19/09/2013 The One Show

Hello and welcome to the Thursday One Show with Alex Jones. And Matt

Baker, and the night a woman who has One Show with Alex Jones. And Matt

had as many lives as a cat. Lambing Live, Airport Live, Volcano Live.

For some reason Springwatch and Autumnwatch do not have live in the

title! It is the very lively Kate Humble! It can be the One Show Live

just for tonight! The last time we saw you you were travelling all over

the world in the series Shepherdess, what did you take from all the

troubles? I would like to save fleas! Which I probably did. I took

away, really, an astonishing insight into just what an incredible job

farmers around the world do, and it does not really matter whether you

are 4500 metres up a mountain in Afghanistan, or on a 1 million

acres sheep station in Australia. The challenges may be different, but

the life is absolutely as hard, and we really ought to be celebrating

our farm is a little bit more, they do a grand job. Is there anything

you have learned from them to put into your own place, then? Never to

keep alpacas, they are so tricky! I am not an alpaca person. If it does

not like you, they have this devil face. They kind of put their ears

right back, googly eyes, and then they gather as much do from the

deepest pits of their stomach as they possibly can. We have some

here, they had a bit of an attitude, they were downstairs with David

Cassidy. He was a tricky customer, to be fair. Your new series about

man's best friend, and tonight we will be joined by the stars of the

show. And we will have the latest technology to watch the creation of

a butterfly inside a Caterpillar, this is just incredible. My

favourite film in a long time. With wind turbines producing as much

anger as power, the race is on to generate renewable energy without

blighting the landscape. Could solar farms be the answer? Our guests

tonight will be pleased to know that he took his dog Buster with him.

The European Union has said the UK a target of 15% of the energy they

consume to be generated by renewable sources, such as wind, tidal and

solar energy, by 2020. So we had all better get used to seeing more and

more wind turbines and other renewable schemes as we rush towards

the end of the decade. Well, this racetrack, bizarrely, is slap bang

in the middle of a spectacular example of the latest method for

generating clean energy. Solar farms!

Solar farms work by absorbing daylight into the panels, converting

the daylight into energy, and then pumping it out onto the electrical

grid. This huge installation has been built on a former airfield in

Leicestershire. It cost 35 and pounds and its developers claim it

is the largest of its type in the UK. -- 30 £5 million. There are 100

and 20,000 panels here. -- 120,000. In a country that does not get a

great deal of sunshine, this can't be a terribly efficient way of

generating electricity, can it? First of all, we do not need direct

sunlight. It is still producing energy today. The biggest market is

Germany, and we have very similar sunlight hours to Germany. How does

this compare to wind power? Generally, wind will supply more

energy per area, but this is less obtrusive, it tends to attract...

Less obtrusive?! 85 football pitches?! We did not receive one

objection during planning. People know that it does not have a visual

impact, it makes no noise, and therefore it is well supported.

Hundreds of thousands of people have it on their homes. Just as the

attitudes to wind farms seems to divide the nation, you can bet that

before too long everyone is going to have an opinion about these. It is

certainly dramatic and impressive to be among them on this scale. And

oddly Serena as well. The Government's ambition is to produce

20 gigawatts of energy per year from also all installations by 2020. That

will be enough to power many homes, but it is estimated we will need to

cover up to 100,000 acres with panels, more than the combined areas

of the cities of Manchester and Birmingham. The Government has

of the cities of Manchester and developers an incentive to invest

heavily in solar technology by creating subsidies. They will,

inevitably, be passed on to us through our electricity bills. John

Constable from the renewable energy foundation has studied the figures.

It is hard to be certain quite how much this 20 gigawatts of solar

would cost in 2020, because we do not know how much will be built on

green field and brown field sites, which gets different rates of

subsidy. We can be clear about the order of magnitude, it will be

billions every year for decades. Subsidies have to come from

somewhere, it has to come from consumers. So is it worth spending

billions of pounds every year subsidising solar? Or will it turn

out to be just another green elephant? Call me a cynic, but we

have heard many times before about sources of renewable energy that are

going to save the planet. Is it a gimmick? No, no, it is enormous and

takes a great deal of land but it is but using a lot of electricity. What

are the drawbacks? The hardware is more expensive, so the electricity

must cost more than if we generated using coal. The second thing is,

must cost more than if we generated this will produce a lot of

electricity in June and July, but come December you will barely be

able to boil a kettle. So that is the problem. When we need

electricity in this country... On a cold December evening. No source of

renewable energy gives us energy all year round reliably. Why can't we

store the NX city that is generated? That is the next problem

for the next ten years. We have not found a way of doing it economic

league. My sense is that we will converted back into natural gas and

store that in the winter. But that is a very complicated technology. It

is a league is full solar farms like this one, but they are promising.

