12/10/2012 BBC World News

The Nobel peace prize goes to the EU for its role in the promotion of

reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe. It has helped to

transform most of Europe into a continental peace. Seven Royal

Marines are arrested on suspicion of murder in Afghanistan. The TV

debate between the US Vice- Welcome to the programme. Our main

headline - this year's Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to the

European Union. The committee said it deserved the award for its long-

term role in uniting the continent after World War II. The President

of the committee acknowledged that it was a turbulent time for Europe,

but he said the award was well deserved. The union has over six

decades contributed to the advancement of peace and

reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe. Between the two

wars, the Nobel committee made several awards to persons who were

seeking reconciliation between Germany and France. Since 1945,

that reconciliation has become a reality. The dreadful suffering in

World War II demonstrated the need for a new Europe. Over 70 years,

Germany and France had fought three wars. Today, war between Germany

and France is unthinkable. This shows how, through well aimed

efforts and by building up mutual confidence, historic enemies can

become close partners. We can go live to Berlin and Paris now. How

is this being viewed in Berlin? Chancellor Merkel is speaking at

the moment, she called it a wonderful decision. She has

mentioned the role of peace after the war, but she is now turning the

prize-giving into something relating to today, and bracketing

it with the euro. Basically, the political class is welcoming it

here, but if you look on Twitter, the German reaction to it is pretty

sceptical. Let me reduce some of the reactions from the political

people. This one is from the Foreign Minister - a great decision

which makes me proud and happy. But this is from a green MP - EU gets

Nobel Prize? Please, no. When they gave it to Obama, everything went

downhill thereafter. But the President of the German parliament

says, the EU is a unique project which replaced war with peace,

eight with Solidarity. -- hate with Solidarity. So, basically, the pro-

Europeans are jumping on it, saying it shows the long-term benefits of

the project. But then, there is scepticism from people in the

Twitter world about the current situation. Over to Brussels - is

this good news for the EU at a difficult time? I think it is going

to get a very, very mixed reaction. Yes, it will be good news for those

who run the institutions, who will say, it is worth remembering some

of our past achievements, even at this difficult time for the union.

There is a very famous image of former German Chancellor Helmut

Kohl and former French President Francois Mitterrand's holding hands

while standing in front of a war grave, remembering the countless

number of dead French and Germans in World Wars this century. I think

there is a widespread belief in both of those countries that the

European Union has played a role in meaning that war has not been seen

within the countries of the European Union since the Second

World War. Yes, there have been civil conflicts in Northern Ireland,

in the Basque country, and in Bosnia, which many people so the

European Union did far too little to stop escalating. But overall,

within the territory of the EU, the idea of a constant stream of wars

between France and Germany and Britain, over hundreds of years,

has been removed, in large part, by the European Union. But there is no

question, this feels like quite a strange time to remind people about

that, at a time when the EU is struggling to define where it is

going to go in the future. We can go to Paris now. I guess it for a

country which is undoubtedly one half of the European engine, this

is good news, despite having a new President, who has got a slightly

different attitude to his predecessor? Yes, broadly, in the

political classes in France, everybody is totally pro-European,

and this reinforces the argument that you hear constantly from the

establishment here about Europe, firstly, that it promotes Europe

and will give Europe a standing on the world stage, and secondly, that

it has performed this historic role in maintaining peace since the

Second World War. I think the reaction of the establishment here

will be towed to Blee -- totally favourable, inevitably. They will

see it as well timed as well. You hear the argument about maintaining

the peace less and less these days. The people in power now were born

in the shadow of a second world war. But that is not true any more. --

of the Second World War. For that generation, it is very important to

reinforce the message about peace, because we do not hear it so much.

But I would agree about how it is a slightly odd time to bring this up,

or maybe it is because of this, that they have brought it up now.

