08/01/2016 Victoria Derbyshire


08/01/2016

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Transcript


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I'm Joanna Gosling, welcome to the programme.

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There's no safe limit for alcohol - even small amounts can increase

:00:11.:00:12.

We'll have all the details on new official guidelines,

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we'll answer your questions and we want to know if you plan

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We've gathered a selection of drinkers at our own bar

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to discuss their drinking habits, and a doctor's here, too.

:00:25.:00:30.

Also today: Aid is on its way to the besieged Syrian town

:00:31.:00:33.

of Madaya prompted by shocking stories of people

:00:34.:00:34.

We'll talk to people with links to the town about whether enough

:00:35.:00:42.

Plus later experimental songwriter Jack Garratt tops the BBC's Sound

:00:43.:00:45.

He'll be here for his first TV interview to talk about his music.

:00:46.:01:06.

Hello, welcome to the programme, we're on BBC Two and the BBC

:01:07.:01:09.

Do get in touch with your comments and questions on the new alcohol

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guidelines, and we'll try to answer them.

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We will bring your comments into our discussion as well.

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We'll also have the latest on the severe flood warnings

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Dozens of people have been rescued from their homes near Aberdeen -

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if you're affected then let us know how bad it is.

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We value all your contributions to this programme.

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Texts will be charged at the standard network rate.

:01:38.:01:39.

And, of course, you can watch the programme online wherever

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you are - via the BBC News app or our website bbc.co.uk/victoria -

:01:42.:01:45.

and you can also subscribe to all our features on the news app

:01:46.:01:48.

by going to "add topics" and searching "Victoria Derbyshire."

:01:49.:01:53.

The link between alcohol and diseases like cancer mean

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there is no safe limit to alcohol consumption,

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that's according to tough new guidelines from the UK's

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The limit for what men are advised to drink is now the same as that

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for women - 14 units of alcohol per week.

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But what exactly does a unit of alcohol look like?

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In a standard pint of beer like this or a large glass of wine like this

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there is roughly two units of alcohol, stronger beers and wines

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So under the new guidelines you could have around seven pints

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of beer or seven glasses of wine compared to the old guidelines

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where men would be allowed 21 units, or roughly 10 pints a week.

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So currently one of these glasses of beer or wine would be the maximum we

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could have each day. Women who are pregnant

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are being told they should So here is how the

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advice has changed. In a standard pint of beer,

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and a large glass of wine, or two shots of spirits,

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it is roughly two units. Stronger beers and

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wines will have more. Previous advice was that men should

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limit themselves to 21 units a week, Women should drink no more

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than 14 units a week, Now, though, the new advice is that

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men and women should both limit themselves to the same -

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14 units per week, roughly seven Plus the advice is to give yourself

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several alcohol free days each week But at home how many people actually

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measure out their drinks? Doctors say the link between alcohol

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and diseases like cancer means there is no level of drinking

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that is completely safe. Barbara is a student

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who's in her early 20s. Cider is her drink of choice

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and she reckons she drinks around He's a pensioner and enjoys a good

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tipple in the evening - which usually comes in at around

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a half bottle at night, which we've rounded

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to around four bottles week. And also with us is Jonathan,

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who definitely likes his pints. He reckons he sinks

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around 15 pints a week. We also have with us

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Dr Ellie Cannon, who is here to help Thank you all for joining us. Roddy,

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you seem to have the highest alcohol consumption around the table, not

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criticising but just wondering what you think about the new guidelines,

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you are obviously exceeding them by quite some way? I am not really

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exceeding the upper limit of the previous guidelines. Yes, I am

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exceeding the new guidelines. I am very concerned that we are being

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bombarded with new studies over the last 20 or 30 years that have been

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endless, including quite a fee which demonstrate a crossover between the

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health benefits of drinking and the health benefits of not drinking. I

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have read studies which show that about 35 units a week, I even found

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one that said 63 units a week with a crossover point between teetotallers

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and social drinkers. What I am concerned about is that every new

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study which comes out seems to trump the previous studies. Are we know

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saying that all those previous studies were bunkum? I don't know,

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had to Ellie can help. Would you say you are confused or you just

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discount everything because you don't know what to believe any more?

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I don't discount everything, my background is scientific I

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understand the scientific method. The studies that I have read,

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though, seem no less thorough than the research that has gone into the

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most recent finding. Yes, I am sceptical about the information we

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are given. Would you change your behaviour as a result of the new

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guidance? I constantly change my behaviour, but not very radically, I

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think. I like to have an understanding of how I am treating

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my body. Jonathan, what do you think about the new guidelines? I think

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they are a little bit silly. To start with, the old guidelines, I

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was not really sure what a unit equals and what is the amount you

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are supposed to be drinking. Or do you find what has come out today

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clearer, to some extent? To some extent, but on one hand we are being

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told that any amount of alcohol is bad, but if you are going to drink,

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only drink this much. I look up his pint glass of wine and I think it is

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laughable. If I am going to the pub, if I am just going to have one drink

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it would almost be better to alcohol is bad, don't drink at all. Why is

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it laughable to just have one page? It is a little bit about the culture

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in the UK, it is not like in continental Europe where you go out

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and have drinks and nibbles. When I go out, the pubs shut at 11. That is

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not saying everybody is drinking as much as they can until that point,

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everyone has different ways of dealing with things, but I don't

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drink excessively. I think it would be better to say alcohol is bad and

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we recommend you don't drink anything than say there is an

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opportune at that they will recommend that is probably quite

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hard to stick to. Will anything today make you look at an change

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your behaviour? I think what we are being told is pretty sensible. I

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don't think I believe that drinking alcohol is necessarily good for you.

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I think a lot of recommendations around taking days off are very

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sensible. I think more recommendations and guidance around

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how to act rather than limits in place, rather than saying don't

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drink more than that, is sensible. The impact it has on me, when it

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says, don't drink more than 14 units, you almost take that as a

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headline and discount everything else. Barbara? Guidelines are

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therefore for our safety and health. I am not sure it will massively

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change the way that I drink because the way that I drink is probably

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quite different to the way... Probably three pints we can average?

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I am not a heavy drink. I mostly do with socially, sometimes they do by

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myself but usually only when there is an event or something going on. I

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don't think it will massively change my consumption, but it is important

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to have a discussion about how alcohol impact health. The

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guidelines are guidelines, it is not law, it will not be enforced, but it

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is making people aware that alcohol impact your health and you should

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think about a more carefully. Ellie, you are our studio doctor, do you

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think people should sit up and take notice? It is the first time an

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explicit link has been drawn by the Chief Medical Officer between any

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amount of drinking, every sip of alcohol, she says, increases your

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risk of cancer. Is Barbara said, ringing as guidelines is a good way

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to open the discussion and get people talking. -- bringing out

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guidelines. Within the health profession we

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guidelines. Within the health cancers. I think the problem which

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Roddy verbalised, which I totally agree with, there are so many

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guidelines that come out and there are so many scientific papers that

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one can almost look for the answer one wants and then find it. Like you

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said, you found a paper that said one wants and then find it. Like you

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about 63 units. In fairness to the Chief Medical Officer, this is not

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about 63 units. In fairness to the just one study, it is a collation

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about 63 units. In fairness to the all about the scientific knowledge,

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so I genuinely believe that these guidelines are probably correct, but

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it gets diverted by all of the health messages we are bombarded by.

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-- pets die looted. I am not surprised that as the lay public you

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are confused and sceptical. What the Chief Medical Officer is saying,

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Roddy, it is about what people regard as unacceptable level of

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risk. Boiling down your level of alcohol consumption on a risk

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analysis, you have a one in ten chance at least of dying of

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something that is a direct result of alcohol consumption. And a nine in

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ten chance of dying alcohol consumption. And a nine in

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related to alcohol. I am concerned about the sheer volume... So on

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related to alcohol. I am concerned point about the risk, you are saying

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nine in ten chance of not, you think one in ten is a risk you are happy

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to take? I am going to die of something. And the trouble with

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writs, and I have this conversation a lot in GP surgeries, you should

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not be smoking, doing this or that, Roddy's risk of dying from an

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alcohol-related disease is combines with the risks by the arrest of his

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life behaviour. Perhaps he is a marathon runner and that reduces his

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risk, perhaps he does other positive things within his diet that reduces

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risk. So talking to people about the risk simply from alcohol is

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unnatural, really, because nobody lives like that. Happens if your red

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glass of wine was as a part of Mediterranean diet, with the risk be

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reduced? Compared to if you had your glass of wine with fast food every

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day? Do you see what I mean? It is part of a holistic approach to life

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which I think for an individual is very hard to way up. Barbara, to

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health concerns come into the equation for you and risk analysis

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when you think about how much you drink? Like Ellie just said, there

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are so many risks when you walk out of your door in the morning that

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something could happen to you or your lifestyle and have a really bad

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impact on your health. It is about opening the conversation and having

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these conversations. We want people to be open and honest about their

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alcohol consumption and we want the Government to guide us in the limits

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that are safe, but ultimately people had to make that choice for

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themselves about whether it is OK to have a really bad diet and drink

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lots of alcohol and smoke, which can increase the risk in your health of

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you getting ill or dying, et cetera, getting cancer et cetera. I just

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want to bring in some comments, lots of people are getting into it. Derek

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has e-mailed saying I gave up three years ago after heart failure, don't

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miss it but TV companies should stop showing programmes like soaps where

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people drink and cookery programmes where alcohol is used in large

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quantities. Mick says my father who lived until the age of 91 only drank

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up a pub on a Friday evening, on a Saturday evening he would take my

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wonderful mum out for a beer, no wine. Nobody got drunk or fell over.

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Larson says I live in France and have drugs three quarters of a

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bottle of red wine every day for the last 25 years, I have no cancer and

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do not intend to change. Why are the French and Spanish, who drink with

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every meal, not dropping like flies? Martin asks, Ellie, does the study

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allow for other parallel factors? Those who drink are more likely to

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be overweight and exercise less. This is not a study, this is a

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collation of studies, the guidance was based on a huge body of

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evidence. They look at what we call confounding factor does, which is

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what I was talking about. The drinking of the red wine or beer is

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not in isolation. -- factors. It is hard for people to weigh up risk.

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Somebody drinking two units of alcohol every day, has a very good

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diet, exercises and lives very well is in a different situation to

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somebody who drinks two units a day, is eating poorly and not exercising.

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That is a message that we had to convey to people, it is about your

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whole lifestyle, not one issue. What we are hearing today is that every

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sip of alcohol increases your risk of cancer. When you hear something

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as stark as that, does it make you think again about drinking? I guess

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it certainly makes you think harder, but the message has been down looted

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by the fact they are not saying don't drink at all, drink up to 14

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units a week. -- the message has been diluted. But it is part of a

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wider lifestyle discussion. You said you couldn't imagine going to the

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pub for the evening and nursing one pint. How much does peer pressure

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come into it? I don't think it is peer pressure so much as how much

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people socialise. Would you feel odd with one point if everyone was

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drinking lots? Absolutely not. -- one pint. What is the point of

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guidelines for the sake of guidelines? My question would we

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want to you want people to do with them? If you want to change my

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behaviours, great, but is setting an arbitrary limit around alcohol going

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to make an impact? If you are trying to convince people who are drinking

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heavily with bad diet and bad routines to change behaviours, I

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would suggest that these guidelines will not do anything. Perhaps the

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better thing to do would be to take a more legislative approach and say,

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well, currently you are allowed to have a little bit of alcohol and

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dry. If alcohol is bad for you, why do we change it so you can drink and

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drive at all? Things like that would be more likely to change behaviours

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than confuse guidelines. -- can't drink and drive. I think we suffer

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from advice overload. The newspaper I read has help advise virtually

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every day, a new story. -- has health advice. This week we have had

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antioxidants, but is now back in, I think, yesterday in Parliament they

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were promoting black pudding as the new wonder food. Where will it end?

