30/01/2012 The One Show

Hello and welcome to The One Show with Matt Baker. And Alex Jones..

Tonight's guest has been late for everything. He did not start his

ballroom dancing career until he was 21. He didn't become a dad

until who has 40. He was 60 when he became famous. Everybody knows that

the One Show starts at... Severn! Len Goodman! Delight that? Clever!

We're not here to talk about Strictly. We are now referring to

you as the finis ambassador. I am the ambassador. -- thickness. For

the over 55s and it is all about getting them more healthy and it is

all about your personal best. We will not just be hearing more

about his new role as fitness ambassador, later on we will be

making him work, putting you through your paces. I'm ready!

First, the maximum sentence for causing a death when driving on

drugs is 14 years in prison. But at the moment there's no official

equivalent of the breathalyser so it can be difficult to prove when

York city centre and I'm on the night shift with it on Taylor. We

are on the lookout for signs of a lethal menace on Britain's roads,

drug driving. It is not long before she makes her first stop of the

night. I'm not entirely happy when I look at your eyes that you

haven't taken anything recently. Currently suspected drug drivers

can be asked to undergo a series of balance and co-ordination exercises

known as the field impairment test. I will catch your pupils. Look

straight ahead. -- look at your pupils. To the tip of your nose.

This is the most advanced test for drug driving in the UK. When you

compare that alcohol testing where you blow into a breathalyser, it

does seem strange that this is the most advanced way we do it and it

is still down to of as a judgment. I don't believe you are impaired on

this occasion. This driver was not under the influence of any drugs,

but it is estimated that one in five motorists killed in road

accidents may have drugs in their system. I just remember a beautiful,

happy girl. The smile shone from ear to ear. In 20th June 10, 14-

year-old Lillian Groves was hit by a car outside her home near Croydon.

Not only was the driver speeding, he was also uninsured and he had

been smoking cannabis. Lilian was rushed to hospital with serious

head injuries and died later that evening. Words can't explain.

You're just numb all the way through. You think it is not

The driver admitted smoking cannabis, but the police were not

able to prove he was impaired. He was not tested for drugs until nine

hours after the accident, by which point the traces found in his

bloodstream were too small to charge him with causing death by

dangerous driving while under the influence of drugs, which carries a

maximum sentence of 14 years. He pleaded guilty to causing death by

careless driving and driving without insurance. He was sentenced

to eight months in prison and served just eight weeks. Disgusted.

That his or her life was worth. You can go around and kill someone,

take away their life, wreck a whole family life, ripped us apart and

Surprisingly unlike with drink- driving, there are still no legal

limits on the acceptable level of illegal drugs allowed in blood. It

is up to the police to prove that a person's driving has been impaired

by drugs in their system. But there are more advanced methods available.

Kits like these which can be used at the roadside to see if the

driver has been taking drugs are already in use in many other

countries. So why aren't they news in the UK? -- in use. The Home

Office has been testing the devices, which checks saliva for the

presence of illegal drugs, for a number of months. Some senior

police officers say there's no point in having these kits without

first changing the law to make it a criminal offence to drive after

taking an illegal drug. My view would be they will not add anything

of value to the process so there's no point in us buying them. If we

moved to a different place in terms of the offence, they will be cost-

effective. We need an absolute offence. What do you mean by that?

If you take a range of drugs and then have a certain level in your

body, the same as alcohol, you are committing an offence for which you

will be prosecuted. Lilian's parents have persuaded David

Cameron to back their campaign for just that law and now the

government has appointed as scientific panel to advise on the

technical aspects of introducing a new offence. We have heard promises

from the government before, why should you believe -- be believe

now? Governments have been looking at this fear. The prime minister

has said there will legislation. Can I get it in this new

parliament? No. I am hoping I can get it in the next Parliament, next

year. In south London, Lilley and parents had this new legislation

will provide a fitting tribute to their teenage daughter's life.

deserves that much more. I don't want those 14 years to be forgotten

and to have been wasted. Thank you. Len, you and the lovely Arlene

Phillips are launching a brand new campaign called personal best.

personal best. It is for the over 55s, either perfectly healthy or

those with health issues, to try to do a little bit more, a little bit

more exercise. Once you get to a certain age, it is so easy to sit

back and say I can't be bothered. This is not about trying to do a

marathon or the pole vault at the Olympics, it is just your personal

best. Whether that means getting out in the garden and doing a

little bit or walking to the shops rather than taking the car or the

bus. As for me, when I going to Dartford, because I have a bus

pass! I quite often get off a couple of stops early. I was going

to ask how active you were. You're very good at sitting behind a desk.

