Browse content similar to 19/06/2014. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
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The President who voted against Bush's war, says America would be | :00:00. | :00:14. | |
ready to act. But Obama won't send troops into direct combat. Yet extra | :00:15. | :00:19. | |
military personnel are on the way. There are cries of "betrayal" in | :00:20. | :00:24. | |
Baghdad. We will be prepared to take targeted and precise military | :00:25. | :00:28. | |
action, if and when we determine that the situation on the ground | :00:29. | :00:32. | |
requires it. They said Twitter can be a force for good, and make lots | :00:33. | :00:36. | |
of money. But is the billion dollar business living up to that? One of | :00:37. | :00:41. | |
the company's founders is here. What is this? Not exactly capability | :00:42. | :00:49. | |
brown, but a rather more elegant gardener has designs on the Thames. | :00:50. | :00:54. | |
To make a bridge which crosses this, to me one of the most important | :00:55. | :00:57. | |
rivers in the world, the River Thames, and to have a garden on it | :00:58. | :01:02. | |
seems something almost dream-like, almost a magical quality. Good | :01:03. | :01:15. | |
evening, so America could return to Iraq, with an extra 300 military | :01:16. | :01:20. | |
advisers on the ground. And what President Obama described as precise | :01:21. | :01:25. | |
and targeted action, if it proves necessary. But that's only a partial | :01:26. | :01:30. | |
answer to the cry for help from what remains of the Iraqi Government, but | :01:31. | :01:34. | |
even limited American intervention in the dangerous and discoughing | :01:35. | :01:44. | |
state is proving controversial. For those expecting American pilots to | :01:45. | :01:48. | |
light their afterburners and take to the skies to pummel ISIS, today was | :01:49. | :01:54. | |
a disappointment. But the Washington debate has now gone to full throttle | :01:55. | :01:59. | |
over whether to help Iraq and there's movement. For the moment, | :02:00. | :02:06. | |
just a few hundred Special Forces' advisers will go in. It is not for | :02:07. | :02:11. | |
the United States to choose Iraq's leaders, it is true that only | :02:12. | :02:15. | |
leaders with an inclusive agenda will truly bring the Iraqi people | :02:16. | :02:18. | |
together and help them through the crisis. Meanwhile the United States | :02:19. | :02:22. | |
will not pursue military actions that support one sect inside of Iraq | :02:23. | :02:30. | |
at the expense of another. Ies that's the same movement as ISIL is | :02:31. | :02:39. | |
the game-changer for Washington. Its advances have been sufficiently | :02:40. | :02:44. | |
alarming that they have forced the President to overturn one of his | :02:45. | :02:48. | |
policies, complete disengagment with Iraq. This is a President adverse to | :02:49. | :02:53. | |
getting America endangled in the Middle East or conflicts around the | :02:54. | :02:57. | |
world in any way. He feels it is a time to consolidate and focus on | :02:58. | :03:03. | |
problems at home. For him to go back to Iraq, looking at military | :03:04. | :03:08. | |
options, getting ourselves entangled in the very complicated politics of | :03:09. | :03:11. | |
that country has to be extremely painful for him on a personal level | :03:12. | :03:15. | |
and also on a larger strategic level, I think he has to feel this | :03:16. | :03:23. | |
is a tremendous disappointment and tremenduously bad for US national | :03:24. | :03:28. | |
interests. The most urgent problem the Iraqi Government faces is at | :03:29. | :03:33. | |
Baji, where an oil refinery providing 40% of the country's | :03:34. | :03:38. | |
petrol is close to be overrun. Near Baquba, militias have been fighting | :03:39. | :03:45. | |
to keep ISIS out of the town. And around Kirkuk, Kurdish forces are | :03:46. | :03:48. | |
trying to defend their recent gains against the Sunnis. Even if a timely | :03:49. | :03:53. | |
air strike could help in any of these situations, many Americans are | :03:54. | :03:56. | |
concerned about the political message it might send. The White | :03:57. | :03:59. | |
House wants a national unity Government, Shia, Sunni and Kurd, | :04:00. | :04:04. | |
one that could halt the fragmentation of Iraq. President | :04:05. | :04:07. | |
Obama has been quite clear on this, this cannot be the United States | :04:08. | :04:13. | |
being the air force for Shia militias or a Shia on Sunni Arab | :04:14. | :04:20. | |
fight. It has to be a fight of all of Iraq against extremists who do | :04:21. | :04:26. | |
happen to be Sunni Arabs. Downing Street too is looking beyond Nouri | :04:27. | :04:31. | |
Al-Maliki, who it blames for what has happened. There is no doubt that | :04:32. | :04:36. | |
the Government of Iraq has not given enough attention to healing | :04:37. | :04:39. | |
sectarian divides, to including Sunni and Kurds in the Government, | :04:40. | :04:44. | |
to bringing the country together. We have to examine why we have this | :04:45. | :04:49. | |
crisis in the centre of Iraq, and it is that combination of poor | :04:50. | :04:54. | |
governance, of ungoverned space, of encouragement of extremism, which | :04:55. | :04:58. | |
has created this space which is going to be potentially a haven for | :04:59. | :05:01. | |
terrorism with all the dangers that I pointed out in the House of | :05:02. | :05:08. | |
Commons yesterday. Iraqi forces, so their Government insist, are | :05:09. | :05:16. | |
fighting back. And since make is so -- America is so worried about being | :05:17. | :05:23. | |
seen as stepping into a sectarian and Al-Maliki fight, unless the | :05:24. | :05:27. | |
Government changes or Baghdad is directly threatened that won't | :05:28. | :05:30. | |
change. These are fighters in pick-up trucks and small vehicles, | :05:31. | :05:34. | |
they can be hard to isolate, identify and strike without | :05:35. | :05:41. | |
