27/09/2012 BBC World News


27/09/2012

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Stark warning from the United Nations that the numbers of

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refugees fleeing Syria could reach 700,000 by the end of the year.

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Spaniards gripped by recession and severe unemployment are bracing

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themselves for a new austerity budget. A Chinese dissident loses

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his final appeal against a tax evasion fine. He says it's

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politically motivated. Welcome to BBC World News. Also

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coming up: a car powered by wind turbines has sped into the history

:00:44.:00:50.

books after break the UK land speed record for an electric car.

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And it will either draw you in or frighten you off, but yodelling is

:00:55.:01:05.
:01:05.:01:11.

on the comeback trail in the Hello. Thanks for being with us.

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The UN's refugee agency says the number of those fleeing the

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violence Syria could reach 700,000 by the end of the year. The agency

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warned that the UN was running out of time to stem the violence.

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Around 300,000 have already escaped to neighbouring Jordan, Iraq,

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Lebanon and Turkey. The organisation is appealing for half

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a billion dollars to help support the refugees. I'm joined on the

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line from Geneva by theunun's regional coordinator for Syrian

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refugees. Thank you very much for joining us. First of all, how do

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you arrive at that figure because it is a huge number. This figure is

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a humanitarian figure. It's based on trends, the fact that during

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August we have had an average of 3,000 refugees crossing the border.

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This September we continued to have 2,000 crossing the border, so we're

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forecasting to continue to receive and help Syrian refugees as they

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cross, but we're also seeing an increasing number of refugees who

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are already in Jordan or Lebanon who are are now coming forward to

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register because the vulnerability increases they need assistance. We

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want to make sure that in 52 organisations, NGOs we have put

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together our planning to make sure we have the resources, the

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humanitarian assistance to provide the very bare minimum to help the

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Syrian refugees when they cross the border. Right. We have pictures

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here at the moment of thousands at border crossings trying to get help

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of course. Give us an idea as to how well those refugees are being

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dealt with, being sheltered now, and perhaps give us an idea as to

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how much work you've got to do. First of all, the four neighbouring

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countries, of Turkey, Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, needs to have an open

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border policy. It will help the neighbouring countries and host

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countries to help the refugees as they are. At the moment we have

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moved into an emergency mode. We have mobilised relief teams on the

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basis on a 24-hour basis. We have relief duty workers who go on duty

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at night to help the refugees when they arrive. The objective is to

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make sure every refugee has shelter. They're given medical emergency

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assistance, food, water, the basic assistance. Three-quarters of those

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crossing are women and children. Half of them are children, so we're

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seeing primarily families who are crossing the borders in significant

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numbers, and we're - unfortunately, we have seen a deterioration during

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the last two months, and we want to be sure we're ready to have the

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resources to continue supporting them. Obviously, the movement of

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this number of people is bound to bring tensions to the countries,

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isn't it? I suppose the problem the UN has as you put out this appeal

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for more money, it's the UN itself under fire for being unable to

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forge any positive position to try and stem the violence.

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humanitarian actors, our focus is on the humanitarian response. We

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hope very much to see a political solution, but obviously in the

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absence of this, those heroin consequences are dramatic and

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deteriorating as we speak, so the impact inside the country is

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reflected very clearly with thousands of people who are

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crossing the border. Thank you very much.

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The Spanish government is meeting to put the final touches to a new

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round of austerity measures. Details of the new budget are due

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to be announced to the public in just over an hour, but measures are

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expected to include higher taxes and changes to pensions. The Prime

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Minister is already facing unrest on the streets as Spaniards begin a

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a third day of protests against further austerity.

