07/06/2016 Scotland 2016

David Cameron and Nigel Farage face a public grilling.

David Cameron and Nigel Farage square up on TV.

We hear what MEPs in Strasbourg and young people in Glasgow think

From what I can tell from the polls, it seems quite close. It is quite

worrying to me. And we're in California

for the latest on Hillary Clinton's bid for the Democratic presidential

nomination. It was the showdown neither side

in the EU referendum wanted - the Prime Minister versus Nigel

Farage. In the end, they didn't go

head-to-head, but they did face quite a grilling from a live TV

audience on ITV. First up was Mr Farage arguing

to leave, saying the cost of EU David Cameron then put the case

to remain, rejecting accusations he was scaremongering

about the potential economic Our reporter Andrew Black

was watching the whole event It was quite an intense hour of

questioning. How did they do? You are right. It was intense and this

promised to be one of the big TV events of the referendum campaign,

because on one side we had David Cameron, the guy that wanted to hold

this referendum in the first place, and on the other, Nigel Farage, not

necessarily the guy that the Leave campaign wanted to be taking part.

And also the guy David Cameron wanted to take down as a result of

the referendum. A pretty tough grilling by the studio audience. One

issue that came up, and it is not surprising, more than anything, was

that of immigration. Nigel Farage has been relentlessly

anti-immigration during this campaign, even a discriminatory

against foreign people. And here is what he has to say. I take overview

that is strongly pro-Commonwealth. If we have an Australian style

points system, rather than an open door to 508 million people, then,

actually, it will be better for black people coming into the Briton,

who currently find it is difficult because we have this open door.

Immigration has been a difficult issue for David Cameron, because he

had pledged to try to get the figures down and has had a tough

time doing that, but he argued that the way that he wanted to do it

would work much better if Britain was in the EU. Here is what he told

the audience. Uniquely in Britain, you have to work here for four

years, paying into the system, contributing to our economy, before

you get full access to our welfare system. I think that is a really

good proposal, and one of course that we only get if we stay. If we

leave, reform is over and I worry for what would happen to our economy

and the jobs and the livelihoods of people, which I think is the most

important thing in this referendum. We had David Cameron talking about

the economy, that was the other big issue of the debate tonight, whether

Britain is better or worse off, if it comes out or stays in the EU.

Nigel Farage has spent his whole political life campaigning for a

Brexit. He said the whole thing was completely knackered and it was time

to get out. I think it's done for, frankly. I think the Eurozone is a

catastrophe. Just look at what they've done to Greece and those

Mediterranean countries. The migrant crisis is now not just dividing

countries, but dividing within countries, leading to a whole new

brand of politics. The money has run out. And yet, at the same time, they

are saving up for the day after our referendum. The economy has been

absolutely central to the campaign to remain in the EU and to David

Cameron especially. Arguments around the single market. David Cameron

said tonight, as he has before, even though he gets massively frustrated

with the EU sometimes, he reckons Britain is better off inside the

tent rather than out because essentially the single market would

still exist, however the referendum goes. Here is what he said on that.

And here's what really happens if we leave. Of course we'd still want to

sell into the single market, so we still have to meet all the rules and

regulations that the Brussels lays down, but we won't be at table.

We'll be like a country with our ear and face pressed against the glass,

trying to find out what is happening with the 27 countries making rules

that affect our country. I would say that is no way for the fifth biggest

economy in the world to behave. That was pretty much it for the debate

tonight. Immigration and economy, I reckon, in the 16 days that we have

left until polling day, that is pretty much how it will go from now

on in. Sure there will be plenty more debate to come. Thanks very

much. So how is all of this going down

in the epicentre of Europe? Our political correspondent

Nick Eardley is at the European Earlier today he met two MEPs who -

despite sharing the same job - do not share the same views

on whether the UK should leave So we are standing just outside the

main chamber in the European Parliament here in Strasbourg. I'm

with David McAllister, a German MEP from Angela Merkel's CDU. His father

was born in Scotland. I have Peter, who is from the Swedish Democrats.

