04/02/2014 BBC World News


04/02/2014

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it wants further clarification. -- Taleban.

:00:22.:00:27.

A trial begins in France of Rwanda's former intelligence chief.

:00:28.:00:30.

Anti-government demonstrators in Ukraine remain on the barricades as

:00:31.:00:36.

parliament convenes for a new term. And very intimidating, but become

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far from perfect. A world-record beating server under that enormous

:00:44.:00:45.

wave. -- surfer. Hello, it should have been an

:00:46.:01:06.

historic moment for Pakistan, the day when talks began between the

:01:07.:01:10.

government and the Taleban finally getting under way after nearly a

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decade of conflict, but now the talks are on hold and there is no

:01:14.:01:16.

clear indication of when they might begin. They were due to start two

:01:17.:01:21.

hours ago, but the Pakistan delegation failed to show up. As

:01:22.:01:25.

soon as talks were suspended, Aleem Maqbool went to the building where

:01:26.:01:28.

the talks were due to happen. He told me what he found. The Taleban

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negotiators were sitting waiting for the government negotiators to

:01:34.:01:37.

arrive, and they never arrived. There was a chaotic press

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conference, the Taleban negotiators very angry that they got a phone

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call to say that the government negotiators were not coming, and

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they said there was very little reason given, and that they were not

:01:48.:01:58.

sure about the negotiating team. But the message we were getting from the

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Taleban negotiators is that it could be very dangerous indeed, and one of

:02:03.:02:06.

them said anything can happen now because the government did not turn

:02:07.:02:13.

up. Is this something like a disconnect in the choreography, a

:02:14.:02:17.

misunderstanding, or something more sinister at work here? It was the

:02:18.:02:25.

government that instigated these talks, the governments that as the

:02:26.:02:30.

Taleban to turn up for these talks. For them to pull out is something

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that the negotiators were very upset about. They say they expected talks

:02:38.:02:41.

to go ahead. Based think it is a delaying tactic on the point of view

:02:42.:02:46.

of the government, but they were quite threatening in the way they

:02:47.:02:49.

put it. They said, if there is a military operation now, we will know

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that all of this was a delaying tactic and the government was never

:02:55.:02:58.

serious. Whereas if talks had gone ahead, it was part of the way that

:02:59.:03:04.

Nawaz Sharif soldered to the Pakistani people, at least we can

:03:05.:03:09.

try talks, and if they fail, we can carry out a military operation with

:03:10.:03:13.

a clear conscience. -- sold it. They have shaken things up a little bit,

:03:14.:03:18.

we have to see now what they officially say, not just the

:03:19.:03:22.

negotiators, but some of those negotiators were indicating that it

:03:23.:03:27.

could be a dangerous time now, and that is something that Pakistanis

:03:28.:03:32.

are tired of. They are sick of the attacks and the bloodshed that there

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has been. Among some of them at least, there was some hope that

:03:37.:03:39.

while negotiations were going on, there might be some respite. Aleem

:03:40.:03:45.

Maqbool in Islamabad. It is almost 20 years and is a brutal conflict

:03:46.:03:50.

erupted in Rwanda. In the space of 100 days, it is estimated around

:03:51.:03:54.

800,000 people died, most of them Tutsis. The former intelligence

:03:55.:04:01.

chief in Rwanda, Pascal Simbikangwa, is accused of

:04:02.:04:04.

complicity in genocide and war crimes. I spoke to our Rwanda

:04:05.:04:09.

correspondent about the significance of the trial. Well, in fact, I am

:04:10.:04:16.

not meant to read that. I am going to go to Paul Adams, who joins me

:04:17.:04:22.

now with the background to what is happening in France, particularly

:04:23.:04:25.

the genocide trial in France which has an historic connection. This is

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the first time the French have conducted a trial related to the

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events in row under 20 years ago. France is a country that was accused

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for a long time failing to prevent the genocide in the first place. --

:04:37.:04:41.

in Rwanda. It was accused of preventing the extradition of

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suspect in that genocide. So angered was the Rwandan government that it

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severed relations in 2006 over the issue, restoring them a years later.