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The BBC's Tom Burridge is in Madrid with details of those budget

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announcements. If you believe the rumours, there are going to be deep

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cuts across the board, maybe up to 40 billion euros. We're going to

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see infrastructure spending slashed, possibly plan to privatise the

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railways. Spain has the biggest or most impressive network of high-

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speed rail in Europe, so it is sort of closely guarded by a lot of

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people here in Spain, and civil servants will have their wages

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frozen for a third year running, but Spain is in trouble not only,

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you know, under pressure from the markets and from its partners in

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the eurozone, but its general finances are poor. It's in a

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deepening recession. Of course it's got record levels of high

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unemployment, and those are contributing to a decrease in

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revenue for the Government. The Government is desperately trying to

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balance its budget because it needs to do so to convince its eurozone

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partners in the market, but that is ever harder because of the economic

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conditions that exist here in Spain, the record unemployment, the

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recession. Therefore, within that context we're going to see yet more

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forced austerity cuts later today. I want to stay with the crisis for

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Violent protests across Greece on Wednesday against the austerity

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programme already in place, in fact, and the demonstrations really part

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of the 24-hour general strike, and that was the first on that scale

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since the new Conservative coalition Government came to power

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in June. Let's put all of this together.

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Aaron is with me now having a look at the business. Spain is the focus

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today. The epicentre. If you've got the sort of pictures we have seen

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on the streets of Madrid and now talk about more belt tightening, it

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all goes one way, and that's just downhill for the Spaniards, isn't

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it? Absolutely. The draconian budget we're expecting - you say

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more belt tightening - it's going to be about a $50 million budget

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including the structural reforms but all eyes - if I was a market I

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wouldn't be able to talk to you because I would be holding my

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breath. That's what the markets are doing. They're watching very, very

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closely. But the markets are a funny old world because take a look

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at them. They're up. This is after yesterday. They had their biggest

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They're up on the hope this budget will nudge Madrid towards accepting

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a full rescue package. If it accepts a full rescue package, then

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it would go down the line of launching the European Central

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Bank's bond buying programme where they'd buy up the debt - the debt

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from these troubled economies in the hopes of bringing down the

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yield - the borrowing cost because Spain as of yesterday - Spain's

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borrowing costs surpassed that 6% level, again, getting into the

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danger zone, the levels where they become unsteabl sustainable. It is

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the markets - let's not can kid ourselves - that can drive these

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economies into having to ask for a bail-out. Let's listen to Jane

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Foley from Rabobank. She explained why this budget for Spain is so

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I think if you're a Spanish person, particularly one of the unemployed

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in Spain, it will certainly look very tough. Of course, one of the

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reasons this budget is expected to be tough is because the Government

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is expected to put in place measures that'll be acceptable to

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the IMF, to the ECB and theic toca if they were then to follow --

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Troika if they were to ask for a bail-out. Normally when a country

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asks for a bail-out, the Troika come back and say, yes, but you

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need to do this, this, and this. Spain need to present this budget

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as a fait accompli. Then they don't need to suffer if they ask for a

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bail-out as expected. Now one European industry that's

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been particularly hard hit by the eurozone crisis is the car industry.

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From today top bosses are getting together at the Paris Motor Show,

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the world's biggest. There'll be plenty of shiny new cars to look at

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- but behind the glitzy faade there's plenty to worry about.

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Europe is the worst performing market globally, China is slowing

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down, and automakers are responding by cutting costs and jobs.

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Germany's Daimler, the makers of Mercedes luxury cars, warned

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earlier this month its annual profit would be lower than expected,

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because of deteriorating market conditions in Europe and

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:10:22.:10:22.

intensified competition in China. Speaking to me from the Motor Show

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was the Chief Executive Deeter Tsetche. China's forecasts are

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coming down, but the growth rate has diminished. We expect China to

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continue to grow perhaps at a somewhat lower level. This attracts

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all of us, including Mercedes. That's one of the reasons why we

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somewhat lowered our guidance for the remainder of the year. Talking

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of China and Asia in general - I know in China I was reading -

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correct me if I'm wrong, that Mercedes was lagging behind its

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competitors. That was more to do with production changeover or

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difficulties. Are you going to continue to increase exposure in

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China and Asia? We had five years of great developments in China. We

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were the latest to come among the premier manufacturers. We came up

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to the level of BMW. The last 12 plus months we lost a little bit of

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this strong momentum, and we're reestablishing part of it because

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of lack of production. We have other homemade issues which we're

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addressing. We're clearly on a plan of growth for the future. We were

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at capacity. We're at capacity in China, and we're definitely betting

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on further growth and success in China. It's also an interesting

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comparison when you look at the US car market crisis in America in

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2008. That crisis was sharp and dramatic where some are saying the

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European slump is proving to be a long-distance marathon. Where do

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you see the finish line? I mean, we in this industry since 125 years,

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and we intend to stay there another 125 years at least, so there is no

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finish line, but in this industry you never can lean back. You have

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to improve your efficiency. We have come up with exciting, great new

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products all the time. Of course, the viewerment always presents you

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sometimes with more tailwinds, sometimes more head winds.

