Browse content similar to 08/05/2014. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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MUSIC PLAYS. insists the mass abduction of | :00:00. | :00:07. | |
Good evening, it is three long weeks since Islamist rebels abducted the | :00:08. | :01:19. | |
Nigerian schoolgirls, and today the country's President asserts, without | :01:20. | :01:22. | |
any evidence, that the kidnap would be the beginning of the end of | :01:23. | :01:29. | |
terrorism in nigh goria. Goodluck Jonathan was | :01:30. | :01:32. | |
terrorism in nigh goria. Goodluck Economic Forum and buoyed by | :01:33. | :01:35. | |
logistic and intelligence support from Britain, China, France and the | :01:36. | :01:39. | |
United States, to help find the girls before they are sold or | :01:40. | :01:42. | |
murdered by their captors, Boko Haram. Nigeria's record in | :01:43. | :01:46. | |
combatting the terrorist group has so far been woeful. | :01:47. | :01:57. | |
All we have is Nair names, the 200 abducted schoolgirls. Their | :01:58. | :02:01. | |
disappearance has suddenly pushed a long-running campaign of violence by | :02:02. | :02:05. | |
Boko Haram to the top of the international agenda. Today the | :02:06. | :02:10. | |
President of Nigeria dramatically declared this meant his country had | :02:11. | :02:16. | |
reached a turning point. I believe that the kidnap of these girls will | :02:17. | :02:21. | |
be the beginning of the end of terror in nigh goria. Under heavy -- | :02:22. | :02:28. | |
Nigeria. Under heavy criticism, the Nigerian Government says it is ready | :02:29. | :02:32. | |
for action, perhaps, with western support. I can tell you at least two | :02:33. | :02:37. | |
divisions of the Nigerian army were added to the fighting force in order | :02:38. | :02:43. | |
to augment the operational capabilities of the military since | :02:44. | :02:46. | |
the girls were abducted. But, with all this attention and even the | :02:47. | :02:50. | |
possibility of troops going in really offer any chance of resolving | :02:51. | :02:57. | |
a long standing and growing crisis? Even this week the violence | :02:58. | :03:02. | |
escalated, as many as 300 killed in a remote village by Boko Haram. One | :03:03. | :03:09. | |
eyewitness told Newsnight. The attackers came, the Nigerian | :03:10. | :03:11. | |
military ran to the bush. Boko Haram was founded in 2002, but | :03:12. | :03:46. | |
its campaign of violence has been escalating over the last five years, | :03:47. | :03:50. | |
killing thousands. It was this video of the leader on Monday boasting in | :03:51. | :03:55. | |
an almost manic fashion of kidnapping 200 girls and saying he | :03:56. | :04:00. | |
intended to sell them, that brought international attention. The group | :04:01. | :04:02. | |
believes women should not be at school and should be married, even | :04:03. | :04:09. | |
as slaves. This goes to the heart of Boko Haram's ideology, its name | :04:10. | :04:14. | |
loosely translated means "western education is forbidden". It is the | :04:15. | :04:18. | |
Taliban of Nigeria, wanting to purge the region of outside foreign | :04:19. | :04:23. | |
influence, and enforce Islamic rule. The girls were taken from the | :04:24. | :04:28. | |
village of Chibok, Boko Haram's violence has been centered on the | :04:29. | :04:31. | |
north-east of the country, where three states are under emergency | :04:32. | :04:34. | |
rule. The group support is deeply rooted in the local grievances of | :04:35. | :04:40. | |
the region. Its sense of alienation of the capital which is seen as | :04:41. | :04:44. | |
Christian and corrupt. At times the violence has been spectacular, like | :04:45. | :04:49. | |
this bombing of a UN building. While there are some ideolgical and | :04:50. | :04:52. | |
operational links to Al-Qaeda in the region, this is a Nigerian problem. | :04:53. | :04:57. | |
In spite of tactical links between Boko Haram and Al-Qaeda in North | :04:58. | :05:03. | |
Africa, Boko Haram is a Nigeria-focussed group. It is not | :05:04. | :05:07. | |
just religion driving the violence that drives Boko Haram, it is a wide | :05:08. | :05:10. | |
array of social and economic problems that have been troubling | :05:11. | :05:13. | |
the north of Nigeria for a very long time. Boko Haram has been growing | :05:14. | :05:19. | |
increasingly bold, up to 50 boys were slaughtered at a school in | :05:20. | :05:24. | |
February, 88 were then killed by car bombs in the capital in April. It | :05:25. | :05:29. | |
was the abduction of the girls that led to protests, a campaign on | :05:30. | :05:32. | |
social media and the west insisting on helping. Diplomats here at the | :05:33. | :05:38. | |
Foreign Office, as well as in Washington spent three weeks trying | :05:39. | :05:42. | |
to pressure the Nigerians to accept outside help. Nigeria is a proud | :05:43. | :05:46. | |
country, which sees itself as the economic powerhouse of Africa. And | :05:47. | :05:52. | |
when those small teams of western experts arrive, they may struggle to | :05:53. | :05:55. | |
have much impact. As well as helping in the search for the girls, I'm | :05:56. | :05:58. | |
told they will also be trying to persuade the Nigerians to adopt a | :05:59. | :06:03. | |
more nuanced counter insurgency strategy, one that tries to win over | :06:04. | :06:07. | |
the local population in the north, and not just use some of the brutal | :06:08. | :06:12. | |
military tactics employed in the past. | :06:13. | :06:16. | |
Western officials privately say the Nigerian Government lacks competence | :06:17. | :06:20. | |
and is poorly co-ordinated, and they fear another brutal crackdown in the | :06:21. | :06:23. | |
north. This will do nothing to deal with the underlying problems | :06:24. | :06:27. | |
according to one person who has tried negotiating with Boko Haram. | :06:28. | :06:37. | |
Many people in the north are as much disenchanted with the security | :06:38. | :06:41. | |
forces as they are with the insurgents. What is very clear is | :06:42. | :06:47. | |
that in this kind of war you cannot win it if you don't carry the people | :06:48. | :06:52. | |
along. If the people have been suffering the consequences of the | :06:53. | :06:57. | |
intervention by security forces and I think the whole battle has been | :06:58. | :07:01. | |
left for the security forces, which is very difficult to fight. With | :07:02. | :07:08. | |
reports tonight of troops and helicopters in the Chibok region, | :07:09. | :07:13. | |
Nigeria clearly feels it now has to be seen to be doing something. But | :07:14. | :07:16. | |