:04:50.:04:58.

Mr Simbikangwa was found on a French Indian Ocean island, and so that

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whole French connection was very important. I think all eyes are on

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friends as it is, for the first time goes ahead with one of these very

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high cases. Do we know the level of evidence which has been assembled?

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That remains a serious issue at the international war crimes tribunal in

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The Hague, getting the evidence necessary. The initial charges have

:05:22.:05:28.

been downgraded, he faces charges of complicity in the genocide. For

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example, some of the people who remember his role, his fearsome role

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at the time, are very disappointed, and one connection that they accused

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him of with a massacre in April of 1994, in which he is alleged to have

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been present. He is not being prosecuted for that, simply

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because, 20 years later, there's too much contradictory evidence about

:05:54.:05:57.

his involvement. What he's being accused of and faces charges of is

:05:58.:06:03.

having organised, incited and supplied the militia men who manned

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checkpoints looking out for Tutsis who were taken from their vehicles

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and summarily executed. Pascal Simbikangwa is the man who is

:06:16.:06:19.

believed, more than anybody else, to have organised that whole

:06:20.:06:22.

operation. Thank you very much indeed, Paul Adams.

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Other news, and shares in Europe have opened lower as markets

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continue to react to weaker than expected data from the US and

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Chinese manufacturers. Earlier, Asian markets recorded sharp falls

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with the Japanese index closing down more than 4%. The Dow Jones in New

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York for more than 2% yesterday, its worst day in more than seven months.

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The World Health Organisation is warning of a looming tidal wave of

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cancer with the number of cases worldwide expected to go up 75% in

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just 20 years. It says half of them could be prevented through

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vaccinations and healthier lifestyles. Many of the new cases

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will be in the developing world, where rates of smoking and obesity

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are rising fast. China has cancelled a contract to

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buy rice from Thailand because of an inquiry into a controversial scheme

:07:14.:07:16.

run by the authorities in Bangkok. The deal would have been the first

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stage of a much bigger sale of more than 7 million tonnes. The Thai

:07:21.:07:24.

government is paying generous subsidies to farmers, critics say

:07:25.:07:28.

the scheme is costly and vulnerable to corruption.

:07:29.:07:34.

A new session of parliament in Ukraine has opened in Kiev against

:07:35.:07:38.

the backdrop of continuing protests. MPs had planned to debate limiting

:07:39.:07:42.

President Yanukovych's power and freeing all those who had been

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detained since the protests began, but the session was adjourned until

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this afternoon, not long after it started. I asked our Ukraine

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correspondent, David Stern, is there a noticeable shift in the mood among

:07:55.:07:58.

the politicians reflecting public concerns? Well, as you say, I am

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standing above Independence Square right now, the stand-off continues,

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and the battle has shifted. Parliament, though, a very stormy

:08:10.:08:12.

session, and there doesn't seem to be any meeting of the mines between

:08:13.:08:16.

the opposition and the pro-government deputies. -- meeting

:08:17.:08:24.

of the minds. There were some very fiery beaches, but the leader of the

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Parliamentary faction for the... -- fiery speeches. There was no sign of

:08:30.:08:34.

compromise at all, and the deputies from the opposition, who were very

:08:35.:08:38.

critical of the government and called on these constitutional

:08:39.:08:40.

changes, which they hoped would be a way out of the crisis. What about

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the president himself, back from illness and high temperatures? Do

:08:46.:08:50.

you get a sense that his iron grip remains significantly on the ruling

:08:51.:08:56.

party? Well, it seems to be on the ruling party. Of course, within the

:08:57.:09:00.

country as a whole, that is a different question. We have these

:09:01.:09:03.

demonstrations that have been going on for over two months now,

:09:04.:09:07.

occupying the central square in Kiev and also government buildings. He is

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striking a defined position as well, issuing a statement last night,

:09:16.:09:20.

calling the protesters extremists, criticising vandalism of government

:09:21.:09:23.

buildings. So at least at the moment, rhetorically speaking, he

:09:24.:09:26.

doesn't seem to be giving any ground. What about the foreign

:09:27.:09:31.

policy coordinator for the European Union, Catherine Ashton? This

:09:32.:09:35.

started after the summit when the association was not signed up to. Is

:09:36.:09:40.

there a willingness to see her? Well, Catherine Ashton is coming to

:09:41.:09:44.