Because of course, in Europe, other arguments are appearing, even the

counter argument that Europe is installing a kind of reverse

nationalism, that the lack of democracy in Europe is creating a

backlash within the nation's, due to the undemocratic nature of the

institutions, which is moving us back down the road towards

nationalism and so on, as if the world of the elites in Europe are

saying, no, you must remember how Europe has been forged. So, one

doesn't see this tension between the elites and the people, echoed

in this decision by the committee in Stockholm. We can speak now to

Lord David Owen, the former British Foreign Secretary. Politically, you

of course our pro Europe - are there any potential negatives in

this award? I do not think so. Over a period of years, going right back

to the European Coal and Steel community, which undoubtedly laid

the foundations for a solid relationship between France and

Germany, and there have been many areas where the European community,

now at the European Union, have tried very hard. Perhaps we did not

do enough over Bosnia. It is easy to criticise, incidentally. But

they certainly did a lot in Kosovo. They have also done a good deal in

Africa, even in the Middle East, in terms of aid and development. And

of course, always championing human rights. Overall, I think Europe can

claim that the institutional aspect has helped world peace. But one has

to remember, they could not even agree on what to do about Libya,

with the Germans refusing to involve themselves, and France and

Britain a green. There have been many other serious divisions, over

Iraq and other areas, so we are a long way away from having total

agreement on foreign policy, even on peace issues. Over Syria, there

is still really no movement. In many ways, that is an issue for the

UN Security Council. One remembers your own efforts in the Balkans,

round about the same time as Lord Carrington, for example, and the

Dayton peace accord, which was not 100% successful, but it was the

jumping off point for what we now have in the Balkans - could your

peace efforts, criticised though they were in some quarters at the

time, have happened without the European Union, without those

stones on which the EU was built? Yacht like almost all such

arrangements, what Lord Carrington started, I and others continued,

and then came Richard Holbrooke and the eventual commitment to use

force. The problem over Bosnia- Herzegovina was the refusal to use

force for three years, which has left the country essentially today

very seriously divided. But we did learn lessons in Kosovo. We did use

force, and there was also a humanitarian operation. The great

thing is not to pretend. The problem of the European Union is

pretension, they keep claiming more than the truth. But clearly, it

must be a good thing for neighbours to try to reach agreement. That's

what the European Union to have any. There are those who want ever more

integration in every aspect, but those of being rejected by their

own people, not just in Britain, there is a great backlash against

that type of centralised Europe. It is still alive in Germany, and it

is still being argued as a necessary element for the eurozone.

And it may be, one currency only usually works in one country, and I

think more integration is one aspect to making the eurozone,

which I am very glad Britain is not a member of, succeed. In this sense,

the Peace Prize is often used as a stimulus to greater activity. And I

think this is a bad time for Europe at the moment, so to have this

accolade, this is no more than the Nobel Peace Prize has done to the

UN, to the UNHCR. It is an encouragement, as well as the award

itself. I think there is that element of encouragement, rather

than reward in this case. Time for the business news. We are staying

with the eurozone, because we are talking about the IMF. Yes, this is

the focal point for the global economy, the epicentre of the

global crisis. In Tokyo, the World Bank and IMF meetings are getting

under way this Friday. The debt crisis in Europe will be centre

stage. We invited key figures from these meetings to take part in the

BBC World Debate, including the leader of the IMF, Christine

Lagarde, and the German Finance Minister, Wolfgang Schauble. It

seems that the two leaders have differing views on how to tackle

the debt crisis in Europe. Our correspondent was at the debate,

and she explained what was happening. It was interesting. Over

the course of the last few days, we have seen Christine Lagarde talking

about how to much austerity, or at least, too much, too quickly, has

really hurt growth. You saw them cut their forecast for global

growth. Their seemed to be a suggestion on Thursday that the

German Finance Minister was accusing Christine Lagarde of back-

pedalling on her commitment, if you like, to austerity, to fiscal

consolidation. Today, though, in the BBC World Debate, when asked

directly how far apart the two were on this, the German Finance

Minister, Wolfgang Schauble, said, there is no difference. But he did

say that it was important, certainly in the case of Greece,

that countries should not backtrack, that they should stick to their

commitments. This is what he had to say. They have to stick to

decisions made, and in a democracy, a majority is essential. You can

look at a lot of examples all over Europe - we need a sustainable

fiscal policy as one precondition of sustainable growth. People do

not want short-term growth, what they want is to get a medium term,

sustainable growth, and that is the There is no doubt in our mind that

the burden of debt that is currently weighing on the shoulders

of the advanced economies is not sustainable in the long term. But

it's going to take time. It's a marathon, not a sprint.

understand that when Christine Lagarde suggested that there should

be more stimulus, she did actually say, how are you going to pay for

it? She doesn't agree that people should borrow more. She doesn't,

and that is where, I think, the difference is, and where this clash

has been overblown. Picking up on her analogy, you don't run a

marathon in the opposite direction. But, of course, if you start

increasing your debt, that is, arguably, what you might be doing.