While there are doubts about their ability to generate electricity when

we needed most, the number of them needed, the storage is due and

subsidies, critics say that for the moment they are just a way for

developers to make hay while the sun shines. Come on, Buster!

Thanks, Andy, a great performance from Buster. Isn't a brilliant? You

have turned your attention to the wonder of dogs, a very scientific

and his Doric and programme. It is, it unravels the most wonderful story

of this enduring relationship between human and dogs, but it also

uncovers just what astonishing creatures they are. You filmed in an

uncovers just what astonishing interesting place. We went to a

uncovers just what astonishing village called Brightwell in

Oxfordshire, they were incredibly welcoming and patient, because we

made parking a nightmare! But really we wanted to see a village as a

microcosm of Britain, so of the entire population of that village,

we had about 100 dogs, and about entire population of that village,

of them were crossbreeds, which is actually roughly about the same as

if you took it nationwide. OK. We put them to the test, we made them

work for television stardom. You did indeed, this is what happened when

they went swimming. The local veterinary hydra therapist

encourages dogs to swim for exorcism and recuperation. Although dogs like

these do not need much encouragement. When they go to

retrieve a toy, that is when they engage their back legs. She is using

her feet like paddles. I am just getting Buster into

position, do you want to sit there? Sorry, Boris, that is why he is not

listening! We are joined by two of the stars of the show, Dudley is

better behaved. Very different in size, obviously, and that is

illustrated in the first episode, which is about how the breeds vary

illustrated in the first episode, so much. The astonishing thing, and

these guys really show it clearer than anything else, you know, you

would think that these two dogs, this little scrap and this one, who

is 95 kilograms, about twice you, Alex, they are actually... They have

one common ancestor, the wolf, and that is the same with every breed of

dog. And what is astonishing is that this little chap has got the same

dog. And what is astonishing is that number of bones as him. It is just

that obviously he is not 95 kilos. And the thing is, what I found

fascinating as well, I did not know this, the labelling, that is the

story of one gene, as is the height of the dog, just one gene. -- the

leg length. This is the astonishing thing, and what I loved about doing

this series is that it became very obvious that, actually, dogs really

mirror human history and human evolution. So what we have done is

kind of created dogs through selective breeding. We have created

these breeds to suit ourselves, depending on where we were in our

history. So very early on, when we first made this extraordinary leap

history. So very early on, when we from turning a wolf, a wild animal

into a domesticated animal, we think that happened about 30,000 years

ago... We have a perfect example of that happened about 30,000 years

this minute relation here. Bring these in. Bring in the poodle.

Breeze looks like, well, like a Crufts winner with that fantastic

hairstyle. It is amazing, the styling. You would think that was a

modern frivolity, but actually poodles are wonderful swimmers, and

this was something that human beings, you know, basically bred

these animals to take that trade and exacerbated so that they could use

it for their own purposes. They could get these animals in the water

to take water prey, and they would shave them so that the dogs would

survive better in the water, they would not have that heavy hair on

their hind ends dragging them down. They would keep their vital organs

warmed by keeping the pom-poms, if you like, and the topknot was

actually really important, a little bit like the dog having its own name

on the top so that they could identify it. And let's have a little

look at Penny, we have not got much time. Isn't she beautiful?

Beautifully adapted for being a hunting dog in tunnels. Boris has

travelled all over my leg! You can see more of Dudley, Boris and Breeze

on the Wonder Of Dogs, tonight on BBC Two. You would not want to lose

control of him, would you? With the new school term well under way, the

big news for pupils is that you are no longer allowed to leave school at

16, which will supposedly give young people a better start in life. I am

sure there are no to do not agree as well! But is staying in school the

best idea? We left some viewers -- we spoke to some viewers who left at

16. I was the typical teenager, I went to school with good intentions

but I was easily led, I was bored, I did not know why I was there. I

didn't know what I was going to do. On the last day, I had no plan. I

grew up in a very traditional household, my father went out to

work and provided for us all, my mother stayed at home, and the

prevailing attitude was that girls leave school at 16, get a job, then

get married and have a family. I do not think I ever started education,

to be honest! I was not that bad at school, but I never engaged. My

great passion was always football, so up to the age of 15 I was always

going to be a professional football, so I did not need maths lessons at

school! University? No way, not interest. My dad said, right, what

are you going to do? So the next morning I got up, got a job, and I

was in full-time employment as a factory cleaner, I had a brush in my

hands, but I had a scooter, I had money. Initially, I was quite cross

about not being able to go on and do higher education, and certainly when

I started to work I was conscious that other people were better

qualified than me. I think that other people were better

expectation was that when I have a family I would not work, but once

they would do is cool, I got bored. A pool builders said, if you will

sign for our team, you can, and lay before us. I suddenly became very

focused on the brickwork, and I got a certificate to say I could lay

bricks, so I wanted to get out into the big world and in some or money.