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We have stopped taking notice. What about the way alcohol makes you

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feel, if you would feel better potentially by not drinking with

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people saying they have given up and they have never felt better. Would

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that make you change? Yes, it would, but I do not drink alcohol to the

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degree it makes me feel unwell. I never get drunk. Some people say

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they drink alcohol to make themselves feel better. More

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specifically, for me, as a student, there are student nights with cheap

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alcohol. People feeling like the only way to have a good time is to

:16:38.:16:42.

go out and have a drink. Maybe universities and society should

:16:43.:16:45.

promote events where people do not necessarily have to get drunk to

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have a good time and can meet people. I am a student going to

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university and meeting new people and there is emphasis on the big

:16:55.:16:58.

night, getting drunk, and discounts on alcohol. It would definitely make

:16:59.:17:05.

you go over the limit, at university, and have a negative

:17:06.:17:09.

impact on health. It is about encouraging people you can have a

:17:10.:17:13.

good time without alcohol and possibly win it, but it is finding a

:17:14.:17:21.

balance. Do guidelines from the Chief Medical Officer, Department of

:17:22.:17:25.

Health, get to the right people? Probably not. A storyline on a soap

:17:26.:17:31.

opera, would it do more good than guidelines? We saw this many times

:17:32.:17:43.

with survived -- cervical cancer. After the death of Jade Goody, that

:17:44.:17:52.

is what brought people into surgeries for screening. Is it the

:17:53.:17:55.

right way to get the message out there? We can bring in comments from

:17:56.:18:01.

people watching. A tweet from Stuart saying there is a rise in

:18:02.:18:04.

alcohol-related liver disease and it could only be good to cut down

:18:05.:18:12.

alcohol. Gary says he cannot C 18-year-old is following the

:18:13.:18:16.

guidelines. Wendy said she is worried that her husband drinks one

:18:17.:18:21.

litre of June and then they have time of drinking to prove he does

:18:22.:18:27.

not need drink. Thank you for your comments.

:18:28.:18:34.

Experimental songwriter Jack Garratt tops

:18:35.:18:46.

He'll be here for his first TV interview to talk about music.

:18:47.:18:54.

And aid is on its way to the besieged Syrian town

:18:55.:18:59.

of Madaya, prompted by shocking stories of people

:19:00.:19:01.

We'll talk to people with links to the town about whether enough

:19:02.:19:07.

Tough new guidelines on alcohol - the first major review for 20 years

:19:08.:19:20.

says there's no such thing as a safe level of drinking and even a small

:19:21.:19:24.

The Chief Medical Officer found the limits for men and women should be

:19:25.:19:39.

the same. We have discovered more harms than we were fully aware of

:19:40.:19:45.

before. That brings us to a low risk guideline for the public of 14 units

:19:46.:19:48.

over a week. Heavy rain forces many people

:19:49.:19:50.

in north-eastern Scotland to evacuate their homes as water

:19:51.:19:52.

levels reach record highs Residents, including

:19:53.:19:55.

elderly people and babies, were moved to temporary

:19:56.:20:00.

accommodation after the River Don burst

:20:01.:20:02.

its banks in Aberdeenshire. Police raiding a flat in Brussels

:20:03.:20:14.

found suicide vests, traces of explosives and fingerprints of one

:20:15.:20:17.

of the men suspected of the Paris attacks who is currently on the run.

:20:18.:20:21.

The discoveries were made in a search on 10th of December.

:20:22.:20:25.

The besieged Syrian town of Madaya could start receiving food aid

:20:26.:20:28.

The UN said people there are reported to have been

:20:29.:20:35.

It comes as medics treating refugees at camps in the Balkans say they've

:20:36.:20:39.

seen a spike of people falling ill due to freezing temperatures.

:20:40.:20:42.

The private security company G4S has suspended staff members at an

:20:43.:20:54.

institution in Kent. Jack Garratt has topped

:20:55.:20:56.

the BBC's Sound of 2016 list, The singer said he was

:20:57.:21:04.

"unbelievably, overwhelmingly Carol and Bridge of Spies lead this

:21:05.:21:08.

year's nominations for the BAFTAs, with Eddie Redmayne aiming to win

:21:09.:21:16.

Best Actor for a second year And now the sport. A lot to

:21:17.:21:19.

in The Danish Girl. And now the sport. A lot to

:21:20.:21:36.

video technology could be ramped And now the sport. A lot to

:21:37.:21:38.

in top-level football. Goalline And now the sport. A lot to

:21:39.:21:42.

technology is already used but now the lawmaking body is

:21:43.:21:47.

look at using replays to on goals, red cards, penalties. The trial

:21:48.:21:51.

could happen in the FA Cup in England next season. The competition

:21:52.:21:55.

returns tonight for the start of the third-round weekend. Liverpool make

:21:56.:22:03.

the trip to Exeter City of League 2. The Liverpool boss is not happy with

:22:04.:22:06.

the intensity of the winter schedule in England. We will hear from the

:22:07.:22:12.

managers. Newspapers are reporting a training ground bust up between

:22:13.:22:18.

Chelsea's Diego Costa and Oscar. While Oscar said they are still

:22:19.:22:25.

friends, he said his team-mate is not want to fight. A bit of tongue

:22:26.:22:30.

in cheek on social media. Michel Platini has confirmed he will not

:22:31.:22:35.

run in next months fever presidential election

:22:36.:22:37.

run in next months fever banned from football he was handed

:22:38.:22:38.

before Christmas. which highlights the most exciting

:22:39.:22:53.

new artists in music. Jack Garratt was chosen

:22:54.:22:55.

by more than a hundred DJs, journalists, festival bookers,

:22:56.:22:57.

bloggers and critics. Their track record is good -

:22:58.:22:59.

having previously spotted the likes We will speak to Jack in just moment

:23:00.:23:02.

but before that let's have a look back at some of the artists who've

:23:03.:23:06.

previously taken the crown. # Should I give up, or should I just

:23:07.:23:39.

keep chasing pavements? # Can I lay by your side?

:23:40.:24:32.

# Next to you. I am pleased to say the 20 16th

:24:33.:24:36.

winner is with me now. Congratulations. Thank you very

:24:37.:24:44.

much. How are you feeling? I feel good, all right. I feel tired, I

:24:45.:24:49.

have been doing lots of talking to people about this fantastic news. I

:24:50.:24:54.

feel great. Very overwhelmed. I don't quite know the words yet I

:24:55.:24:59.

need to describe what I am feeling but I feel great. We can listen to

:25:00.:25:00.

some of your music. It is rare something comes along in

:25:01.:25:36.

music and is completely different but yours is. How did you come up

:25:37.:25:43.

with this sound? The sound I seem to have fallen into is one that I am

:25:44.:25:47.

still learning about. I am still putting together and trying to find

:25:48.:25:53.

out myself what it is but I think that is why people have seemed to

:25:54.:25:58.

say it is different from some of the things available at the moment. I

:25:59.:26:04.

never try to be alienating. I don't want people to think they cannot

:26:05.:26:09.

listen to my music because it is too different, but I like to challenge

:26:10.:26:13.

myself and that ends up challenging some listeners, but in a positive

:26:14.:26:19.

way, a great way. I want to include people, so people feel like they are

:26:20.:26:24.

having fun listening to my music. It is melodic on one level but jarring

:26:25.:26:28.

on the other and it demands your attention, you cannot have it on

:26:29.:26:33.

quietly in the background. No! I write with that in mind. The music I

:26:34.:26:40.

love is music that kind of demands your attention, kind of tracks you

:26:41.:26:45.

away from what you are doing. I like giving all my attention to music

:26:46.:26:49.

because I love music so much and I like to dissect and analyse music. I

:26:50.:26:58.

write music so that other people can do that with mine and so they can

:26:59.:27:04.

also forget about life for a second and have some kind of escapism. I

:27:05.:27:08.

write melodies for people to sing along to for that reason so people

:27:09.:27:14.

have something they can grab onto but there are moments in the

:27:15.:27:17.

background that take you from one place and drop you somewhere else. I

:27:18.:27:23.

like those surprises. I like music as surprising. And beautiful music

:27:24.:27:28.

videos. It is amazing to see it on a screen this big! Different layers

:27:29.:27:33.

and sounds in the music and you create each of those sounds. Does

:27:34.:27:39.

that make life performing difficult? Yes, but it also makes it simple, at

:27:40.:27:46.

least, to think about how I will do it live because I make everything

:27:47.:27:52.

myself in the studio. I therefore thought, well, I might as well do

:27:53.:27:55.

everything on my own when I play live which is what I ended up doing

:27:56.:27:59.

stop I play different instruments at the same time and loop certain

:28:00.:28:04.

things and play certain things together, like the guitar and drums

:28:05.:28:08.

and keys and bass and singing all the while. A lot of people deemed it

:28:09.:28:15.

as being a modern one-man band. We can listen a little bit and you can

:28:16.:28:19.

talk us through it and tell us what is coming in in terms of instruments

:28:20.:28:22.

you are playing and what you have done with it. This is a song of mine

:28:23.:28:28.

called Weathered. One of the oldest I have written. This is all me on

:28:29.:28:35.

this record and there is a lot of piano and guitars and drums I am

:28:36.:28:40.

playing. When I do this live, I loop some piano riffs that drop in and

:28:41.:28:46.

out at certain parts of the song and then I have drum sample set up and

:28:47.:28:51.

the whole time I have a guitar around my neck which I swing behind

:28:52.:28:55.

my back when I do not need it and then I played bass and drums at the

:28:56.:29:01.

same time and all the while singing. Wow! How many instruments do you

:29:02.:29:09.

play? I don't know. The thing I love about music and instruments is that

:29:10.:29:14.

every instrument has a design to be playable. There is not an instrument

:29:15.:29:19.

designed so it is impossible to play and I took that as an invitation and

:29:20.:29:25.

I therefore like to pick up any instrument I see. When I was a kid,

:29:26.:29:30.

my ears and hands talked very well to each other. My mind sometimes

:29:31.:29:35.

gets in the middle of the conversation and messes things up,

:29:36.:29:39.

but because of that as a kid I encouraged myself to pick up any

:29:40.:29:45.

instrument and I would at least try to play it. My attitude is if I am

:29:46.:29:49.

given an instrument I have not seen before I will try and get something

:29:50.:29:54.

out of it in half an hour, an hour. Give me time to play around with

:29:55.:29:57.

ideas and I will give you something at the end. It might not be

:29:58.:30:01.

technically right that it will be something. An extraordinary talent.

:30:02.:30:05.

It was something I noticed at a younger age when I realised not all

:30:06.:30:09.

my friends could do those things and I realised it was part of my

:30:10.:30:14.

character. How old were you? Probably five, six. I was at primary

:30:15.:30:20.

school and realised not everyone had access to music in the way I did. I

:30:21.:30:26.

grew up in a musical household with musical parents who encouraged me to

:30:27.:30:31.

try everything under the sun. Presumably this talent has come from

:30:32.:30:37.

within you. Yes, to have been that young and realise. At that age I did

:30:38.:30:41.

not quite know what was happening, I knew I could sit at the piano and

:30:42.:30:46.

play a melody I heard the day before without music and letting my ears

:30:47.:30:50.

figure it out. The same with guitar. When I realised I could do it on

:30:51.:30:54.

multiple instruments I realised there was something greater going on

:30:55.:30:56.