Others, the former US budget director, suggested when it is very

cold, if you're running a marathon, you might want extra clothing.

Plenty of room in this debate in the next day and a half as the

world leaders gather and that they also pledging to do more to help

countries affected by the Arab Spring. And you can see the whole

debate on BBC World News this Saturday at the IMF forum in Tokyo

hosted by our very own Nik Gowing. Some much-needed good news from

Europe on Friday. Factories across the 17 countries of the eurozone

produced more goods in August compared with July. Industrial

production rose 0.6% according to official figures. The rise was

bigger than forecast but still lower than a year earlier.

Factories in France, Italy and Germany saw the biggest rise in

order books. James Ashley is Senior European Economist at Royal Bank of

Canada. He says we can't read to much into these figures. And the

situation in Europe is still pretty grim. There's definitely an

improved a dynamic at play but it's worth bearing in mind, this is just

one portion of the economy and it counts for less than 20% of your

GDP, so we have had positive news, which is welcome, in an environment

where we used to getting negative headlines out of Europe, but I

still think Europe is on course for recession. It could be a little

less prolonged than the most pessimistic economists had

predicted, but I don't think it changes the overall economic

dynamic. Where are the bright spots in European industry? If you take

the latest figures at face value, it suggests there is strength

coming out of France and Italy. I would suggest that that is a one-

off aberration, and if you look at the bigger picture, where the big

strengths are coming from over the past few months, it is really about

Germany. In August, German output fell slightly but, if you look at

the last few months, Germany is the engine of recovery for the eurozone.

I think really it has got to come from Germany. The US Court of

Appeals has overturned a ban on sales of Samsung's Galaxy Nexus

phone. The ruling will be a blow to Apple who has been battling the

firm over patent infringement in courts for months. The Appeals

Court said the District Court in California, which had issued the

ban, had abused its discretion in entering an injunction. Earlier

this month, a sales ban on Samsung's Galaxy Tab 10.1 tablet

computer in the US was also lifted. Sprint Nextel, the number three

mobile phone operator in the US, has confirmed it's in talks with

Japanese phone company Softbank over a potential substantial

investment. It's been reported Softbank wants to enter the US

market by taking a controlling 70% stake in Sprint worth $12.8 billion.

The Renminbi has jumped to its highest level in nearly two decades

against the dollar catching many investors flat-footed. The Chinese

currency has almost hit the upper limit of its daily trading band

against the dollar on two consecutive days. A show of

strength which appears to be at odds with data pointing to a broad

slowdown in the country's economy. Over the past three months, the

renminbi has climbed about 2% against the dollar, frustrating

many investors who had been betting on the currency to depreciate as

China tries to support the country's beleaguered exporters.

That's the business news. We will have more later.

Jamie, thank you very much. You're watching BBC World News.

Still to come: From the big screen to the centre

stage of a London museum. We've a sneak preview of Hollywood's movie

memorabilia going on display for The two vice-presidential

candidates in the US presidential election, the Democratic incumbent,

Joe Biden, and Congressman Paul Ryan for the Republicans, have

squared off against each other in their only televised debate. They

attacked each other over the best way to deal with Iran's nuclear

programme, over the US economy, taxes, health cover and abortion.

Steve Kingstone reports from Washington.

We welcome a vice-president at Joe Biden and Congressman Paul Ryan.

The grizzled warrior and the young pretender. Squaring up for a

contest that would prove as entertaining as it was brutal. They

began with Libya and the attack on the US consulate that killed a

America's ambassador. It took the President two weeks to acknowledge

that this was a terrorist attack. What we were watching on the TV's

was the unravelling of the Barack Obama policy. That's not true. Not

a single thing he said was accurate. This was a competitive Joe Biden.

Looking to make amends for his boss's poor performance last week.