the question is, what it will end up doing? And whether it will work? | :07:17. | :07:25. | |
We're joined now by the Nigerian Interior Minister, and he's in Ghana | :07:26. | :07:31. | |
in Accra where he's attending a seminar on the environment. | :07:32. | :07:35. | |
Minister, first of all, Goodluck Jonathan insists this is a turning | :07:36. | :07:38. | |
point in dealing with terrorism, you have got absolutely no evidence to | :07:39. | :07:46. | |
back this up? Sorry? There is no evidence to back up your President's | :07:47. | :07:50. | |
assertion that this is a turning point for terrorism? Well the reason | :07:51. | :07:59. | |
that Mr President insists that this is a turning point and the beginning | :08:00. | :08:09. | |
of the end of the insurgent activities in the parts of Nigeria | :08:10. | :08:14. | |
and the north, is the fact that for every situation there is usually a | :08:15. | :08:18. | |
turning point, and the abduction of these ladies, innocent, defenceless | :08:19. | :08:23. | |
ladies, preparing for their examinations, certainly presented a | :08:24. | :08:28. | |
further impetuous for everybody to get involved in the process of | :08:29. | :08:33. | |
ending, not just the abduction of innocent citizens, but ending this | :08:34. | :08:43. | |
terror war in Nigeria. That assertion is not misplaced, because | :08:44. | :08:47. | |
everybody in Nigeria is galvanised, there is a near consensus amongst | :08:48. | :08:53. | |
all the Governments and leaders, is definitely this will have to end, | :08:54. | :08:56. | |
this madless will have to end, and the Government is mobilising every | :08:57. | :09:02. | |
support. You are saying now it is galvanising action, but of course | :09:03. | :09:05. | |
there has not been a concerted effort against Boko Haram in the | :09:06. | :09:08. | |
past. Even this week on Monday when up to 300 people were killed, ones | :09:09. | :09:16. | |
tensably for helping -- ostensibly for helping military forces, the | :09:17. | :09:21. | |
military forces themselves ran away, we heard a witness say. How is this | :09:22. | :09:27. | |
dealing with the situation? Well I think it is an unfair comment on the | :09:28. | :09:33. | |
Government to say that this Government has not seriously dealt | :09:34. | :09:39. | |
with the issue of Boko Haram. A series of arrests have been made, a | :09:40. | :09:42. | |
series of activities have been carried out in the recent past that | :09:43. | :09:47. | |
has gradually decimated the rank and file of the insurgents and the | :09:48. | :09:55. | |
insurgents have been driven from virtually out of the country and up | :09:56. | :09:58. | |
to the north-east of the country. Of course some of the leading | :09:59. | :10:03. | |
commanders of the insurgents have been taking out. I think it is | :10:04. | :10:07. | |
unfair to say that nothing has been done. What has happened in the | :10:08. | :10:13. | |
recent past is the resurgence of guerrilla-like attacks on soft, | :10:14. | :10:16. | |
vulnerable spots. Of course you are aware that this Government and the | :10:17. | :10:20. | |
security agencies have responded very promptly to such attacks when | :10:21. | :10:25. | |
they are called. You haven't responded quickly, you | :10:26. | :10:29. | |
have been offered international help for the last three weeks. The US | :10:30. | :10:33. | |
have been offered international help the UK have been pleading to come | :10:34. | :10:37. | |
have been offered international help Goodluck Jonathan has said they can | :10:38. | :10:38. | |
come Goodluck Jonathan has said they can | :10:39. | :10:43. | |
action. You are being forced to do Goodluck Jonathan has said they can | :10:44. | :10:47. | |
this because of the international attention? I tell you something your | :10:48. | :10:53. | |
question is predicated on misinformation. I can tell you from | :10:54. | :11:00. | |
the beginning this Government and of the federal country of Nigeria, Dr | :11:01. | :11:04. | |
Goodluck Jonathan, has highlighted an issue that terrorism was alien to | :11:05. | :11:11. | |
our culture and it was an imported phenomenon that required a global | :11:12. | :11:15. | |
attack. Of course that terrorism has no boundaries is nothing new. The | :11:16. | :11:18. | |
fundamentalism in the north-east and the northern part of Nigeria that | :11:19. | :11:24. | |
has precipitated this action, that western education is a sin, | :11:25. | :11:30. | |
certainly is not in tandem with the modern trends. All along I can tell | :11:31. | :11:34. | |
you this that a series of meetings have been held with the | :11:35. | :11:36. | |
international community and other countries. We have been to our | :11:37. | :11:44. | |
neighbouring countries of Niger and Chad all to ensure a containment of | :11:45. | :11:48. | |
the situation. A series of agreements have been reached with | :11:49. | :11:51. | |
the neighbouring countries and, I can tell you this, there is no time | :11:52. | :11:56. | |
that any offer of assistance has been offered. We have sought for | :11:57. | :11:59. | |
assistance to curb this insurgency based on the experiences of friendly | :12:00. | :12:04. | |
countries. Minister I just want to make one final point. Way back last | :12:05. | :12:10. | |
year, just a moment, way back last year, the state department of the | :12:11. | :12:14. | |
United States of America offered to introduce a technology hub on our | :12:15. | :12:19. | |
borders to secure our borders to prevent illegal entry, especially | :12:20. | :12:24. | |
these people are perpetrators of this violence. The Ministry of | :12:25. | :12:28. | |
Interior has been working with the state department officials of the | :12:29. | :12:33. | |
United States of America since last year to restore this technology. It | :12:34. | :12:37. | |
is not true to say that Nigeria has to refuse international assistance. | :12:38. | :12:41. | |
What I was pointing out is what we were told in the last three weeks | :12:42. | :12:44. | |
they have been want to go give help and only now that help has been | :12:45. | :12:48. | |
accepted. Can I ask a final question. If it takes US troops, | :12:49. | :12:54. | |
special force, SAS from the UK, will they have a free hand in your | :12:55. | :12:59. | |
country to do anything they have to do to secure the release of these | :13:00. | :13:04. | |
girls? At the moment what is going on is the fact that the United | :13:05. | :13:09. | |
States of America and some other friendly countries, the UK and | :13:10. | :13:14. | |
France and Kenya and neighbouring countries of Cameroon, Niger and | :13:15. | :13:23. | |