I was not aware of. Your music, as a result of getting

:30:57.:31:06.

this prize and other accolades, other critical acclaim, will take

:31:07.:31:11.

you to a much wider audience. How do you feel? Incredibly excited. It is

:31:12.:31:16.

also incredibly intimidating. There is a lot of pressure with all of

:31:17.:31:20.

these accolades, as you mentioned. My job is not to win awards, my job

:31:21.:31:24.

is to make the best music that I can. I haven't asked for the awards,

:31:25.:31:29.

but they've been given to me. And I'm so grateful for that. I've been

:31:30.:31:33.

given some incredible opportunities. But my job is to work as hard as I

:31:34.:31:38.

can and create music that people enjoy, that is all I want to do,

:31:39.:31:42.

create music that people enjoy and that I enjoy making. I hope I can

:31:43.:31:46.

keep doing that for as long as I can. What do you think about stardom

:31:47.:31:53.

and success on the level of people like Adele, who have gone before you

:31:54.:31:58.

with this prize? Agog every songwriter has their own way of

:31:59.:32:01.

doing everything. The great thing about art is you can be uniquely

:32:02.:32:08.

creative. And the journey you take to that is as unique as you make it

:32:09.:32:12.

for yourself. I can't predict that I will reach the kind of astronomical

:32:13.:32:16.

heights that previous winners like Sam Smith and Adele have achieved,

:32:17.:32:20.

but I can work as hard as I can. Those guys and suddenly become the

:32:21.:32:25.

biggest selling artists in the world overnight, they worked hard and

:32:26.:32:32.

honed their talents and their craft and became world-class musicians. I

:32:33.:32:36.

can only hope to follow in those kinds of footsteps. When you talk

:32:37.:32:40.

about music, you don't make it sound like work at all, you love it. Is

:32:41.:32:45.

that about? Agog I am very fortunate in that my job is the thing that I

:32:46.:32:49.

love to do, and because of that I don't work a day in my life. I don't

:32:50.:32:53.

like getting up early in the morning, as nobody else does. But if

:32:54.:32:58.

I get to talk about music, I will put bells on if I have to. Well

:32:59.:33:03.

done, good luck with everything. Thank you very much, Jack.

:33:04.:33:05.

Next - a fascinating insight into the relationship

:33:06.:33:07.

Transcripts of candid conversations between the former US president

:33:08.:33:10.

and the former Prime Minister have been released to the BBC and they're

:33:11.:33:13.

far more down to Earth than you might imagine!

:33:14.:33:16.

# I'm in the phone booth, it's the one across the hall

:33:17.:33:22.

# If you don't answer, I'll just ring it off the wall #.

:33:23.:33:27.

You know, after January I am available for

:33:28.:33:40.

CHUCKLES I wouldn't say that, or you will be

:33:41.:33:44.

You said you wanted to continue my work with a third wing,

:33:45.:33:48.

this is it - helping Blair balance work and family.

:33:49.:33:51.

CHUCKLES I could do with a bit of help.

:33:52.:33:53.

Right, Bill, we will put you down on the

:33:54.:34:01.

Now that would be a special relationship.

:34:02.:34:05.

# Don't leave me hanging on the telephone #.

:34:06.:34:09.

But in the transcripts of conversations running to more

:34:10.:34:17.

My staff will not let me talk to you unless I have a banana at hand.

:34:18.:34:20.

Now, Bill, I thought we should have a work

:34:21.:34:27.

Intervention in Kosovo and the Northern Ireland peace

:34:28.:34:31.

process were the backdrop to this bromance.

:34:32.:34:33.

Between a second term Clinton and a first term Blair.

:34:34.:34:37.

I want to thank you for giving Tony Blair to Great Britain

:34:38.:34:40.

As they chat we get a sense of how these men view themselves.

:34:41.:34:47.

There is a limit to how many times you can do this.

:34:48.:34:50.

I had to just get there and listen to them for hours

:34:51.:34:52.

We end up being part negotiator, part therapist, and part

:34:53.:34:58.

Someday we should write a book together about these two

:34:59.:35:02.

Northern Ireland figures large, though conversations don't always

:35:03.:35:08.

I'm watching the end of an old Peter Sellers movie.

:35:09.:35:17.

I've only seen about five minutes, but Herbert Lum just

:35:18.:35:23.

I just wanted to put you in good humour since you are dealing

:35:24.:35:37.

Yeah, I just wanted to bring you up to date.

:35:38.:35:43.

Tony Blair's answers here are all redacted,

:35:44.:35:45.

just as intriguing of the reductions in this exchange.

:35:46.:35:47.

Wouldn't it be great to know what he says after that?

:35:48.:35:53.

Hey, Tony, when this all comes out who do you think they will get

:35:54.:36:02.

No chance, that is about as likely as Jeremy Corbyn

:36:03.:36:09.

For the record, none of that was made up,

:36:10.:36:16.

Coming up, we will be live in Aberdeenshire, where the elderly and

:36:17.:36:30.

very young children were among those evacuated from their homes last

:36:31.:36:35.

night after more heavy rain caused the River Don to overflow. Get in

:36:36.:36:39.

touch if you are affected eye that, using all the usual ways.

:36:40.:36:40.

The United Nations says it hopes to start delivering food on Monday

:36:41.:36:43.

to the besieged Syrian town of Madaya, after the Syrian

:36:44.:36:46.

government agreed to let aid convoys through.

:36:47.:36:47.

Shocking stories have emerged from the town of people starving

:36:48.:36:50.

Aid agencies say conditions in the rebel-held town -

:36:51.:36:53.

which is near the capital Damascus - are extremely dire -

:36:54.:36:56.

and people are struggling to survive with little food or medicine.

:36:57.:37:00.

The UN says it also has permission for access to the government-held

:37:01.:37:02.

towns of Kefraya and Fua in the north.

:37:03.:37:08.

Up to 4.5 million people in Syria live in hard-to-reach areas,

:37:09.:37:10.

including nearly 400,000 people in 15 besieged locations who do not

:37:11.:37:18.

have access to the life-saving aid they urgently need.

:37:19.:37:20.

Some are saying they've been forced to eat leaves and even earth

:37:21.:37:23.

Dibeh Fakhr is from the International Committee

:37:24.:37:31.

of the Red Cross - she's in Geneva.

:37:32.:37:33.

And here in the studio is Muzna Al-Naib from the organisation

:37:34.:37:36.

The journalist and author Ramita Navai has spent

:37:37.:37:38.

Thank you all for joining us. I know that you have been in direct contact

:37:39.:37:51.

with people in Madaya, what are they saying? People in Madaya are

:37:52.:37:58.

desperate. They have eating cats, dogs and horses. Leaves. They have

:37:59.:38:03.

been poisoned because they have been scavenging earthborn leaves -- Earth

:38:04.:38:11.

believes. Two people die every day from hunger there. Parents are

:38:12.:38:15.

desperate to get food for their newborn babies, there is no milk for

:38:16.:38:27.

children, no medicine. This has been happening for two years. Today I got

:38:28.:38:33.

a word from a Syrian grassroot aid organisation working there, and they

:38:34.:38:37.

said they have one to be nations that this will happen -- they have

:38:38.:38:43.

warned the United Nations that this will happen, but they had no

:38:44.:38:47.

response. Hunger has been used as a weapon for two years in Syria. The

:38:48.:38:51.

world knows about it, the UK Government knows about it, no one

:38:52.:38:56.

has done anything. I asked yesterday what is their reaction towards the

:38:57.:38:59.

announcement that food is coming. They said, first of all, no aid has

:39:00.:39:06.

reached so far. That means that 50 people within 24 hours will die.

:39:07.:39:15.

They need food now. The International Committee of the

:39:16.:39:18.

Red Cross should be able to get aid in on Monday, bring us up to date

:39:19.:39:23.

with the latest? Good morning. Indeed, we got the authorisation

:39:24.:39:30.

yesterday to go to Madaya, Fuaa and Kefraya to bring much-needed

:39:31.:39:32.

assistance to the people who are there. We don't know yet when the

:39:33.:39:37.

operation will take place. Our teams in Syria are preparing, we will work

:39:38.:39:42.

together. We really hope it will take place very soon. Indeed, what I

:39:43.:39:47.

can say from what we saw when we were in Madaya in October 2015, the

:39:48.:39:52.

situation was indeed very dire. We saw the hunger in the eyes of the

:39:53.:39:57.

people, we saw despair, mothers unable to breast-feed their newborn

:39:58.:40:01.

babies. The situation in Madaya and other besieged areas is very

:40:02.:40:05.

critical, and we should not forget, as you mentioned correctly at the

:40:06.:40:09.

beginning, it is not only Madaya. There are half a million people

:40:10.:40:13.

living in besieged or hard to reach our area is not getting any

:40:14.:40:16.

humanitarian assistance for a long time. What will the organisation be

:40:17.:40:24.

able to take him, how much stuff? Together with the other

:40:25.:40:28.

organisations, we will look. There is the Red Crescent and there are UN

:40:29.:40:32.

agencies. Then we can bring everything that is needed for the

:40:33.:40:35.

population. That there will definitely be food and non-food

:40:36.:40:39.

items. That'll be the top priority. The last time we were there we

:40:40.:40:43.

delivered medicines, enough for two months. I will not give details of

:40:44.:40:49.

speculate about the operation as such, I preferred to speak about it.

:40:50.:40:56.

That Christie converted once takes place. Our priority or our call

:40:57.:41:01.

today is to all those involved in the Syrian conflict, a 1-shot

:41:02.:41:06.

delivery of assistance to a besieged area is not the solution. What you

:41:07.:41:13.

meant Terry and organisations need its regular, unimpeded and safe

:41:14.:41:16.

access to all areas where there are huge needs in Syria today. You were

:41:17.:41:22.

there at the start of the siege in Madaya, take us back. That was a few

:41:23.:41:29.

years ago. What was it like? It is not a poor time, it looks beautiful,

:41:30.:41:32.

it is in a really beautiful mountainous area. People there are

:41:33.:41:38.

quite wealthy. That has to do with why the protests were so strong. It

:41:39.:41:43.

is economically independent of the state. So few people there a lie on

:41:44.:41:49.

state jobs, most are in agriculture. That is why they had the

:41:50.:41:52.

independence and they were brave enough to protest. It was one of the

:41:53.:41:58.

first towns to hold regular Friday protest, Madaya. While I was there,

:41:59.:42:03.

the town was besieged by government forces for three days. I was trapped

:42:04.:42:08.

in a safe house with three activists who were wanted. We were very lucky,

:42:09.:42:14.

the activists were very lucky, the road we were in was raided and we

:42:15.:42:19.

heard men screaming as they were beaten and taken away. Those men

:42:20.:42:23.

disappeared, never to be seen again. If people want to leave now, can

:42:24.:42:28.

they? It is impossible. I was speaking to people in Madaya last

:42:29.:42:32.

night, the whole town is surrounded by checkpoints and barbed wire. If

:42:33.:42:38.

you leave you are shot, if not, government forces have planted

:42:39.:42:41.

landmines all around the town. The people I was talking to are really

:42:42.:42:45.

scared. They are hungry and very cold. I would say that they have

:42:46.:42:50.

heard many promises that aid will be lasted through, they are not getting

:42:51.:42:56.

their hopes up. They said to me, it is like a prison, we feel like a

:42:57.:43:03.

walking dead. Why has Madaya become such a focus for the raging? It is

:43:04.:43:08.

not just Madaya, there are many other towns. What has changed is

:43:09.:43:16.

that the media paid attention. What happens when the media spotlight has

:43:17.:43:20.

gone? People are hungry before this and after this. This has been going

:43:21.:43:27.

on since 2011? The revolution has been going on since 2011, at least

:43:28.:43:34.