I know! I play golf so that is always good and it is a lovely long

walk. I bought sewer and died a bicycle beach a few years ago. --

Sue and five. Lovely big saddles. There are so many cycle paths now.

We go down to Brighton or Southend, which is lovely and flat. I don't

do Hills! Park up in Hove and circle a long down the promenade

and Stoppard have a cup of tea. I am not talking about going to the

gym, I go occasionally, but I don't wear my career and swept up in the

paddock. I do a bit on the treadmill and a couple of other

things. A cappuccino and then I go back... What we are talking about

is the over 55s trying to do a little bit. There are so many

things you can do. They have a website. My picture is there.

ambassador! In all his glory. You're not the only more mature

person who is doing a bit of exercise these days. Forget the

latest celebrity fitness video, let's meet Stanley Thomas from

Cardiff, 94 years old. A personal friend of Alex Kane. He has been

making videos of himself and working out in his home gym to

inspire other people to get fit. He is it -- even has a sauna. Twice a

week he exercises like that. You note... My mum is 94. They

could get together. You go into her house and so I will make you a cup

of tea, she says, you sit down! This is marvellous. It is a bit

like dancing, you can do it as long as you want and you don't have to

be sweating, just a bit of gentle exercise. Some of his moves are

quite intense. We thought we would put some to the test. I'm going to

have one. We are ready to go. Tell me when you are ready. Happy? I

Matt, Len, Alex. I have some exercises for you. I want you to

try to follow me. Free-standing loosening up exercises. Bend,

stretch, bend, stretch. And swing. It is the cross that is tricky.

Repeat. I am loving this! And down. You were getting into that. Stan is

good! No bingo wings! We had loads of exercises lined up. Have we run

out of time? It is a Monday. This is what we are talking about, this

is not about tremendous physical activity, trying to drain for a

pole vault or what ever. It is doing what you can. Speaking of the

pole vault and all things active, we will stay with fitness. Just a

week to go to apply for Paralympics tickets. He if everybody is as

excited about that as Ade Adepitan, 20 sports, 300 sessions and 499

gold medals up for grabs. The Olympic Stadium is nearly finished

and that means the 2012 Paralympics are almost here. But this year's

spectacular event will be very different from how the games

originally began. Created in 1948 to help patients recover from

spinal injury at an Aylesbury hospital, the Stoke Mandeville

Games became end international event. In 1960, they were held in

Rome and 24 years later the Olympic Committee re classified those games

as the first Paralympics. Margaret won two gold medals in Rome, just

one year after breaking her back in a car crash. The first competition

of the day involved me and that was archery. It was weird because we

were sat in a very long line, so close to each other we could hardly

move to draw the Barlow. They wrote our scores down, they did not tell

us what the scores were. I knew vaguely that I was doing quite well

because I could see where the arrows were. I got to the end of

the day and somebody said, wears Margaret? We need her, there's a

medal ceremony. I got the gold medal! What was that like to have

the medal and the national anthem playing? It was bewildering! But it

was lovely. That was the first British gold medal. Today it is

very different. Elite athletes battle it out on the world stage.

He one of my favourites to watch is the brutal and brilliant wheelchair

rugby. It is the only full contact wheelchair sport. To get round your

opponent, it is a lot easier to do if they are on the ground than if

they are on their wheels. For long. It is very aggressive and fast.

2012 we are hoping for a medal and everybody wants gold. Those guys

are tough and so it is six-time Paralympic medal winner and world

No. 1 David Weir. He won gold in the 805th -- 800 metres and 1,500

metres in Beijing and he is tipped to win four golds in London. When

you win a major race, you think of all the people that have helped you.