Chad have offered to assist Nigeria with their experience. When they | :13:24. | :13:30. | |
come they will work in conjunction with the security agencies of | :13:31. | :13:34. | |
Nigeria to bring to an end the madness taking part in that part of | :13:35. | :13:39. | |
the country. I want to say this, the casualties and activities bandied | :13:40. | :13:43. | |
around are certainly not correct. I assure you the military commander in | :13:44. | :13:48. | |
Nigeria are providing adequate information. Thank you very much | :13:49. | :13:52. | |
indeed. The US pharmaceutical giant, Pfizer | :13:53. | :13:56. | |
is still in full pursuit of AstraZeneca, despite the British | :13:57. | :14:00. | |
company's rebuff. Labour has been pushing the Government hard over a | :14:01. | :14:03. | |
deal they say puts British jobs and British science at risk. But did Ed | :14:04. | :14:07. | |
Miliband come rather late to the party? Much later than he likes to | :14:08. | :14:13. | |
make out. I'm joined by our chief correspondent. | :14:14. | :14:15. | |
First of all what have we learned about Ed Miliband? This is slightly | :14:16. | :14:19. | |
awkward. The language from Labour has been pushing the Government for | :14:20. | :14:22. | |
a full assessment of the deal. Perhaps even a change in the law in | :14:23. | :14:25. | |
order to do so. We have been told that in fact about ten days ago, in | :14:26. | :14:29. | |
fact on the day the potential deal was confirmed that the chief | :14:30. | :14:33. | |
executive of Pfizer, the American company, wrote at some length to Ed | :14:34. | :14:37. | |
Miliband offering to come and have a meeting with him to explain his | :14:38. | :14:41. | |
version of the bid, to talk about it, to discuss it, its potential | :14:42. | :14:46. | |
rewards and obviously the potential risks and Ed Miliband, given that | :14:47. | :14:50. | |
chance, actually turned it down. And frankly, in a surprisingly short | :14:51. | :14:53. | |
letter from his Chief of Staff, which we can have a look at now, he | :14:54. | :14:59. | |
wrote to him basically saying he was too busy. "Dear Mr Reid, the chief | :15:00. | :15:03. | |
executive of the country. Thank you for your letter, we are entering a | :15:04. | :15:08. | |
preelectrical period here in the UK. This will make a meeting with Ed | :15:09. | :15:13. | |
very difficu because he's out campaigning at this time." At that | :15:14. | :15:17. | |
stage they were happy to leave it to the Shadow Business Secretary to | :15:18. | :15:19. | |
have conversations with Pfizer in the UK. At best it looks like Ed | :15:20. | :15:23. | |
Miliband was trying to distance himself, and there are good reasons | :15:24. | :15:27. | |
for doing that. Or perhaps they miscalculated the importance of this | :15:28. | :15:31. | |
deal. The biggest potentially ever of its kind. At worst it looks like | :15:32. | :15:36. | |
he was waiting for the bandwagon to catch up and jumped on as it passed. | :15:37. | :15:40. | |
Miraculously tonight he has told us he will try to meet Ian Read | :15:41. | :15:46. | |
afterall next week, but now it seems like a good idea. Now it might be | :15:47. | :15:50. | |
too late, do we know what are the chances of the deal? What seems very | :15:51. | :15:56. | |
likely is I have talked to one of the top ten shareholders from | :15:57. | :16:00. | |
AstraZeneca, the hunted, they say they fully expect the American | :16:01. | :16:04. | |
company to up their bid beyond the ?63 billion, but they are not | :16:05. | :16:07. | |
convinced at all that will mean it will go ahead. The way they phrased | :16:08. | :16:12. | |
it to me, "it has just landed badly", this whole thing. Much of | :16:13. | :16:16. | |
the science community is against the idea. But the two chief executives | :16:17. | :16:19. | |
will be up against MPs next week, both coming here. This is moving | :16:20. | :16:22. | |
very fast, things could change significantly even before then. | :16:23. | :16:28. | |
One of the final frontiers of female equality is the Armed Forces. Women | :16:29. | :16:32. | |
soldiers are already on the frontline providing logistical and | :16:33. | :16:35. | |
intelligence support and bomb disposal. But should they be | :16:36. | :16:38. | |
fighting alongside their male colleagues? The Government isn't | :16:39. | :16:42. | |
sure but wants to decide. Today announcing that their review of the | :16:43. | :16:46. | |
ban on women in close combat roles is to be brought forward. If they | :16:47. | :16:49. | |
are looking for change, they won't get it without a fight. Former Chief | :16:50. | :16:55. | |
of Staff Lord Dannett will have no truck with asking women soldiers to | :16:56. | :16:59. | |
kill. In my judgment the point of principle overrides what women might | :17:00. | :17:04. | |
or might not wish to do. To be in a unit given orders to attack a hill, | :17:05. | :17:07. | |
town or village, that is a role not for women. If a woman is in a combat | :17:08. | :17:15. | |
logistic patrol taking supplies forward and gets caught up in | :17:16. | :17:18. | |
fighting and does well that is tremendous, there is a different set | :17:19. | :17:21. | |
of circumstances from the one I'm decribing, there is a point of | :17:22. | :17:24. | |
principle there, it is an important one for people to reflect upon. Is | :17:25. | :17:30. | |
he right, with me is my guest, the most senior woman in the British | :17:31. | :17:34. | |
Army after a retirement after 27 years, and from Toronto the first | :17:35. | :17:40. | |
woman to command an all-male field force squadron. Good evening to both | :17:41. | :17:46. | |
of you. Is Richard Dannett right, it is not a role for women close | :17:47. | :17:53. | |
combat? I absolutely respect the operational views of Lord Dannett, | :17:54. | :18:03. | |
but I do disagree on his observations that it is no place for | :18:04. | :18:09. | |
women. In my experience no man is sent into battle without extensive | :18:10. | :18:14. | |
training, both as an individual and also within a combat team. You feel | :18:15. | :18:22. | |
that women can be snipers and do close-to-close combat and wield | :18:23. | :18:25. | |
bayonets? I think women should be judged on the basis of their | :18:26. | :18:28. | |
capability, not on the basis of their gender. And therefore, if | :18:29. | :18:32. | |
women want to step up to the challenge of service in the combat | :18:33. | :18:40. | |
arms, and not sure why their gender should exclude them. Surely women | :18:41. | :18:44. | |
are as capable as men? Women certainly have the courage of men | :18:45. | :18:47. | |
