:15. | :10:26. | |
Falluja. The pilot have been told more than 20 IS fighters are meeting | :10:27. | :10:28. | |
in a building. For these pilots, the fight to | :10:29. | :10:45. | |
retain Falluja has been a 24 hour a day, full-time job and each day, | :10:46. | :10:50. | |
just getting harder. I asked fighting back. | :10:51. | :10:58. | |
Around 50,000 civilians are trapped down there. It is hard to know who | :10:59. | :11:09. | |
is an enemy. There are believed to be up to 3000 IS fighters in the | :11:10. | :11:14. | |
city. Accused of killing civilians and using them as human shields. For | :11:15. | :11:21. | |
some, like Mohammed, this battle is personal. He is from Falluja and his | :11:22. | :11:28. | |
family was trapped in the city. He was told the IS fighters had taken | :11:29. | :11:38. | |
over his own home. TRANSLATION: They had seen pictures of me in uniform. | :11:39. | :11:43. | |
They said I was an infidel and they would kill me. I dropped a bomb that | :11:44. | :11:49. | |
destroyed my house, I asked for the mission. It wasn't my home any more. | :11:50. | :11:58. | |
The pilots are also helping evacuate the injured. This is proving a tough | :11:59. | :12:04. | |
battle. Air power is vital. And the hardest fighting is yet to come. | :12:05. | :12:14. | |
Too big medical breakthrough now that could change the lives of | :12:15. | :12:20. | |
everyone the planet. American scientists have used a process known | :12:21. | :12:24. | |
as gene editing to try to grow human organs inside pigs. The pioneering | :12:25. | :12:28. | |
technique involves in Jack King human stem cells into pig embryos. | :12:29. | :12:35. | |
Some experts believe the technique provides the answer to the global | :12:36. | :12:39. | |
organ transplant shortage. Fergus Walsh reports, but it also raises | :12:40. | :12:47. | |
serious ethical issues. You are watching two species being | :12:48. | :12:52. | |
mixed. Human stem cells being injected into one-day-old pig | :12:53. | :12:56. | |
embryo. You can see them travelling down the tube. This biologist in | :12:57. | :13:01. | |
California in trying to grow human pancreas inside a pig. Our hope is | :13:02. | :13:06. | |
that this pig embryo will develop normally at the pancreas will be | :13:07. | :13:10. | |
made up almost exclusively of human cells. So then, that pancreas could | :13:11. | :13:17. | |
be compatible with a patient for transplantation. The technique is | :13:18. | :13:23. | |
known as Gene editing. It uses molecular scissors to delete the DNA | :13:24. | :13:28. | |
instructions in the pig embryo to create a pancreas. The human cells | :13:29. | :13:34. | |
will hopefully fill the void and grow human pancreas instead. The | :13:35. | :13:41. | |
same technique might enable other organs to be grown for transplant. | :13:42. | :13:47. | |
The BBC's panorama was allowed to film the sow s which were pregnant | :13:48. | :13:53. | |
with human pig embryos. If human stem cells were taken from a | :13:54. | :13:57. | |
patient, the transplant organs could be tissue matched, reducing the risk | :13:58. | :14:03. | |
of rejection. This research raises profound ethical concerns, | :14:04. | :14:07. | |
crucially, just how human are the piglets developing inside this sow? | :14:08. | :14:14. | |
It is such a sensitive area, that the embryos will not be permitted to | :14:15. | :14:18. | |
go to term but be removed for tissue analysis after 28 days gestation, | :14:19. | :14:23. | |
when they are about a centimetre long. Crucially, they will check | :14:24. | :14:28. | |
whether the pigs developing brain games humanlike polities, another | :14:29. | :14:34. | |
pioneer in this field told me this question has yet to be resolved. | :14:35. | :14:41. | |
What ever organ we try to make, we will look at what is happening in | :14:42. | :14:45. | |
the brain and if we find that it is to humanlike, we will not let those | :14:46. | :14:51. | |
foetuses be born. Organisations campaigning to an end to factory | :14:52. | :14:55. | |
farming are dismayed by the thought of organ farms. I am nervous about | :14:56. | :15:01. | |
opening up a new source of animal suffering, let's first get more | :15:02. | :15:05. | |