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Altogether, the economy has become more volatile, so flexibility is

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the name of the game. We do believe we're very well positioned in this

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thing that generally the premium manufacturers have a better or a

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more supportive business model to succeed in the future than the

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volume manufacturers. There you go. There is the boss of Daimler trying

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to remain optimistic. I am going to talk to the boss of Nissan. There

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is a lot going on. Thank you very much indeed for all of that. Thanks

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for watching BBC World News. Still to come, we have the latest for you

:12:59.:13:03.

on the trial of a British woman in Bali. She faces execution if

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:13:13.:13:15.

convicted of smuggling cocaine. It's not what you know. It's what

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you don't know that matters - at least when you are the leader of

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your country. That was the lesson Britain's Prime Minister, David

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Cameron, learned when he appeared on the hugely popular Late Show

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with David Letterman in New York. He was challenged on a number of

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key issues of British history and geography, but just when he seemed

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to be winning,.he blew it. Our deputy political editor James

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Landale has more. APPLAUSE

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There were no questions about Andrew Mitchell or Boris Johnson or

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the state of the coalition. Instead, when David Cameron appeared on the

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Late Show with David Letterman in New York last night, he found

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himself being closely interrogated about British history and culture.

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He revealed one or two gaps in his general knowledge.

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Do you mind if I ask you a lot of dumb American questions? Fire away.

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He was able to explain the differences between the nations of

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the UK, the size of the population, the extent of the British Empire

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and the date and place where Magna Carta was signed, but much to his

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embarrassment, Mr Cameron was unable to say what Magna Carta

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meant in English. The literal translation is what? Again, you're

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testing me - LAUGHTER

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Boy, it would be good if you knew this. It would. It's good for the

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American public to be able to see him. I don't think they know that

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much about him. I didn't have a view of him before this. I liked

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him. I thought he was a good guy. What the three million Americans

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watching made of it is not known. When David Cameron returns home

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later this week, he'll probably be hoping the border staff don't ask

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The huge earthquakes that struck off the coast of Sumatra back in

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April may signal the creation of a new tectonic plate boundary. This

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is according to scientists writing in the journal, Nature. They are

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suggesting major changes are taking place on the ocean floor which will

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eventually split the Indo- Australian played into two. It

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won't be happening soon, this kind of split can take a few million

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years. We can go back further than that now. Astronomers producing

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some extraordinary views of the universe. This image from the

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Hubble space telescope, showing galaxies stretching back almost to

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the time when the first stars began to shine. Because the light has

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come from so far away, it shows the universe as it was 13.2 billion

:15:43.:15:53.
:15:53.:15:58.

The headlines. The UN refugee agency, the UNHCR, has given a

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warning that they could be as many as 700,000 Syrian refugees in

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neighbouring countries by the end of the year. Protesters have been

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massing around the parliament building in Madrid as Spain

:16:09.:16:14.

prepares to publish its austerity budget for the next year. The

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Chinese dissident artist Ai Weiwei has lost his final appeal in a tax

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evasion find which he says is politically motivated. The artist

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is going to have to pay out $2.4 million, following the ruling by an

:16:27.:16:37.
:16:37.:16:39.

Ai Weiwei says this was a case he never believed he could win. During

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the entire legal process, says the artist, he didn't see the evidence

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against him. After the final appeal he addressed journalists outside

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the court. TRANSLATION: People say, you knew

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the result of this from the beginning. That is true. The result

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today is not the result that should have been given. China should be

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changing every day but in truth, this is not happening. We are still

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living under a Watt and legal system. This system cannot possibly

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have impartiality or justice. Weiwei is China's most famous

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living artist, but he's also an outspoken critic of the ruling

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Communist Party. His high-profile case is carefully watched to see

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how China's leaders choose to deal with dissent. Last year, he was

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secretly detained for 81 days, sparking international condemnation.

