01/06/2016 BBC News at Ten


01/06/2016

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Four decades after bombs ripped apart two pubs in Birmingham,

:00:00.:00:08.

a coroner re-opens the inquests into the deaths.

:00:09.:00:11.

The double bombing caused devastation

:00:12.:00:13.

Families of the victims were today overcome by the news.

:00:14.:00:19.

Today is... the most seismic day for all of us.

:00:20.:00:28.

The coroner today spoke of new evidence

:00:29.:00:40.

of advance notice of the bombs being given to police.

:00:41.:00:42.

West Midlands Police in 2016 has nothing to hide.

:00:43.:00:45.

The failings in 1975 of the botched investigation are the biggest

:00:46.:00:47.

failing in the force's history, and we don't stand aside from that.

:00:48.:00:50.

We'll be looking at the fresh evidence

:00:51.:00:52.

Also tonight, Leave campaigners want EU migrant workers

:00:53.:00:57.

The Remain camp say their plans would wreck the economy.

:00:58.:01:03.

One of the country's most prolific paedophiles,

:01:04.:01:05.

admits 71 charges of child sexual abuse in court.

:01:06.:01:11.

The EgyptAir plane which crashed last month -

:01:12.:01:15.

investigators detect signals from a black box in the Mediterranean.

:01:16.:01:18.

And the oldest hand-written document ever found in Britain

:01:19.:01:20.

is among hundreds of Roman artefacts discovered in London.

:01:21.:01:27.

And coming out in Sportsday on BBC News,

:01:28.:01:29.

Andy Murray reaches the semifinals of the French Open

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to beat home favourite Richard Gasquet at Roland Garros.

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In 1974, bombs in two Birmingham pubs left 21 people dead

:01:58.:02:04.

and more than 200 injured, one of the worst terror attacks

:02:05.:02:06.

a coroner has ruled that inquests into the deaths are to be re-opened.

:02:07.:02:13.

The inquests were suspended when six men were jailed for the attacks.

:02:14.:02:17.

Their convictions were later quashed.

:02:18.:02:22.

The coroner, Louise Hunt, said there was now new evidence

:02:23.:02:25.

that the police may have missed advance warnings of the bombings.

:02:26.:02:28.

West Midlands Police had opposed the re-opening of the inquests,

:02:29.:02:30.

but the force's Chief Constable today welcomed

:02:31.:02:32.

Our correspondent Sian Lloyd sent this report.

:02:33.:02:40.

Today is... the most seismic day for all of us.

:02:41.:02:47.

Julie Hambleton has campaigned for almost 42 years

:02:48.:02:51.

The 18-year-old was among the 21 who died in the explosions.

:02:52.:02:59.

I hope that our fathers, brothers, sisters, mothers

:03:00.:03:06.

are looking down and they are proud.

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On the 21st of November 1974, two bombs exploded at the Mulberry Bush

:03:14.:03:18.

and Tavern in the Town pubs in Birmingham city centre.

:03:19.:03:23.

A year later, six men were convicted.

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The Birmingham Six, as they became known,

:03:26.:03:28.

their convictions overturned by the Court of Appeal.

:03:29.:03:35.

Paddy Hill was one of those men who were wrongly jailed.

:03:36.:03:37.

It's the first step that's ever been taken

:03:38.:03:42.

to finding out the real truth behind the Birmingham pub bombings.

:03:43.:03:46.

West Midlands Police said the coroner did not have the...

:03:47.:03:49.

There's too many skeletons in the cupboard.

:03:50.:03:52.

They knew, they had advance warning, before the bombs went off.

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Just what West Midlands Police knew in advance of the bombings

:03:58.:04:00.

The coroner said she'd already identified two occasions

:04:01.:04:07.

where chances to prevent the bombings may have been missed.

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Louise Hunt said, "I have serious concerns that advance notice

:04:11.:04:15.

of the bombs may have been available to the police and that they failed

:04:16.:04:18.

to take the necessary steps to protect life."

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"There is a wealth of evidence still available which has not

:04:25.:04:27.

in the main been seen by the families or the public

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"It is still possible for an inquest to ascertain how these 21

:04:30.:04:33.

pending the criminal trial and later police investigations.