and it is nothing to do with that, and there are American aspects there | :18:48. | :18:51. | |
that I don't agree with Richard Dannett, but we are not the same. We | :18:52. | :18:55. | |
do not have the same physical capability of men. And I am | :18:56. | :19:01. | |
concerned that the standards of physical fitness will be reduced for | :19:02. | :19:04. | |
reasons of gender equality. And you know the British Army has a | :19:05. | :19:08. | |
reputation of being one of the best and the fittest in the world and I | :19:09. | :19:14. | |
would hate to think that to include women those standards are reduced. | :19:15. | :19:20. | |
So the standards are reduced? Does that mean you think for example that | :19:21. | :19:24. | |
the effectiveness of a unit could be compromised if women's physical | :19:25. | :19:27. | |
fitness, as you see it, was not sufficient to the mens'? Absolutely. | :19:28. | :19:32. | |
Absolutely. Yes, I mean you know we're talking about women having to | :19:33. | :19:37. | |
carry, or an infantry soldier having to carry a back of perhaps 65s can, | :19:38. | :19:46. | |
there is kgs. There is a case of a woman in America serving in both | :19:47. | :19:49. | |
Iraq and Afghanistan and has suffered permanent physical damage | :19:50. | :19:52. | |
because of the weights that she had to carry over an extended period. | :19:53. | :19:56. | |
And I think we have to accept that women do a fantastic job in so many | :19:57. | :20:00. | |
roles, yes they are on the frontline, and yes they do a good | :20:01. | :20:03. | |
job and there are very good careers for them, but I do not believe in | :20:04. | :20:09. | |
that. You say even carrier the pack was too much for us, even the roles | :20:10. | :20:13. | |
performed just now can be detrimental to their health? We are | :20:14. | :20:18. | |
talking about infantry soldiers having to carry those packs. Let me | :20:19. | :20:24. | |
put that back here, women are not physically as capable as men for | :20:25. | :20:28. | |
soldiering? I don't understand this line of argument. The last review | :20:29. | :20:32. | |
that was carried out by the Ministry of Defence in 2010 didn't actually | :20:33. | :20:37. | |
have significant concerns about the strength of women, the issue was | :20:38. | :20:46. | |
about team dynamics. Look at our female olympians, who wants to get | :20:47. | :20:51. | |
into a ring with the boxer Nicola Adams? Whether you are a man or a | :20:52. | :20:54. | |
woman that is actually quite a challenging prospect. There are some | :20:55. | :20:59. | |
women who are strong enough, capable enough, aggressive enough, some | :21:00. | :21:06. | |
women who have got the physical... You need aggression? You need | :21:07. | :21:10. | |
aggression, you absolutely do. The Secretary has made quite clear that | :21:11. | :21:14. | |
there is no question of lowering standards or of damaging operational | :21:15. | :21:21. | |
capability. What about the idea that women are as aggressive as men, is | :21:22. | :21:29. | |
there an emotional difference here Judith Webb? Think that argument | :21:30. | :21:33. | |
doesn't hold water now because women have proved in many circumstances. | :21:34. | :21:39. | |
But I do say why don't we have women in male rugby teams, you know. We | :21:40. | :21:44. | |
don't, nobody would consider having a woman playing in a rugby team in a | :21:45. | :21:49. | |
male rugby team, all-male rugby team, because she doesn't have the | :21:50. | :21:53. | |
same physical strength to withstand that, not combat, but it is almost | :21:54. | :21:58. | |
combat. If you apply that argument you could apply it to a lot of other | :21:59. | :22:02. | |
things. Surely it is very concerning to you that you actually think that | :22:03. | :22:05. | |
women, OK they play a different role but they actually can't play a full | :22:06. | :22:09. | |
role in the army is what you are suggesting? Women play a very full | :22:10. | :22:15. | |
role in the army. Just because you are not an infantry soldier doesn't | :22:16. | :22:19. | |
mean you don't play a full role in the army. There are plenty of male | :22:20. | :22:23. | |
soldiers who are not infantry soldiers, you play a full role. If | :22:24. | :22:26. | |
there is an argument to be had I think there should be more openings | :22:27. | :22:30. | |
for senior officers and senior roles within the army for women. I do | :22:31. | :22:35. | |
think that there is a bit of a Mafia and the fact that the chief of the | :22:36. | :22:39. | |
general staff, of defence staff has only ever been someone from a tooth | :22:40. | :22:47. | |
arm. Would you like to have seen close combat, would that have been | :22:48. | :22:50. | |
something for your career that you would have welcomed? Actually for me | :22:51. | :22:56. | |
personally it wouldn't, it is very difficult to answer that question, | :22:57. | :23:00. | |
because I joined the army 27 years ago so my thinking was very | :23:01. | :23:03. | |
different then, because I was excluded from so many roles. But I | :23:04. | :23:07. | |
think probably it wouldn't have been a route down which I would have | :23:08. | :23:11. | |
gone. That doesn't mean to say that I don't think that these | :23:12. | :23:17. | |
extraordinarily physically capable competent professional women, who | :23:18. | :23:21. | |
want to have the opportunity, to serve the nation in these. Is there | :23:22. | :23:27. | |
a frustration there? There is a frustration. Whether or not women | :23:28. | :23:30. | |
want to serve in the combat arms, to have an exclusion based purely on | :23:31. | :23:39. | |
gender for an army, one of the core values of the army is respect for | :23:40. | :23:43. | |
others. It is really disrespectful to women to say you can do these | :23:44. | :23:46. | |
things but not those things. Thank you very much both of you indeed. | :23:47. | :23:51. | |
You would think the one person the pro-Russian seperatists in Ukraine | :23:52. | :23:54. | |
would listen to would be President Putin, but today they ignored a call | :23:55. | :23:58. | |
from the Russian leader to postpone the referendum on self-rule, | :23:59. | :24:02. | |
declaring they would go ahead on Sunday with a vote that could lead | :24:03. | :24:08. | |
to war. But then it is likely Putin would have ignored Angela Merkel's | :24:09. | :24:14. | |
call to not make a visit to Crimea tomorrow. As far as Reverends geo, | :24:15. | :24:21. | |
Putin -- referendums go, Putin expects the rebels to defy him and | :24:22. | :24:26. | |
distancing himself and avoiding punitive sanctions. | :24:27. | :24:31. | |
We spent the day in the heartland of the rebellion and begins with | :24:32. | :24:40. | |