It is the best feeling in the world, you can't describe it unless you

know it yourself. To go out in the stadium with 80,000 people cheering

you on, it will be spectacular. after shooting range to meet

another Paralympians with an amazing story. And wild, five-time

Paralympians in part it all. This year she has a shot at representing

Paralympics GB in a different sport. I had brain surgery last year and

it left me unable to compete in contact sports any more. Now I'm

doing the shooting. I've been training from nine-to-five each day

and we have been in camps for weeks on end. It is tough because space

is low, competition is I am everyone is fighting for their

space. In seven months, that stadium will be rocking in

anticipation for what could be the greatest Paralympics ever. I can't

Well, and Ade is here now. It will be superb. So we have until 6.00pm

on theth of February to buy tickets for the Olympics, but if an event

is sold out, there is a chance to see an event you want? Yes, there

is, but exclusive to the Paralimpics you can get day passes.

They give allocations to some of the events. For instance, the world

chair tennis and rugby may be sold out, but you can still get in with

the day passes as well as the world chair basket as well.

There are 20 events? Yes, 20 events. Which one do you want to see?

my sport was basketball. The men's team won the European gold. I would

put them up as favourites to win gold this year. It could be the

first time. You did so well at the last

Paralympics? They were second. They won 102 medals all together, 4

golds. So if you go to the Paralympics you will be doing a lot

of celebrating. How do you buy it, what is the

procedure? You go on to the London 2012 website and it is on a first

come, first serve basis. You have until 6.00pm on theth of February

to get your tickets. You can still get limb pick football tickets

until the 6th of February, 6.00pm and the rest of the limb pick

tickets will be on re-sale in April. If you have had tickets you have to

give them back by the 3rd of February if you can't go to the

event, but say now for example, Matt Baker has a ticket to an event.

He can't go, but he wants to give them to me, can he do that?

course he can, but he can't sell them. He can give them as a gift.

You may have to give him a bottle of wine back, but there you go.

I can do that. We have a brilliant photo of you,

going back to the active team. Is this you on the football team?

is me, there I am! Look at him standing proud! That is wonderful.

What position did you play? Usually up front.

Were you twinkle toes? I was speedy! We played at Hackney

marshes and there would be about 100 football pitches. You would

look on the list, 71, and carry the posts out to wherever it was, stick

the posts in and off you went. it's a bit like a dancing partner.

Well it is all about counting, isn't it, there is a three-four for

the waltz, a four-four for the foxtrot? Well, according to Marty

Jopson what you like to listen to has nothing to do with personal

taste, and everything to do with maths and physics.

The 17th century mathematician Gottfried Leibniz once wrote that

music is the pleasure of the human mind of counting without realising

it. It seems odd, but music and maths are more closely intertwined

than you may thing. To understand what Leibniz was saying you have to

get around what the brain perceives as sound.

Dr Williams, a psycho cost igs from Oxford University. What is sound?

It is energy of high and low pressure, moving through air to our

ears. So we perceive the changes of pressure as sound.

So peaks of pressure hitting the eardrums, that is sound, so what is

a note sp? Well we -- what is a note? We use frequency, we get it

from the number of times that the peak is hitting our ears. So if you

play a middle C on the piano. If we take a look at the recording of

that note on the computer we can see the fundamental frequency is

this 262 cycles a second. So that middle C corresponds to 262

peaks 6 pressure hitting my eardrum? Yep.

Per second? Yep. Every key on the piano has its own

unique frequency. Just as puffs of air here are invisible until they

hit us. Pressure peaks are undetectable until they reach our

eardrums and our brains can count this regular onslaught and in

response we hear a C, but music is made up of many notes in

complicated chords. So how on earth can we count them all? This is

where our amazing ability to recognise patterns comes into play.

It is an evolutionary trait that helps us to develop language,

create art and discover mathematics. What makes music interesting is

that regardless of our tastes, preference or musical ability, we

can all tell the difference between a random jumble of notes and a

beautiful piece of music. Well, I'm not a musical expert, but

I would say it is out of tune. does it make it unpleasant? I'm not

really sure, but it's not unpleasant to listen to.

So what make one song sound like a beautiful harm ony and another a

discordant racket. So consider C and G... Every second pressure peak

from C arrives at exactly the same time as one from G. By contrast the

notes C and F-sharp don't fit well together if you play them together

it sounds unpleasant... This time the pressure peaks just don't line

up at all. They have no correlation to one another. They have no

recognisable pattern. To make a really pleasing sound and a dynamic

pattern we could use three notes, in this case, high-C, E and G.