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The West Midlands force had argued

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that the power to re-open them had been lost.

:04:44.:04:46.

West Midlands Police in 2016 has nothing to hide.

:04:47.:04:51.

The failings in 1975 of the botched investigation are the biggest

:04:52.:04:55.

failing in the force's history, we don't stand aside from that.

:04:56.:05:00.

The pub bombings were widely acknowledged

:05:01.:05:01.

The names of a number of suspects linked to the attacks

:05:02.:05:06.

were known in Republican circles and by some journalists.

:05:07.:05:09.

This former senior member of the organisation believes

:05:10.:05:12.

the men responsible are unlikely to face trial.

:05:13.:05:16.

The only way there could be convictions would be if the men

:05:17.:05:19.

walked into police stations in the UK and confessed

:05:20.:05:22.

to their parts in the bombing, and that ain't going to happen.

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You could hear the ambulances coming,

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Maureen Mitchell survived the attack.

:05:27.:05:31.

Aged 21, she was so badly injured she was given the last rites.

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You sort of put it all behind you, and then something else

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will come up, like all this that is happening now.

:05:40.:05:42.

because that would be an end to it then.

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It's been a long journey for the families

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They hope they'll now get some of their questions answered.

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I here sat Birmingham Central police station, where tonight they are

:06:01.:06:06.

considering the coroner's decision. They say they do support it.

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Evidence about how West Midlands Police responded and what they knew

:06:11.:06:13.

in advance played an important part in this decision. For the families

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certainly, it is a huge step forward, but the coroner has sounded

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a note of caution, that the inquests may not resolve all the matters as

:06:24.:06:27.

far as they are concerned. Now, details of how and when the inquest

:06:28.:06:31.

will be held are expected later. We should know more over the coming

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months. Sian, thank you, Sian Lloyd there.

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The UK could have a fairer, more humane immigration system

:06:39.:06:40.

that would work better for the economy if it left the EU.

:06:41.:06:43.

That's the latest claim from the Leave campaigners.

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They want to end the automatic right

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for EU citizens to live and work here

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and to accept only those of value to the economy.

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But those campaigning to remain in the EU said such a system

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would wreck the economy and could drive up immigration.

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Our political editor, Laura Kuenssberg,

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I should warn you, it contains flashing images.

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Their biggest names, their biggest promise so far.

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Is it not time we took back control of our immigration policy?

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Being in the EU means people from 27 other countries can come here

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but they want exit and an end to all that.

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You're stitching things up, are you? Yes.

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We've come to talk about another big stitch-up.

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Along with the gags, outers are offering a points system

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where all immigrants would be judged on what they can offer,

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What we're saying is, have a system whereby

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the UK Government has to take responsibility

:07:39.:07:40.

But can you guarantee that immigration would actually

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I think that is very, very likely, but that's up to the Government,

:07:46.:07:51.

what the needs of UK business and industry were.

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Those who are the brightest and the best, with the right

:07:58.:08:00.

skills for our economy, would be welcome here,

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and actually this would be a fairer system.

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What your rivals say is, if we give up EU people

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that would have a huge effect on the economy.

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They say it would wreck the economy. I think that's obvious nonsense.

:08:13.:08:16.

Look like they're starting to enjoy this campaign?

:08:17.:08:18.

They're sure their promise of more controls on immigration is one

:08:19.:08:23.

But maybe this referendum will come down to a choice -

:08:24.:08:27.

a trade-off between tighter rules on immigration

:08:28.:08:30.

and what their opponents claim would be serious damage

:08:31.:08:33.

to the economy that every worker would feel.

:08:34.:08:38.

In a typically low-key intervention in this noisy argument,

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the Home Secretary said the plan just wouldn't work.

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Well, they're calling for a points-based system,

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like the Australians have, but if you look at the figures,

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Australia has nearly double the level of immigration per head

:08:50.:08:52.

Now, the current level of immigration is too high,

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but there is no silver bullet - controlling immigration is hard.

:08:59.:09:05.

