11/06/2016 Reporters


11/06/2016

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Those are the headlines, thank you for your company today. Chris Rogers

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will be here at the top of the hour with the latest BBC News.

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Welcome to Reporters, I am Christian Fraser. We send out correspondence

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to bring you the best stories from across the globe and in this week's

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programme... Changing young attitudes to aids, David Beckham

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visits Swaziland, the country with the highest rate of HIV infection,

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and tells them, you need to wear a condom. Educating children, young

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boys, that could be your sister, that is your mum. That is your

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cousin. Afghanistan's stolen treasures, we investigate how tense

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of thousands of dollars worth of the country's natural resources are

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being looted. This has been treasured for thousands of years and

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most of the supply of the world is right here in Afghanistan. The

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battle for Falluja, at the height of the fighting, we join in rocky

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helicopter violence waging war against the so-called Islamic State.

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What these pilots... Taking Falluja, it has been 24 hours a day and eat

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day, just getting harder. Fusion of the species, Fergus Walsh

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investigates how scientists are using animals to grow human organs.

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This sound is pregnant with embryos which contain human cells. I will be

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reporting about why scientists think it could be the answer to the

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world's organ donor shortage. And new people, new customs, new sport.

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Jenny Hill reports on how Germany is being bowled over by cricket. This

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is much more than a game of cricket, it is a symbol, the way this country

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is changing. It has been called the epicentre of

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the global HIV crisis. The kingdom of Swaziland in southern Africa has

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the highest rate of HIV infection in the world. The situation is being

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made worse by a drought across the region, putting pressure on

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resources and affecting many vulnerable children. Many born with

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the disease. The former England football captain David Beckham has

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set up his own charitable fund, in conjunction with Unicef. We joined

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him on a trip to Swaziland where he met mothers and children living with

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the disease. This man is an adult before his

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time, this teenager gathers the ward, cooks meals and looks after

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his grandmother, after losing both his parents. He is HIV-positive.

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This is a nuclear family. There is that pain but I accept it. In my

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life. But I do not have parents, some adults, some of my peers have

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parents. SINGING And unreal suspension from the daily

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grind. Into the team club comes David Beckham, global superstar and

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now almost full-time charity worker. The children at this team support

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group give him a raucous welcome. All are HIV-positive, the virus

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passed down from the mother to child, all face a lifetime on drugs.

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Those drugs are freely available but Swaziland remains known as the

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epicentre of HIV. David Beckham said the challenge is to get young boys

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to understand, they must protect the girls they sleep with from this

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sexually transmitted disease. Educating children, young boys,

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that's, that could be your sister, your mum, your cousin. The

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protection that you need to prevent contracting HIV and aids. You need

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to wear a condom. For many, the stigma of having HIV remains. We

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cannot share the face of this girl, she has HIV, as does almost every

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member of the family, she faces cruelty from some. She told me,

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there are some people she feels hurt by when she told them she was

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HIV-positive, they started telling everybody, including some teachers

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and that was upsetting. For children in Swaziland living with HIV, there

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is now a new challenge, drought. The crops have failed, it means people

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are going hungry. If children are going hungry, it means they don't

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want to take their drugs and if they don't do that, they are more likely

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to develop full-blown Aids. There is hope for the brand-new generation.

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HIV-positive women are taking the right medication in pregnancy and

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transmission rates to their babies have dropped dramatically. David

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Beckham is harnessing the power of celebrity to a cause that needs

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urgent funds. His appeal is undoubted here. The world's response

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is less certain. It is the precious gem that have

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been mined from the mountains of Afghanistan, for more than 6000

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years. The blue stone known as lapis lazuli like is now being stolen from

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the Afghan people. An investigation by local witness says armed groups

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including the Taliban on looting tends of millions of dollars worth

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of the country's natural resources, further fuelling the conflict there.

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The Afghan people are losing out on what should be a source of

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development. EXPLOSIONS This is the moment is huge bomb

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exploded in Kabul in April. The blast killed more than 60 people.

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And that blast can be traced back to this stuff. This is lapis lazuli

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light and it has been treasured for thousands of years, most of the

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world's supply is right here in Afghanistan. The story of how this

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treasure is being stolen from the Afghan people is powerful evidence

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of how corruption is undermining Afghanistan. The place it is mind is

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almost as beautiful as the lapis lazuli light itself. The treasure

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has been dug from these mountains for more than 6000 years. But the

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mines are no far too dangerous to visit. These pictures were filmed by

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the BBC almost 20 years ago but little has changed. Commander Malik

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who the BBC team met all those years ago, is now the warlord in charge of

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the entire mine complex. Such is his power that even senior government

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officials don't want to speak on camera at they do confirm Abdul

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Malik has taken this astonishing national resource by force and is

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smuggling it out of the country. A secret memo to the President of

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Afghanistan obtained by the BBC, confirms what the official told me.