significant collateral damage or accidents that kill civilians | :05:42. | :05:44. | |
nearby. Finally, without it seeming as though we are propping up | :05:45. | :05:49. | |
essentially a Shi'ite dictator whose record of governing we don't really | :05:50. | :05:55. | |
approve of and the risk is that moderate Sunnis, other than these | :05:56. | :05:59. | |
radicals who we would be happy to wipe out, might think we were taking | :06:00. | :06:03. | |
the sides of the Shi'ites in the on going sectarian battle. There are | :06:04. | :06:09. | |
too many unknowns still for the USS Bush to launch its planes on bombing | :06:10. | :06:13. | |
raids over Iraq. The key uncertainties, of course, are | :06:14. | :06:16. | |
political, but tonight, with President Obama's announcement, they | :06:17. | :06:21. | |
are starting to address some of the practical, military obstacles to | :06:22. | :06:27. | |
using these weapons effectively. Mark is here to unpick some of this. | :06:28. | :06:31. | |
You talked there about the practical obstacle, what do you mean by that? | :06:32. | :06:36. | |
This is what I'm hearing, the American troops, special operations | :06:37. | :06:39. | |
forces are already going in. They are going to set up two high-tech | :06:40. | :06:45. | |
ops rooms, one in Baghdad and one in the Kurdish area. They will be used | :06:46. | :06:53. | |
for fusion of evidence, taking images from drones unmanned | :06:54. | :06:55. | |
aircrafts and satellite, all the stuff the NSA gathers, including | :06:56. | :06:59. | |
people's social media, and all the rest of it, putting it together into | :07:00. | :07:03. | |
actionable intelligence. That could be used to direct the Iraqis, to | :07:04. | :07:08. | |
launch American air strikes or even other American actions in the area. | :07:09. | :07:13. | |
What does make do if Al-Maliki refuses to go, what are the | :07:14. | :07:16. | |
immicationcations there for whether or not they strike? It does seem to | :07:17. | :07:23. | |
be a very difficult problem. Listening to President Obama today | :07:24. | :07:26. | |
it occurs to me the Americans might do what they have done in Yemen and | :07:27. | :07:30. | |
Pakistan and Libya, put the problem to one side. If they decide it is in | :07:31. | :07:35. | |
the US national interest to hit ISIS, put the architecture in place | :07:36. | :07:40. | |
to do it in a time and place of their own choosing. Decide it is in | :07:41. | :08:00. | |
the US national interest to hit ISIS, put the architecture in place | :08:01. | :08:03. | |
to do it in a time and place of their own choosing. A key | :08:04. | :08:05. | |
facilitator and supporter from Baghdad is with us tonight. | :08:06. | :08:08. | |
President Obama has described what could be targeted action and precise | :08:09. | :08:14. | |
action, what do you understand that to mean? Well I think the President | :08:15. | :08:23. | |
has decided to send a team of 300 in part to buy time to get a better | :08:24. | :08:35. | |
sense of what is going Onyango the On on the ground in case action | :08:36. | :08:41. | |
against ISIS is taken. But at the same time to buy time on the | :08:42. | :08:46. | |
political process for a Government of National Unity to at least see if | :08:47. | :08:51. | |
a unity Government can be formed. He has precluded immediate military | :08:52. | :08:54. | |
action, but has done enough to gain credibility with the Government that | :08:55. | :09:01. | |
military action might come and to energise the political process, in | :09:02. | :09:04. | |
my judgment. Given what's happening on the ground, does he have time, | :09:05. | :09:09. | |
given how desperate the situation is? As the report now indicates that | :09:10. | :09:20. | |
Baghdad is not in danger of falling, the situation may not be as urgent | :09:21. | :09:31. | |
as some believe it is. If Baghdad was in danger of falling, military | :09:32. | :09:38. | |
action might take place soon and quickly. I think the President is | :09:39. | :09:43. | |
preparing for possible military action, but at the same time I think | :09:44. | :09:48. | |
he wants to wait if it is not urgent, if immediate action is not | :09:49. | :09:54. | |
needed to deal with the political basis of the problem. Because there | :09:55. | :09:59. | |
is sectarianism that is fuelling, in part, this brutal for that has | :10:00. | :10:06. | |
gained ground, ISIS. I think's trying to get to the -- I think he's | :10:07. | :10:15. | |
trying to get to the bottom of the problem. Does Al-Maliki have to go | :10:16. | :10:21. | |
for a new political and potentially table situation to be set up, you | :10:22. | :10:34. | |
backed Al-Maliki, did you back the wrong man potentially table | :10:35. | :10:36. | |
situation to be set up, you backed Al-Maliki, did you back the wrong | :10:37. | :10:39. | |
man? In 2006 he was one of the broad coalition who had the right ideas | :10:40. | :10:50. | |
and he was the better of the two and formed a Government. In the 2010 | :10:51. | :10:58. | |
selection in the aftermath of that, while Al-Alawi gained more seats, he | :10:59. | :11:00. | |
was not allowed to form the Government and the constitution was | :11:01. | :11:04. | |
not followed. I think with polarisation, sectarian, because of | :11:05. | :11:10. | |
Syria, the withdrawal of US forces, and the increased Iranian influence | :11:11. | :11:15. | |
and the intermingling of Syria and Iraq conflicts, Al-Maliki has become | :11:16. | :11:21. | |
more difficult to work with in terms of the Sunnis and Kurds and I think | :11:22. | :11:26. | |
that the time has come to see if a new Government that can unite the | :11:27. | :11:31. | |
Iraqis can be formed. The timing is good because the election results | :11:32. | :11:34. | |
were just announced so a new Government has to be formed. And | :11:35. | :11:38. | |
Al-Maliki does not have the votes by himself to form the Government, | :11:39. | :11:41. | |