The OECD - respected number crunchers -

:09:06.:09:09.

cautioned if we leave the table, economic shockwaves might be

:09:10.:09:12.

felt right around the world, and the hypothetical end

:09:13.:09:14.

of EU migration has alarmed David Cameron's political friends.

:09:15.:09:17.

It would be unavoidable, inevitable, for us, and

:09:18.:09:20.

I think for many of us in Europe, to follow the same proposals,

:09:21.:09:24.

to implement a points system in the rest of the European Union,

:09:25.:09:27.

so you would get a race to the bottom.

:09:28.:09:30.

Most politicians used to be squeamish about talking immigration,

:09:31.:09:34.

but it's part of this campaign and his long-term gain.

:09:35.:09:39.

Australia looks at what it thinks it needs to expand its country.

:09:40.:09:42.

It's growing its country, so it takes more people pro rata

:09:43.:09:45.

than we would, but the point about it is they can choose.

:09:46.:09:49.

Outers of all stripes think there is mileage in it,

:09:50.:09:53.

but as they take more and more messages around the country,

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it doesn't feel like this is just about the referendum anymore.

:09:58.:10:05.

It feels now like you are all setting out some kind

:10:06.:10:07.

of alternative Tory vision for after the referendum.

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After we vote leave on June the 23rd, it will be up

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to the Government to take back control of not just immigration

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policy, but obviously of huge sums of money, of our ability to set out

:10:17.:10:20.

So you are setting out an alternative vision

:10:21.:10:23.

for a very different sounding kind of government?

:10:24.:10:25.

Priti, why don't you answer this question?

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Just about sticking to the script - at least for now.

:10:30.:10:35.

But depending on what you decide in three weeks,

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So what impact would these plans have on UK immigration?

:10:39.:10:46.

Latest figures show net migration - that's the difference

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between the number of those arriving and the number of those leaving -

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That includes 184,000 people from EU countries,

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who already come in under a points-based system.

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As we've heard, Leave campaigners want that system extended

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But what effect would such a scheme have on employers and employees?

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Here's our chief correspondent, Gavin Hewitt.

:11:15.:11:20.

For those coming to our shores from the EU, these proposals

:11:21.:11:24.

would mark a fundamental change to migration into the UK.

:11:25.:11:27.

EU citizens would no longer just travel here for work.

:11:28.:11:31.

They would have to pass a series of tests.

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Some businesses, like this Bangladeshi restaurant in Kent,

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They say they can't get the skilled chefs they want from Bangladesh

:11:39.:11:44.

They want a system of migration that doesn't favour Europeans.

:11:45.:11:51.

I welcome any fairer immigration policy.

:11:52.:11:56.

But I believe the British immigration policy is unfair,

:11:57.:12:00.

and one for the British citizen for non-European.

:12:01.:12:10.

Currently, EU citizens have the automatic right

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Non-EU citizens face a series of hurdles.

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They have to be high-value workers with job offers,

:12:17.:12:19.

EU citizens would lose their automatic right to come here.

:12:20.:12:28.

awarded for needed skills, an available job, and English.

:12:29.:12:36.

But some businesses are fiercely opposed to the plans.

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This is a large lettuce farm in Kent.

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It depends on unskilled workers from the EU -

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100 staff, mainly migrants from Romania.

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Without them, the business would struggle.

:12:50.:12:52.

I believe in patrolling the borders and policing

:12:53.:12:54.

the borders, but when it comes to the horticultural sector

:12:55.:12:57.

it requires a high percentage of unskilled workers.

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So what would happen if the unskilled workers couldn't

:13:04.:13:08.

Well, we've tried in the past to recruit from the local Jobcentres

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I would seriously worry for the future of my business.

:13:13.:13:16.

This proposed points system would signify a break

:13:17.:13:18.

with the principle of freedom of movement, and that would raise

:13:19.:13:20.

doubts about continued access to the single market.

:13:21.:13:24.

And it's far from clear what impact the system would have on

:13:25.:13:28.

Points-based systems have traditionally been used to increase,

:13:29.:13:34.

That said, any system that imposed new restrictions on EU citizens,

:13:35.:13:44.

whether that's a points-based system or another form of selection,

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would be expected to reduce the numbers

:13:47.:13:48.