reporting from Donetsk. On the streets here they are asking what on | :24:41. | :24:47. | |
earth is Putin playing at? "We will decide" this man says, right now, | :24:48. | :24:51. | |
right here it is their decision. Many people here see Vladimir Putin | :24:52. | :24:57. | |
as their ultimate supporter in their struggle to break-away from Kiev. | :24:58. | :25:00. | |
Now some fear he might be pulling back. Inside the seperatist | :25:01. | :25:06. | |
headquarters this morning, there were meetings behind closed doors as | :25:07. | :25:12. | |
they debated how to respond. The leaders inside this building, the | :25:13. | :25:19. | |
party of the Donetsk seperatist Republic have had the rug pulled out | :25:20. | :25:24. | |
from under their feet. That is causing angst. For weeks the east | :25:25. | :25:28. | |
has been building up to Sunday's referendum on independence, could | :25:29. | :25:31. | |
they back down now? In the end they decided they couldn't. So is Putin | :25:32. | :25:37. | |
the puppetmaster here or is he losing control of a crisis partly of | :25:38. | :25:41. | |
his own making? Kiev has deployed troops, mostly around the seperatist | :25:42. | :25:49. | |
stronghold of Slovansk. Beyond this Government checkpoint lies the only | :25:50. | :25:54. | |
town fully under the seperatists' control. What do the seperatists | :25:55. | :25:58. | |
think Putin is up to? At the entrance to the town we met members | :25:59. | :26:02. | |
of the pro-independence militia, preparing for what they fear could | :26:03. | :26:09. | |
be an imminent attack. TRANSLATION: We didn't expect Vladimir Putin to | :26:10. | :26:13. | |
suggest postponing the referendum. He's a wise man and good strategist, | :26:14. | :26:17. | |
a clever politician, maybe he's planning something we can't yet see? | :26:18. | :26:26. | |
These are the people known as the little green men, one said he was a | :26:27. | :26:30. | |
dentist and the other a vet, all of them said they were native | :26:31. | :26:33. | |
Ukrainians, though they wouldn't tell me how they were recruited or | :26:34. | :26:37. | |
where they got their guns. These men have crossed a rubicon, with or | :26:38. | :26:42. | |
without Putin they told me they want their independence. TRANSLATION: For | :26:43. | :26:47. | |
me Ukraine doesn't exist any more, our parliament is full of fascists. | :26:48. | :26:58. | |
We need our own country now. In central Sloviansk, the vehicles are | :26:59. | :27:01. | |
paraded they captured off the regular army. Local civilians have | :27:02. | :27:06. | |
lost their lives here, even as Kiev continues the anti-terror operation. | :27:07. | :27:14. | |
Under Lenin a notice reads "we will never forget, we will never | :27:15. | :27:18. | |
forgive", and yet every day life seems some how to continue. But this | :27:19. | :27:22. | |
disguises a fundamental flaw in Sunday's referendum. This vote will | :27:23. | :27:27. | |
be held in only a handful of areas, on a war footing. Of course we are | :27:28. | :27:33. | |
all frightened because we are surrounded by our own army, and as | :27:34. | :27:43. | |
far as I know very hard artillery, arms, aimed to our people. As we are | :27:44. | :27:48. | |
talking to the school teacher a masked man approaches and demands to | :27:49. | :27:54. | |
know who we are and what we are doing? This whole town is on edge, | :27:55. | :28:00. | |
the seperatists see spies and infiltrators on every corner. Those | :28:01. | :28:05. | |
who openly defy them, like the town's mayor, have been locked up in | :28:06. | :28:08. | |
the basement of the local intelligence headquarters. Can | :28:09. | :28:12. | |
anyone still influence events here? Two of the people we have been | :28:13. | :28:16. | |
speaking to here over the past few weeks have now fled in fear of their | :28:17. | :28:21. | |
lives. And they have told us that masked men have been going | :28:22. | :28:25. | |
house-to-house, knocking on doors, threatening anyone who doesn't | :28:26. | :28:34. | |
support the People's Republic of Donetsk. It is in this atmosphere | :28:35. | :28:39. | |
some in the cue crane will vote to -- in the Ukraine will vote to split | :28:40. | :28:44. | |
off from the rest of the country. Even Putin appears to be distancing | :28:45. | :28:49. | |
himself from the referendum, fearing perhaps a conflict on his border | :28:50. | :28:53. | |
that he can no longer control. We will have the latest on the | :28:54. | :28:58. | |
crisis tomorrow, when we will report on Victory Day in Moscow. | :28:59. | :29:03. | |
For thousands of people in England, football is a life and death | :29:04. | :29:08. | |
business, metaphorically speaking, well actually literally. Using | :29:09. | :29:14. | |
public health England's latest data on life expectancy, our avid | :29:15. | :29:18. | |
football fan decided to undertake a bit of mental rather than physical | :29:19. | :29:23. | |
exercise. Using catchment areas of football clubs alongside the data, | :29:24. | :29:26. | |
he has analysed where in the country people are likely to live longer. | :29:27. | :29:31. | |
Now we are at the end of the season which town is in the Premier League | :29:32. | :29:37. | |
of health and which at the bottom of the table? | :29:38. | :29:44. | |
Football fans cheerfully chant they will support their team until they | :29:45. | :29:49. | |
die. But, how long will they live? Can we expect some fans to go on for | :29:50. | :29:56. | |
much longer than others? So I have crunched the numbers, I looked at | :29:57. | :30:01. | |
club catchment areas, within them I identified 100,000 people, close | :30:02. | :30:04. | |
living closest to the ground. It is a bit rough and ready, it is really | :30:05. | :30:07. | |
about towns rather than football fans, but I pulled out the | :30:08. | :30:12. | |
statistics on life expectancy, "binge drinking" and produced my own | :30:13. | :30:18. | |
league tables, including obesity. The results are startling. Here is | :30:19. | :30:22. | |
the top of the Premier League, Crawley Town are England's longevity | :30:23. | :30:27. | |
champion, Chelsea fans may note they are still third! Turning to the | :30:28. | :30:32. | |
bottom of the table, Manchester City and Liverpool do badly, as do | :30:33. | :30:36. | |
Birmingham City and Aston Villa. Clubs in more prosperous areas do | :30:37. | :30:41. | |
rather better. The idea that people living in poorer areas don't live as | :30:42. | :30:45. | |
long as those in richer areas isn't exactly shocking. Even so the | :30:46. | :30:49. | |