although he's in a relatively strong position. But I think a unity | :11:42. | :11:46. | |
Government is needed as the President said. So you clearly think | :11:47. | :11:49. | |
that Al-Maliki should move on in some way, but what do you think | :11:50. | :11:55. | |
America should do in terms of this potential military action, putting | :11:56. | :11:59. | |
advisers on the ground may not be what Baghdad wanted but it is still | :12:00. | :12:03. | |
a serious and significant step. What next? What about air strikes? That | :12:04. | :12:12. | |
will have to wait as to what the assessment is, the main purpose of | :12:13. | :12:18. | |
the 300 is to do an assessment of what Iraqi units are like, those | :12:19. | :12:21. | |
that remain. What help do they need, get a better sense of the situation | :12:22. | :12:28. | |
on the ground, in terms of ISIS and other Sunni groups they are also | :12:29. | :12:34. | |
helping ISIS. To develop a strategy, not only working with the Government | :12:35. | :12:37. | |
but the local forces, Sunnis who can help us like they did during the | :12:38. | :12:44. | |
surge, the Awakening Movement to work against the ISIS group, but all | :12:45. | :12:50. | |
of that will depend on whether a unity Government is formed that is | :12:51. | :12:55. | |
acceptable to the Sunnis and Kurds. Because without that military action | :12:56. | :13:02. | |
by itself can do some counter terrorism benefits but will not | :13:03. | :13:05. | |
solve the problems of Iraq. Briefly, you were involved right at the start | :13:06. | :13:12. | |
of this, as part of George W Bush's administration. Did you always think | :13:13. | :13:15. | |
this might happen, that you might see Iraq tearing itself apart in | :13:16. | :13:22. | |
this way? Well, our hope was obviously for Iraq not to fall | :13:23. | :13:25. | |
apart, to give the Iraqis an opportunity to accept each other and | :13:26. | :13:30. | |
come together to form a Government that could put it on the path | :13:31. | :13:35. | |
towards freedom and increase the economic prosperity. But in your | :13:36. | :13:43. | |
gut... But the process has been. In your gut, did you always have a | :13:44. | :13:46. | |
sense or fear that we might see this happen? At least what I did | :13:47. | :13:52. | |
personally this was going to be far more difficult and take a lot more | :13:53. | :13:59. | |
time because we know in societies made of different groups, without | :14:00. | :14:03. | |
much experience in democratic rule, state and nation building can take a | :14:04. | :14:09. | |
long time. The experience of Europe itself indicates that. Thank you | :14:10. | :14:14. | |
very much indeed for joining us from Washington: | :14:15. | :14:23. | |
You can hardly move for pundits gasping to comment on Ed Miliband's | :14:24. | :14:28. | |
leading of Labour Party and his getting to Number Ten. What is less | :14:29. | :14:32. | |
readily available is a clear sense of what Ed Miliband would do if he | :14:33. | :14:36. | |
were to end up as Prime Minister. Rogue messages from a Labour Twitter | :14:37. | :14:41. | |
account suggested free owls for all as one idea. In a moment we will | :14:42. | :14:46. | |
talk to one of Ed Miliband's team. Today he filled in one of the policy | :14:47. | :14:49. | |
blanks with what appears to be a real idea, removing jobseeker's | :14:50. | :14:54. | |
allowance for the under 21s. In my view we should not allow the | :14:55. | :14:58. | |
contributory principle to receive further, instead we should | :14:59. | :15:02. | |
strengthen it. As one example the next Labour Government will change | :15:03. | :15:07. | |
the way jobseeker's allowance works, to make sure that someone who has | :15:08. | :15:10. | |
been working for years and years, paying into the system gets more | :15:11. | :15:15. | |
help if they lose their job than someone who has just been working | :15:16. | :15:20. | |
for a couple of years. Well the Shadow Business Secretary is with us | :15:21. | :15:23. | |
in the studio. Thank you for coming in. After all the talk of radical | :15:24. | :15:27. | |
ideas that we have been promised in recent days, Ed Miliband today came | :15:28. | :15:31. | |
up with a policy that will save ?100 million and isn't particularly | :15:32. | :15:34. | |
different to what the Government is doing in some areas, or one of your | :15:35. | :15:38. | |
previous policies, it is not exactly radical is it? It is different to | :15:39. | :15:41. | |
what the Government has proposed, but let's look at the | :15:42. | :15:44. | |
what the Government has proposed, here, we have too many people in our | :15:45. | :15:46. | |
country who are not connected, plugged in to the global economy, | :15:47. | :15:51. | |
and amongst those are young people who have been in receipt of benefit. | :15:52. | :15:55. | |
Now, what we know is that seven out of ten 18-21-year-olds, who have | :15:56. | :16:01. | |
been on jobseekers allowance are on it for the second time. That tells | :16:02. | :16:05. | |
you they are not getting into sustainable work, and also we have a | :16:06. | :16:09. | |
situation where they don't have requisite skills to get into that | :16:10. | :16:12. | |
work. What will you do about it? That is what the prose posals are | :16:13. | :16:17. | |
about. We can -- proposals are about. We can have a debate about | :16:18. | :16:22. | |
what is radical, but what matters to viewers is what works. We want to | :16:23. | :16:25. | |
make sure that the young people are getting skills to plug them into the | :16:26. | :16:29. | |
global economy. As you know well, all the polling suggests and most | :16:30. | :16:32. | |
people in your party believe, it is for your party to restore an image | :16:33. | :16:37. | |
of economic competence, this first radical policy will save about ?100 | :16:38. | :16:41. | |
million, George Osborne says he's going to save ?12 billion from | :16:42. | :16:45. | |