500,000 people have been killed, thousands are imprisoned and dying

:43:35.:43:38.

under torture. Bombs are falling every single day in besieged areas.

:43:39.:43:43.

And hunger and starvation is going on as a weapon. They are trying to

:43:44.:43:52.

wipe the Syrian population out. This has been going on since 2011. No one

:43:53.:44:00.

is doing anything about it. Syrians in the UK have been calling for the

:44:01.:44:04.

protection of civilians to be the priority of everything. No one is

:44:05.:44:08.

listening to us. We know that the protection of civilians is keen to

:44:09.:44:15.

fighting guys should, the key to a political solution and any relief in

:44:16.:44:20.

Syria -- the key to fighting Daesh. When we called the government in

:44:21.:44:26.

Syria not to drop bombs, they did not listen. I want to call the

:44:27.:44:31.

Government to drop food. Listen to the civilians, listen to your

:44:32.:44:35.

taxpayers. I can bet you that each mother in the UK would prefer that

:44:36.:44:37.

food would be dropped rather than mother in the UK would prefer that

:44:38.:44:41.

arms on Syria. Thank you, all three. What you think of the new guidelines

:44:42.:44:49.

on booze? We will be putting your questions to one of the authors of

:44:50.:44:54.

the new report today which says that every sip of alcohol increases your

:44:55.:44:56.

chances of getting cancer. Let's catch up on the latest weather

:44:57.:45:02.

with Carol. We have been talking

:45:03.:45:17.

These records We have been talking

:45:18.:45:21.

The previous record was millimetres. Arboyne is in

:45:22.:45:40.

Aberdeenshire. The Scottish environment protection agency has

:45:41.:45:42.

two environment protection agency has

:45:43.:45:45.

means there is imminent danger to life and to property and this is the

:45:46.:45:50.

flood line number if anybody wants to call it. The question I am asked

:45:51.:45:57.

is when this. . It. Quite soon. Next week, winter is arriving. We spoke

:45:58.:46:01.

yesterday about the season and I know you like them and I do, as

:46:02.:46:06.

well. This will be a shock to the system because already we have cold

:46:07.:46:10.

air in Scotland and parts of northern England and Northern

:46:11.:46:13.

Ireland. That will move south. You can see the blue penetrating the

:46:14.:46:25.

British Isles. The source of this is coming down from the door. That

:46:26.:46:31.

means that inland, the tendency is it will be drier. Along the coast,

:46:32.:46:36.

we are likely to see wintry showers, which is good news for the flooded

:46:37.:46:38.

areas, but we will have which is good news for the flooded

:46:39.:46:42.

snow around, which is more like you expected winter. And with the ground

:46:43.:46:47.

saturated and temperatures getting that low, it will be pretty

:46:48.:46:48.

horrible. You are right. This that low, it will be pretty

:46:49.:46:57.

morning there were icy stretches. It has been a cold start. It is cold at

:46:58.:47:04.

the moment, between -4 and 5 degrees in many parts of the UK. We have

:47:05.:47:11.

been used to ten, 11th, 12 degrees. Change is afoot. See you later. The

:47:12.:47:16.

reason for the change is because we see a change in air mass. Today we

:47:17.:47:21.

have low pressure dominating and this is producing showers and some

:47:22.:47:25.

snow on the hills in northern England and southern Scotland. We

:47:26.:47:31.

have seen rain this morning. It was raining across the north-east of

:47:32.:47:35.

Scotland earlier, but these showers are across the western parts of

:47:36.:47:40.

northern England. Those in northern England move into southern Scotland

:47:41.:47:44.

and those in the west travelling to the east, heading to East Anglia and

:47:45.:47:50.

Kent. On either side, there will be sunny spells. It will feel cold.

:47:51.:47:54.

Particularly where the temperatures are nowhere in the northern half of

:47:55.:47:59.

the country. In the afternoon we have rain, sleet and snow. And then

:48:00.:48:07.

we run into rain, sleet and snow in the Southern uplands. In Northern

:48:08.:48:10.

Ireland and northern England there will be showers and on the highest

:48:11.:48:16.

ground it could be wintry. In England and Wales, as showers

:48:17.:48:21.

stripped to the south-east, it will brighten up beautifully and so after

:48:22.:48:26.

a wet start, we are looking at a lot of sunshine, but no great shakes in

:48:27.:48:31.

terms of temperatures. Overnight, we will have rain, sleet and snow, but

:48:32.:48:37.

there will be clear skies, meaning the temperature will drop quickly.

:48:38.:48:46.

There is the risk of ice. We will have rain sweeping in from the

:48:47.:48:50.

south, which is why temperatures here are higher. The -8 in the

:48:51.:48:55.

Highlands and Grampians is what we expect over the places where we have

:48:56.:49:02.

lying snow. Bitterly cold here. At the weekend low pressure will

:49:03.:49:07.

dominate. Rattling across and at times showers and at times it will

:49:08.:49:13.

be breezy. As we head into the new week, we will see the change in

:49:14.:49:18.

temperature. On Saturday, showers moving north with hill snow. A lot

:49:19.:49:22.

of showers coming in behind across England and Wales and it will be

:49:23.:49:27.

breezy. In north of Scotland we hang on to the rain and some Hill snow.

:49:28.:49:36.

And a wintry mix at lower levels. On Sunday, if anything, it is a quieter

:49:37.:49:41.

day weather-wise. It means there will be more rain across the North

:49:42.:49:44.

and north-west of Scotland with showers around the coasts.

:49:45.:49:48.

I'm Joanna Gosling, welcome to the programme if you've

:49:49.:49:51.

No-one should be drinking every day - and every sip of alcohol

:49:52.:49:59.

That's the warning published in new guidelines by the UK's

:50:00.:50:04.

We've been asking about people what they make of the guidelines.

:50:05.:50:12.

I suggest the guidelines will not do everything and perhaps the better

:50:13.:50:19.

way is to take a legislative approach and say it currently you

:50:20.:50:23.

are allowed a little alcohol. If alcohol is bad for you, why not

:50:24.:50:27.

change it so you cannot drink and drive at all. As a student, their

:50:28.:50:32.

student nights with cheap alcohol and people feeling the only way to

:50:33.:50:38.

have a good time is to have a drink. Maybe universities and society

:50:39.:50:43.

should against where people do not necessarily have to to get drunk to

:50:44.:50:47.

have a good time. What do these guidelines mean? We will be joined

:50:48.:50:53.

by Sir Ian Gilmore, who is a liver specialist to help to write the

:50:54.:50:56.

guidelines. He will answer your questions.

:50:57.:50:57.

Homes in parts of Aberdeenshire have been evacuated after heavy rain

:50:58.:51:01.

And on a mission to make school exciting, Tim Peake chats to pupils

:51:02.:51:15.

live from space as he prepares for his first spacewalk next week.

:51:16.:51:21.

Tough new guidelines on alcohol - the first major review for 20 years

:51:22.:51:28.

says there's no such thing as a "safe level of drinking"

:51:29.:51:34.

and warns even a small amount can raise the risk of cancer.

:51:35.:51:38.

The UL's chief medical officers also found that the limits for both men

:51:39.:51:41.

We've discovered there are more harms than we were fully aware

:51:42.:51:52.

of before and that brings us to a low risk guideline

:51:53.:51:55.

for the public of 14 units over the week.

:51:56.:51:57.

Heavy rain has forced many people in northern-eastern Scotland

:51:58.:51:59.

to evacuate their homes, as water levels reached record highs

:52:00.:52:01.

Residents, including elderly people and babies,

:52:02.:52:06.

were moved to temporary accommodation after the River Don

:52:07.:52:08.

Police raiding a flat in Brussels have found suicide vests,

:52:09.:52:15.

traces of explosives, and the fingerprints

:52:16.:52:19.

of Salah Abdeslam, one of the men suspected of the Paris attacks

:52:20.:52:22.

The discoveries were made during a search on December 10th.

:52:23.:52:33.

The besieged rebel-held Syrian town of Madaya could start receiving food

:52:34.:52:36.

aid from Monday, the UN says.

:52:37.:52:37.

People there are reported to have been dying of starvation.

:52:38.:52:40.

It comes as medics treating refugees at camps in the Balkans say they've

:52:41.:52:44.

seen a sharp increase in the number of people falling ill due

:52:45.:52:46.

The private security company G4S has suspended seven members of staff

:52:47.:52:50.

from a secure training centre for young offenders in Kent.

:52:51.:52:53.

The police are investigating allegations of abuse

:52:54.:52:54.

A huge bushfire that devastated a small town is still burning out

:52:55.:53:03.

Half of the buildings in Yarloop, south of Perth, have been destroyed

:53:04.:53:10.

and three people are reported to be missing.

:53:11.:53:16.

Jack Garratt has topped the BBC's Sound of 2016 list,

:53:17.:53:24.

which celebrates new and up and coming artists in music.

:53:25.:53:28.

The singer said he was "unbelievably, overwhelmingly

:53:29.:53:29.

Carol and Bridge of Spies lead this year's nominations for the BAFTAs,

:53:30.:53:40.

with Eddie Redmayne aiming to win Best Actor for a second year

:53:41.:53:43.

in a row for his role in The Danish Girl.

:53:44.:53:47.

Let's catch up with all the sport now and join Hugh.

:53:48.:53:50.

Is football finally about to embrace video technology?

:53:51.:53:58.

Remember this moment? Maradona's famous goal against England and

:53:59.:54:04.

incidents like that could be a thing of the past after football

:54:05.:54:09.

authorities rubber-stamped a trial in video technology. This might have

:54:10.:54:12.

been 30 years ago, but it is talked about as one of the most

:54:13.:54:18.

controversial World Cup incidents. The international lawmaking body

:54:19.:54:21.

have recommended experimenting with video technology for things like

:54:22.:54:26.

girls and red cards. A final decision will be made at the board's

:54:27.:54:32.

final meeting in March. We are trying to nail some of the

:54:33.:54:36.

fundamental moments in football that we think video assistance can assist

:54:37.:54:42.

the referee. They include girls and penalties. The reality is it is a

:54:43.:54:48.

referee, it is a difficult job, one person and two eyes. In many games

:54:49.:54:53.

we have sometimes 20 cameras, millions of people watching the

:54:54.:54:57.

game. We have to do what we can to assist the referee. The game is

:54:58.:55:01.

getting faster and the stakes are higher and we have to support the

:55:02.:55:06.

referee to make the right decisions. If it is approved, we could see

:55:07.:55:11.

video technology used in next season's FA Cup and Scottish cup.

:55:12.:55:17.

Both tournaments return this weekend and in England there is a David and

:55:18.:55:21.

Goliath encounter as Exeter City take on Liverpool tonight. It is

:55:22.:55:28.

live on BBC One from 730 B. The 500 mile trip to the West Country is

:55:29.:55:32.

Liverpool's 10th game since December, which is disappointed

:55:33.:55:43.

Jurgen Klopp. At this moment, it is not too much joy. Of course.

:55:44.:55:46.

Jurgen Klopp. At this moment, it is then we have five, six days.

:55:47.:55:56.

Jurgen Klopp. At this moment, it is until Friday. Wednesday. So it is

:55:57.:56:01.

almost a break! LAUGHTER. I think about flying on holiday! I

:56:02.:56:11.

say it is a normal game -- not a normal game. They have to find a way

:56:12.:56:15.

of playing their best and I have to find a way of getting the players to

:56:16.:56:19.

play their best and to feel free in their play and to be full of energy

:56:20.:56:24.

and endeavour. I understand the practicalities of the challenge. Off

:56:25.:56:30.

the field of play, a sour moment for Michel Platini, the man many

:56:31.:56:34.

believed might take charge of world football. But after Fifa handed him

:56:35.:56:39.

an eight-year ban after what they football. But after Fifa handed him

:56:40.:56:44.

deem to be a disloyal payment, he will not stand in the election next

:56:45.:56:49.

month. He said injustice is revolting him and he is trying to

:56:50.:56:53.

fight it. That is all the sport but we will be back at 10:30am, speaking

:56:54.:56:58.

to the editor of the Liverpool pod casts.