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The President's chief adviser on mines warns, even the presence of

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Mafia and extent of government corruption, it is now very difficult

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to control graphed in this sector. But by far, the biggest beneficiary

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is the Taliban. According to a two year investigation by the

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anti-corruption NGO, global witness. It has been benefiting this militia

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group to the tune of ten 's of millions of dollars a year. But they

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have also been making payments to the Taliban and our information is

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that at the moment, more than 50% of revenue coming from the mind is

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being handed straight to the Taliban. Meanwhile, the Afghan

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people are losing out on what should be a source of development.

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TRANSLATION: Instead of creating employment and stability, the lapis

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lazuli minds are funding the insurgency, it is a curse and it

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takes people's lives. That is why corruption in Afghanistan is so

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important. What should be an incredible resource for the

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country's fuelling a conflict that affect us all.

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The battle for Falluja has been long and hard as the major offensive to

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recapture Iraqis's key city from so-called Islamic State fighters has

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met fierce resistance. Iraqi forces have been bombing from the air as

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well as the ground. We were given exclusive access to Iraqi helicopter

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pilots as they flew their combat missions over Falluja.

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The battle for Falluja is underway. I must offensive to recapture the

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city from IS fighters. -- a massive offensive. This is what it looks

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like from above. We are over a village north of

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Falluja. The pilot have been told more than 20 IS fighters are meeting

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in a building. For these pilots, the fight to

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retain Falluja has been a 24 hour a day, full-time job and each day,

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just getting harder. I asked fighting back.

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Around 50,000 civilians are trapped down there. It is hard to know who

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is an enemy. There are believed to be up to 3000 IS fighters in the

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city. Accused of killing civilians and using them as human shields. For

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some, like Mohammed, this battle is personal. He is from Falluja and his

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family was trapped in the city. He was told the IS fighters had taken

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over his own home. TRANSLATION: They had seen pictures of me in uniform.

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They said I was an infidel and they would kill me. I dropped a bomb that

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destroyed my house, I asked for the mission. It wasn't my home any more.

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The pilots are also helping evacuate the injured. This is proving a tough

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battle. Air power is vital. And the hardest fighting is yet to come.

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Too big medical breakthrough now that could change the lives of

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everyone the planet. American scientists have used a process known

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as gene editing to try to grow human organs inside pigs. The pioneering

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technique involves in Jack King human stem cells into pig embryos.

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Some experts believe the technique provides the answer to the global

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organ transplant shortage. Fergus Walsh reports, but it also raises

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serious ethical issues. You are watching two species being

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mixed. Human stem cells being injected into one-day-old pig

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embryo. You can see them travelling down the tube. This biologist in

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California in trying to grow human pancreas inside a pig. Our hope is

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that this pig embryo will develop normally at the pancreas will be

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made up almost exclusively of human cells. So then, that pancreas could

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be compatible with a patient for transplantation. The technique is

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known as Gene editing. It uses molecular scissors to delete the DNA

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instructions in the pig embryo to create a pancreas. The human cells

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will hopefully fill the void and grow human pancreas instead. The

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same technique might enable other organs to be grown for transplant.

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The BBC's panorama was allowed to film the sow s which were pregnant

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with human pig embryos. If human stem cells were taken from a

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patient, the transplant organs could be tissue matched, reducing the risk

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of rejection. This research raises profound ethical concerns,

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crucially, just how human are the piglets developing inside this sow?

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It is such a sensitive area, that the embryos will not be permitted to

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go to term but be removed for tissue analysis after 28 days gestation,

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when they are about a centimetre long. Crucially, they will check

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whether the pigs developing brain games humanlike polities, another

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pioneer in this field told me this question has yet to be resolved.

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What ever organ we try to make, we will look at what is happening in

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the brain and if we find that it is to humanlike, we will not let those

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foetuses be born. Organisations campaigning to an end to factory

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farming are dismayed by the thought of organ farms. I am nervous about

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opening up a new source of animal suffering, let's first get more

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people to donate organs. If there is still a shortage, we can consider

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using pigs but on the basis that we eat less meat so there is no

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increase in the number of pigs being used for human purposes. 7000 people

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in the UK are on the transplant waiting list and hundreds died each

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year before a donor can be found. But patient trials involving Gene

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editing pig organs are still some way off.

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For many homosexual men living in deeply religious or Conservative

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societies, being gay can mean being criminalised, jailed and in some

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cases, facing the death penalty. What if you are gay and a religious

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teacher? In Iran, one gay man, also a cleric, has been forced to seek

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refuge in Turkey because he was conducting gay weddings in secret.