welfare? With the greatest respect this isn't the first policy, we have | :16:46. | :16:48. | |
said we will use the money Government spends through | :16:49. | :16:52. | |
procurement, to boost the numbers of apprenticeship, we have made we will | :16:53. | :16:55. | |
put in place a job guarantee for young people out of work for more | :16:56. | :16:58. | |
than a year and adults out of work for more than two years. We have | :16:59. | :17:01. | |
talked about how we actually transform and reconsignificant our | :17:02. | :17:05. | |
economy, so we have better wage and higher skilled work, to say this is | :17:06. | :17:19. | |
the first of one of the policies. Labour has to talk about significant | :17:20. | :17:26. | |
cuts, so on welfare what else would you cut, George Osborne says ?12 | :17:27. | :17:30. | |
billion after the next election, beyond today what will you save | :17:31. | :17:33. | |
there? George Osborne hasn't specified where the cuts will come | :17:34. | :17:38. | |
in the next parliament. What was what would you cut? We have already | :17:39. | :17:41. | |
accepted in this parliament the switch from the up-rating of | :17:42. | :17:46. | |
benefits from RPI to CPI, that made a saving at the beginning of the | :17:47. | :17:50. | |
parliament. Which the Government has counted in, what else would you cut | :17:51. | :17:54. | |
on welfare? The best way we can reduce the benefits bill is getting | :17:55. | :17:57. | |
more people into work and in respect of those people. And by the way the | :17:58. | :18:00. | |
benefit that is they have been having to pay out because there have | :18:01. | :18:04. | |
been large numbers of people unemployed throughout this | :18:05. | :18:07. | |
parliament, costing way over ?10 billion. We also need to raise the | :18:08. | :18:11. | |
wages of people in work. Which is spending more money by increasing | :18:12. | :18:17. | |
the minimum wage, you are not cutting the welfare budget? You have | :18:18. | :18:21. | |
just said which is wrong that increasing the minimum wage will | :18:22. | :18:24. | |
cost the Government money. What it will do is employers pay more, that | :18:25. | :18:29. | |
reduces the amount of benefit Government pays out and reduces tax | :18:30. | :18:33. | |
credit. If people are able to get jobs? If you are talking about | :18:34. | :18:36. | |
getting more people on to a living wage by making work pay contracts, | :18:37. | :18:40. | |
that is fully costed and fully funded. Let's look at the other | :18:41. | :18:45. | |
areas you may or may not cut money. The NHS budget the Government are | :18:46. | :18:50. | |
ring-fencing it, would you touch that? You are asking me first of all | :18:51. | :18:55. | |
spell out Labour's manifesto in ten months time. You are also asking me | :18:56. | :18:59. | |
to tell you what is in the first budget. We are clear what we will | :19:00. | :19:04. | |
done d'oh in getting the publicens ifs back on to an even footing after | :19:05. | :19:10. | |
this Government will borrow ?190 billion. It is about the level which | :19:11. | :19:14. | |
you are willing to give to restore a picture of economic competence? We | :19:15. | :19:17. | |
have given more detail in terms of how we will reduce the deficit, at | :19:18. | :19:22. | |
this point in a parliament, than any other opposition? A generation, we | :19:23. | :19:28. | |
said no borrowing to fund day-to-day expenditure. If it is so convincing | :19:29. | :19:32. | |
why is Labour consistent leeway behind the Government in terms of | :19:33. | :19:36. | |
trust on economic competence, you are 13 points behind right now. The | :19:37. | :19:40. | |
Conservatives' message at the election will be you cannot trust | :19:41. | :19:43. | |
Labour at the economy, that will be their one sentence, what will | :19:44. | :19:48. | |
Labour's one sentence message at the next election be? I don't agree with | :19:49. | :19:53. | |
you, because you are quoting to me different polls, what I do know is | :19:54. | :19:56. | |
that since 2010, the Labour Party has put on more than 2,300 | :19:57. | :20:05. | |
councillors, we have votes that delivered more, in the marginal seat | :20:06. | :20:09. | |
areas where we need to win back support for a majority. What would | :20:10. | :20:13. | |
the one sentence be in the next election? I won't give you the strap | :20:14. | :20:20. | |
line for the 2015 manifesto. We know the Conservative message? If you let | :20:21. | :20:23. | |
me answer the question. We would love to hear the answer? We want to | :20:24. | :20:26. | |
empower people to meet their aspirations and dreams and to ensure | :20:27. | :20:30. | |
that everybody in this country can see the benefits that a 21st century | :20:31. | :20:36. | |
Britain can bring. The prosals we are talking about -- proposals we | :20:37. | :20:40. | |
are talking about today seeks to plug young people into the global | :20:41. | :20:43. | |
economy to see the benefits, where we know not enough of them are | :20:44. | :20:49. | |
seeing them, with 850,000 young people out of work. The talk about | :20:50. | :20:55. | |
aspirations and living dreams how does that compare to the trusting | :20:56. | :20:58. | |
message on the economy, and the Government's message which is don't | :20:59. | :21:01. | |
give the keys back because you crashed it last time? First of all | :21:02. | :21:05. | |
people are in the future business, what they want to know, and this is | :21:06. | :21:08. | |
in my constituency in Streatham people want to know, my 15-year-old | :21:09. | :21:13. | |
child now when they are 25 after two terms of Labour Government, what | :21:14. | :21:15. | |
will be the opportunities what will be the jobs that they can do. We're | :21:16. | :21:19. | |
very clear, we want to make sure they get the skills so they can get | :21:20. | :21:23. | |
really, good secure work that pays them a wage they can live off in a | :21:24. | :21:26. | |