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Following his release his firm was charged with tax evasion. He

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believes the charges were politically motivated, designed to

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silence him. At earlier hearings the authorities wouldn't allow him

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to attend proceedings so instead his wife attended on his behalf.

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But now he has lost his final appeal and will need to pay a

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massive fine. Ai Weiwei has labelled China's legal system as

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backward and barbaric. He says that he won't pay the outstanding tax

:18:05.:18:10.

find against him, and that is a move that once again is likely to

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put him on collision course with the authorities. The trial of a 56-

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year-old British woman accused of drug smuggling in Bali has been

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postponed. Lindsey Sandiford was in court today and told a judge she

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had yet to appoint a lawyer. Mrs Sandiford was arrested in May,

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charged with facilitating the sale of more than five grams of drugs.

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That is a crime punishable by death in Indonesia. Three other Britons

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living in Bali have also been arrested and are facing trial on

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similar charges. Lindsay Sandiford is thought to be at the very heart

:18:48.:18:53.

of this case. The 56-year-old housewife from Gloucestershire was

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arrested in May in Bali airport, after customs officials said they

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found 4.8 kilograms of cocaine stuffed into the lining of her

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suitcase. After her arrest she is understood to have participated in

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a sting operation which led to the subsequent arrest of three other

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British nationals living on the island of Bali, all of whom are

:19:14.:19:18.

facing drug-related charges. Covering her head with a bright red

:19:18.:19:23.

sarong and shielding her face from the glare of television cameras,

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Mrs Sandiford made her first court appearance this Thursday in Bali,

:19:27.:19:30.

but barely five minutes after the court session began she told judges

:19:30.:19:34.

that she has yet to appoint a lawyer. Now the trial has been

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postponed to next week. If she is found guilty of the charges that

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Indonesian prosecutors are hoping to find against her, she could face

:19:42.:19:46.

the death penalty. Indonesia has some of the toughest anti-drug laws

:19:46.:19:50.

in the world - the harshest punishment is the death penalty but

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it is infrequently applied to foreigners. Burma's President will

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address the United Nations later in the day. His speech coming as the

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United States has announced it is lifting its ban on the import of

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goods from Burma. The opposition party, led by Aung San Suu Kyi, has

:20:09.:20:14.

welcomed that lifting of the ban. The West relaxed its financial

:20:14.:20:16.

restrictions after the country held by-elections earlier in the year.

:20:16.:20:19.

This is how the US Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, justified

:20:19.:20:25.

the move. The United States is taking the next step in normalising

:20:26.:20:34.

our commercial relationship. We hope this world provide more

:20:34.:20:40.

opportunities for the people to sell their goods into our market.

:20:40.:20:43.

Our correspondent has been talking to the Speaker of the Burmese

:20:44.:20:48.

Parliament. He was one of the top generals and the old regime. We

:20:48.:20:51.

began by asking about the state of relations between the government

:20:51.:20:58.

and the opposition parties there. TRANSLATION: I had good relations

:20:58.:21:02.

with Aung San Suu Kyi. What happened in the past is over, it's

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finished. I don't see any point dwelling on it. Because she also

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loves her country, her people, we have the same intentions. She was

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locked up for many years. The former ruler, who was very close to

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you, could barely speak her name. Doesn't it feel strange now to be

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working so closely with somebody who was once viewed by the

:21:28.:21:33.

government you were in as an enemy? TRANSLATION: It is not strange for

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me. I believe this is something we need to deal with the present

:21:36.:21:41.

situation. That is why I'm collaborating with her very closely.

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Though Aung San Suu Kyi is not my enemy, and I'm sure I am not her

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enemy, too, we have the same ambition, and that is to serve the

:21:49.:21:55.

interests of our nation and people. We are colleagues. You were a

:21:56.:22:02.

senior figure in the old regime. Why did it take so long for change

:22:02.:22:07.

to start and why was the old system so harsh towards its opponents, so

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repressive? Yes, it has taken some time to change our country, but it

:22:17.:22:21.

was like that because of the prevailing situation at that time.