:56:59.:57:01.

Thank you for joining us this morning.

:57:02.:57:03.

Welcome to the programme if you've just joined us,

:57:04.:57:05.

we're on BBC 2 and the BBC News Channel until 11 this morning.

:57:06.:57:12.

A lot of you getting in touch about our interview with Jack Garrett.

:57:13.:57:21.

Harriet said, congratulations for winning Sound Of 2016. What a nice

:57:22.:57:25.

guy. Said she saw him play in a cellar somewhere and knew he would

:57:26.:57:31.

go interstellar! Also this morning, we will answer your questions on the

:57:32.:57:34.

new alcohol guidelines keep your questions coming will stop there is

:57:35.:57:39.

still time if you want to join the conversation. Text messages are

:57:40.:57:43.

charged at the standard network rate and you can watch the programme

:57:44.:57:44.

online where ever you are. And you can also subscribe

:57:45.:57:48.

to all our features on the news app, by going to "add topics"

:57:49.:57:51.

and searching "Victoria Derbyshire." In the first new guidelines to be

:57:52.:57:57.

published on alcohol for twenty years, the UK's

:57:58.:58:02.

Chief Medical Officers say there is no safe limit for drinking

:58:03.:58:04.

and even consuming small amounts The advice is that everyone should

:58:05.:58:07.

have alcohol-free days and avoid binge drinking - and the limit

:58:08.:58:12.

for men is now the same as women, But what does a unit

:58:13.:58:16.

of alcohol look like? In a standard pint of

:58:17.:58:24.

beer or a large glass - 175ml - of wine there is roughly

:58:25.:58:27.

two units of alcohol - stronger beers and wines

:58:28.:58:32.

will have more. So under the new guidelines

:58:33.:58:35.

you could have around seven pints of beer or seven glasses of wine

:58:36.:58:38.

compared to the old guidelines where men would be allowed 21 units

:58:39.:58:40.

or roughly ten pints a week. Women who are pregnant

:58:41.:58:44.

are being told they should So what exactly do the new

:58:45.:58:46.

guidelines mean you can drink In a standard pint

:58:47.:58:51.

of beer, and a large glass of wine, or two shots

:58:52.:59:00.

of spirits, it is roughly two units. Stronger beers and

:59:01.:59:04.

wines will have more. Previous advice was that men should

:59:05.:59:08.

limit themselves to 21 units a week, around a pint

:59:09.:59:10.

and a half per day. Women should drink no more

:59:11.:59:15.

than 14 units a week, Now, though, the new advice is that

:59:16.:59:17.

men and women should both limit themselves to the same -

:59:18.:59:22.

14 units per week, roughly seven Plus the advice is to give yourself

:59:23.:59:25.

several alcohol free days each week But at home how many people actually

:59:26.:59:31.

measure out their drinks? Doctors say the link

:59:32.:59:39.

between alcohol and diseases like cancer means there is no level

:59:40.:59:46.

of drinking that is completely safe. Sir Ian Gilmore - helped to write

:59:47.:59:56.

the guidelines and is chair of the Alcohol Health Alliance

:59:57.:00:03.

as well as being a liver specialist Thank you for coming in. Good

:00:04.:00:11.

morning. They have got people talking and a lot of people unhappy.

:00:12.:00:14.

How did you arrive at the guidelines? They needed updating. It

:00:15.:00:19.

was 20 years since the last guidelines, which were for daily

:00:20.:00:25.

limits coming on top of guidelines previously for weekly limits and

:00:26.:00:29.

there was confusion about whether we should talk about daily or weekly.

:00:30.:00:33.

Science has moved on with a lot of evidence gathered that needed to be

:00:34.:00:39.

taken into account. Why reduce the limits for men? Nothing has changed

:00:40.:00:43.

for women in terms of the maximum per week, but it is men who will see

:00:44.:00:49.

a difference. The guidelines are the same for women as they work in 1987,

:00:50.:00:57.

up to 14 units. Men are more at risk in the short-term harm from alcohol,

:00:58.:01:01.

violence and accidents, which is not surprising. The other reason is that

:01:02.:01:06.

there probably is some beneficial effect on the heart, but that effect

:01:07.:01:12.

is smaller than previously thought because heart disease is getting

:01:13.:01:16.

less frequent. People do more exercise, there are drugs for BP,

:01:17.:01:22.

but if there is any beneficial effect, it probably only kicks in

:01:23.:01:26.

for women and not men, and probably only over the age of 55.

:01:27.:01:32.

Loads of people are commenting, Nigel Farage from Ukip has said

:01:33.:01:36.

there should be a mass protest over what he calls nannying guidelines,

:01:37.:01:43.

he says it is over the top. I suspect Nigel has not read them.

:01:44.:01:48.

They are not a nanny state. They are saying, if you wish to keep your

:01:49.:01:51.

risks at a low level, you would be advised to do the following. We're

:01:52.:01:56.

not telling people what to do, but if we suppress the fact that there

:01:57.:02:00.

is an emerging link between alcohol and cancer, we would be criticised.

:02:01.:02:04.

It is only right that people should know when evidence is emerging, it

:02:05.:02:08.

is not just one study, there is an emerging body of evidence linking

:02:09.:02:13.

alcohol to cancer as well is better known diseases like cirrhosis and

:02:14.:02:17.

high blood pressure. People have the right to make their decision based

:02:18.:02:20.

on knowing the risks, that is not nanny state. Everything will sip of

:02:21.:02:26.

alcohol increases your chance of getting cancer? -- every single sip

:02:27.:02:31.

of? Wobble two drinks a day will increase the risk, possibly 12-macro

:02:32.:02:36.

a week. For breast cancer it does not seem that there is a safe limit,

:02:37.:02:42.

but within the recommended limits, the so-called low with guidelines,

:02:43.:02:46.

the risks are very small. Everything in life carries a risk, driving to

:02:47.:02:51.

work in the morning carries a risk. The risks of drinking within the

:02:52.:02:56.

recommended guidelines is very low. Your chances of dying of an

:02:57.:02:59.

alcohol-related disease are probably about 1% or less if you drink 14

:03:00.:03:05.

units a week. Gill has e-mailed to ask why do we hear so little about

:03:06.:03:09.

the different strengths of alcohol? People always say guidelines are

:03:10.:03:13.

confusing, and when there are variables and you try to boil it

:03:14.:03:16.

down to something straightforward like these being the acceptable...

:03:17.:03:23.

What is the amount you should be drinking purdah, it is not take into

:03:24.:03:28.

account different strengths. -- amount you should be drinking each

:03:29.:03:32.

day. We thought long and hard about units. They have been criticised

:03:33.:03:37.

greatly. When they were brought out, it was on the rationale that a half

:03:38.:03:40.

pint of ordinarily be, a small glass of wine or a pub measure of spirits

:03:41.:03:44.

are all one unit. That is fairly simple. But drinks have got stronger

:03:45.:03:50.

and glasses have got larger. Whatever system you bring in, you

:03:51.:03:55.

run into the same problem. There is no internationally agreed standard.

:03:56.:04:00.

Most countries talk about a standard drink, a standard drink in Australia

:04:01.:04:04.

or the States is roughly similar to one of our units. Neal asks if we

:04:05.:04:09.

are to make alcohol changes we would need to think of cultural changes,

:04:10.:04:15.

how do you begin that? These guidelines are only part of a

:04:16.:04:19.

package. We need follow-up work to see whether people pay attention.

:04:20.:04:23.

They had to be linked to other measures. We would love to see a

:04:24.:04:27.

mass media campaign around this, trying to get the information over

:04:28.:04:32.

to the public. We would love to see changes to labelling on bottles. At

:04:33.:04:37.

the moment, alcohol is exempt from EU regulations on calories. That as

:04:38.:04:43.

a whole different argument? The Government at the moment relies on

:04:44.:04:49.

voluntary agreements with the drinks industry on labelling, we would like

:04:50.:04:53.

to see mandatory health warnings and readable warnings on bottles. How

:04:54.:04:58.

would you envisage a bottle of wine like this, I suppose, thinking of

:04:59.:05:01.

health warnings on cigarette packets, should it be similar? Not

:05:02.:05:07.

many people will realise there is a health warning on bottles at the

:05:08.:05:10.

moment encouraging women who operate them not to drink, it is so small

:05:11.:05:15.

that if you don't have a magnifying glass you would probably not know it

:05:16.:05:19.

is there. We want any warnings to be readable. Visual like on cigarette

:05:20.:05:28.

packets? Yes. Describe what your ideal bottle would look like? It

:05:29.:05:32.

would not obscure the whole bottle but it would have to be readable.

:05:33.:05:34.

There are recommendations being given to Government of sites at

:05:35.:05:43.

fault. Needs action. With voluntary agreements, why would the industry

:05:44.:05:46.

want to put labels on bottles telling people to be careful

:05:47.:05:51.

drinking their product? As a liver specialist you see the impact on a

:05:52.:05:55.

liver of alcohol, most of this do not see that. Do you think if we all

:05:56.:05:59.

saw that it would impact on our behaviour? I think the link with

:06:00.:06:04.

cancer is important. If you talk about cirrhosis of the liver, some

:06:05.:06:09.

of the disease, people go blank. But people know about cancer, almost

:06:10.:06:13.

every family in the country has been touched by cancer in some way. It is

:06:14.:06:17.

important that this is brought to people's attention. Joel asks

:06:18.:06:23.

whether we can ask you if you drink, and how much? I do, and I drink

:06:24.:06:29.

within these guidelines. I think it is important that doctors play a

:06:30.:06:37.

role in this. Doctors are the vanguard of smoking cessation in

:06:38.:06:40.

this country. They have not always been the vanguard of reducing

:06:41.:06:45.

alcohol consumption. All health professionals will have an important

:06:46.:06:50.

role. Edward asks, I am mystified by these guidelines. How can you say

:06:51.:06:54.

there is no safe level of drinking and then set a limit of 14 units? It

:06:55.:07:00.

does not make sense. If there is no safe limit, the level should be is

:07:01.:07:04.

the row? Everything carries risks, it is risky getting out of bed but

:07:05.:07:09.

it is risky staying in bed, you might get a deep vein thrombosis.

:07:10.:07:13.

Everything in life carries some risk, it is a matter of trading

:07:14.:07:18.

risks. If somebody sticks to the 14 unit maximum, they are very unlikely

:07:19.:07:24.

to suffer alcohol-related harm, but the more you go above that, the more

:07:25.:07:30.

likely it is. People drinking 35, 40 or 50 units a week, not unknown,

:07:31.:07:35.

they are beginning to put themselves at risk of 10% plus of dying of an

:07:36.:07:40.

alcohol-related cause. Thank you very much for joining us.

:07:41.:07:44.

Pupils at a school in Hertfordshire were able to make a special call

:07:45.:07:47.

this morning to speak to British astronaut Tim Peake

:07:48.:07:49.

on the International Space Station as he flew overhead.

:07:50.:07:51.

They had a few problems making contact with,

:07:52.:07:53.

but persevered and eventually were able to hear Tim's voice -

:07:54.:07:56.

They asked him questions ranging from queries about liquid hydrogen

:07:57.:08:02.

to whether a helium balloon rises in space - before the seven-minute

:08:03.:08:05.

call was terminated because the ISS went out of range.