variety of different industries, which we know the UK are | :21:27. | :21:31. | |
world-beating in, that is what we are in the business of doing. Thank | :21:32. | :21:34. | |
you for coming in, and when you have that one sentence please come back | :21:35. | :21:38. | |
and tell us, thank you. What could be more charming than a | :21:39. | :21:42. | |
stroll by the river, a stroll across the river, of course, a dream of the | :21:43. | :21:46. | |
actress, Joanna Lumley, who in planning a garden bridge across the | :21:47. | :21:50. | |
Thames is following roles as an Avenger, a permanently tipsy | :21:51. | :21:55. | |
magazine editor, saviour of the Gurkhas, and animal rights | :21:56. | :22:00. | |
campaigner with another gardener in chief. She gave us a look at her | :22:01. | :22:05. | |
plans. City living can be wonderful, all | :22:06. | :22:09. | |
that hustle and bustle, but getting around can also be tough. Like most | :22:10. | :22:15. | |
city dwellers I sometimes long for a haven, away from the noise and rush. | :22:16. | :22:33. | |
Now here we are in the middle of London, this is the top of the Queen | :22:34. | :22:37. | |
Elizabeth hall, this is the roof top garden they have built up here, | :22:38. | :22:41. | |
completely wild, I'm surrounded by vegtables and plants and bees and | :22:42. | :22:45. | |
the sound of birds twittering, and beyond that, the City, the concrete, | :22:46. | :22:51. | |
the hard business of a city at work. It is fantastic, this juxtaposition | :22:52. | :22:55. | |
of something really strange, gardens in strange places, that is paradise | :22:56. | :23:06. | |
for me. For the past 17 years I have been working on and dreaming of a | :23:07. | :23:11. | |
bridge which will cross done in complete silence, a bridge with a | :23:12. | :23:16. | |
garden on it, a pedestrian bridge with a garden on it. Now, I hope, my | :23:17. | :23:26. | |
dream is becoming a reality. The with a garden on it. Now, I hope, my | :23:27. | :23:33. | |
planning work has already begun. The designer is Thomas Heatherwick, the | :23:34. | :23:40. | |
Da Vinci of our day, the man behind the petal flowers of the Olympic | :23:41. | :23:47. | |
cauldron. His garden bridge is equally powerful. It will run from | :23:48. | :23:51. | |
the Temple on the north side to the south side on Queen's Walk. To make | :23:52. | :23:57. | |
a bridge which crosses this, to me one of the most important rivers in | :23:58. | :24:00. | |
the world, the River Thames, and to have a garden on it seems something | :24:01. | :24:06. | |
almost dream-like, almost a magical quality. To be able to walk through | :24:07. | :24:11. | |
trees and grass with birds and bees over the river, in the centre of a | :24:12. | :24:21. | |
huge vibrant city. The garden will be filled with trees, 270 of them, | :24:22. | :24:29. | |
as well as shrubs and wild flowers. Winding paths will snake around | :24:30. | :24:34. | |
woodland copsess and glades. It will be a destination in its own right. I | :24:35. | :24:41. | |
hope pedestrians will spend time there, crossing slowly rather than | :24:42. | :24:46. | |
racing across. The idea for integrated greenery in urban setting | :24:47. | :24:50. | |
has been used elsewhere, New York's High Line is one example. It is a | :24:51. | :24:54. | |
concept that is now increasingly popular here in the UK. When cities | :24:55. | :25:00. | |
were much smaller, people had easy access to the countryside, and then | :25:01. | :25:05. | |
with the Industrial Revolution all over the country the countryside in | :25:06. | :25:10. | |
a way receded, the Victorians understood that and then they | :25:11. | :25:14. | |
brought green back into the city. I think we have really, since then, | :25:15. | :25:17. | |
moved away from that, I think cities have become denser, noisier, busier, | :25:18. | :25:22. | |
and I think now we are beginning to realise the value of urban green | :25:23. | :25:27. | |
extends far beyond the fact that plants and green provide an | :25:28. | :25:39. | |
aesthetic qualities. This is pretty much where the bridge is going to | :25:40. | :25:42. | |
be, coming from Temple Tube across there right across to the ITV | :25:43. | :25:47. | |
television studies on that side. It teams extraordinary in four years | :25:48. | :25:50. | |
time we will be going underneath it. Why four years? Because the race is | :25:51. | :25:54. | |
on. Because of the huge infrastructure changes that will go | :25:55. | :25:59. | |
on in London a great big super sewer will be built on this side, work has | :26:00. | :26:03. | |
to start on the bridge in 2015 and it has to be completed by 2018, it | :26:04. | :26:08. | |
is thrilling, we can see the finishing tape already. What to do | :26:09. | :26:12. | |
in that time, raise the money and build the bridge. Raising the money | :26:13. | :26:17. | |
is hard but not impossible, because so many people are behind this. | :26:18. | :26:20. | |
Everyone we have spoken to has fallen in love with it, which is | :26:21. | :26:29. | |
fabulous, because it is my idea. The bridge is going to cost abou ?175 | :26:30. | :26:34. | |
million, we shouldn't be scared of the number, it will be an iconic | :26:35. | :26:39. | |
wonderful piece of London skyline. It is something that London and the | :26:40. | :26:42. | |
UK generally can be very proud of. It is going to cost about ?2. 3 | :26:43. | :26:48. | |
million to run it once it is built. We're obviously from a fundraising | :26:49. | :26:53. | |
perspective looking at raising the money to build it and maintain it. | :26:54. | :27:01. | |
We are confident we can do that. By October we should know whether this | :27:02. | :27:05. | |
project that we have worked on and nutured for so long will finally | :27:06. | :27:10. | |
become a reality. I hope it does. And I hope it inspires other people | :27:11. | :27:15. | |