:22:21.:22:26.

I believe the problem of the armed groups was an important factor.

:22:26.:22:30.

Although the government wanted to establish a multi-party system and

:22:30.:22:36.

a market economy, due to the situation then it was not possible.

:22:36.:22:41.

We've got a new record for you. The UK land speed record which has just

:22:41.:22:44.

been set as the world's first electric supercar broke the

:22:44.:22:48.

existing market the track and the North of England. This is the scene.

:22:48.:22:52.

This is an airfield near York when Nemesis, that is the name of the

:22:52.:22:58.

car, is thought to have reached almost 150 mph. Our correspondent

:22:58.:23:03.

is there. He spoke to the driver straight after the record attempt.

:23:03.:23:08.

Nick Ponting here, who used so was the driver of Nemesis. He's been

:23:08.:23:11.

waiting all morning patiently because we were waiting for some

:23:11.:23:15.

safety staff to arrive. How was that? Brilliant. The car felt

:23:15.:23:19.

really good. We are going to wait to see the calculations but I feel

:23:19.:23:23.

fairly confident. Hopefully we've done it. I don't know whether you

:23:23.:23:27.

are happy to give the game away, but what sort of speeds do you

:23:27.:23:33.

think you got? A in the car it was 153. As long as the calculations

:23:33.:23:39.

Stack, we've done it. I'm looking across, I'm not sure if they are

:23:39.:23:42.

quite right yet. We talked to you earlier about the difference

:23:42.:23:46.

between driving an electric car and the type of racing cars you

:23:46.:23:51.

normally drive. You don't get the role of the engine, of course. To

:23:51.:23:54.

you, as the driver, how different is it and why does it feel

:23:54.:24:00.

different? The acceleration is phenomenal. The quicker it goes,

:24:00.:24:07.

the quicker it accelerates. It is fantastic. From 100-150, it feels

:24:07.:24:11.

you are accelerating the same as from nought to 60. The car felt

:24:11.:24:18.

brilliant, the most stable it's felt. It was exciting to watch.

:24:18.:24:24.

Let's hope that the congratulations. They've done it, have they? Yes,

:24:24.:24:30.

they've done it. Congratulations, you've broken the record. That is

:24:30.:24:40.
:24:40.:24:51.

the UK electric car record. 148.490 mph. -- 148.4 mph. Are you going to

:24:51.:25:01.

have another go? Why not? Beat the old record by 11 mph. Not quite

:25:01.:25:05.

Formula One but an awful lot quieter. In Austria, the hills are

:25:05.:25:09.

alive with the the sound of people learning to yodel. Hiking trail

:25:09.:25:13.

with audio recordings and yodelling signs has recently opened in the

:25:13.:25:20.

west of the country. If you've always secretly wanted to yodel but

:25:20.:25:24.

were too embarrassed to really let loose, try a hike in the Austrian

:25:24.:25:32.

Alps. A new trail into roll offers tips and lessons, 2000 metres above

:25:32.:25:37.

sea level. TRANSLATION: You can do it on your

:25:37.:25:41.

own, in pairs or in a group. On top of that, you can enjoy EA hike

:25:41.:25:44.

against this incredible backdrop. With this beautiful view. I

:25:44.:25:50.

personally always find it easier to your door, let out these cries of

:25:50.:25:56.

joy when I am up on the mountain. Dotted along the trail are signs

:25:56.:26:00.

and post with audio recordings of yodelling. You press the button and

:26:00.:26:08.

sing along. TRANSLATION: It's liberating, it

:26:08.:26:12.

opens us all. It's great, just great. It does the heart and the

:26:12.:26:21.

soul the world of good. Yodelling was originally used by shepherds

:26:21.:26:30.

calling from peak to peak. These days it is undergoing something of

:26:31.:26:39.

a revival. And where better to practise than high in the hills! It

:26:39.:26:44.

will either draw you in or send you fleeing. Before we go, one last

:26:44.:26:52.

picture we have to show you. These pandas in China. What you can't see

:26:52.:26:54.

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