people to donate organs. If there is still a shortage, we can consider | :15:06. | :15:09. | |
using pigs but on the basis that we eat less meat so there is no | :15:10. | :15:12. | |
increase in the number of pigs being used for human purposes. 7000 people | :15:13. | :15:20. | |
in the UK are on the transplant waiting list and hundreds died each | :15:21. | :15:26. | |
year before a donor can be found. But patient trials involving Gene | :15:27. | :15:30. | |
editing pig organs are still some way off. | :15:31. | :15:36. | |
For many homosexual men living in deeply religious or Conservative | :15:37. | :15:41. | |
societies, being gay can mean being criminalised, jailed and in some | :15:42. | :15:45. | |
cases, facing the death penalty. What if you are gay and a religious | :15:46. | :15:51. | |
teacher? In Iran, one gay man, also a cleric, has been forced to seek | :15:52. | :15:55. | |
refuge in Turkey because he was conducting gay weddings in secret. | :15:56. | :16:05. | |
This man goes through the ritual of putting on his additional outfit | :16:06. | :16:11. | |
before going to pray at the local mosque. Like many other men in the | :16:12. | :16:16. | |
run, they ruled the country and advise people on spiritual matters. | :16:17. | :16:21. | |
These clerics are highly respected but also feared for the power they | :16:22. | :16:23. | |
wield. I meet him in a mosque in Istanbul | :16:24. | :16:37. | |
where he has come to pray. He told me he tried to keep his sexual | :16:38. | :16:44. | |
orientation quiet but his life was exposed, especially when he started | :16:45. | :16:45. | |
conducting gay weddings in secret. Istanbul is unique in the Muslim | :16:46. | :17:22. | |
world for the tolerance of homosexuality. The city has several | :17:23. | :17:31. | |
gay bars and clubs. We come to a spot, famous for its gay scene. | :17:32. | :17:38. | |
Venues like this are new in Istanbul as well. Now we are sitting in one | :17:39. | :17:41. | |
of them under one side we have the gay Mola and two uranium refugees | :17:42. | :17:47. | |
who fled from the country on the other side. This man plans to get | :17:48. | :17:54. | |
married to his partner and he hopes that this man to conduct the | :17:55. | :17:57. | |
ceremony. This man left Iran one month ago and | :17:58. | :18:22. | |
he is not out to his family and doesn't want to be identified. | :18:23. | :18:41. | |
A city of a thousand mosques, will be his temporary home before his | :18:42. | :18:49. | |
final destination, Canada. Will Iran ever accept him the way he is? Is he | :18:50. | :18:59. | |
to gay to be a mullah? Or is he too much of a mullah to be gay? | :19:00. | :19:05. | |
Gemili's passion for football is famous but the recent influx of | :19:06. | :19:09. | |
migrants as lead to an unexpected boon to already played sport in | :19:10. | :19:12. | |
Germany. The number of cricket teams has trebled in the lasso years and | :19:13. | :19:16. | |
the new arrivals are hoping more locals. Up to the wicket. -- more | :19:17. | :19:28. | |
locals step up to the wicket. Angela Merkel probably wasn't | :19:29. | :19:32. | |
expecting this. She predicted migration would change Germany. New | :19:33. | :19:37. | |
people, new customers, but now, there is also a new sport. It has | :19:38. | :19:43. | |
left the locals a little stumped. How did the German people react when | :19:44. | :19:51. | |
you started playing cricket? It was only a little bit of a response from | :19:52. | :19:57. | |
some people because they said, this is Germany, nobody really plays | :19:58. | :20:03. | |
cricket, nobody played cricket here. That is changing. The number of | :20:04. | :20:11. | |
registered cricket players, mainly Pakistani and Afghan, has trebled in | :20:12. | :20:15. | |
the last year and here in an eastern time, they have just opened | :20:16. | :20:22. | |
Germany's 100 cricket club. It is something we did not have in Germany | :20:23. | :20:26. | |
and we can learn something about the game and about other cultures. Have | :20:27. | :20:31. | |
you found it difficult to understand the rules? Yes, it was very | :20:32. | :20:36. | |
difficult. LAUGHTER Finau, local league glory but they | :20:37. | :20:42. | |