in other cities to create their own garden bridges. After all, I think | :27:16. | :27:19. | |
there is room for a few more flowers in all our lives. Now the Oxford | :27:20. | :27:27. | |
Union has been an effective play pen for establishment wannabes for | :27:28. | :27:31. | |
nearly 200 years. It is probably the country's most famous debating | :27:32. | :27:35. | |
society, and members who earn their stripes in its sessions include Tony | :27:36. | :27:41. | |
Blair, Attlee, Asquith, Gove, hissen Tyne and Boris Johnson. But the | :27:42. | :27:46. | |
Union has been caught up in a different controversy of late. | :27:47. | :27:51. | |
Campaignsers pressured speakers to stay away, after the current | :27:52. | :27:55. | |
President of the Union, Ben Sullivan was arrested on suspicion of rape. | :27:56. | :27:58. | |
The police dropped the case yesterday. It has reignited | :27:59. | :28:02. | |
questions over whether the accused should have his identity kept | :28:03. | :28:09. | |
secret. Ben is here now and as well as Sarah who was involved in the | :28:10. | :28:14. | |
campaign to boycott the Union. We won't go into the case because the | :28:15. | :28:17. | |
charges have been dropped. You believe those accused of those kinds | :28:18. | :28:22. | |
of offences should have anonymity? To some degree, I'm not as extreme | :28:23. | :28:30. | |
as some those who feel you should have your identity not revealed | :28:31. | :28:36. | |
after charge or conviction. I think there should be happy medium where | :28:37. | :28:42. | |
your identity is not released straight away. It should be | :28:43. | :28:46. | |
protected until at least a preliminary investigation. Why | :28:47. | :28:50. | |
should we give protection to people accused of those kinds of offences, | :28:51. | :28:54. | |
it is not for people accused of any other kinds of offences, it can | :28:55. | :28:57. | |
encourage other people to come forward? That is completely true, | :28:58. | :29:01. | |
that is why I would say not everybody's identity in cases like | :29:02. | :29:06. | |
this could be kept secret, I'm aware it can be extremely helpful for | :29:07. | :29:09. | |
police investigations for people's identities to be revealed and for | :29:10. | :29:13. | |
people to come forward. These are incredibly poisonous allegations and | :29:14. | :29:16. | |
incredibly difficult to deal with. As you know obviously those | :29:17. | :29:21. | |
complainants are given anonymity n this country when we introduced | :29:22. | :29:26. | |
anonymity for complainants it was for those accused as well, only to | :29:27. | :29:30. | |
revoke it a few years later. What has it been like for you, there has | :29:31. | :29:33. | |
been an extraordinary international attention on the Oxford Union, what | :29:34. | :29:37. | |
is the experience like? It has been very difficult, very harrowing, I | :29:38. | :29:40. | |
think, it puts things in perspective and changes your priorities to say | :29:41. | :29:44. | |
the very least. It has been very, very difficult, I'm very thankful to | :29:45. | :29:49. | |
everyone has given me all sorts of support, my friend and family. My | :29:50. | :29:54. | |
committee has been loyal and supportive, I'm grateful for that, | :29:55. | :29:57. | |
it has been extremely difficult. Sarah Pine, doesn't Ben's experience | :29:58. | :30:02. | |
illustrate exactly why there should be anonymity for those accused? No, | :30:03. | :30:08. | |
I don't think so. I think in these cases what tends to happen is that | :30:09. | :30:12. | |
if someone is able to be named this can encourage other people to come | :30:13. | :30:16. | |
forward. You look at cases like the Jimmy Savile case, and scores of | :30:17. | :30:19. | |
people would not have come forward unless he could have been named in | :30:20. | :30:22. | |
the press. Being able to name people is something that helps police | :30:23. | :30:26. | |
investigations go much smoother, because it can encourage more people | :30:27. | :30:31. | |
to come forward. But Jimmy Savile was extreme example and somebody who | :30:32. | :30:35. | |
had passed away, he was dead before these accusations came into the | :30:36. | :30:38. | |
public domain, it is a very different case isn't it? I don't | :30:39. | :30:41. | |
think so. Because I think there are other reasons why it is important to | :30:42. | :30:44. | |
be able to name people who have been arrested for these crimes. For | :30:45. | :30:49. | |
example like you said, don't keep anonymity for people that are | :30:50. | :30:52. | |
arrested of other crimes, by making this crime a special case it sends a | :30:53. | :30:57. | |
message that survivors of sexual violence, whoever they may be should | :30:58. | :31:00. | |
not come forward because they won't be believed, that the state will act | :31:01. | :31:04. | |
to protect any potential perpetrators more than they will any | :31:05. | :31:08. | |
potential victims. What about the principle of innocent until proven | :31:09. | :31:14. | |
guilty, we are not talking about the particularities of this case. But | :31:15. | :31:17. | |
here, you are involved in a campaign to encourage a boy coat of -- | :31:18. | :31:28. | |
boycott of an internationally renowned organisation, did that | :31:29. | :31:31. | |
break the principle that have? I have never passed a judgment on | :31:32. | :31:36. | |
Ben's case, I think it is inappropriate, however... . What | :31:37. | :31:41. | |
about the boycott That never broke innocent until proven guilty. The | :31:42. | :31:45. | |
general secretary of Interpol, an internationally renowned lawyer and | :31:46. | :31:49. | |
expert on these matters said that it is always appropriate, when someone | :31:50. | :31:53. | |
is arrested for these crimes that they stand down or are suspended | :31:54. | :31:56. | |
until any investigations are completed. That sends a very | :31:57. | :32:01. | |
respectful message to any survivors of sexual violence, because it shows | :32:02. | :32:05. | |