On Iran, he accused Republicans of loose talk. Calm down. Iran is more

isolated today than when we took office. It was on the ascendancy

when we took office. It is totally isolated. On the economy, he went

where Barack Obama did not by referring to the sea could be

filmed a video in which Mitt Romney has to be dismissed half the

electorate as victims but his opponent was ready. He is a good

man. He cares 100% about Americans in this country. With respect to

that quote, I think the vice- president very well knows the words

don't come out of your mouth of the right way. He took that on the chin

at a but little else. From Afghanistan to Syria, to taxes,

neither man was giving ground. need to preserve these preferences

for middle class tax payers. It's not mathematically possible. It is.

It's never been done before. It has been done a couple of times. Ronald

Reagan. There was an undercurrent of mutual respect, though. And when

it ended, their families joined them on stage. A brief should

moment as they wait for the polls, wondering whether this man did

enough to restore Barack Obama's You are watching BBC World news.

Some breaking news. The biggest inquiry into police actions is to

be launched after a robust report into the Hillsborough football

disaster. The police watchdog at, the IPCC, said the large number of

serving and former officers will be investigated now about what

happened on the day of the tragedy, 1989. And a cover-up which followed

it. The Director of Public Prosecutions said he will look at

any individual or corporate body should be charged over the disaster

which left 96 people dead. That breaking news just coming to us now.

More on the website, of course. Here in Britain, the Royal Military

Police have arrested seven Royal Marines on suspicion of murder,

relating to an incident in Afghanistan in 2011. This is

believed to be the first time that members of the British Armed forces

have been arrested in the UK on suspicion of murder in relation to

operations in Afghanistan. The BBC's Caroline Wyatt reports.

3 Commando Brigade had been deployed four times on operations

in Afghanistan. These arrests relate to incident last year when

they were based in Helmand province when they carried out 41,000

patrols. 22 servicemen lost their lives on that tour of duty which

encompassed the height of the fighting season. The MoD says the

incident in question followed an engagement with an insurgent and

that there were no civilians involved. British forces serving in

Helmand province do so under strict rules of engagement. Troops should

only open fire in direct contact with the enemy or to prevent an

imminent attack and they can be prosecuted if they get it wrong.

The MoD says the arrests don't stop degeneration the department and the

armed forces have to insure UK personnel act in accordance with

those rules engagement. The investigation is being dealt with

by the service justice system and they will also be having an

internal all -- review to learn lessons.

Remember Audrey Hepburn's little black dress in Breakfast At

Tiffany's? Or those ruby slippers featured in the Wizard of Oz? If

you do, you will like this. From crown to clown, hero to

villain, this costume drama spans the century of cinema history. This

is the oldest costume in the collection, made, of course, for

Charlie Chaplin. Isn't it strange seeing it in colour? They have got

Tudor Queens, dancing queens, off- duty Queens. It has taken five

years to get the costumes together from studios, actors and private

collections all over the world. was the first to design on Indiana

Jones. I designed on Raiders Of the Lost Ark but I did not expect it to

become something in a museum. What is represented his costume designer

archaeology. Tom Hanks wore this in Saving Private Ryan. But first the

costume had to go through a process known as breaking down.

combination of paint and chemicals. You have got to tell people what

happened. Had they been through a mudbath? Crawling along the ground?

So you break the cloth where things could have happened. And paint in

the wear and tear. Often worn by people exposed to injury, you have

got blood. Among the costumes, the dress worn by Keira Knightly in

Anna Karenina designed by Jacqueline du Rond. What is great

is that she required input from actors and designs it from a

character-based thing. So they completely make sense for the

person you are playing. A lot of designers go, "This is the design"

and you get very little discussion. But she says, "How does this work

and let's try to build something." And a good costume, they say here,

can define the character and create a screen legend. Sometimes, though,

less is more. Jason designed Ali G and Borat. When we started working

with the character, I wanted it to be like Charlie Chaplin. Not a

comedy act that was going to ring alarm bells. So the suit is

basically off the rack. I didn't have it made. It felt right, as

soon as I saw it. We have watched as he drove a taxi and she drove a

hard bargain. The exhibition opens next Saturday. A chance to look

even further into the wardrobe of the stars.

Our top story. The European Union has been awarded the Nobel Peace

Prize by the award committee in Oslo. In the last hour, Jose Manuel