difference is enormous. This is Chelsea and remember we're not | :30:50. | :30:55. | |
talking about one street, one neighbourhood, we are talking about | :30:56. | :30:58. | |
100,000 people in this area, men live on average 81 years, the | :30:59. | :31:04. | |
equivalent figure for Birmingham City is | :31:05. | :31:13. | |
hard to live healthily on a tight budget, through other indicators. | :31:14. | :31:18. | |
hard to live healthily on a tight the Chelsea catchment area just 13% | :31:19. | :31:21. | |
hard to live healthily on a tight are obese. For Aston Villa | :31:22. | :31:26. | |
hard to live healthily on a tight high. What about "binge | :31:27. | :31:29. | |
hard to live healthily on a tight For men that's consuming eight | :31:30. | :31:33. | |
hard to live healthily on a tight prevalent in poorer areas. But | :31:34. | :31:35. | |
hard to live healthily on a tight are local cultural factors to take | :31:36. | :31:39. | |
into account. The safe drinking champions at the top | :31:40. | :31:44. | |
into account. The safe drinking Birmingham City, West Brom and | :31:45. | :31:45. | |
Bradford, you can see areas of big Birmingham City, West Brom and | :31:46. | :31:49. | |
Muslim populations drink less. Turning now to the bottom of the | :31:50. | :31:54. | |
table, for Sunderland, Bristol City, York and Sheffield United, 30% of | :31:55. | :31:58. | |
the catchments reported a binge in the previous week. Newcastle is | :31:59. | :32:02. | |
propping up the table on 41%. the previous week. Newcastle is | :32:03. | :32:07. | |
the way these factors interact is not straight forward. Here | :32:08. | :32:12. | |
the way these factors interact is Preston northend male life he can | :32:13. | :32:16. | |
peck standcy is just under 35, that is putting it in line with Mexico. | :32:17. | :32:21. | |
But the story is complicated. For example here in Preston there isn't | :32:22. | :32:26. | |
But the story is complicated. For a problem with obesity, it is that | :32:27. | :32:28. | |
complication that makes this issue such a challenge for policy makers. | :32:29. | :32:34. | |
So no two areas are alike. National and global forces may be the key | :32:35. | :32:38. | |
drivers of inequality, but the policy responses must often come at | :32:39. | :32:42. | |
the street, the neighbourhood or even the club level. | :32:43. | :32:48. | |
If you want to look at the full tables of all the information it is | :32:49. | :32:57. | |
on the website. Tiger mums, pushy parents, hot-house kids, education | :32:58. | :33:03. | |
is littered with judgmental saying when it comes to parental | :33:04. | :33:06. | |
involvement in education, but a leading educationalist, once a top | :33:07. | :33:09. | |
man in Tony Blair's team says children in the UK are being held | :33:10. | :33:13. | |
back in a culture which we undervalue hard work and parents | :33:14. | :33:17. | |
don't push. This stands in stark contrast to East Asia and he cites | :33:18. | :33:23. | |
as evidence the UK's sixth place in the learning curve index, the | :33:24. | :33:28. | |
ranking of 39 countries educational performance. Sing cor, Korea, China | :33:29. | :33:34. | |
and Finland are ahead of us. Remember the battle hymn of the | :33:35. | :33:43. | |
tiger mother it turns out she might have been right. South Korean kids | :33:44. | :33:48. | |
it emerges are leading the world no in cognitive skills and educational | :33:49. | :33:55. | |
attainment, not just pop music. Education, education, education. Now | :33:56. | :34:03. | |
a former adviser to Tony Blair turned education guru says we could | :34:04. | :34:10. | |
learn a thing or two from them. The learning curve says Britain lags | :34:11. | :34:13. | |
behind Asian countries because we don't teach our kids to work hard. | :34:14. | :34:17. | |
He says parents here don't pressure their kids to achieve because we | :34:18. | :34:22. | |
assume they are either clever or not clever and that the number of hours | :34:23. | :34:25. | |
spent in front of the blackboard won't change it. That's certainly | :34:26. | :34:30. | |
not the way they do it in South Korea. Where the average child | :34:31. | :34:35. | |
spends 13 hours a day in education. Not necessarily in dance class. | :34:36. | :34:44. | |
Michael Barber is here, and I'm joined from Boston by the Finnish | :34:45. | :34:50. | |
education expert and author of the book. | :34:51. | :34:54. | |
So basically what you are essentially saying is here the | :34:55. | :34:57. | |
attitude is you are born clever or not, and by and large parents just | :34:58. | :35:02. | |
accept that and don't push the kids? The tradition is very steeped in our | :35:03. | :35:06. | |
culture is people have said they are either clever or smart in America or | :35:07. | :35:11. | |
they are not, and then the education system simply rereinforces the | :35:12. | :35:19. | |
starting points. And the 11+ we had right up until the 70s determined | :35:20. | :35:23. | |
your future in secondary education. What happens in the Asian cultures | :35:24. | :35:28. | |
is of valuing of hard work and effort and a belief that will lead | :35:29. | :35:31. | |
to success, the teachers believe it, the parents believe it and it comes | :35:32. | :35:34. | |
through in the results. I'm not saying I want Britain to be like | :35:35. | :35:39. | |
Korea. With children doing four or five hours homework every day. I am | :35:40. | :35:44. | |
saying parents should be, and teachers should be rewarding hard | :35:45. | :35:47. | |
work and progress, there is very good psychological research. You | :35:48. | :35:50. | |
don't think that is being done now? I think there is much more of that | :35:51. | :35:53. | |
could be done. And many, many teachers do it every day, but we | :35:54. | :35:56. | |
could do more of it, and the parents, when they see good work | :35:57. | :35:59. | |
they could say that is a great piece of work, rather than oh how clever | :36:00. | :36:03. | |
you are. From your point of view and you obviously looked at the Finnish | :36:04. | :36:08. | |
model in the top six but further down, you don't think the Asian | :36:09. | :36:15. | |
model fits other cultures? I think the Asian model is culturally bound. | :36:16. | :36:19. | |
Many things that explain why they are doing so well. Many people don't | :36:20. | :36:23. | |
know that the Asian children go to school twice when in England and in | :36:24. | :36:27. | |
Finland children go to school only once. I think the main... Explain | :36:28. | :36:31. | |
what you mean by that they go to school twice? Most children in most | :36:32. | :36:37. | |
