27/09/2013 BBC World News

Hello. Welcome to BBC World News. Our main headlines... UN scientists

say they are 95% certain that humans are the main cause of global

warming. Climate change challenges the two primary resources of humans

and ecosystems - land and water. In short, it threatens our planet, our

only home. Chemical weapons experts could begin inspecting Serie A's

stock pile by Tuesday. -- Serie A's. -- Syria's. And Lionel Messi

goes before a judge in Spain, facing accusations of tax evasion.

The heat is on, and we must act. That is how the UN

Secretary-General, Ban Ki-Moon, described a new report on climate

change, which has just been published in Stockholm. The IPCC

report says it is now 95% certain that mankind is to blame for global

warming. That is its most definitive statements so far. Scientists say

temperatures could rise by anything up to four Celsius this century, way

temperatures could rise by anything above the two degrees limit set by

the IPCC six years ago. One scientist explained. With the

warming of the atmosphere, all ingredients of the climate are

changing. In particular, the ocean is taking up most of the energy. The

scientists have concluded that indeed, over 93% of the additional

energy is stored in the ocean. That does not mean that the ocean saves

us from global warming. It means that there would be much more

us from global warming. It means powerful warming, did we not have

the ocean. The BBC's Rebecca Morelle is in Stockholm, and she has been

speaking to the coordinating lead author of the report. She asked him

how much hard work has gone into the report. It has been very intense. We

have had a really detailed analysis of the evidence that we have

presented, and we have put forward that evidence to the government

delegates. It has been very thoroughly reviewed. The last two

nights we have not had a lot of sleep, but we have come out with

very strong evidence that human influence has been the dominant

cause of the warming we have observed since the middle of the

20th-century. You say it is 95% certain - how can you be so sure

that humans are having this influence? We have assessed the

evidence. We have assessed the scientific literature, which has

looked at the warming of the atmosphere and of the ocean, the

global rainfall patterns, the snow and ice retreating, sea levels

rising, extremes have changed. But all of that together, and we have

seen the fingerprint of human influence in all of those areas.

This is new, really strong evidence which for the first time gives us

this level of confidence about these findings of the dominant role of

human influence on planet changes. Since 1998, however, the rise in

temperatures has been stalling, and critics say you have got things

completely wrong, so how do you explain this? We have thoroughly

assessed this, more than ever before, and we have shown that a

combination of the effects of what is happening in the ocean, with the

fact that there has been a small effect of solar output changes, and

what we have seen clearly is that the dominant factor of the lumber

town warming. -- the longer term warming. But the long-term picture

is very, very clear, of a warming planet, which is dominated by the

greenhouse gases which we put into the atmosphere. But 15 years is a

long time, half of a 30 year climate cycle, much longer than we expected

for this to happen? It is still within the expectations, especially

when we put together this new understanding around these aspects

of understanding the ocean. But over those last 15 years, the huge amount

of heat has gone into the ocean, the snow and ice has retreated, the

Arctic CIC has retreated to record levels, rainfall patterns have

changed and sea levels continue to rise, and much of that evidence is

over the last 15 years, adding to the longer term evidence. -- the

Arctic sea ice. Other news - at least 15 people have been killed on

an explosion on a government bus in Peshawar in north-west Pakistan.

Initial reports say a bomb was planted at the back of a bus

carrying government employees. No group has admitted carrying out the

attack. There are calls for more anti-government protests in Sudan

over the Government's decision to cut fuel subsidies. Troops have been

deployed to protect petrol stations and government buildings in the

capital, Khartoum, and other cities. Local human rights groups say around

100 people have been killed. Ellie gets from cycling's world governing

body are voting on who will run the sport for the next four years. --

delegates. Pat McQuaid of Ireland is seeking a third term as president.

But there is dissatisfaction over his handling of the Lance Armstrong

doping scandal. His challenger is the current British cycling

president Brian Cookson. Diplomats are upbeat about prospects for real

progress on limiting Iran's nuclear programme. Iran's president says he

wants a deal within months, not years. On Thursday, the US and Iran

held their highest level official talks for three decades. More

negotiations will follow in Geneva in October. Jeremy Bowen reports

from New York, and his report contains some flash photography.