There was not much detail in today's proposal,

:13:49.:13:51.

but the Leave campaign believes promises to restore control over

:13:52.:13:53.

Our deputy political editor, John Pienaar, is in Westminster.

:13:54.:14:09.

John, a big focus on the Leave campaign today, what sort of shape

:14:10.:14:17.

is it in? We have seen how the Leave site have been playing what they see

:14:18.:14:20.

as their trump card of migration control. The opinion polls suggested

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may all be to play for. Both sides are telling me that the Leave side

:14:25.:14:29.

has the stronger ground campaign, the door knockers to get the vote

:14:30.:14:33.

out, and they are daring to dream. Look at the way David Cameron has

:14:34.:14:36.

had to listen to Cabinet colleagues setting up what looks like an

:14:37.:14:42.

alternative manifesto outside the EU. That may be tough for him to

:14:43.:14:46.

hear. A big vote to remain would be his biggest win and his biggest

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gamble. A narrow vote to stay, he could be a lame duck. To leave, he

:14:53.:14:57.

would be a dead one. How is the Remain camp reacting to the fact

:14:58.:15:03.

that Leave is the focus today? Well, the Remain side may feel they have

:15:04.:15:07.

the best of it, some of the campaigners do sound a little

:15:08.:15:12.

nervous, though, they feel they are on top of the crossfire of sound

:15:13.:15:15.

bites on the bulletins. We have had the Spanish president warning

:15:16.:15:20.

against a vote to leave the EU, the president of the EU council trying

:15:21.:15:23.

to settle there is of a threat to British sovereignty by saying that

:15:24.:15:27.

integration is a utopian dream, so that effort is also being made.

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There is a long way to go, and we have seen that as far as they are

:15:33.:15:42.

concerned, they win the economic argument with George Osborne, the

:15:43.:15:44.

Chancellor, writing directly to the Leave side, challenging them to set

:15:45.:15:47.

up that is a British trade outside the EU. But look at the opinion

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polls, look at the money going down and the bookmakers, and it is a

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brave punter who will vote on the outcome -- bet on the outcome.

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There's more analysis of the facts behind the claims

:15:58.:15:59.

on both sides of the referendum debate on the BBC website.

:16:00.:16:02.

A brief look at some of the day's other news stories.

:16:03.:16:12.

Activists in northern Syria say armed groups, backed by the US,

:16:13.:16:15.

have opened up a new front against positions held by so-called

:16:16.:16:18.

Islamic State in a crucial swathe of territory adjoining

:16:19.:16:20.

The offensive, by a Kurdish-led alliance, is directed at an area

:16:21.:16:26.

The aim is to cut IS access to Turkish border areas,

:16:27.:16:32.

which the jihadists have long used to bring foreign

:16:33.:16:34.

The US presidential hopeful, Donald Trump, is to visit Scotland

:16:35.:16:45.

later this month for the official reopening of his Trump

:16:46.:16:47.

Turnberry golf course, which he bought in 2014.

:16:48.:16:49.

The man expected to become the Republican nominee will attend

:16:50.:16:51.

a ceremonial ribbon-cutting on the 24th June 24th -

:16:52.:17:00.

Police in Kent, investigating an alleged breach of spending rules

:17:01.:17:04.

by the Conservative Party in last year's general election,

:17:05.:17:06.

have been given more time to complete their enquiries.

:17:07.:17:08.

They now have an additional 12 months to examine spending

:17:09.:17:12.

in the Thanet South constituency following a successful

:17:13.:17:14.

17 police forces have received or applied for extensions

:17:15.:17:19.

to investigate whether expenses generated by activists on a campaign

:17:20.:17:22.

A former Sunday school teacher, considered to be one of Britain's

:17:23.:17:33.

most prolific paedophiles, is facing a life sentence

:17:34.:17:36.

for a catalogue of abuse against children in Malaysia.

:17:37.:17:40.

Richard Huckle, who's 30 and from Ashford in Kent,

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He posted thousands of pictures and videos of his victims

:17:43.:17:48.

on an encrypted part of the internet.

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Our correspondent, Angus Crawford, reports.