Even with three chords, the pressure peaks line up at regular

intervals. Some chords pressure peaks line up

far better than others. It is these which are the building blocks for

the perfect harmony. That is why of the dozens of chords available to

musicians, hundreds of successful songs have been written using the

same few chords, but don't take my word for it... Here is just a

selection of famous melodies which all use exactly the same repeating

chords. # Of a beautiful nightmare

# I saw an angel # I'm sure... # Your brilliant

mathematical brains can count music and recognise patterns. If they

include matched pressure peaks, well, your ears will find it

irresistible. # I can find wherever you take... #

Now, Carrie is here with us now, alongside artist and musician, John

Telfer. There are other notes? Yes,

absolutely every pop song out there, there is The Beatles, Letwin, auld

auld auld, Bob Marley, and even auldlang sign.

-- Let It Be. You are going to talk about

science? Yes, I know. Here we have a speaker, on the top of the

speaker is a bowl of water. John is putting on his special machine, we

are going to see what happens when the sound hits the air and goes on

to the surface. That is the look of sound.

It is like a call I'd scope effect, isn't it? It is mesmerising.

This is called cymatics. It is great with a low note. I have seen

you work out earlier, Matt, I heard you doing the low notes, let's have

a listen. Yeah, oh, oh, yeah! Come on k -- on,

len, have a go... -- Len, have a go... We know that we can hear

individual notes, but what about a whole tune.

Well, we have a surprise for you. Earlier we gave John a very well

known tune and we will be able to see it later on.

I wonder what that could be? Well while John gets ready for that,

Miranda has also seeing something for the first time in the woods of

Bedfordshire. In the late 19th century, grey

squirrels were introduced into the country from North America, they

quickly spread out. Now there is a new kid on the block, the greys

have competition and could even be knocked out of their territories by

the black squirrel. Black squirrels arrived in Britain at about the

same time, but in small numbers for private collections. It is thought

that some escaped in Bedfordshire. But over the last 100 years,

numbers have really grown and they are now seen scam pering across

hard fordshire, Cambridgeshire and Bedfordshire, and possibly further

afield. They've been given hard press. There are rumours that they

are dominant. Highly territorial and more aggressive, but is black

the new grey? Will they wipe out the grey squirrels completely? Very

little is known about them. So biologist Helen Grovery has gone

the research into their behaviour. There are all these headlines about

black squirrels being mutants, but what exactly are they? As far as we

know, the only difference between them is the tiny DNA missing in the

black squirrel. So a grey squirrel, looking at the fur it has stripes

of white fur in the hair, also a yellow stripe, but the black

squirrel only makes that one black colour, so the hair is completely

black. In some areas, the black squirrels

are tarting to outnumber of greys. Former ekolgist has been seeing

them in his garden for nearly three decades and is seeing them grow.

When we first saw them we saw the odd one, now it is something like

40% black ones to the 60% greys ones, and up to nine in the garden

at the same time. Do you see a difference?

Surprisingly yes, the black ones a little less bold. If there is a

confrontation, the black one gives way to the grey.

Why is that? I don't know, there is no logical explanation, just a

minor genetic mutation. But this colour mutation could be a

part of their success. As grey and black squirrels are a part of the

same species, they can interbreed. When they, do they produce darker

off spring, increasing the spread. It is thought that the dark breed

can help survival. In America, there are more black

squirrels in the north where it is colder.

That could mean that the black are surviving in the colder winters

when the greys perish. We need help to be sure how many

there are to record the numbers and where.

They were introduced in Woburn. I know that they are now having

reached Cambridge where I live. That is about 150 miles way, so in

about 100 years, that gene has travelled 100 miles. I want to know

what they've been up to. They have nearly reached as far up

at Peterborough. A few as far as Watford and some having made it to

Bury St Edmunds in the east, but do you know better? There have been

reports of sightings in Devon and Cornwall, and even in the south of

Scotland, but what is the true picture of the spread of the black

squirrel? That is where you can help.

Len have you ever seen a black squirrel? No, I don't think that

they have invaded Kent yet. Well, have a lack around. Helen's

is in need of your help. It is simple. Note down if you have seen

a red, grey or black squirrel and log tonne our website and then put

a virtual pin in the map. We have had lots of e-mails from fitness

fanatics, this one from Janet, she has just turned 54 and cycled

across south maefrbg. Well, that is -- south America.