that what they say and any allegations that they make will be | :32:06. | :32:09. | |
taken seriously. One Show in four women whilst -- when one in four | :32:10. | :32:14. | |
women whilst at university will experience sexual assault, this is a | :32:15. | :32:18. | |
particularly poise I don't knowous approach. You took part in a | :32:19. | :32:23. | |
campaign that whipped up something that was not proven, that does | :32:24. | :32:27. | |
violate the principle, does it not? We had campaign that was based upon | :32:28. | :32:31. | |
the fact that the Union should not have acted in the way it did. It was | :32:32. | :32:34. | |
never against Ben, we talked about the way the Union allocated its | :32:35. | :32:39. | |
funds for his legal fees and they had no policy to deal with these | :32:40. | :32:44. | |
sorts of things, we talked about the messages continually being put out | :32:45. | :32:47. | |
by the Union, you said it was a campaign against one man, it was a | :32:48. | :32:50. | |
campaign against an institution. But there was a national, indeed | :32:51. | :32:54. | |
international outcry you had Nobel Prize whippers refusing to appear -- | :32:55. | :32:59. | |
winners refusing to appear at the union. Was it appropriate for you to | :33:00. | :33:03. | |
invite that kind of scrutiny and attention? I have absolutely no | :33:04. | :33:07. | |
regrets regarding the campaign. I just like to say I agree with a lot | :33:08. | :33:12. | |
of what Sarah just said, for one second I don't think she has broken | :33:13. | :33:16. | |
the principle of innocent until proven guilty, some people have but | :33:17. | :33:20. | |
Sarah never has, and I'm incredibly grateful for that, honestly. I think | :33:21. | :33:25. | |
it has obviously been a very difficult time for me and my | :33:26. | :33:28. | |
committee, for the union, obviously I said before my family. I don't | :33:29. | :33:32. | |
agree with everything Sarah said about the boycott. But I do think, I | :33:33. | :33:39. | |
don't doubt that the organisers do have good intentions, I do agree | :33:40. | :33:43. | |
sexual violence at university is a serious problem at Oxford and other | :33:44. | :33:46. | |
universities. We need to be careful not to let individual cases get | :33:47. | :33:50. | |
intertwined with the general, because a general problem, just | :33:51. | :33:53. | |
because there is a general problem that doesn't mean an individual is | :33:54. | :33:58. | |
necessarily... Thank you very much indeed for coming in to discuss this | :33:59. | :34:04. | |
tonight. Now then, the former FA cup and UEFA Cup winner Garth Crooks and | :34:05. | :34:10. | |
former Spurs and Newcastle winger who won 17 caps for France, David | :34:11. | :34:18. | |
Ginola, join me to conduct a sad post ortem on England football, it | :34:19. | :34:21. | |
didn't go too well tonight. Here we have two of the industry's finest to | :34:22. | :34:28. | |
dissect what went wrong. The finest. David is pointing to you first, is | :34:29. | :34:34. | |
that it, is it all over, does this small tiny shred of mathematical | :34:35. | :34:40. | |
miracles? I'm very disappointed, I have just left a huge audience of | :34:41. | :34:45. | |
people and pundits and we are all shocked and saddened. I think it is | :34:46. | :34:48. | |
a night for hysteria, to be honest. I think it is a night for calm | :34:49. | :34:54. | |
reflection. Calm reflection in football! We don't get much of it, | :34:55. | :35:01. | |
do we. To be honest with you. I have just decided with David here, and he | :35:02. | :35:07. | |
has some very strong issues about the way the English play or the | :35:08. | :35:12. | |
national team play. As a team. There are many points that he makes that I | :35:13. | :35:16. | |
would agree with, but you know what I think we have to be very careful | :35:17. | :35:19. | |
not to throw the baby out with the bath water. Let's hear some of the | :35:20. | :35:22. | |
strong points, what is your diagnosis on why it appears to | :35:23. | :35:29. | |
happen again and again? I'm pretty sad about not just the result but | :35:30. | :35:34. | |
the manner. You expect a team to go to play in the World Cup in Brazil | :35:35. | :35:39. | |
first of all to enjoy yourself. You need to see players to really enjoy | :35:40. | :35:43. | |
themselves on the football pitch, playing together, as a team, playing | :35:44. | :35:48. | |
for England for the people back in England, watches the games. I was | :35:49. | :35:52. | |
watching the game with 200 fans tonight. They were so disappointed, | :35:53. | :35:59. | |
obviously they were disappointed they lost tonight and against | :36:00. | :36:08. | |
Uruguay, it is almost done. They realised they will go back to | :36:09. | :36:13. | |
England with plenty of regrets. Expectations were lower, shouldn't | :36:14. | :36:16. | |
people just accept it? If you look at the squad and take players | :36:17. | :36:20. | |
individually, you can see quality there. You can see plenty of | :36:21. | :36:25. | |
qualities. Your spent they should be better but they don't play as a | :36:26. | :36:29. | |
team? It is no way if you, you need to pass the ball more than three | :36:30. | :36:36. | |
times without losing it, you need to possess the ball. This is the key in | :36:37. | :36:41. | |
modern football. So Garth is that true, should England fans be feeling | :36:42. | :36:46. | |
let down because they don't gel together as a team? English fans | :36:47. | :36:51. | |
when they lose feel let down, we are all disappointed tonight. Maybe they | :36:52. | :36:56. | |
should have lower expectations. We are playing a better brand of | :36:57. | :37:00. | |
football than we were ten years ago, it is more pleasing on the eye, we | :37:01. | :37:04. | |
try to pass, maybe not with great success. It is not getting them very | :37:05. | :37:08. | |
far, tonight Uruguay have got three million people and they managed to | :37:09. | :37:12. | |