dream of playing for Germany. -- for now. After all, they owe this | :20:43. | :20:49. | |
country. This man works as a handyman as he waits, he hopes for | :20:50. | :20:57. | |
asylum status. I think games and sport is our best way to make a | :20:58. | :21:02. | |
unity because in cricket, we have Muslim guys, Christian guys, guys | :21:03. | :21:15. | |
who belong to seek family. -- Sikh family. To be a team member is in | :21:16. | :21:22. | |
good spirit. Migration has unsettled Germany. A few months ago, locals | :21:23. | :21:27. | |
cheered as a refugee home burned down. This country is struggling to | :21:28. | :21:34. | |
integrate the new arrivals. They can't offer them things like German | :21:35. | :21:39. | |
Pleasance, schooling -- German lessons. So they are sitting in | :21:40. | :21:44. | |
their homes doing nothing and playing cricket gets them out of | :21:45. | :21:48. | |
where they are living and they are learning the German language, German | :21:49. | :21:54. | |
characteristics, like punctuality and reliability. It is a borrowed | :21:55. | :21:59. | |
football field and equipment donated, but they are playing. It is | :22:00. | :22:05. | |
just a makeshift pitch and a handful of players and spectators but to | :22:06. | :22:10. | |
then, this is much more than a game of cricket, it is, they say, a | :22:11. | :22:14. | |
symbol of the way this country is changing. | :22:15. | :22:23. | |
Finally, the whole world suffered a huge sense of loss with the death of | :22:24. | :22:29. | |
Muhammad Ali last week, one of the greatest boxers of all time. He was | :22:30. | :22:33. | |
also a prominent figure out side of the ring. In the 1960s, he was | :22:34. | :22:39. | |
leading civil rights activist in America and his influence on racial | :22:40. | :22:43. | |
equality was felt far beyond shores of the United States. | :22:44. | :22:51. | |
Britain in the 1960s was deeply divided. New arrivals from the | :22:52. | :23:00. | |
Commonwealth were denied housing and work. It was to America that black | :23:01. | :23:04. | |
Britons would look for cultural icons and it didn't come much bigger | :23:05. | :23:12. | |
than Muhammad Ali. Someone like Muhammad Ali came on the scene, he | :23:13. | :23:19. | |
made us feel so good, as young people. He was of great significance | :23:20. | :23:25. | |
for someone like myself who was involved in radical politics. I was | :23:26. | :23:33. | |
a member of a black party movement and people... Angela Davis, Malcom X | :23:34. | :23:41. | |
were our heroes when we were teenagers. Muhammad Ali fit nicely | :23:42. | :23:54. | |
within that group of people. In 1963, activist Paul Stephenson | :23:55. | :23:57. | |
successfully led a campaign to boycott a bus company in Bristol | :23:58. | :24:01. | |
refusing to employ black and Asian drivers. The fight for racial | :24:02. | :24:03. | |
equality was the making of a friendship with Muhammad Ali. He | :24:04. | :24:14. | |
wanted to see England. We spoke about how we can deal with racism. | :24:15. | :24:22. | |
And how it can be used to get England talking about racism. In | :24:23. | :24:27. | |
1974, he visited Brixton and it brought the streets to a standstill. | :24:28. | :24:31. | |
Photographer Neil cannot, caught on camera pivotal moments in black | :24:32. | :24:36. | |
British history. It was fantastic, that he decided to leave America | :24:37. | :24:42. | |
come to come to Brixton, to support our community. That is what really | :24:43. | :24:51. | |
touches me and of course... He would play with the people and talk to | :24:52. | :24:55. | |
anybody and touch them. He was incredible. He didn't really behave | :24:56. | :25:07. | |
like other successful and rich superstars. Muhammad Ali will be | :25:08. | :25:14. | |
remembered as one of the greatest boxers of all time. But to many, his | :25:15. | :25:19. | |
greatest legacy was his fight for civil rights. | :25:20. | :25:25. | |
The lasting legacy of Muhammad Ali who died last week. That is all from | :25:26. | :25:34. | |
Reporters this week. By Finau. -- goodbye for now. | :25:35. | :25:52. | |
Good evening. More storms around I'm afraid, if you are heading out on | :25:53. | :25:57. | |
the roads in the | :25:58. | :25:58. |