south-east Asian countries they go to school after the normal school | :36:38. | :36:43. | |
ends, nominally about -- normally 4.00 in the evening, the second | :36:44. | :36:51. | |
school day goes from 6.00 until midnight. It is working? But the | :36:52. | :36:56. | |
rankings is not measuring what the education system is doing but the | :36:57. | :37:01. | |
culture. The main problem with the learning curve ranking and the | :37:02. | :37:06. | |
OACD's ranking is the whole idea of smartness and intelligence is | :37:07. | :37:10. | |
limited to a very small number of academic subjects. In Finland and | :37:11. | :37:14. | |
many other countries you can be smart and clever by being good in | :37:15. | :37:17. | |
music or sports or something else, not only in maths and science. That | :37:18. | :37:22. | |
is in terms of your rankings you are doing it purely on academics and in | :37:23. | :37:26. | |
fact a lot of the Asian countries are now realising that actually the | :37:27. | :37:29. | |
creative skills are important and having to import them. The Scottish | :37:30. | :37:32. | |
Ballet is doing work with these kids because they get none of that? Sure, | :37:33. | :37:38. | |
that is not important, what is really important to say about this | :37:39. | :37:40. | |
particular ranking we are publishing today is a composite of a lot of | :37:41. | :37:45. | |
different rankings including success in completing university, there is a | :37:46. | :37:48. | |
range of things brought together. But not in the rounded person? | :37:49. | :37:52. | |
However what you see in schools in England, and you see research on | :37:53. | :37:57. | |
this, the schools that do well in the academic subjects often and very | :37:58. | :38:00. | |
often actually do well in all the other things. If you look at Ofsted | :38:01. | :38:03. | |
reports in this country you will find the schools that do well in | :38:04. | :38:06. | |
exams and literacy and numeracy also do well in music and art. It is a | :38:07. | :38:11. | |
false dichotomy to put the two things in opposition. I'm not | :38:12. | :38:16. | |
advocating we do what Korea does it here in England, we have to get a | :38:17. | :38:19. | |
rounded education. But the results represent something. It seems you | :38:20. | :38:22. | |
are also saying that parents have to get a grip and have to be going to | :38:23. | :38:25. | |
the school and pushing harder. That actually there is a much more | :38:26. | :38:29. | |
laissez faire attitude and we have to get rid of that? I am saying | :38:30. | :38:32. | |
that. I think it is very important whether you live in Finland, Britain | :38:33. | :38:37. | |
or Korea that you are prepared for the 21st century global economy and | :38:38. | :38:40. | |
the society which is fast-moving and depends on knowledge, capability and | :38:41. | :38:44. | |
the ability to do that. And parents are not doing enough? Lot of them | :38:45. | :38:48. | |
are, but we could do more. Is it your experience that actually much | :38:49. | :38:51. | |
greater parental involvement will improve things? I think parents have | :38:52. | :38:59. | |
to support the children's learning, but I don't believe we can ever do | :39:00. | :39:03. | |
the same things that the South Koreans or Japanese or sing support | :39:04. | :39:08. | |
is doing. -- Singapore is doing with the parents studying with their | :39:09. | :39:12. | |
children. Parents have to support their kids but there has to be life | :39:13. | :39:15. | |
after school and we have to respect their childhood. You are saying | :39:16. | :39:19. | |
culturally in Asia, would it be fair to say, and this is only an | :39:20. | :39:23. | |
observation of mine that actually the whole discipline and the whole | :39:24. | :39:26. | |
respect issue and the whole way that families operate is quite different? | :39:27. | :39:29. | |
Absolutely. I think the families operate is quite different? | :39:30. | :39:33. | |
cultures are much more built families operate is quite different? | :39:34. | :39:37. | |
competition and race for the good universities and good schools. We | :39:38. | :39:41. | |
are simply speaking about very different cultures and I agree with | :39:42. | :39:45. | |
Michael that there are things to learn from these countries, but they | :39:46. | :39:48. | |
are not the things that we should be pushing our children harder and | :39:49. | :39:53. | |
starting school earlier and spending longer hours in school, they are | :39:54. | :39:56. | |
more related to how we treat our teachers and how we help our schools | :39:57. | :40:00. | |
to work together. Would you say that Michael Gove is taking things in the | :40:01. | :40:04. | |
right direction? Overall I would say, yes, Michael Gove is taking | :40:05. | :40:07. | |
things in the right direction, setting higher standards through the | :40:08. | :40:11. | |
new national curriculum, really investing in recruiting great people | :40:12. | :40:17. | |
in to teaching. Taking on your work from new Labour? Taking it on, yes. | :40:18. | :40:22. | |
That will help. I want to make one other point, learning exactly what | :40:23. | :40:24. | |
was just said, we can't replicate Asian cultures, we can learn things | :40:25. | :40:29. | |
from them and apply them to the system. | :40:30. | :40:32. | |
from them and apply them to the wrong to set his face against free | :40:33. | :40:34. | |
schools, that is an option? Some of the free schools have clearly been a | :40:35. | :40:37. | |
mistake, but some of them will do really well. There is a wonderful | :40:38. | :40:39. | |
school in really well. There is a wonderful | :40:40. | :40:44. | |
question, School 21, the headteacher goes to every single parents' home | :40:45. | :40:49. | |
before the start and talks about the relationship, we will get great | :40:50. | :40:51. | |
innovation. Thank you very much indeed. The World Health | :40:52. | :40:56. | |
Organisation's report on the efficacy | :40:57. | :40:59. | |
Organisation's report on the warned unless there is a step change | :41:00. | :41:03. | |
into new ways to fight old diseases people will die from once treatable | :41:04. | :41:07. | |
infections. There is one vast unstabbed source of life-saving | :41:08. | :41:11. | |
medicines, the oceans, that could be the source of everything. They | :41:12. | :41:16. | |
include one of our most beautiful sea creatures. | :41:17. | :41:31. | |
It is an industry there is a about to see ?120 million of investment | :41:32. | :41:37. | |
from the European Union. The work can cost ?20,000 a day, but the end | :41:38. | :41:41. | |
products could make a difference to millions of people around the world. | :41:42. | :41:55. | |