The next stage was progressing. I ended up making competition can use

as a laminator. I ended up selling canoes. At 23, I decided I was going

to start my own business. I never looks back. My company is a £5.5

million business and we employ 85 people. We supply for Formula one.

We make beautiful parts that go racing every fortnight. When I was

approached by somebody I had been working with about doing a PHD, I

didn't automatically think it would never happen. I have just finished

and hopefully I will work as an engineer. It is really exciting. I

had a fancy car and I took it into the garage and swapped it for £2000

and a van. We started off as a two-man operation, and we have now

celebrated our 25th year in business. We have 200 vans. Thank

you to Graham, Steve and Sarah. For all you butterfly fans, this is the

moment. If you are making tea, comeback.

Come back from the kitchen. For If you are making tea, comeback.

years, scientists have wanted to see one of nature's most incredible

transformations of until recently, it has remained a mystery. Mike

Dilger uses the latest technology to get an inside look at the birth of a

butterfly. There are more than 50 species of

butterfly in Britain. From the familiar peacock to the less

well-known orange tip. All of them start life as eggs before hatching

into caterpillars. But now there is a new technique helping scientists

to see how this turns into something like this. Caterpillars are eating

machines. Once they have reached full size, something extraordinary

happens. They find a quiet spot to hide away and they develop an outer

layer called a chrysalis. Hidden in this plant, pretending to be a

teapot, is the chrysalis of an orange tip butterfly. -- seed pod.

It is crucial that it stays camouflaged over the winter so that

it does and it gets spotted by a hungry blue tipped. Until recently,

the only way to see the metamorphosis inside was to dissect

the chrysalis. But at the University of Bath, Doctor Mark Greco is

utilising a harmless technique. This CT scan x-rays chrysalis is,

like this South American butterfly, and provides a 3D moving images --

moving image of what is happening inside. On the left, we have a

caterpillar in the late stages. It is about one day before it starts

the metamorphosis. On the right, we have an early stage chrysalis, which

has just started the metamorphosis. What are these? They are the chewing

teeth of the caterpillar. Caterpillars need these teeth but

butterflies do not so they break them down, reabsorbing them into the

body. But for their life on the wing, they need a new lightweight

breathing system. This structure is formed so that the insect is lighter

when it flies. It acts as a bellows so the abdomen moves in and out.

Effectively, it keeps the organism alive. Yes. The biggest revelation

from the x-rays is how quickly these crucial changes take place. We

understood what the changes were, but we did not actually realise how

fast it happened. It happened within a 24-hour period. One theory is that

it happens rapidly because it is when the insect is at its most

honourable. -- vulnerable. Both of these changes cause the chrysalis to

wriggle and attract predators. After that, it takes a week before the

butterfly finally hatches. Here at the North Somerset butterfly house,

I am hoping to see the final spectacle. To up our chances of

seeing a butterfly emerge, we have lined up all of his chrysalis --

these chrysalis is and we have been assured that they are almost ready

to go. When they emerge, it happens quickly. We need to know which ones

to keep an eye on. The chrysalis will start to show the colour of the

butterfly wings. I think this one looks really hopeful. It is

definitely one to watch. For the first two hours, there is barely a

ripple. But then suddenly, there is some movement. Look, the chrysalis

is just cracking and the butterfly is forcing its way out! I can just

see the red, black and yellow of this butterfly's wings as it

emerges. While! Forcing its way out. Here it comes. It is easing

out. When it emerges, it will happen quickly. It has just split the

chrysalis. There we go. And the wings just drop down, and the moment

the wings are totally crinkled and unfurled, they will start to pump

fluid into the wings, so they will get bigger and bigger. It will

probably take an hour before the wings harden and the butterfly takes

to the wing. For the very first time.