You are largely a Eurosceptic. Why do you think the UK should leave the

EU? I think this is pretty much an undemocratic institution. We have

always been a net contributor from Sweden, and I believe this money

would come in handy in Sweden and I really don't see a problem getting

out of this mess, having a prospering country that makes deals

of its own. David, you think the EU works for member states and helps

people. I sincerely hope that the people in the UK will vote to remain

on the 23rd of June. The European union is an institution which of

course can be improved. I am very much aware of the shortcomings, but

in general, this has been an economic success and the European

integration story has been one of peace, reconciliation, and countries

working together. I strongly believe that the United Kingdom is safer,

stronger and better off in the EU. You don't agree with Peter pot idea

that it is undemocratic. No. Of course we can make the EU even more

democratic and we have been working on this for the last few years.

Since the Lisbon Treaty, we made a major step forward. I believe the

European Union has to become even more democratic, more transparent,

more competitive, more effective. We have to fight red tape. In general,

the EU is about the single market and the single market is an economic

success for all 28 member states. Is that not an important point, Peter?

It's Sweden of the UK left the single market, there would be

economic consequences. The won I don't believe that. To be a

successful exporter, it needs to have good quality products. If you

have those coming you will always have a market for them. I can't see

the CEO of Volkswagen?, Audi, for example saying, after Brexit, we

won't sell cars to the UK. Of course they want to sell. Maybe tariffs?

They will adapt to that market. I see a much more fair way of trade.

Now we are not allowed to make any agreements, only the ones that the

European Parliament says you can do. I think it is undemocratic. I don't

see any problems in leaving. This institution was built to prevent the

peace and create a free trade market. If it had stayed with that,

it wouldn't be a problem, but since the Lisbon treaty came into place,

it has become a power hungry house that wants to take more and more

control of the member states and stick their tentacles into more

national legislation. Is that fair? Is the EU expanding too much the

idea that member states pool and share, because they believe that

they are stronger together, as if they were hanged things on their

own. That is the idea of the EU. -- handling things on their own. We

have a union that shows Flex ability. We have 28 member stays

within the framework of a single market, but we have member states

who have introduced the euro. A joint currency. We fully accept that

the UK does not want the euro, but others do and we will have a more

flexible European Union in my view in next few years. Once again, in a

globalised world on the 21st century, every country in Europe is

a small country compared to China, Russia, or the USA. That is once

again the whole idea of the European union. Together, we are stronger. I

know you've been watching the debate in Germany. Do you think the tone of

the debate has been heated at point in the UK? Do you think it has been

fair to the EU? The British campaign has come a lot of media coverage in

Germany. Exceptionally a lot of media coverage. Because, like all

other member states, Germany is a very much interested that the UK

remains an active part of the union. Especially Germany and the United

Kingdom, when it comes to making the EU more competitive and more

effective. The debate, in my view, has been rather harsh in the last

few days. Personally, I think it is very unfair how people from the

Brexit side are campaigning. They are getting the facts wrong and what

they are doing is, if you give them facts, especially economic fact,

they are always talking about fear, scaremongering, and other things.