But what is it they are looking for? This sciencic spot on the west coast | :41:56. | :41:57. | |
of Scotland might not This sciencic spot on the west coast | :41:58. | :42:01. | |
is at the centre of cutting-edge medical receremony. But beneath the | :42:02. | :42:06. | |
waves lies an incredibly rich and diverse array of life. It is here | :42:07. | :42:11. | |
where scientists are pinning their hopes on finding the next generation | :42:12. | :42:25. | |
of life-saving drugsBut beneath the waves lies an incredibly rich and | :42:26. | :42:26. | |
diverse Since the discovery of penicillin we | :42:27. | :42:35. | |
frequently turn to nature to find new medicines. But on land we are | :42:36. | :42:39. | |
exhausted and we are in desperate need of new drugs. In Europe 25,000 | :42:40. | :42:46. | |
people a year die from infections that are now antibiotic resistant. | :42:47. | :42:52. | |
The World Health Organisation says we are on the verge of a global | :42:53. | :42:55. | |
health crisis. We are turning to the oceans to find | :42:56. | :42:58. | |
new drugs because we have very little left in the way of defences. | :42:59. | :43:04. | |
So in a relatively short period of time we're going to be back where we | :43:05. | :43:10. | |
were in the 1940s before antibiotics were used. | :43:11. | :43:16. | |
But it is not just antibiotics, starfish contain antiinflammatory | :43:17. | :43:21. | |
chemicals that scientists are using to develop new drugs for asthma and | :43:22. | :43:25. | |
arthritis, and unusual gene sequences in other marine creatures | :43:26. | :43:29. | |
could provide treatments from anything from pain relief to cancer. | :43:30. | :43:33. | |
Nature is a fantastic designer, it is constantly making new things. It | :43:34. | :43:37. | |
is also testing that it has been doing that for E.ONs, the sea is | :43:38. | :43:44. | |
where we came from. If something has happened it happened in the sea | :43:45. | :43:47. | |
first. The oceans cover more than two-thirds of the earth's surface, | :43:48. | :43:52. | |
yet just 5% has so far been explored, it is its untapped | :43:53. | :43:59. | |
potential is sparking a medical goldrush. Dr John Day is a | :44:00. | :44:06. | |
researcher of the Scottish Say social for Marine Sciences, they are | :44:07. | :44:10. | |
part of a consortium that has received ?6 million from the EU to | :44:11. | :44:14. | |
scour the depths. Historically this isn't place people have looked, so | :44:15. | :44:17. | |
they haven't exploited it. In addition there is a whole raft of | :44:18. | :44:21. | |
new technologies that are allowing one to screen more methodically, | :44:22. | :44:26. | |
more scientifically, and of course a political will. We are looking to | :44:27. | :44:30. | |
exploit other parts of the planet. How can we produce new industries, | :44:31. | :44:38. | |
new technologies. There is a lot of energy and resources going into this | :44:39. | :44:42. | |
new area, and that's partly because in coastal areas like this, there | :44:43. | :44:48. | |
are clearly defined laws about how scientists can exploit the riches of | :44:49. | :44:53. | |
the sea. But out there in deeper water it is a different story. | :44:54. | :45:00. | |
Within 200 miles of a country's coast each state decides what | :45:01. | :45:03. | |
exploration can take place. Beyond that boundary lies open | :45:04. | :45:08. | |
international waters. This area is governed by the UN's law of the sea. | :45:09. | :45:13. | |
Which regulates activities such as mineral extraction. But it doesn't | :45:14. | :45:17. | |
cover the hunt for new medicines, it is effectively unregulated. | :45:18. | :45:27. | |
This wild west of the seas is home to an extraordinary range of | :45:28. | :45:31. | |
creatures and plants. The worry is that without regulation these | :45:32. | :45:35. | |
fragile habitats could be damaged beyond repair. The lack of clear | :45:36. | :45:40. | |
jurisdiction may cause other problems too. It is particularly | :45:41. | :45:43. | |
important for companies to have legal clarity when they are working | :45:44. | :45:47. | |
in open waters, because they are making a huge investment and if they | :45:48. | :45:53. | |
don't have legal certainty then it means that they will potentionally | :45:54. | :45:59. | |
lose the right to produce that drug and that just is not acceptable to | :46:00. | :46:03. | |
them. And in my opinion that would potentially put a lot of companies | :46:04. | :46:09. | |
off investing in taking samples from the deep sea marine environment. For | :46:10. | :46:16. | |
now, at least, back on the shore, they are ploughing on. This Scottish | :46:17. | :46:20. | |
company is opening a plant to extract wound-healing chemicals from | :46:21. | :46:25. | |
seaweed on an industrial scale. However, it is early days. Drug | :46:26. | :46:29. | |
development can take 15 years and cost more than a billion pound to | :46:30. | :46:38. | |
bring a new product to market. This now would be a drop in the ocean. If | :46:39. | :46:43. | |
this new frontier in medical research lives up to its promise. | :46:44. | :46:49. | |
Just before the papers, a word about a special edition of Newsnight a | :46:50. | :46:53. | |
week on Monday, ahead of the European elections we want your | :46:54. | :46:57. | |
questions about the EU and the UK's relationship with it, we will use | :46:58. | :47:00. | |
all the wepts in the Newsnight -- weapons in the Newsnight Arsenal to | :47:01. | :47:05. | |
try to answer them, however naughty, everything you wanted to know about | :47:06. | :47:09. | |
Europe but were afraid to ask. A Newsnight special on Monday 19th of | :47:10. | :47:14. | |
May. Send your questions to the website. Tomorrow morning's front | :47:15. | :47:17. | |
pages, beginning with the That's all for tonight, I'm back for | :47:18. | :47:58. | |
tomorrow. As we go we remember the British planetry scientist, Colin | :47:59. | :48:05. | |
Pillinger, died aged 70. Best known for his 2003 attempt to land a | :48:06. | :48:11. | |
spacecraft on Mars, although it was failed, his enthusiasm for his | :48:12. | :48:15. | |
spacecraft on Mars, although it was has inspired space fans the world | :48:16. | :48:15. | |
over. I don't have a regret about anything | :48:16. | :48:40. | |
I have done, there is unfinished business on Mars. | :48:41. | :48:49. | |
We will have to take the rough with the smooth this weekend. Friday is | :48:50. | :49:06. | |
unsettled, rain and showers, the best of the sunshine further south | :49:07. | :49:09. | |
where bright and breezy | :49:10. | :49:10. |