Did you get any more while you were there? We saw two or three. It is

such a privilege. They come out crinkled, and then they flutter off

when the wings are dry. We have been inundated with butterflies in our

garden. It has been a bumper crop. It is the fourth annual count of

butterflies by the conservation Society. They have had an amazing

number of people taking parts. 46,000 people taking part, 837,000

recovered. We know why we have had such a good year. It has been

gorgeous with lots of sunshine and not too much rain. And when they are

mating, some of the species have gone through the roof. We have had a

bumper crop of brimstone butterflies, up by 80%. There is a

lovely one that hibernate as an adult. For me, the tortoiseshell

butterfly is exciting, up by 388%. 388%! Do think it is just because it

butterfly is exciting, up by 388%. was sunny and people were out

looking? Two years ago, we hardly saw a single tortoiseshell

butterfly. They were being attacked by a tiny fly. But the peacock,

3000% up. A wonderful result. Tell us about these, because these are

really important. There is a student called Athena Martin, who is 17 and

did work experience at the Museum of Natural History. She went in and

they said there were 3000 draws over there and somewhere there were a

collection of Russel Wallace's butterflies. And she went through

every butterfly and found butterflies collected. Collected by

the great man himself. The these. That was collected near Papa New

Guinea. That is his writing, collected in the RTL -- Archipelago

in 1899. Look at that one right by your finger. You can just imagine

Wallace going after that, catching it, snaring it, and bringing it

home. 150 years later, it is in pristine condition. Lets hope she

got a job at the end of it. Amazing to see. Here's a fact for you.

Modern aviation in Britain started with a wild west circus cowboy

called Cody. Here's another fact. He has a

great-grandson working right here at the BBC. Our World Affairs Editor,

John Simpson, reports. Why are you holding a remote paper?

--ream of. The first man to fly a plane in Britain was a flamboyant

American, a cowboy, showman and the inventor of the tight. I have

learned about Cody ever since I can member. But I am always interested

to find how few other people know member. But I am always interested

about him. To me, he is not just a pioneer of the air. I am proud to,

Silver member of his family. He pioneer of the air. I am proud to,

eloped with my great-grandmother. You can see them in this archive

film shot in the early 1900s. They settled in Farnborough, which became

the Centre for military aviation in Britain. His designs for kites

capable of lifting a man 1000 feet into the air brought him to the

attention of the army. He persuaded them to use kites for

reconnaissance. A historian, Jean Roberts, now lives in his old house

in Farnborough. He used to ride from here on his white horse over to

Farnborough, and he would tie up his horse and teach the army had to fly

kites. Man lifting kites have not been bettered. A carrier kite at the

bottom, you can see, with a basket. Some intrepid person would sit

there. Sometimes him and sometimes my great-grandmother. You must feel

close to them. I wish the House was haunted, really dumb and he would

come and tell me the answers to the questions I do not quite know the

archers to! He started out as a cowboy in America and worked in a

wild West Circus. In 1890, he brought his sharpshooting act to

Britain. My great-grandmother ran off to join his show. Peter and John

Cody are my second cousins. They are as fascinated as I am by Sam Cody,

the colourful showman. He used to shoot cigarettes out of Leila's

mouth. They said she roared -- she wore blood red tights so that it

would not show if she got a little wore blood red tights so that it

nick. He did anything he could to make money. The money from the plays

he wrote actually give him the money to promote his kite idea. And that

went onto aircraft. He was Britain's first test pilot. That is

the thing. He designed and built the planes and tested them. One day, he

flew past and put his hands in the air and said, it flies itself, look!

On the six teams of it over, 1908, he made the first official flight in

Britain in a heavier than a machine. It only lasted 27 seconds, but Cody

had flown into the history books. Farnborough interscience trust

Museum has a replica of his trailblazing plane. How important

was Cody? Was he just a showman? He was a showman with sufficient drive

to give effect to his ideas. He had the bravery and drive to get on with

building an aircraft, developing it from kites, to build the first

aircraft that flew in the UK. I suppose he must have irritated the

establishment. He was not a conventional chap. He was a trained

cowboy. Imagine a man of that disposition with a funny accent, in

the officers met in Aldershot, he would not have been what they were

used to. We should remember him as a pioneer. He was the first guy in the

UK to fly a proper aeroplane. And that is never going to change.

Sadly, his success did not last long. In August of 1913, who was

flying near Farnborough when something catastrophic happened. His

aircraft fell, and he and his passenger died instantly. His

funeral was attended by 100,000 mourners. This statue was recently

unveiled in Farnborough and I am pleased that the flying cowboy, my

great-grandfather, as I like to think of them, has been commemorated

like this. I just wish that more people knew about him, that's all.

More people will know now. I quite fancy ago on one of those kites. And

you can see more of John's story when his episode of Who Do You Think

You Are? Airs next Wednesday at 9pm on BBC One. Next week the legendary

Ronnie Corbett will be here, and we want to give him some One Show

viewer stories to tell from his famous chair.

He is famous for his shaggy dog stories, so we would like to hear

yours. If you have a funny tale about our dog that is special to

you, please send it in to us. I have to show you this. Have a look

at the latest edition to the baker kennels. This is Bob, 12 weeks old.

He will be in training very shortly. Thanks to Kate. The Wonder of Dogs

starts tonight at 8pm on BBC Two. Tomorrow Chris and I will reveal who

you voted into the National Portrait Gallery, and chef James Martin tells

us why he took to the skies to find Britain's best food. See you