:08:06.:08:12.

TIM PEAKE: Hello Golf Bravo One Sierra Alpha this

:08:13.:08:14.

Sierra, I read you loud and clear, over.

:08:15.:08:21.

GB1SS from GB1SAN, great to hear you, Tim.

:08:22.:08:23.

This is Jessica Mike Six Papa Lima Juliet

:08:24.:08:25.

from Sandringham School in St Albans.

:08:26.:08:26.

Are you ready for your first question, over?

:08:27.:08:28.

What do you think Isaac Newton would say if he knew the name

:08:29.:08:37.

of your mission was based on his book, over?

:08:38.:08:40.

I would like to think that Sir Isaac Newton would be honoured

:08:41.:08:54.

that we would choose the mission name in honour of his life's work,

:08:55.:08:57.

and his understanding of physics and the

:08:58.:08:59.

universe, which all of us are hoping to build upon.

:09:00.:09:01.

Our science correspondent Rebecca Moralle at Sandringham school now.

:09:02.:09:06.

Over to you. Here at the school, space mania has taken over. The kids

:09:07.:09:16.

here are taking part in a challenge set by Tim Peake himself, getting

:09:17.:09:22.

them to cycle the distance to the International Space Station, 400

:09:23.:09:27.

kilometres. Rather than than me! The big event this morning has been

:09:28.:09:31.

kilometres. Rather than than me! The radio linkup with Tim Peake. I am

:09:32.:09:33.

joined by two of the students who played a key role in this, Jessica

:09:34.:09:39.

Lee and Philip Fletcher, both from year ten. Jessica, you were in

:09:40.:09:41.

Lee and Philip Fletcher, both from charge of the radio contact. You had

:09:42.:09:45.

to take an exam for this, what was that like? It was quite something,

:09:46.:09:51.

we only had a few days to fit a few weeks' course into it and pass the

:09:52.:09:54.

exam, I am really chuffed I have done it. It was nerve racking, there

:09:55.:10:00.

was a lot of hissing, it took awhile to get him through? We were four

:10:01.:10:04.

minutes late to establish contact, but I don't think that mattered once

:10:05.:10:07.

minutes late to establish contact, we got contact, was so happy we hope

:10:08.:10:12.

Tim Peake speak. Philip, you asked a question, what did you ask? I asked

:10:13.:10:15.

him about his EML question, what did you ask? I asked

:10:16.:10:23.

are performing, the electromagnetic limitation experiment, and how they

:10:24.:10:27.

perform the rapid cooling of metals on board. It is very interesting

:10:28.:10:29.

science. Do you think science right in his answer? I think

:10:30.:10:36.

so! That is why I asked, I science right in his answer? I think

:10:37.:10:40.

answer and he gave a good one. He explained how they perform it using

:10:41.:10:44.

gases and the small explained how they perform it using

:10:45.:10:48.

metals they use. I think it will be a very exciting breakthrough in

:10:49.:10:52.

science. Jessica, when you were speaking to Tim, he was 400

:10:53.:10:54.

kilometres above the Earth going speaking to Tim, he was 400

:10:55.:10:59.

28,000 kilometres an hour. What was it like hearing his voice when it

:11:00.:11:05.

came through? It was such a surreal experience, I don't think it has hit

:11:06.:11:08.

me how big this event was, that we spoke to somebody for hundred

:11:09.:11:13.

kilometres above the surface of the Earth. I think I will be in shock

:11:14.:11:19.

tonight! You kept calm, especially when he could not get through. Did

:11:20.:11:25.

you feel nervous? I felt nervous watching. I was surprised how calm I

:11:26.:11:30.

was. When we had to keep repeating the calling, I started to get

:11:31.:11:34.

nervous. But I was so happy when we got hold of him. One of the big

:11:35.:11:39.

important things during this mission is to inspire young will to get into

:11:40.:11:46.

science. Do you think it is working? Yeah. I am definitely inspired to

:11:47.:11:51.

take up science and stem subject, technology maths and all of these. I

:11:52.:11:56.

want to be a spaceman when I grow up, like Tim, it would be amazing

:11:57.:12:02.

explanation Jessica, is more important -- very important to get

:12:03.:12:06.

more women and girls into science, it is this inspire you? Definitely,

:12:07.:12:11.

the traditional views of what women can do and what jobs they can work

:12:12.:12:16.

and have changed, I would like to think of myself as representing that

:12:17.:12:19.

women don't just had to be a housewife or work in traditional

:12:20.:12:24.

jobs, I am very honoured. Would you fancy going up there, becoming an

:12:25.:12:29.

astronaut? Definitely, I think even as a little child everybody would

:12:30.:12:33.

love to be in space and experience the feeling of looking down on the

:12:34.:12:37.

place you live, definitely. He is doing a spacewalk next week, will

:12:38.:12:42.

you both be glued to the screen, watching? Yeah. I am so interested

:12:43.:12:48.

to see how it works. It is just black. If something goes wrong... It

:12:49.:12:54.

is all that stuff, very interesting. Jessica and Philip, thank you very

:12:55.:12:59.

much. As you can see, the students are very inspired by this mission in

:13:00.:13:04.

space. For Tim himself, he will have to start getting busy for the

:13:05.:13:08.

spacewalk, he is preparing his suit at the moment. It is happening next

:13:09.:13:13.

Friday. It is a busy first few weeks in space for our astronaut, Tim.

:13:14.:13:20.

Coverage of the spacewalk next week. Awards season is here, we will be

:13:21.:13:24.

looking at this year's BAFTA nominations, with Cate Blanchett up

:13:25.:13:28.

for best actress and Eddie Redmayne hoping to win Best actor for a

:13:29.:13:30.

second year running. The private security company G4S has

:13:31.:13:34.

suspended seven members of staff at a secure training centre

:13:35.:13:37.

for young offenders in Kent. The police are investigating

:13:38.:13:39.

allegations of unnecessary Danny Shaw is our Home

:13:40.:13:41.

Affairs Correspondent - and Paul Cook is managing director

:13:42.:13:43.

of G4S children's services Danny, tell us what the allegations

:13:44.:13:57.

are? These are serious allegations, it will be merged after a reporter

:13:58.:14:02.

from BBC Panorama did some secret filming at G4S, they got a job there

:14:03.:14:08.

last year. They presented a dossier of evidence. Within this dossier was

:14:09.:14:14.

allegations of inappropriate use of force by staff against some of the

:14:15.:14:18.

teenagers held that, allegations of assault, inappropriate use of

:14:19.:14:21.

language, some allegations amounting to bullying, those are the kind of

:14:22.:14:27.

things being alleged. What happened is that seven members of staff were

:14:28.:14:32.

suspended. They include four team leaders and two duty operations

:14:33.:14:38.

managers, all male members of staff. Some of the less experienced members

:14:39.:14:44.

of staff of those suspended. As well as that we understand that the

:14:45.:14:47.

allegations related to ten of the young people held at the centre at

:14:48.:14:53.

Medway. These are all boys aged between 14 and 17. Those are the

:14:54.:14:58.

people who the allegations relate to. There is clearly an

:14:59.:15:03.

investigation ongoing. While that is taking place, my understanding is

:15:04.:15:06.

that no more young people will be moved to the centre, it currently

:15:07.:15:11.

holds around 56 young people, mostly boys, teenage boys, many convicted

:15:12.:15:17.

of serious offences. That should be remembered as well. But clearly this

:15:18.:15:21.

is a very serious matter. We will be speaking to be an ageing director of

:15:22.:15:27.

G4S children services after you. Give us more background on G4S, this

:15:28.:15:29.

is not the first controversy? It is a big company that has

:15:30.:15:41.

operations also abroad. It runs secure training centres and what

:15:42.:15:47.

happened last year is the contract for G4S to run a centre in

:15:48.:15:55.

Northamptonshire was removed after a damning inspection reports, but the

:15:56.:15:58.

contract to run Medway was renewed until 2021. They have a troubled

:15:59.:16:08.

history of Medway. There was a riot after it opened in 1988. It had a

:16:09.:16:13.

troubled beginning but settle down in recent years that these

:16:14.:16:16.

allegations painted in a different light. As for G4S, not only the

:16:17.:16:22.

problems here but the Olympics fiasco, many will remember that. As

:16:23.:16:29.

well as the fact that three of its former staff went on trial,

:16:30.:16:33.

acquitted of the manslaughter of a person escorted out of the country,

:16:34.:16:37.

that happened last year. There is a long history to this company,

:16:38.:16:42.

although it will say it runs many of its operations very well. We can

:16:43.:16:48.

bring in Paul Cook, the managing director of G4S children's services

:16:49.:16:55.

in the UK. Did G4S have any idea what was going on before Panorama

:16:56.:16:59.

did its undercover reporting? Good morning, thank you very much for

:17:00.:17:04.

giving me the opportunity to speak to you. These are extremely shocking

:17:05.:17:09.

allegations and have their part in our business or in any establishment

:17:10.:17:14.

that looks after young people. We were unaware of these allegations

:17:15.:17:19.

until the Panorama sent them to us and we took immediate action to

:17:20.:17:25.

report them to the police and local authorities, safeguarded the CCTV

:17:26.:17:29.

footage and documentation to aid the police enquiry and we suspended the

:17:30.:17:34.

staff. What is extremely disappointing is that although it is

:17:35.:17:39.

a secure facility, it is not in isolation. There are other agencies

:17:40.:17:46.

who work at the centre and the youth justice board have a monitor there.

:17:47.:17:51.

They have a contract with children's charity Barnardo 's to see every

:17:52.:17:56.

child each week. The NHS have staff you see children twice a day as well

:17:57.:18:00.

as the children being able to take private calls in their rooms which

:18:01.:18:03.

includes opportunities to ring helplines as well as visitors and

:18:04.:18:09.

their youth offending team. So these allegations were not picked up by

:18:10.:18:13.

any of us and that is extremely concerning. Is it your job to pick

:18:14.:18:19.

up any allegations? Absolutely, and we do that. But you did not. Just to

:18:20.:18:27.

come in there, you did not pick up the allegations until a reporter

:18:28.:18:35.

went in. There was no allegation made relating to these allegations

:18:36.:18:39.

by any of the young people or by any of the other staff or by anybody

:18:40.:18:45.

speaking to the other agencies. So none of those was picked up. That is

:18:46.:18:51.

what will form part of a wider review once the police investigation

:18:52.:18:55.

has been completed. So these young people are being let down? Obviously

:18:56.:19:01.

if the staff behaved in the way described in Panorama, that is

:19:02.:19:08.

appalling behaviour, and it will not be accepted and we expect that

:19:09.:19:12.

investigation to thoroughly look at that and following that, when we

:19:13.:19:19.

know the outcome of that, all of us connected with the system will see

:19:20.:19:24.

systems are in place to protect young people and if there are

:19:25.:19:29.

failings, we will immediately take steps to rectify them. What does

:19:30.:19:34.

your company do to try to ensure correct standards are maintained at

:19:35.:19:37.

all times, whatever the conditions staff operate under? First of all,

:19:38.:19:47.

staff recruited. They have a vigorous vetting programme that

:19:48.:19:49.

includes their references, employment history and an enhanced

:19:50.:19:56.

disclosure and barring scheme undertaken by the scheme, which not

:19:57.:20:01.

only looks at whether people have criminal convictions, or whether

:20:02.:20:04.

there is soft information about them. They might associate with

:20:05.:20:09.

people who are inappropriate. They would not be recruited. They take an

:20:10.:20:13.

eight week training course, some of it delivered by ourselves, they meet

:20:14.:20:20.

the youth Justice board, Barnardo's have traders. Until that is

:20:21.:20:23.

completed and the checks are done the board will not approve anyone to

:20:24.:20:27.

go on site to work with young people. We have a range of

:20:28.:20:31.

mechanisms ourselves to try to ensure by speaking to young people,

:20:32.:20:37.

direct visits, walks around the site regularly, and young people have

:20:38.:20:41.

access to complaints boxes and can speak to people at any time. Those

:20:42.:20:46.

are the processes as well as the external agencies I have described

:20:47.:20:50.

that people have access to, are in place currently. The fact

:20:51.:20:55.

whistle-blowers went to the media and apparently not anyone within the

:20:56.:20:59.

organisation, seems to indicate whether it is fair or not that they

:21:00.:21:04.

felt they would not have had a proper hearing, is that a fair

:21:05.:21:09.

assumption to make? I don't believe it is a fair assumption because

:21:10.:21:13.

there are other people on site anybody could go to. The youth

:21:14.:21:16.