Kiev later today, she will be holding talks with top officials, as

:09:45.:09:48.

she has previously. She was here last week as well. The European

:09:49.:09:53.

Union is trying to, first of all, he views this crisis or find a

:09:54.:09:56.

resolution to it, and at the same time with the possibility of

:09:57.:10:03.

bringing Ukraine back to the table over this association agreement.

:10:04.:10:06.

Viktor Yanukovych cancelled the signing of the agreement in

:10:07.:10:09.

November, sparking these demonstrations, but they have become

:10:10.:10:14.

much more than just about the European Union and drawing closer.

:10:15.:10:18.

They are now all about seeing Mr Yanukovych out. The protesters say

:10:19.:10:21.

they are not going to leave the square until Mr Yanukovych resigns,

:10:22.:10:25.

and they want that to happen immediately.

:10:26.:10:29.

It is more than ten years since George W Bush declared mission

:10:30.:10:32.

accomplished in Iraq, but the number of people being killed there has

:10:33.:10:37.

been steadily rising because of growing tensions between Sunni and

:10:38.:10:40.

Shia Muslims. Last year was the most violent year since 2008 according to

:10:41.:10:45.

the United Nations. Some of the fiercest clashes have been in Anbar

:10:46.:10:49.

province, which has a Sunni majority. Our correspondent reports

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from Baghdad. This remote checkpoint is the only

:10:56.:11:01.

way to cross from Anbar province. It is heavily guarded by the Iraqi

:11:02.:11:07.

army. Most Sunnis escaping the violence are ordered to cross on

:11:08.:11:12.

foot and searched. This woman is heavily pregnant.

:11:13.:11:21.

She needs to get to hospital, to a safe place to have her baby. She has

:11:22.:11:26.

come from Fallujah, a town under militant control. They are allowed

:11:27.:11:31.

to drive through. This checkpoint is where the

:11:32.:11:34.

internal refugees Ahmed and processed. Today it has become the

:11:35.:11:41.

only lifeline for the Sunnis in Anbar province fleeing and seeking

:11:42.:11:48.

refuge towards this area. New arrivals gather here at the local

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library in the small town to register and receive aid. Some still

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have relatives in Anbar who would be in danger if it was known that their

:12:00.:12:04.

families were being sheltered here. This woman could speak to us because

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she was bailed. TRANSLATION: It is difficult to stay in peoples homes,

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we do not have money, so we cannot share the financial burden. We

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barely fled with our lives. 180 Sunni families have arrived here

:12:21.:12:26.

already. Local officials say there is no difference between Sunni or

:12:27.:12:30.

Shia here. Their main aim is to protect these people from militant

:12:31.:12:36.

groups. TRANSLATION: We put a great deal of

:12:37.:12:40.

evidence on security and intelligence. -- we want to stop

:12:41.:12:47.

people from trying to harm them. The authority say these families can

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stay as long as they need, but without national or international

:12:52.:12:54.

help, their hosts could struggle in the months are.

:12:55.:13:02.

-- ahead. Breaking news before the opening of

:13:03.:13:08.

the Winter Olympics in Sochi, Austria's Olympic Committee has

:13:09.:13:10.

reportedly received a letter threatening to kidnap two of its

:13:11.:13:13.

athletes. The build up to the games has been full of threats, and this

:13:14.:13:17.

letter follows those received by several other countries, including

:13:18.:13:22.

the United States, a terrorist threat before the games. Olympic

:13:23.:13:26.

chiefs say they posed no danger. They have so far not commented on

:13:27.:13:31.

this latest warning letter from Austria. You with BBC World News,

:13:32.:13:36.

still come: No more kimchi for you and me, the traditional Korean dish

:13:37.:13:45.

under threat in the modern world. A priest in the Central African

:13:46.:13:48.