They are losing the economic argument and is trying to take it to

other fields. Personally, as a German citizen, I was very upset

about the comment from Boris Johnson, you cannot compare the

European Union with the European ideas of Adolf Hitler. I think that

was an appalling comment and I was glad to see that a lot of people in

the UK also said, he has gone too far. Boris Johnson did contest that

his comments were taken somewhat out of context. Peter, do you agree? Do

you think the Leave side are making it up as they go along? No, because

if this was a normal company, it would be put out of business a long

time ago. Any company that doesn't have its accounts signed off for 20

years, and with loads of money just pouring out, they can't really

explain where they are going. Do you accept there would be risks of

leaving? I don't think there are any. It is scaremongering from the

Remains out from what I see. I want a Europe that cooperates, a Europe

that are friends with each other, and I don't see a problem in doing

the deals of your own and you don't have to go all the way past

Brussels. For example, they are introducing tax numbers to all

European citizens. It is a step of eventually getting to the point

where they will take tax money directly from salaries to finance

this house. That is pretty much about the luxury life. They know

nothing about how it is. Thank you. The views there from two MEPs in

Strasbourg. Back to you. Hillary Clinton looks set to become

the first female nominee Voting is underway in the last big

Democratic primaries in California But her challenger, Bernie Sanders,

still insists the race is too Shortly before we came on air,

I spoke to the BBC's LA So, Peter, has Hillary Clinton's

camp started celebrating? They are not celebrating just yet. When she

heard the news that, according to a news agency, she had the required

number of delegates. The conference delegates and so-called

superdelegates to win her party's nomination, she commented they were

on the brink of an historic and unprecedented moment, but she said,

hang on, let's have the final day or the final super Tuesday, as it's

known, six states including the big one, California, let those people

have their say, then take stock and perhaps that might be the time to

celebrate. Perhaps might be underplaying it. It is almost

certain that she will receive the required number of delegates to get

this historic nomination, the first woman nominated for a major American

political party to stand for president. Why is Bernie Sanders

saying it is still too early to call? What he has been doing for a

long time now, certainly several weeks, is pointing out the fact that

some of the delegates supporting Hillary Clinton, including discount,

are so-called superdelegates. What makes a superdelegates special is

that they have the right to change their mind between now, or at least

let is known what their decision is, and the convention at the end of

July. According to the Associated Press news agency, they have spoken

to many of these superdelegates, who have said quite categorically... He

can persuade them, certainly between now and the convention that he

stands a better chance of beating Donald Trump at the general election

and that perhaps some might change their mind. Most observers say that

it is extremely unlikely. If Hillary Clinton is the nominee, will Bernie

Sanders come onside and work with her? That is the big question. Let's

see what happens in about 12 hours, when we will know the results of

most of these states, and especially California. He has been pretty much

neck and neck in California over the last few weeks. If he were to win in

California, it may not change the big picture in terms of delegates,

but it would give him bragging rights and it would propel him

towards a possible appearance at the convention with some authority to

try to influence party policy and Hillary Clinton's policy if she were

the candidates moving forward to the general election fight. There are

differences between Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton. In terms policy

and he would see a win in California, as voter support for

some of his views, perhaps on campaign finance reform, that kind

of thing, to move forward. Peter, thank you.

They're one of the great mysteries of the universe,

predicted by Albert Einstein and proved to exist

Now a space probe, partly created at Glasgow University,

is involved in the search for gravitational waves.

And according to the European Space Agency, the mission

Just before we came on air, our science correspondent,

Gravitational waves, what are they and why do they matter? The ripples

in the fabric of space and time. Radio waves and like art on the

electromagnetic spectrum that this is something that works everything

around us, caused by enormous forces far away like colliding black holes

and they matter be as they enable us to prove that Einstein was right. We

have so far discovered one Robert told that -- gravitational wave

event, it was discovered on earth and its proved that Einstein, who

submitted his theory of relativity 100 years ago, was spot-on. What is

Glasgow University's rolled? This wave was discovered using these two

detectors. They sent off a laser beam, split it down the middle, sent

these waves for a few kilometres and brought them back together and that

created an interference pattern, something like that is called a

laser interferometer, Glasgow University have done some work on

that and delivered some key staff and that is what discovered

gravitational waves on earth. They'd then sent up a laser interferometer

on a satellite last year, and that shows how confident scientists were

the gravitational waves existed that they sent off something like Lisa

Pathfinder. Glasgow University put together this interferometer which

find tiny fluctuations. Harry Ward from Glasgow University can explain

it that than me. It is like using a ruler but the divisions on the ruler

aren't the wavelength of light, so unlike has a wavelength about

1,000,000th of a meter and we can subdivide that. The mission is going

better than expect. Lisa Pathfinder contains two cubes of platinum, they

sent them up there to freefall through space and according to the

news conference they held in Rome today, in three months they are

freefalling through space, not bashing off the inside of the

satellite, and not being influenced by outside influences like the's

magnetic field or the sudden's gravitational yield, and they are

providing extremely precise measurements, it is another Scottish

scientist to announced this, measurements which are five times

better than expected. The goal of Lisa Pathfinder

is to show we can take this cube, put it into a spacecraft,

launch it out to space and we can then set it free and so free

that there are no forces So what happens next? They put up

three of these satellites, each with a laser interferometer, they have

them five million kilometres apart, and that forms a perfect triangle

where they can measure, a bit like the arms on earth that discovered

the first gravitational wave, these will be long and can see black holes

colliding, neutron stars, it will enable us to discovered things we

have never had a chance of seeing before. Mind-boggling stuff. Thanks.