Justice board are there all the time. Staff have access to

:21:17.:21:24.

performance monitors and to Barnardo's, health care

:21:25.:21:26.

professionals, as well. There are a range of people permanently on site

:21:27.:21:32.

who are not our own staff. A lot of staff to report issues directly to

:21:33.:21:36.

us if they feel anybody has not behaved appropriately and they are

:21:37.:21:41.

immediately actioned and referred to the safeguarding team and local

:21:42.:21:46.

authorities and so staff to report if they have concerns themselves.

:21:47.:21:50.

The taxpayer plays G4S ?140,000 per child per and to look after children

:21:51.:21:58.

in Medway. G4S has lost a contract previously as a result of previous

:21:59.:22:02.

controversy, is this a contract that should now be looked at? It will run

:22:03.:22:10.

several more years. Do you think, in spite of your position, it would be

:22:11.:22:14.

right for the contract to be looked at? The first task is for us to

:22:15.:22:21.

fully cooperate as we are doing and safeguard information for the police

:22:22.:22:25.

investigation, which it is doing. Once that is concluded we will look

:22:26.:22:30.

at issues and ensure all the children we have there are safely

:22:31.:22:32.

looked after and that is our priority. Those other matters you

:22:33.:22:38.

talked about are down the line, the first priority is to ensure the

:22:39.:22:40.

investigation is first priority is to ensure the

:22:41.:22:45.

place and any actions we will act upon. Paul Cook, thank you very

:22:46.:22:46.

much. As people are evacuated from their

:22:47.:22:48.

still to come before 11. As people are evacuated from their

:22:49.:22:58.

homes in Aberdeenshire, we will have the latest on the situation.

:22:59.:23:05.

Award season is here - we'll be taking a look at this years

:23:06.:23:08.

BAFTA nominations with Eddie Redmayne aiming to win

:23:09.:23:10.

Best Actor for a second year in a row.

:23:11.:23:12.

The private security company G4S has suspended seven members of staff

:23:13.:23:24.

from a secure centre for young offenders in Kent. Police are

:23:25.:23:27.

investigating allegations of abuse and mistreatment.

:23:28.:23:29.

There's no such thing as a "safe level of drinking -

:23:30.:23:31.

the first major review for 20 years warns even a small amount can

:23:32.:23:34.

Tough new guidelines have cut recommended drinking limits and made

:23:35.:23:38.

them the same for both men and women.

:23:39.:23:40.

We've discovered there are more harms than we were fully aware

:23:41.:23:43.

of before and that brings us to a low risk guideline

:23:44.:23:46.

for the public of 14 units over the week.

:23:47.:23:55.

Rescue teams have had to evacuate dozens of people from their homes

:23:56.:23:58.

in northern-eastern Scotland as heavy rain caused the river Don

:23:59.:24:01.

Water levels reached record highs in some areas.

:24:02.:24:10.

Food aid could be delivered to residents of the besieged

:24:11.:24:12.

rebel-held Syrian town of Madaya from Monday,

:24:13.:24:14.

Food aid could be delivered to residents of the besieged

:24:15.:24:20.

rebel-held Syrian town of Madaya from Monday,

:24:21.:24:22.

Many people there are reported to be starving to death.

:24:23.:24:25.

It comes as medics treating refugees at camps in the Balkans say they've

:24:26.:24:28.

seen a sharp increase in the number of people falling ill due

:24:29.:24:31.

Police raiding a flat in Brussels have found suicide vests,

:24:32.:24:35.

traces of explosives, and the fingerprints

:24:36.:24:36.

of Salah Abdeslam, one of the men suspected of the Paris attacks

:24:37.:24:39.

The discoveries were made during a search on December 10th.

:24:40.:24:45.

Jack Garratt has topped the BBC's Sound of 2016 list,

:24:46.:24:51.

which celebrates new and up and coming artists in music.

:24:52.:24:54.

The singer said he was "unbelievably, overwhelmingly

:24:55.:24:55.

Carol and Bridge of Spies lead this year's nominations for the BAFTAs,

:24:56.:25:06.

with Eddie Redmayne aiming to win Best Actor for a second year

:25:07.:25:09.

in a row for his role in The Danish Girl.

:25:10.:25:27.

Armed police are patrolling parts of Manchester after a spate of

:25:28.:25:30.

suspected gang shootings. Six out of eight shootings

:25:31.:25:34.

in the past two weeks have been One man's been arrested on suspicion

:25:35.:25:37.

of attempted murder. Greater Manchester Chief Constable

:25:38.:25:41.

Ian Hopkins says it's worrying but it's not a return to the levels

:25:42.:25:43.

of violence which earned the city We can speak now to Tony Lloyd,

:25:44.:25:46.

who's the Police and Crime Commissioner for the Greater

:25:47.:25:50.

Manchester Police force area. I think he might have just

:25:51.:25:55.

disappeared. We will try to get back in touch with Tony Lloyd. Let's go

:25:56.:26:02.

back to that as soon as we can. Apologies for that. I heard a noise

:26:03.:26:04.

that indicated it was disappearing. Let's return to the flooding

:26:05.:26:12.

which has been going Heavy rain has been hitting northern

:26:13.:26:14.

and eastern Scotland in recent days, with the worst hit areas

:26:15.:26:18.

near Inverurie in Aberdeenshire. The main railway line

:26:19.:26:20.

between Aberdeen and Dundee Severe flood warnings remain

:26:21.:26:22.

in place in Inverurie and Kintore, where the River Don

:26:23.:26:25.

has burst its banks. Aberdeen airport -

:26:26.:26:27.

situated close to the river - was forced to close overnight

:26:28.:26:29.

after heavy rain caused a hole Richard Brown is the head

:26:30.:26:32.

of hydrology at the Scottish Environment Protection Agency

:26:33.:26:41.

and he is in our Inverness studio. Thanks for joining us. What do you

:26:42.:26:50.

make of the levels of flooding we are seeing? Good morning, as you

:26:51.:26:58.

have highlighted, a serious situation has developed in the

:26:59.:27:00.

north-east of Scotland following severe weather earlier in the month

:27:01.:27:05.

and December's whether, as well. This morning we have 37 community

:27:06.:27:11.

level flood warnings and in addition two severe flood warnings in the

:27:12.:27:19.

communities of Inverurie and Kintore. When you get rain at the

:27:20.:27:25.

level we are seeing, levels already being broken for January, is there

:27:26.:27:29.

much that can be done? The main thing people can do is be aware of

:27:30.:27:34.

what is going on around them, with the latest information on the flood

:27:35.:27:37.

line system. Perhaps we could remind viewers. Oh wait 459 881188. --

:27:38.:27:54.

08459 881188. What is the best advice to people affected right now

:27:55.:27:59.

than to fear the flood waters will affect them? The best advice is to

:28:00.:28:03.

be aware of what is going on and keep away from fast moving water.

:28:04.:28:09.

The issue of a severe warning is not taken lightly, it means a danger to

:28:10.:28:13.

life as well as property and the advice is to listen to emergency

:28:14.:28:17.

services' advice. We have seen evacuations overnight. The situation

:28:18.:28:24.

today will improve gradually. Peak water levels have been recorded on

:28:25.:28:28.

some of the main rivers in the north-east. In one of our other jobs

:28:29.:28:33.

-- the agency's other jobs is monitoring waters across Scotland.

:28:34.:28:38.

Our gauging station upstream of Inverurie, last night that level,

:28:39.:28:46.

the flow was eclipsed from previous records. How do flood to compare

:28:47.:28:58.

with what has gone before? Well, as I have said, the levels exceeded

:28:59.:29:03.

anything we have recorded in 45 years. Just upstream of Inverurie,

:29:04.:29:07.

and across other parts of the north-east of Scotland. Write down

:29:08.:29:14.

into Tayside, the flooding over the past week and especially last night

:29:15.:29:19.

and today was well forecast. We work closely with the Met Office and we

:29:20.:29:25.

give the best advice to police and emergency partners and local

:29:26.:29:27.

authorities to ensure people can take whatever action possible to

:29:28.:29:31.

mitigate damage. Number one is keeping out of the effects of the

:29:32.:29:35.

flood water and doing what they can by moving valuable property

:29:36.:29:40.

upstairs. Every time there is flooding, there are questions about

:29:41.:29:45.

flood management, whether the right flood management provisions are in

:29:46.:29:48.

place, whether lessons can be learned next time. Looking at what

:29:49.:29:52.

is going on, do you see anything that might be learned from this to

:29:53.:29:57.

try to prevent something extant? We are always learning from what has

:29:58.:30:05.

taken place in the past. We are looking to implement the flood risk

:30:06.:30:08.

management act which comes from a European directive and from that we

:30:09.:30:12.

have a set of strategies for the first time across Scotland, which

:30:13.:30:15.

will be launched on Monday by the government minister. This will be

:30:16.:30:20.

followed by local flood risk management plans coming into force

:30:21.:30:24.

across Scotland and it means for the first time a consistent national

:30:25.:30:28.

risk-based approach will be taken to flood risk management and the

:30:29.:30:32.

measures taken will be prioritised and put into effect over the coming

:30:33.:30:36.

years. Thank you very much for joining us.

:30:37.:30:41.

Medics working at refugee aid camps in the Balkans say they're seeing

:30:42.:30:44.

a spike in the number of migrants falling ill,

:30:45.:30:46.

Temperatures have fallen to as low as minus 11 degrees in the region.

:30:47.:30:50.

The BBC's Global Health Correspondent Tulip Mazumdar has

:30:51.:30:52.

travelled from Macedonia, through Serbia to the border

:30:53.:30:54.

This is the town of Sid, and it's right at the Serbian

:30:55.:30:59.

As you can see, these people are getting ready for the final leg

:31:00.:31:03.

of their journey out of Serbia towards Croatia.

:31:04.:31:06.

It's been a very long and cold journey to get here.

:31:07.:31:10.

They have hit the time where there has been the most snow

:31:11.:31:12.

that there has been in the last few months, about four inches,

:31:13.:31:15.

it has hit minus eight degrees at night.

:31:16.:31:18.

If we come over this way, you will be able to see people

:31:19.:31:22.

And over here is Sanja Djurica from the International Medical Corps

:31:23.:31:28.

Has the snow had an impact on the number of people coming,

:31:29.:31:36.

the dropping temperatures over the last couple of weeks?

:31:37.:31:40.

Yes, it has a little bit of input, because one month ago,

:31:41.:31:44.

or a few weeks ago, we had an average of 6,000-7,000

:31:45.:31:51.

In the last couple of the weeks, that number has dropped

:31:52.:31:54.

And what sort of condition are people in when they come here,

:31:55.:32:04.

They are frozen like the two of us now.