Republic says at least 75 Christians have been killed in the last week in

:13:49.:13:52.

a town in the south of the country. Thousands of people have been killed

:13:53.:13:55.

in sectarian violence which erupted after a coup last year.

:13:56.:14:04.

French troops tried to restore order in an area of the capital. This is a

:14:05.:14:13.

mainly Muslim neighbourhood. People here are afraid after their homes

:14:14.:14:18.

were looted and burned down. When peacekeepers arrived, they and other

:14:19.:14:21.

residents found themselves caught in the middle of another battle between

:14:22.:14:28.

Christian and Muslim militias. TRANSLATION: It is terrible, we are

:14:29.:14:33.

suffering, and there is no peace. We are losing houses and people, we

:14:34.:14:37.

need to bring back peace. In the south of the country, a

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Christian priest says that in the past week alone at least 75 people

:14:44.:14:47.

have been killed in sectarian violence.

:14:48.:14:53.

It has prompted another appeal from the new interim president, see here

:14:54.:15:01.

visiting people who have been displaced by months of unrest. She

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is tasked with steering the country towards elections, but her immediate

:15:07.:15:12.

goal is to stop revenge attacks. TRANSLATION: I am your mother and

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you are my children, whether you do good or bad. I will not reject you

:15:17.:15:20.

but embrace and advise you, please do not allow bad people to divide

:15:21.:15:26.

you. For the time being, the country is divided.

:15:27.:15:35.

French and African troops are struggling to restore order. It has

:15:36.:15:41.

prompted the United Nations to ask for a larger peacekeeping force to

:15:42.:15:45.

stop the country heading towards a humanitarian disaster.

:15:46.:15:51.

This is BBC World News. The latest headlines.

:15:52.:15:59.

Long-awaited talks between the Pakistani government and the Taliban

:16:00.:16:01.

have been suspended, before they even started.

:16:02.:16:08.

Accused of complicity in genocide, the trial begins in France of

:16:09.:16:10.

Rwanda's former intelligence chief, Pascal Simbikangwa.

:16:11.:16:14.

He denies the charges against him. We're used to being told to turn off

:16:15.:16:21.

our laptops, mobiles and other gadgets on aircraft. But, now, there

:16:22.:16:24.

are new safety concerns, even when these devices are apparently safely

:16:25.:16:27.

switched off. Many of them use lithium batteries. And, if they

:16:28.:16:30.

develop a fault, they can catch fire or even explode. Our transport

:16:31.:16:33.

correspondent Richard Westcott reports.

:16:34.:16:41.

They might be small but, if they go wrong, they pack a hell of a punch.

:16:42.:16:56.

The average airliner will have hundreds of lithium batteries

:16:57.:17:05.

on-board. In our phones, laptops, cameras, tablets. It is rare for

:17:06.:17:11.

them to end up like this. We forced these to fail by heating them up.

:17:12.:17:16.

But Britain's air safety watchdog has told the BBC it is especially

:17:17.:17:19.

concerned about people flying with untested counterfeit batteries

:17:20.:17:21.

bought online. Any fire on an aircraft is a very

:17:22.:17:30.

serious incident. Yes, a fire can result in the loss of an aircraft

:17:31.:17:34.

which is why it is important the stringent international safety

:17:35.:17:36.

standards are adhered to. You saw how dramatic that was. A normal

:17:37.:17:42.

laptop battery. It has completely disintegrated. Imagine that exploded

:17:43.:17:48.

on an aircraft. That trees have already gone long. In April 2012. A

:17:49.:17:57.

flight attendant on a US aircraft described a shooting fire in the

:17:58.:18:00.

aisle from a passenger's burning battery. They managed to put it out

:18:01.:18:04.

using wet towels from the drinks cart. The following September,

:18:05.:18:08.

another flight attendant and two passengers were burnt, dealing with

:18:09.:18:10.

an overheating phone and spare battery. There have been other

:18:11.:18:13.

similar incidents is around the world. The standard response to

:18:14.:18:19.

dealing with a device fire is as follows.