:17:53.:17:56.

He was a Sunday school teacher, a friend to their families

:17:57.:18:01.

Richard Huckle sought out children in the poorest

:18:02.:18:10.

He took them on days out, bought them food, gained their trust.

:18:11.:18:21.

But it's also the way he got close to this girl,

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He took videos of me naked and I told him I wanted

:18:27.:18:32.

I didn't realise what he was doing because I was only three years old.

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I don't want him to come back to Malaysia.

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He targeted the vulnerable, getting to know them,

:18:44.:18:52.

staying in the slums for days on end.

:18:53.:18:57.

Huckle was often at this woman's home, she suspected nothing,

:18:58.:19:02.

but she says when her granddaughter was just 12 he asked

:19:03.:19:05.

Here he is in a promotional video for the British Council.

:19:06.:19:19.

He went to charities and orphanages where he helped out

:19:20.:19:21.

We can't show the other entries, that day he brought one

:19:22.:19:33.

A pattern emerged - days out, always with a camera,

:19:34.:19:40.

the children called him 'uncle', but all too often it was

:19:41.:19:43.

All that was captured on film, tens of thousands

:19:44.:19:50.

He then posted them in secret forums on the so-called 'dark web'.

:19:51.:20:03.

Huckle also wrote a self-help guide for other would-be abusers called,

:20:04.:20:06.

It's not often that you get intimate access inside a police sting that

:20:07.:20:10.

He was finally identified by police in Australia,

:20:11.:20:15.

in one of the biggest ever investigations into sex offenders

:20:16.:20:20.

Paul Griffiths is a former British detective, now

:20:21.:20:26.

How great a danger did he pose to children?

:20:27.:20:32.

If he hadn't been arrested, if he hadn't of been

:20:33.:20:35.

taken out of circulation, then he would still be offending

:20:36.:20:37.

And, he certainly struck me as the kind of person

:20:38.:20:41.

who would make the most of any opportunity that arose.

:20:42.:20:43.

So if he had the opportunity to offend against a child,

:20:44.:20:46.

Huckle's victims are left traumatised.

:20:47.:20:52.

Abused by a man who said he'd come to help them.

:20:53.:20:54.

He used his faith to seek them out and then betrayed them.

:20:55.:21:02.

He's pleaded guilty, but there are still many other

:21:03.:21:06.

I think there are two really significant questions. Both of those

:21:07.:21:13.

are for the National Crime Agency. Britain's National Crime Agency. The

:21:14.:21:17.

first is, how much other unidentified victims are there out

:21:18.:21:20.

there? We know that Huckle travelled widely of he came back to this

:21:21.:21:24.

country. He had access to children and he attended churches. The second

:21:25.:21:28.

question equally important is - how many other offenders are there out

:21:29.:21:33.

there, uncaught, directed connected to him? The NCA says it knows of

:21:34.:21:38.

none. I've learnt from that Australian unit you saw in the

:21:39.:21:41.

report that identified Huckle on the so-called dark net that it

:21:42.:21:45.

identified other British offendersers, perhaps 20 or 30. It

:21:46.:21:49.

passed that information on to the National Crime Agency. I spoke to

:21:50.:21:55.

the Agency tonight it says that it always investigates all such

:21:56.:21:56.

intelligence. OK, Angus, thank you. French search teams

:21:57.:22:07.

in the Mediterranean have confirmed that they've detected signals

:22:08.:22:09.

from a black box data recorder from the EgyptAir flight

:22:10.:22:11.

which crashed two weeks ago. It's expected to provide vital

:22:12.:22:15.

information on why the Airbus A320, from Paris to Cairo,

:22:16.:22:18.

went down off the Egyptian coast, Our correspondent, Orla Guerin,

:22:19.:22:21.

reports from Cairo. After less than 24-hours

:22:22.:22:26.

in the water, this acoustic probe picked up a signal from one

:22:27.:22:30.

of the plane's black boxes. Experts on this French naval vessel

:22:31.:22:36.

say this is the first step. If the flight recorders are found

:22:37.:22:40.

intact, the next challenge will be Two weeks on, relatives of the 66

:22:41.:22:43.

passengers and crew are desperate are desperate for information -

:22:44.:23:01.

was it sabotage or The crash has caused a sense

:23:02.:23:03.

of loss acrosses Egypt. The grief is compounded

:23:04.:23:07.

by the unanswered questions. It's still unclear what caused

:23:08.:23:09.