Here now to talk about the day's news are the writer Cal Flyn

and The Herald's chief reporter, David Leask.

Let's go back to that story about the ITV debate with David Cameron

and Nigel Farage. It was important for both of them, how did they do?

We were being appealed to give the British all the time, not about

being European, which was interesting, so Nigel Farage took

out his British passport, he told that a European passport, it wasn't

one of those hardback ones that used to terrify ordered guards, he

stressed the Britishness and Dave -- then David Cameron said the British

thing would be to stay in Europe. Do you think anyone came out on top?

There were no great loss either way but Nigel Farage showed she was

frustrated and he was a little bit under siege. He had a killer revived

taking questions from the audience and looking can but as soon as he

was hectored by the audience he got aggressive and I don't think that is

very, seeing him yelling at a young audience member I don't think we'll

bring anyone around. What you think about the Prime Minister's decision

not to go head to head with anyone? He doesn't want to appear to be the

clear of lesser mortals but many of the people he is against our his

fellow party members so he is saying he doesn't really like the EU but

reluctantly he thinks because of the economy we have to stick with it,

and that is a hard pitch against your own people, so I understand

where he is coming from but it would have been nice to see a head to

head. It would be nice to see passion, that feeling that something

valuable could be lost, not that jingoistic flag-waving side but

something that appeals to the emotional side of staying in.

Now, there's just over an hour left to register online to vote

There's been concern about voter apathy among the young.

Earlier today, we went along to Glasgow's Kelvingrove Park

to take the temperature among younger voters there.

Yes, we have. I haven't. I registered today. I had planned to

do it that I have obviously missed out. I might have a form in the

house but I should check that. I'm looking forward to voting and I

think the facts are out there for people to find. I think there have

been a lot of lies and propaganda and I don't think a lot of the

points have been well talked about. All the questions I agreed to work

asked by young people and didn't seem to be answered properly, so

frustrated. Maybe because I live in the studenty liberal bubble everyone

I know is voting to stay in, but from what I can tell from polls,

everyone in the wider public may vote to leave. I think they are

using scare tactics to make sure everyone will both to stay in

because David Cameron wants us to stay in. I'm with Boris Johnson. Do

you think younger voters are less engaged? Your package suggests that

the people I know who were younger seem to be less in Jade stone disc

got a referendum, there is a bit of passion about it, and that lack of

passion must be having an effect on some young people. It could be they

are less organised than older voters. On Monday the electoral

commission received 150,000 applications from people under the

age of 35 in one day, so maybe they are hurrying online now. It may be a

homework thing and that is the plus point of these digital ways of

registering because you can leave it until the last minute, so it is not

too late. There has been talk that it is too abstract, a bit boring,

maybe that is something that will be less encouraging to younger voters.

Perhaps to all of us, it has been a bit rink and we have not heard the

books selling the idea of Europe that protects us from our own state.

We have heard the full Saint reluctantly you have to stay in

because of the economy. Before we go, MSPs are now five times more

likely than the average Scot to be privately educated. It is up on the

last election, now one in five, to you think that matters Christmas? I

think public education itself is not necessarily a bad thing, you cannot

ban people who were publicly educated from representing as but it

shows what kind of person is succeeding today and we are lower

than in Westminster where more people have been to public school,

but it has risen and it is in that Tory heartland that have just come

through. One in two of the Conservative MSPs went to private

school, one in four Labour, one in ten for the SNP, should Parliament

be more representative? Parliament should look like the people it

represents, and we did not have as many women as you might expect that

there is more to educational apartheid then fee-paying schools

and nonpaying skills, and our research shows a lot of people who

went to good comprehensive schools and on to university do very well

and we know on the back payment that it is not just about ready your mum

and dad were rich enough, and we should not judge people because of

the choices their parents made. Did you think if they haven't been too

ordinary schools, can MSPs understand the problem? It is

possible but it is much harder and you have less natural affinity with

the questions aren't many people's minds. Thank you both for coming in.

David will be here tomorrow night at the usual time.

It's home to a million people at any one time...

..consumes tens of millions of meals,

burns around ?150 billion worth of jet fuel...

..and handles over three billion pieces of luggage a year.

discover there's more than the air beneath the wings