:18:20.:18:24.

This training video is one of several about to go online, to help

:18:25.:18:27.

airlines, airport workers and passengers understand. One testing

:18:28.:18:32.

expert is keen to dampen fears. Most batteries go through an

:18:33.:18:41.

extensive quality control process. Battery manufacturers, although they

:18:42.:18:44.

are putting work into increasing capacity batteries, they will also

:18:45.:18:47.

continue doing work on improving safety mechanisms built into them.

:18:48.:18:54.

If you are flying with lithium batteries, the regulators advise to

:18:55.:18:56.

tape up any exposed metal connectors, or put it in a plastic

:18:57.:19:00.

bag. Always carry them in your hand luggage. 2013 was the safest year in

:19:01.:19:05.

aviation history. But the threat from fire remains as great as ever.

:19:06.:19:17.

South Korea is keen to export it food overseas. There is one dish in

:19:18.:19:23.

particular seem as quintessentially Korean, a spicy fermented vegetable

:19:24.:19:30.

dish of kimchi. It is credited with curing everything from the common

:19:31.:19:34.

cold to cancer. Now it is under threat.

:19:35.:19:40.

When a national treasure is at stake, South Korea tend to pull out

:19:41.:19:48.

all the stops. The message of this government sponsored event is that

:19:49.:19:53.

the national dish of kimchi, once eaten by royalty, is under attack

:19:54.:19:57.

from the more modern forces of globalisation.

:19:58.:20:02.

TRANSLATION: The kimchi industry in the country is going through an

:20:03.:20:08.

ordeal with a harsh winter weather. People's diets are consuming less

:20:09.:20:13.

kimchi. Because of the increase in imported kimchi there are big

:20:14.:20:15.

difficulties for the local producers.

:20:16.:20:21.

The humble fermented cabbage dish has a treasured place in culinary

:20:22.:20:29.

history. A bumper crop in cabbage even made the news during the war.

:20:30.:20:37.

The government is trying hard to market the national dish to a global

:20:38.:20:48.

audience. A task for the kimchi grandmaster. Foreigners, she says,

:20:49.:20:54.

like kimchi less salty and aromatic than domestic consumers. Wherever it

:20:55.:20:58.

is eaten, she believes we'll kimchi can only be made in Korea.

:20:59.:21:05.

TRANSLATION: The ingredients are really important, not to mention the

:21:06.:21:12.

water, temperature, humidity. It is this country where those elements

:21:13.:21:17.

exist so the kimchi made in Korea is made from healthy bacteria. In

:21:18.:21:21.

China, the ingredients are different and the environment is different.

:21:22.:21:25.

You don't get the same properties. Our kimchi is very different.

:21:26.:21:37.

Consumers here seem to agree. Last year South Korea imported 220,000

:21:38.:21:42.

tonnes of kimchi from China. But you won't find it here. Supermarket

:21:43.:21:47.

staff say Korean customers would not buy it. Instead, the Chinese produce

:21:48.:21:52.

ends up in the catering industry where it is hidden from view. With

:21:53.:21:56.

some of the longest working hours in the world, few have time to make

:21:57.:22:05.

kimchi themselves. Instead, Mrs Kim holds occasional tutorials for

:22:06.:22:08.

foreign diplomats and tourists. It may not be as cute to look at as a

:22:09.:22:13.

pop band but as cultural ambassadors go, kimchi kicks harder.

:22:14.:22:22.

Eastern Europe is counting the cost of some of the worst winter weather.

:22:23.:22:28.

Households in Slovenia have been left without electricity. The

:22:29.:22:34.

government is appealing for help from neighbouring countries. Other

:22:35.:22:39.