EgyptAir flight 804 If this was an act of terrorism,

:23:10.:23:11.

no group has claimed responsibility. Since the disaster, people here have

:23:12.:23:20.

been mourning for the victims and worrying about the impact

:23:21.:23:23.

of this latest blow to Egypt. For staff at the national airline,

:23:24.:23:28.

the pain is personal. They're our colleagues,

:23:29.:23:32.

brothers and sisters. The anguish in Egypt

:23:33.:23:35.

is echoed in France, French officials here say Paris

:23:36.:23:49.

and Cairo are working closely together and the mystery of flight

:23:50.:23:57.

804 will be solved. I am, myself, I'm very

:23:58.:24:15.

confident that, in the end, we will know the truth

:24:16.:24:17.

about what happened. One should be very cautious and not

:24:18.:24:19.

jump to any conclusions so far. I think that all options

:24:20.:24:22.

are still open. The bereaved are now looking

:24:23.:24:24.

to the black boxes, hoping they will shed light

:24:25.:24:27.

on the disaster that unfolded, Germany has set out plans today

:24:28.:24:29.

for anti-terrorism reforms, including closer secret service

:24:30.:24:41.

co-operation with other countries. Its security chief has told the BBC

:24:42.:24:45.

that radical Islamists are trying He says Germany is a target

:24:46.:24:48.

for so-called Islamic State and that an attack could happen

:24:49.:24:54.

there at any time. Our Europe editor, Katya Adler,

:24:55.:24:56.

reports from Germany. We've seen horror in Paris,

:24:57.:24:58.

mass bloodshed in Brussels. Terror chiefs across Europe warned

:24:59.:25:06.

there will be more. Now, Berlin worries

:25:07.:25:10.

it could be next. Germany's intelligence chief told me

:25:11.:25:15.

the danger is acute. TRANSLATION: An attack can

:25:16.:25:18.

happen here at any moment. We get regular intelligence

:25:19.:25:22.

of terror attacks being It does worry me that attempts

:25:23.:25:24.

are being made to radicalise Traditionally, the German

:25:25.:25:30.

authorities say they've kept the small radical Islamist scene

:25:31.:25:37.

here under tight control, but with the sudden arrival last

:25:38.:25:41.

year of tens of thousands of young Muslim men,

:25:42.:25:44.

there's concern here about parallel societies springing up

:25:45.:25:50.

and of the radicals already here trying to groom

:25:51.:25:52.

the most vulnerable. Syed is Syrian, his hometown

:25:53.:25:55.

was taken over by so-called Islamic State and so he fled

:25:56.:25:59.

to Germany, but just recently He's asked us to conceal his

:26:00.:26:04.

identity to protect his family TRANSLATION: Two guys stopped me

:26:05.:26:08.

and asked a lot of questions. They asked me where I pray and said

:26:09.:26:13.

that Germany wasn't a good place, They said they could support me

:26:14.:26:26.

with money or accommodation. I felt uncomfortable,

:26:27.:26:30.

but managed to get away. I know this behaviour

:26:31.:26:32.

from back home, the idea They're always looking

:26:33.:26:34.

for people like me. Germany has already had a number

:26:35.:26:37.

of small scale attacks and narrow escapes, such

:26:38.:26:40.

as this night in November. The German Chancellor,

:26:41.:26:42.

Angela Merkel, was about to arrive at the packed Hanover football

:26:43.:26:44.

stadium before it was evacuated on concrete intelligence

:26:45.:26:46.

of a terrorist attack, Germany is introducing what it

:26:47.:26:48.

calls its integration law, to try to prevent the deepening

:26:49.:26:53.

of a parallel society TRANSLATION: The refugees don't

:26:54.:26:56.

speak German, they don't understand our culture and the radical

:26:57.:27:05.