Iran has a new president, Hassan Rouhani, and rather than provoking

walk-outs like his predecessor, he has come to the UN to try to change

sceptical minds about Iran. He has been meeting the UN

Secretary-General, calling for a deal on Iran's nuclear programme

within six months, insisting that Iran wants to generate electricity,

not make a bomb. President Rouhani also returned to the UN General

Assembly to call for a nuclear free Middle East, which would mean Israel

giving up its nuclear weapons. He said Israel should join the

nonproliferation Treaty, which is aimed at stopping the spread of

nuclear weapons. Later, at a meeting at a hotel in New York, President

Rouhani said he wanted relations with the West to be based on

moderation, peace and wisdom. He said the talks he had had here

convinced him that the atmosphere had changed. TRANSLATION: We are

fully prepared to seriously engage in the process towards a negotiated

and mutually agreeable settlement. We do so in good faith and with a

businesslike mind. We hope our counterpunched also benefit from

this window of opportunity. Back home in Teheran, the economy has

been hit badly by international sanctions. A deal would relieve that

pressure. Mr Rowhani and his New York trip had top billing on this

broadcast on Iranians TV, but he is not at the top of the pecking order

in Teheran. Now, in New York, he says he has full authority from

Iran's supreme leader to make a deal. A meeting of Iran and the five

permanent Security Council members, plus Germany, started the hard work

which will be necessary to get a deal. Afterwards, both sides said it

went well. We hope to be able to make progress towards resolving this

issue in a timely fashion, based on respecting the rights of the

Iranians people to nuclear technology for peaceful purposes,

including enrichment, and at the same time, making sure that there is

no concern at the international level that evangelion nuclear

programme is anything but peaceful. That was echoed by the American

Secretary of State. -- that Iran's nuclear programme. We had a

constructive meeting, and I think all of us were pleased that the

constructive meeting, and I think Foreign Minister came and made a

presentation to us which was very different in tone and in the vision

that he held out with respect to the possibilities for the future. Hassan

Rouhani has spent most of his career as an insider, close to the top of

the Islamic Republic of Iran. If he can deliver what has he -- what he

has been saying in New York, and if the world's big powers can

has been saying in New York, and if reciprocate, then there is a big

chance that progress can be made in the slow burning but highly

dangerous stand-off about Iran's new clear plans. There has been so much

international attention, the aim is to get long-term recognition for

Iran's belief that it is a regional power with its own, legitimate

security interests. The president has managed to create a change for

the better in the atmospherics, and is considering that the outlook in

the Middle East is still so dismal and dangerous, that has to be a good

start. So, UN progress on Iran. Also, UN progress on Syria, because

chemical weapons inspectors could begin inspecting Syria's stockpile

as early as next week. A UN Security Council could follow. We can now go

to the BBC's Kevin Connolly, in Beirut. What is emerging from

Damascus about the plans and aims of the UN inspectors inside Syria?

Well, if things go according to plan, and they're asked to some

bureaucratic hurdles to jump through, it would be a pretty

extraordinary week in Syria next week. -- there are still some

bureaucratic hurdles. We have already got inspectors collecting

evidence on the ground right now. They will now be joined by

inspectors from the organisation which has been set up to get rid of

chemical weapons, and they will be looking at verifying Syria's

stockpiles, as part of the overall, internationally brokered plan for

destruction. It will be a hectic internationally brokered plan for

diplomatic week, if all of that works. We have to bear in mind the

difficulty of these inspectors working in the middle of a civil

war. But if it goes according to plan, it is possible that we

war. But if it goes according to progress will be made next week.

What is remarkable is the speed at which Syria made a declaration on

chemical weapons. Just a few weeks ago it was claiming it did not even

have any. So, this is all about verification and not being

hoodwinked - what other signs about whether Syria will be 100% about

this? -- what are the signs. The honest truth is that we simply have

no idea, from the outside, about Syria's intentions. It may be that

the regime has been backed into a corner on the issue of chemical

weapons and now sees no option but corner on the issue of chemical

to cooperate with the international process or face the threat at some

point of American military intervention. But I suppose

everything hinges on, in part, the truthfulness of the regime, and in

part, the skills of the weapons inspectors. They know what's Syria

has declared itself to have. Next week we will see the start of the

process of measuring and verification. Only once that process

process of measuring and is complete do you get to the real

difficulty, of course, and it is easy to forget, this is the easy

bit. The difficult bit comes later, when you have to start the process

of destroying those chemical weapons, to a very, very strict

timetable, which would be without precedent anywhere in the world. And

quickly, it is the enormity of the stockpile, in multiple locations

Tasha will the teams have enough inspectors to be able to fan out and

check that they are not being hoodwinked, as we know happened in

Iraq many years ago? Well, this is not an enormous agency, they are

appealing for funds and experts, the need to recruit from the outside to

make sure they have got the personnel on the ground. But the

bottom line is that this is an enormous job, as you say.