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This man goes through the ritual of putting on his additional outfit

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before going to pray at the local mosque. Like many other men in the

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run, they ruled the country and advise people on spiritual matters.

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These clerics are highly respected but also feared for the power they

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wield. I meet him in a mosque in Istanbul

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where he has come to pray. He told me he tried to keep his sexual

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orientation quiet but his life was exposed, especially when he started

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conducting gay weddings in secret. Istanbul is unique in the Muslim

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world for the tolerance of homosexuality. The city has several

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gay bars and clubs. We come to a spot, famous for its gay scene.

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Venues like this are new in Istanbul as well. Now we are sitting in one

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of them under one side we have the gay Mola and two uranium refugees

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who fled from the country on the other side. This man plans to get

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married to his partner and he hopes that this man to conduct the

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ceremony. This man left Iran one month ago and

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he is not out to his family and doesn't want to be identified.

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A city of a thousand mosques, will be his temporary home before his

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final destination, Canada. Will Iran ever accept him the way he is? Is he

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to gay to be a mullah? Or is he too much of a mullah to be gay?

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Gemili's passion for football is famous but the recent influx of

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migrants as lead to an unexpected boon to already played sport in

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Germany. The number of cricket teams has trebled in the lasso years and

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the new arrivals are hoping more locals. Up to the wicket. -- more

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locals step up to the wicket. Angela Merkel probably wasn't

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expecting this. She predicted migration would change Germany. New

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people, new customers, but now, there is also a new sport. It has

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left the locals a little stumped. How did the German people react when

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you started playing cricket? It was only a little bit of a response from

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some people because they said, this is Germany, nobody really plays

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cricket, nobody played cricket here. That is changing. The number of

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registered cricket players, mainly Pakistani and Afghan, has trebled in

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the last year and here in an eastern time, they have just opened

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Germany's 100 cricket club. It is something we did not have in Germany

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and we can learn something about the game and about other cultures. Have

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you found it difficult to understand the rules? Yes, it was very

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difficult. LAUGHTER Finau, local league glory but they

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dream of playing for Germany. -- for now. After all, they owe this

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country. This man works as a handyman as he waits, he hopes for

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asylum status. I think games and sport is our best way to make a

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unity because in cricket, we have Muslim guys, Christian guys, guys

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who belong to seek family. -- Sikh family. To be a team member is in

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good spirit. Migration has unsettled Germany. A few months ago, locals

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cheered as a refugee home burned down. This country is struggling to

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integrate the new arrivals. They can't offer them things like German

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Pleasance, schooling -- German lessons. So they are sitting in

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their homes doing nothing and playing cricket gets them out of

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where they are living and they are learning the German language, German

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characteristics, like punctuality and reliability. It is a borrowed

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football field and equipment donated, but they are playing. It is

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just a makeshift pitch and a handful of players and spectators but to

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then, this is much more than a game of cricket, it is, they say, a

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symbol of the way this country is changing.

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Finally, the whole world suffered a huge sense of loss with the death of

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Muhammad Ali last week, one of the greatest boxers of all time. He was

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also a prominent figure out side of the ring. In the 1960s, he was

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leading civil rights activist in America and his influence on racial

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equality was felt far beyond shores of the United States.

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Britain in the 1960s was deeply divided. New arrivals from the

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Commonwealth were denied housing and work. It was to America that black

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Britons would look for cultural icons and it didn't come much bigger

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than Muhammad Ali. Someone like Muhammad Ali came on the scene, he

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made us feel so good, as young people. He was of great significance

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for someone like myself who was involved in radical politics. I was

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a member of a black party movement and people... Angela Davis, Malcom X

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were our heroes when we were teenagers. Muhammad Ali fit nicely

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within that group of people. In 1963, activist Paul Stephenson

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successfully led a campaign to boycott a bus company in Bristol

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refusing to employ black and Asian drivers. The fight for racial

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equality was the making of a friendship with Muhammad Ali. He

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wanted to see England. We spoke about how we can deal with racism.

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And how it can be used to get England talking about racism. In

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1974, he visited Brixton and it brought the streets to a standstill.

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Photographer Neil cannot, caught on camera pivotal moments in black

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British history. It was fantastic, that he decided to leave America

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come to come to Brixton, to support our community. That is what really

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touches me and of course... He would play with the people and talk to

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anybody and touch them. He was incredible. He didn't really behave

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like other successful and rich superstars. Muhammad Ali will be

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remembered as one of the greatest boxers of all time. But to many, his

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greatest legacy was his fight for civil rights.

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The lasting legacy of Muhammad Ali who died last week. That is all from

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Reporters this week. By Finau. -- goodbye for now.

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Good evening. More storms around I'm afraid, if you are heading out on

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the roads in the

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