Islamists are clever. They try to infiltrate refugee

:27:06.:27:08.

centres pretending to be In an area locally referred

:27:09.:27:11.

to as 'little Istanbul', we met Imam, who works as part

:27:12.:27:22.

of a violence prevention programme. TRANSLATION: Racism

:27:23.:27:26.

and Islamophobia are on the rise because of the migration crisis

:27:27.:27:30.

and that can provoke radicalism. There is only a tiny percentage

:27:31.:27:37.

of people who sympathies with violence, but you don't need

:27:38.:27:39.

many, just one or two Germany's government

:27:40.:27:42.

has opened a dialogue with the country's mosques,

:27:43.:27:49.

it needs their help This is a country that once proudly

:27:50.:27:51.

described itself as multi-cultural, but now the extremes on the edges

:27:52.:27:58.

of society threaten to pull The world's longest and deepest rail

:27:59.:28:01.

tunnel has officially opened in Switzerland,

:28:02.:28:16.

after almost two decades The 35-mile twin-bore Gotthard base

:28:17.:28:18.

tunnel will provide a high-speed rail link under the Swiss Alps

:28:19.:28:23.

between northern and southern Switzerland says it'll

:28:24.:28:25.

revolutionise European Goods currently carried on the route

:28:26.:28:32.

by a million lorries a year The new route was formally opened

:28:33.:28:36.

as two trains set off in opposite directions through the tunnel,

:28:37.:28:43.

each carrying hundreds of guests The earliest-known handwritten

:28:44.:28:45.

documents in Britain have been discovered in the heart

:28:46.:28:49.

of the City of London. More than 400 Roman tablets,

:28:50.:28:52.

which were used for correspondence and as legal documents,

:28:53.:28:54.

were unearthed in an archaeological dig just yards from

:28:55.:28:59.

the Bank of England. It's just a tiny piece of wood,

:29:00.:29:00.

but those scratches, L-O-N-D, it's an address,

:29:01.:29:22.

the first-ever mention This, Britain's oldest financial

:29:23.:29:24.

transaction, and it all comes These are the first

:29:25.:29:27.

written documents. And they were found deep

:29:28.:29:44.

in the ground, just down the road from what is now

:29:45.:29:50.

the Bank of England. NEWREEL: The remains of a Roman

:29:51.:29:52.

temple have been uncovered near the Mansion House

:29:53.:29:55.

in the City of London. In the 50s, this site was famous

:29:56.:29:57.

across the world, but time A short reprieve has

:29:58.:30:00.

given archaeologists a few more days, but soon

:30:01.:30:11.

a block of offices will cover this glimpse

:30:12.:30:14.

of London's ancient past. 50 years on, another redevelopment

:30:15.:30:16.

has allowed a second dig. Thousands of artefacts including

:30:17.:30:18.

the writing tablets. The Romans wrote by scratching words

:30:19.:30:22.

into wax and, occasionally, they scratched too deeply,

:30:23.:30:24.

and they left marks in the wood. It has taken hours of work

:30:25.:30:27.

to decipher the marks "Per forum totum", through the whole

:30:28.:30:29.

marketplace, "reantur"... It seems to be an ill-judged

:30:30.:30:34.

investment, the first bad loan in the history

:30:35.:30:40.

of the City of London. Some of those tablets appear to be

:30:41.:30:43.

legal documents, so it's possibly the first building we can identify

:30:44.:30:53.

in London as the first office and possibly it's a lawyer's

:30:54.:30:59.

office. A window, then, on Frontier London,

:31:00.:31:01.

the Roman Empire's Wild West when Mogontius in London was,

:31:02.:31:03.

it appears, all you Newsnight is coming up

:31:04.:31:06.

on BBC Two, here's Evan. With that new investigation

:31:07.:31:15.

announced into the tragic Birmingham pub bombings,

:31:16.:31:17.

we'll ask what an inquest can really hope to achieve four decades

:31:18.:31:20.

on or are we expecting too much Join me now on BBC Two,

:31:21.:31:23.

11.00pm in Scotland. Here, on BBC One, it's time

:31:24.:31:32.

for the news where you are.

:31:33.:31:33.

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