You are with BBC World News. Still to come - the latest from Spain on

allegations that Barcelona and Argentina football star Lionel

Massey invaded millions of euros owed in tax. -- Lionel Messi. Now,

think of a place that makes you feel calm and relaxed. Is it somewhere on

a beach? Can you hear the sound of waves lapping? You research in

Britain suggest that blue spaces, water and open skies, really do have

a calming effect. Anna Lacey went to the British seaside to investigate.

Over half of the world population live and work in cities, and it can

be a dirty and stressful business. But could this be the answer to

making us happier and healthier? We know that city living can really

influence mental health and well-being, and undermine it, but

also physical health through the release of stress hormones. What we

are interested in doing is reconnecting people with their

natural environment to try and reduce that stress, but also

increase physical activity. Ultimately, both of those can

improve the nation's health. Data collected in the UK showed that

people who live by the sea are more likely to describe themselves as

being in good health. But no one is exactly sure why. It could be that

healthy people are just more likely to come and live here. But a new

study at the University of Exeter is trying to find out if there really

is something about this environment that makes people 's mood a lot more

positive. Volunteers have their blood pressure, heart rate and

general mood measured by one of the team. They are then asked to start

cycling. A past study has shown that people in a depressed mood don't

like to cycle the very month -- long, while another that showed

being in a blue, watery environment long, while another that showed

helped people feel a lot happier. The experiment is still underway,

but if water environments do turn out to improve our physical and

mental well-being, the question is, why? Is it the pictures of the sea,

the waves moving, or is it the sounds, the crashing waves and

seagulls? Or is it a combination of those things together? That team now

want to find out if the relaxing influence of the sea is specific to

certain cultures or a universal human phenomena, with the hope of

helping people to one day live healthier and happier lives.

And now you know why here in the BBC studio for BBC World News we always

have a blue sky over London to make sure we stay calm on air. You are

with BBC World News. The latest headlines. UN scientists meeting in

Stockholm say they are more convinced than ever that global

warming is man-made. In a new report, the intergovernmental panel

on climate change says it is 95% certain that humans are the dominant

cause of global warming. More than 50 people are feared trapped after a

five story residential building collapsed in the Indian city of

Mumbai. -- five story building. The latest from Mumbai is that at least

six people have been killed. The building is in south-east Mumbai in

six people have been killed. The the dockside area and was used as

family housing. Reports suggest that rescue workers have pulled out 25

survivors from the rubble. Let's go to our correspondence --

corresponding -- corresponding. Behind me you can see lorries and we

corresponding -- corresponding. have seen Donlan is going in and out

since we have been here. They are removing bodies. -- dozens going in

and out. Ambulances are doing the rounds because people are still

being pulled out of there. The minister who came by a short while

ago said that by the time of the response around 45 people were

trapped. He said 22 of the 28 flats that were in the building were

occupied, and not all of those people have been accounted for yet.