:32:05.:32:11.

frostbite, and in general, medical conditions that

:32:12.:32:17.

are connected to the very cold weather.

:32:18.:32:22.

The last few days, the snow came finally, and of course,

:32:23.:32:24.

Even during the day, the temperature is around -10.

:32:25.:32:32.

So it's not very nice being outside or travelling in these conditions.

:32:33.:32:39.

And something that has really struck me is the number of children.

:32:40.:32:41.

We can see just here, three very small children,

:32:42.:32:44.

there are a couple there waving at us, hello.

:32:45.:32:50.

What impact does it have on the kids especially?

:32:51.:32:52.

Well, I mean, the kids are the most resilient, fortunately.

:32:53.:32:57.

So they kind of manage to cope somehow with the situation.

:32:58.:33:10.

It is worrying, because we are seeing more and more children

:33:11.:33:30.

These people are beginning their journey out of Serbia.

:33:31.:33:34.

It does continue along this freezing track into Croatia.

:33:35.:33:37.

Most of them heading towards Germany and perhaps further

:33:38.:33:42.

But the road ahead is long, cold and very challenging.

:33:43.:33:54.

Armed police are patrolling parts of Manchester after a spate

:33:55.:33:57.

We can speak to Tony Lloyd, the police and crime commission for the

:33:58.:34:11.

Greater Manchester area. What is behind this? These reports of guns

:34:12.:34:17.

being discharged on the streets of Manchester is outrageous. Not simply

:34:18.:34:23.

for those involved, but the potential for damage to innocent

:34:24.:34:28.

bystanders. What seems to be behind it is quite low-level insults etc.

:34:29.:34:37.

We know that in some contexts there are rival criminal gangs involved.

:34:38.:34:42.

None of this justifies the use of guns. That is why we have a very

:34:43.:34:48.

serious response from Greater Manchester Police to bring this

:34:49.:34:51.

under proper control. Manchester Police to bring this

:34:52.:34:57.

get a grip on this when, since the 22nd of December, there have been

:34:58.:35:00.

eight incidents involving guns across the city and it seems, as you

:35:01.:35:06.

say, most of those have been caused by gang related incidents? Every one

:35:07.:35:10.

of those is a serious incident, that is why police have taken the step of

:35:11.:35:17.

making sure that the public have reassurance, there are armed police

:35:18.:35:20.

on the streets. But the really important thing is getting things

:35:21.:35:24.

under control, working with the community. In Greater Manchester

:35:25.:35:28.

there has been a transformation over the last decade and relations

:35:29.:35:32.

between the police and the public agencies working together and, of

:35:33.:35:37.

course, people within the local communities. It will be people in

:35:38.:35:41.

the local community who will help the police bring this to an end. But

:35:42.:35:45.

I would make an appeal, through the different community leaders, to the

:35:46.:35:52.

mums, dads, brothers and sisters. If you know people involved in this, it

:35:53.:35:58.

is time to bring this to an end. Preferably by involving the police

:35:59.:36:01.

but most certainly by Binny -- bringing pressure to bear on those

:36:02.:36:06.

involved to put an end to this kind of stupidity. It is criminally

:36:07.:36:11.

dangerous and can potentially have the loss of life. We simply don't

:36:12.:36:16.

want to see that again in the streets of Manchester. Do police

:36:17.:36:19.

have the resources needed to deal with this? We know that cuts in

:36:20.:36:25.

policing have had an impact and it would be foolish to pretend

:36:26.:36:30.

otherwise. We have lost 2000 police officers in Greater Manchester. But

:36:31.:36:34.

we have around 60 dedicated officers working in and around the areas with

:36:35.:36:40.

the shootings. Many, any hundreds of police officers, directly and

:36:41.:36:44.

indirectly, working to help the dedicated officers. On top of that

:36:45.:36:50.

we have the armed response available. In those terms, the

:36:51.:36:55.

police numbers won't be allowed to frustrate... A lack of police

:36:56.:37:00.

numbers will not be allowed to frustrate proper investigation and

:37:01.:37:03.

reassurance for the public, that is what the public of Greater

:37:04.:37:07.

Manchester would expect. This is a pretty, we are talking about the

:37:08.:37:11.

potential for serious harm, it will be a priority for the Chief

:37:12.:37:15.

Constable and, certainly, for me. When you say this is a priority and

:37:16.:37:21.

that cuts have had an impact, does this mean that other areas will

:37:22.:37:26.

suffer because of this? If police are obligated to work on this

:37:27.:37:30.

particular area of activity they are not working on other areas. That is

:37:31.:37:34.

a statement of the obvious. There is not the luxury in Greater Manchester

:37:35.:37:41.

Police of spare resources. We have just had a Budget announcement from

:37:42.:37:45.

the Chancellor each sees cuts in the Greater Manchester Police, which is

:37:46.:37:50.

not what the public want. There is a wake-up call for central government.

:37:51.:38:00.

Actually, policing conurbations like Greater Manchester, not just Greater

:38:01.:38:03.

Manchester, requires adequate policing to make sure we can cover

:38:04.:38:06.

the full range of things that the public would expect. Tony Lloyd,

:38:07.:38:08.

thank you very much. Awards season is underway -

:38:09.:38:11.

and it's the turn of the British Academy to announce

:38:12.:38:14.

the nominations for the BAFTA Film Stephen Fry revealed the contenders

:38:15.:38:16.

- Dame Maggie Smith, Cate Blanchett and Alicia Vikander

:38:17.:38:19.

are on the best actress list. Eddie Redmayne is in the running

:38:20.:38:22.

for his second BAFTA as best actor up against Bryan Cranston

:38:23.:38:25.

and Matt Damon. Lizo Mzumba was at BAFTA

:38:26.:38:28.

HQ in central London The BAFTA nominations,

:38:29.:38:31.

yes, were announced here Joining me now to discuss them

:38:32.:38:33.

is the film critic James King. First of all, James,

:38:34.:38:37.

BAFTA seem to have embraced two very With nine nominations,

:38:38.:38:40.

Bridge of Spies, the Cold War Yeah, they do seem different

:38:41.:38:43.

on the face of it, but I also think that both have a very

:38:44.:38:49.

traditional epic gloss Beautifully told stories by

:38:50.:38:51.

Todd Haynes and Stephen Spielberg, the directors, so, yes,

:38:52.:38:58.

very different themes, perhaps but, ultimately,

:38:59.:39:00.

I think they are both quite nostalgic and romantic

:39:01.:39:02.

in the way that they are made. In the top five films

:39:03.:39:07.

for best film overall, BAFTA doesn't really seem to have

:39:08.:39:09.

embraced British film I mean, the British film category

:39:10.:39:11.

itself is very strong. You see Brooklyn in there and Amy

:39:12.:39:22.

in there amongst other things. But I was a little bit surprised

:39:23.:39:25.

that they didn't break On the plus side that is properly

:39:26.:39:28.

just because it's been a good year. The Revenant is just behind the top

:39:29.:39:33.

two with eight nominations, a very visceral, intense performance

:39:34.:39:39.

from Leonardo DiCaprio. He seems to be the runaway

:39:40.:39:41.

favourite for the BAFTA I think voters like it

:39:42.:39:44.

when an actor suffers, And, boy, did Leonardo

:39:45.:39:49.

suffer for that role. In fact, I think a lot of people

:39:50.:39:52.

suffered making that movie, It's set in Montana,

:39:53.:39:55.

South Dakota, about a guy Lost, left for dead

:39:56.:39:59.

out in the wilderness. So it was tough to make

:40:00.:40:04.

for everyone involved. But voters like to see that actors

:40:05.:40:06.

have really gone through the mill. Do I think it's the best

:40:07.:40:09.

Leo performance ever? I think he's done roles that

:40:10.:40:11.

are perhaps more interesting with more range but,

:40:12.:40:15.

let's be honest, it feels like his time, doesn't it,

:40:16.:40:17.

to win something. And Alicia Vikander nominated

:40:18.:40:19.

for best actress for The Danish Girl and best supporting

:40:20.:40:21.

actress for Ex Machina. The last 12 months have been

:40:22.:40:24.

particularly good for her. The Man From U.N.C.L.E,

:40:25.:40:37.

Testament Of Youth, as well as Ex Machina and The Danish

:40:38.:40:39.

Girl. She is the actress everyone

:40:40.:40:43.

is going to at the moment, and I can understand why,

:40:44.:40:45.

because she seems to bring a real class and intelligence

:40:46.:40:49.

to all of her performances. There's no such thing

:40:50.:40:55.

as a safe level of drinking - the first major review for 20 years

:40:56.:40:58.

warns even a small amount can Earlier I spoke to a group that

:40:59.:41:01.

have a mixture of drinking habits There are so many guidelines that

:41:02.:41:18.

come out and so many scientific papers, one can almost look for the

:41:19.:41:22.

answer one wants and then find it. You found a paper that said about 63

:41:23.:41:27.

units. In fairness to the Chief Medical Officer, this is not just

:41:28.:41:32.

one study, it is a collation of all of our scientific knowledge, and I

:41:33.:41:35.

do genuinely believe that these guidelines are probably correct, but

:41:36.:41:39.

it gets diverted by all of the health message is that we are

:41:40.:41:44.

bombarded white -- bombarded by. I am not surprised as the late public

:41:45.:41:48.

that you guys are confused and sceptical. What the Chief Medical

:41:49.:41:52.

Officer is saying is that it is about what people regard as an

:41:53.:41:56.

acceptable level of risk. Winding down your level of alcohol

:41:57.:42:00.

consumption on a risk analysis, you have a one in ten chance, at least,

:42:01.:42:05.

of dying of something that is a direct result of alcohol

:42:06.:42:08.

consumption. And a nine in ten chance of dying of something not

:42:09.:42:14.

related to alcohol. People talk about the nanny state, I am

:42:15.:42:18.

concerned about the sheer volume... Sorry, just on the point about Ritz,

:42:19.:42:22.

you say nine in ten chance of not, one in ten is a risk you are happy

:42:23.:42:27.

to take? I am going to die of something. And the trouble with

:42:28.:42:32.

risk, and I have this conversation a lot in GP surgeries, you should not

:42:33.:42:35.

be smoking or doing this or doing that, Roddy's risk of dying from an

:42:36.:42:39.

alcohol-related diseases combined with the risks of the rest of his

:42:40.:42:44.

life behaviour. Perhaps he is a marathon runner, and that reduces

:42:45.:42:48.

his risk. Perhaps eaters other positive things within his diet that

:42:49.:42:53.

reduce the risk. -- perhaps he does other positive things. Talking about

:42:54.:42:58.

the risk simply from alcohol is a natural, nobody lives like that. We

:42:59.:43:03.

are hearing that every sip of alcohol increases your risk of

:43:04.:43:06.

cancer. Do something as stark as that make you think again about

:43:07.:43:12.

drinking? I guess it certainly makes you think harder, but I think the

:43:13.:43:15.

message has been deleted by the fact they are not saying don't drink at

:43:16.:43:18.

all, they are saying drink up to 14 units. It is part of the wider

:43:19.:43:25.

lifestyle discussion. For me as a student, there are loads of student

:43:26.:43:30.

nights, really cheap alcohol, people feeling that the only way to have a

:43:31.:43:36.

good time is to have a drink. Maybe universities and society in general

:43:37.:43:38.

should promote events where you do not necessarily have to get drunk to

:43:39.:43:42.

have a good time. As a student, going to university and meeting new

:43:43.:43:45.

people, that is relevant to me. Thank you for your company today,

:43:46.:43:46.

and for all your messages, which really do help to

:43:47.:43:49.

inform our conversations.

:43:50.:43:53.

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