European countries are also affected by heavy snowfall.

:22:40.:22:46.

As picture perfect as it looks, snow has brought havoc to Slovenia. In a

:22:47.:22:52.

country of around 2 million people, one in four homes is without power.

:22:53.:22:57.

That is because of this. All people can do is wait until help arrives.

:22:58.:23:04.

But that help may take some time. Blizzards have disrupted transport

:23:05.:23:08.

and closed more than 40% of schools. If that wasn't bad enough, people

:23:09.:23:13.

have been asked not to drink the tap water either.

:23:14.:23:20.

TRANSLATION: I can only imagine what it must be like for those over 80,

:23:21.:23:25.

or those with small children. There is no electricity, water supply is a

:23:26.:23:31.

problem as well. The winter blast has caused chaos in

:23:32.:23:35.

Serbia. Croatia. And Germany as well. More than 1000 people had to

:23:36.:23:42.

be rescued from their cars. When they eventually got home, they were

:23:43.:23:46.

faced with this. Many having to dig their way to their front door. This

:23:47.:23:53.

is Austria, home owners have been shovelling for days. The wintry

:23:54.:23:57.

conditions are also causing problems in Italy where they are suffering

:23:58.:24:02.

from widespread flooding. Torrential rain has caused misery for home

:24:03.:24:07.

owners. Just getting around is a challenge, which is why the tens of

:24:08.:24:11.

thousands who are affected, they will be hoping an end to this

:24:12.:24:22.

extreme weather is inside soon. He described it as intimidating,

:24:23.:24:25.

bumpy, and far from perfect. But there's a chance it may have

:24:26.:24:29.

resulted in a new world record. This is an 80-foot wave being surfed by

:24:30.:24:32.

34-year-old plumber Andrew Cotton along the St Nazare coast in

:24:33.:24:36.

Portugal on Sunday. It could be the highest that's ever been ridden. We

:24:37.:24:39.

won't know for sure until May, when surf company Billabong measure it.

:24:40.:24:56.

In this new digital age, it is hard to believe that social media was

:24:57.:25:00.

viewed by many as toys for bored teenagers who didn't get out

:25:01.:25:06.

enough. Today, Facebook is used by nearly one in five people, as it

:25:07.:25:16.

celebrates its 10th birthday. Facebook has turned ten years. Ten

:25:17.:25:23.

years of light, and also procrastination. This is how it

:25:24.:25:27.

looked in 2004. Back then it was only open to Harvard university

:25:28.:25:31.

students. Fast forward a decade later and this is how it looks with

:25:32.:25:38.

its 1.2 billion users. 81% are outside the US and Canada. On

:25:39.:25:43.

average, 757 million people log on each day. In 2013, the top topic of

:25:44.:25:50.

conversation was Pope Francis. The top life event people shed dealt

:25:51.:25:55.

with relationship status. Speaking of relationships, it's not all roses

:25:56.:26:01.

in cyberspace. One study found 80% of US divorce attorneys had seen

:26:02.:26:05.

more cases involving social media. Facebook can be a lonely place. A

:26:06.:26:10.

University of Michelin study found that more young adults used

:26:11.:26:15.

Facebook, the worse they felt. Still, other studies found spending

:26:16.:26:20.

time on Facebook can boost self esteem. Either way, these

:26:21.:26:24.

psychological implications of Internet use were not around in

:26:25.:26:30.

2004. Neither was Internet privacy a topic. Over the years, the Internet

:26:31.:26:39.

has been awash with concerns. It can be confusing stuff. What began on

:26:40.:26:43.

college campuses is now big business. One survey found the

:26:44.:26:48.

highest rate of growth is with folks 65 and older. Facebook is losing

:26:49.:26:54.

parts of the youth crowd to other services. Still, Facebook isn't in

:26:55.:27:01.

such a bad position. At the end of 2013, it had $11.5 billion in

:27:02.:27:02.

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