As you said, some have been confirmed dead and others have been

moved to to nearby hospitals. Around me we are seeing a lot of people

whose family members might still be in there, and we have seen people

outside crying as well. Thank you for the update, live from Mumbai. We

can now bring you new video which has been released showing the

devastation caused to the Westgate more -- Westgate more than shopping

centre caused by militants. The floors collapsed into the car park

centre caused by militants. The which is under the shopping more

itself. There is one of the main entrances, and that elephant has

been cordoned off. Some of the shops inside the building there. All of

this as it was left at the end of the siege. Plenty of shopping

baskets, a lot of stock still there. No visible signs of the smoke, but

this is presumably the area which is safe enough for whoever is taking

the images to at least stand there. There is an indication of the kind

of pleasant atmosphere that there would have been on a Saturday

lunchtime as people enjoyed their weekend. And here an indication of

the continuing security detail that is around the Westgate shopping

centre. 17 people have been killed in an explosion on a government bus

in Peshawar in north-west Pakistan. The remote-controlled bomb exploded

on a packed bus near the city of The remote-controlled bomb exploded

Peshawar. Dozens of government staff were injured and at least two women

are thought to be amongst those who died. No group has admitted carrying

are thought to be amongst those who out the attack. Also in Pakistan,

three days after the devastating earthquake on Tuesday hit south-west

Pakistan, officials are urging separatist groups to allow emergency

teams into the worst hit areas. Rescue workers have come under fire

as they tried to get inside. Two rockets were fired at a government

helicopter, and now 350 people have been known to have died. Many

thousands more have been made homeless after their mud built

houses collapsed. Our reporter is in the eventual capital. There are

truckloads of medical help being sent here -- provincial capital. It

is about a ten hour journey. We have been here since yesterday, hoping to

get to the affected area in an Army helicopter. As you said, yesterday,

get to the affected area in an Army on Thursday, there was an attack. A

rocket attack on an army helicopter carrying a senior general. The

helicopter was saved, there was no damage, and later the troops were

fired upon in the earthquake affected area. It is lawless,

rewrote -- remote and difficult to get to. Pakistani troops are

deployed across the province because they are fighting separatist

insurgents. The insurgency has been going on for awhile. There are

allegations of abuses troops, and there are parts here where they are

deeply resented. But the problem is that when a disaster like this

strikes, they are the ones who have the capacity and resources to be the

first responders. So it is a tricky situation. Charity groups are trying

to get there as well to do their part, but because of the remote

nature of the area and the lawlessness quite a few are holding

back at the moment. He is adored by millions and has been voted world

football player of the year four times, but now the Barcelona star

Lionel Messi is facing scrutiny away from the pitch. He is facing

allegations of multi-million dollar tax evasion with his father. Both

deny any wrongdoing. Live to the BBC correspondence in Madrid. What has

been going on today? Both men, Lionel Messi and his father will be

questioned by magistrates. It's important to say they have not been

charged, they are being investigated and they deny the charges. --

allegations. Messi was cheered as he went into the court, and he and his

father will be questioned about allegations that they failed to pay

4.2 million euros of tax to the Spanish state in 2007 up to 2009,

money made on lucrative sponsorship deals with multinational companies

which allegedly they did not pay enough taxon. An official

investigation was launched back in enough taxon. An official

June, and back then Messi sent a Facebook message saying he was

innocent, but his father did make a payment of 5 million euros to the

Spanish state, equivalent to the payment of 5 million euros to the

unpaid tax plus interest. So what is the issue then precisely? The

Spanish tax authorities are continuing with the investigation

for now. It will be interesting to see armour because this is a closed

court session, so what happens in these judicial investigations is

that the magistrate was a closed court session, so what happens in

these judicial investigations is that the magistrate will question

those accused Messi and his father. Journalists are not allowed inside.

What always happens in Spain is that the details of the case will drip

out through the Spanish media. Other parties linked to the case inside

the courtroom will probably leak information to the media, so we

should get a sense over the next few hours of what has been going on in

court and what direction the case is going in. Given that the family has

paid the state, are the Spanish state willing to drop the Spanish

investigation, or is there a wider point of principle to keep

investigating? Both men deny the charges, but there is a sense, I

think, that given the economic crisis and the state of Spain's

public finances and it is trying to balance its books, the tax

authorities are putting out a message to a certain extent that

they want everybody to pay their fair share of tax, including

multimillionaire footballers. Thanks for joining me. Let me give you the

main news about the hundreds of scientists coming together under the

intergovernmental panel for climate change, making it clear that they

are more certain than ever before that we are to blame, we humans, for

global warming. The UN climate panel report explained that on the ground,

global warming. The UN climate panel in the air, in the oceans, global

warming is to use their words, unequivocal, and that is what the

scientists went on to say. It was a choice, because we have the power to

make a difference on climate change. The path of the scenario is

dependent on the emissions of greenhouse gases every year,

therefore humankind has a choice on which scenario we will fare in the

coming hundred years or so. So it depends crucially on how much carbon

dioxide will be emitted in the future, and I have pointed out that

a good approximation of the warming that is ahead of us is produced by

the total amount of carbon that we have since preindustrial times.

Finally, the golf club in Switzerland where you should not

spend too long perfecting your swing. People in the mountain resort

of Bernier say the Fox is stealing swing. People in the mountain resort

hundreds of golf balls, then hiding them in shrubbery. He waits until

some replays the shop before jumping out, taking the ball and running off

with it. But it's not clear if this box is behaving like a dog, chasing

the ball, or alternatively he may have mistaken.