beat the team? But they have a very good football team. Why is that | :37:13. | :37:17. | |
then? They have a very good football team. And so do Italy. They both | :37:18. | :37:21. | |
have very good football teams. I'm not making any excuses for the fact | :37:22. | :37:26. | |
we have lost, we are disappointed. I can't affect the result, I'm trying | :37:27. | :37:30. | |
to look ahead and say, look what positives can we get out of the fact | :37:31. | :37:39. | |
that we have Ross Barclay, Sterly, Lelana, new exciting players coming | :37:40. | :37:43. | |
through. We mustn't lose sight of that. I have a slight problem with | :37:44. | :37:47. | |
this, because he mentioned those players, and they are very, very | :37:48. | :37:52. | |
talented players, but when you look at them playing for their clubs they | :37:53. | :37:56. | |
are different players. They are much better playing for the clubs? I have | :37:57. | :37:59. | |
been in a situation like that, playing for my country, and it is | :38:00. | :38:03. | |
more difficult. Because you don't have much time to spend with the | :38:04. | :38:07. | |
other players to work on the tactics on the relationship, on the links | :38:08. | :38:12. | |
with the players. So you need to be intelligent, you need to be smart, | :38:13. | :38:16. | |
you need to be quick. Shouldn't players be playing their heart out | :38:17. | :38:21. | |
for their country, more so than for their club, how does that stack up? | :38:22. | :38:25. | |
That is what David is talking about. He's talking about synergy, he's | :38:26. | :38:29. | |
talking about all being able to connect. Liverpool who had a great | :38:30. | :38:34. | |
season, Manchester City and Arsenal, it doesn't click in five minutes, it | :38:35. | :38:39. | |
takes years. National teams don't quite have that. These days you get | :38:40. | :38:46. | |
a month. Just finally to both of you, should Roy Hodgson stay in his | :38:47. | :38:52. | |
job? Absolutely, come on. Come on. Absolutely stays in the job. Come | :38:53. | :38:56. | |
on. England needs stability, they need to look at the future in a | :38:57. | :39:01. | |
brighter way. They have got talented players, we talk about it and this | :39:02. | :39:07. | |
is the bright future of England. But, to win major competitions they | :39:08. | :39:12. | |
need to play as a team and not as individuals. We are disappointed but | :39:13. | :39:16. | |
we are not hysterical. Thank you both very much for coming in. And | :39:17. | :39:21. | |
who knows, Costa Rico Italy. Snore if you like, ignore at will, but | :39:22. | :39:26. | |
more than a quarter of a billion people are signed up to the social | :39:27. | :39:32. | |
network Twitter, its shares trade at nearly $40 a piece. Many of the | :39:33. | :39:35. | |
world's leaders and footballers are falling over themselves to share | :39:36. | :39:39. | |
their thoughts in 140 characters or less with those who have been game | :39:40. | :39:43. | |
enough to follow them. Whether mainstream popularity like that | :39:44. | :39:47. | |
turns out to be the death knell of what was once deeply cool, Twitter | :39:48. | :39:51. | |
is a significant part of the on-line and political landscape. | :39:52. | :40:03. | |
Twitter had sketchy beginnings, literally, its origins scrawled in | :40:04. | :40:11. | |
the network of Jack Dorsey, he built it with coconspirator, the first | :40:12. | :40:13. | |
tweet sent in 2006, one of the it with coconspirator, the first | :40:14. | :40:20. | |
founders Biz Stone said they can be a force for good and make lots of | :40:21. | :40:25. | |
money. It spread fast among the geeks, Ashton Kucher was the first | :40:26. | :40:34. | |
to reach one million followers, and the politicians took a long time to | :40:35. | :40:41. | |
catch up. The innantness of Twitter means too many twits might make a | :40:42. | :40:48. | |
twit! That might seem a little left behind. Twitter is the largest | :40:49. | :40:51. | |
political soapbox of it all, even the Pope is on board, and a Wall | :40:52. | :40:57. | |
Street float left its creators very wealthy men. Biz Stone has now | :40:58. | :41:06. | |
written the story of how micromessaging, can in his view | :41:07. | :41:09. | |
change the world. Spreading the news of the crash on the Hudson, well | :41:10. | :41:13. | |
before traditional media caught on, to providing a voice for activists | :41:14. | :41:16. | |
during the Arab Spring to be heard around the world. Big change can | :41:17. | :41:27. | |
come in small packages. Biz Stone the cofound founder is -- the | :41:28. | :41:32. | |
cofounder is with us now. You invented a way of sending messages | :41:33. | :41:38. | |
for 140 characters or less, but chosen to write a book with tens of | :41:39. | :41:43. | |
thousands of words, why? I was asked to deliver masterclass at a | :41:44. | :41:48. | |
university last year and it became something all around the world. I | :41:49. | :41:53. | |
noticed high schools and CEOs found the lessons I learned throughout my | :41:54. | :41:57. | |
life and at Twitter resonated with them. When someone asked me to write | :41:58. | :42:02. | |
a book, I thought what shall I write a book about it and I thought I | :42:03. | :42:08. | |
would base it on the lecture. You could have written it on-line, or | :42:09. | :42:12. | |
put it on-line for free, you chose a more traditional way of publishing? | :42:13. | :42:23. | |
I wanted to create an act at the artefact. I came from publishing and | :42:24. | :42:27. | |
I liked the idea of it. When you started out with your friends on the | :42:28. | :42:32. | |
west coast, it happened by accident during a hack aen to, as you | :42:33. | :42:36. | |
describe it in the book. What did you think Twitter would be when you | :42:37. | :42:39. | |
started? It was more something that was fun. We wanted to, our first | :42:40. | :42:46. | |
attempt at creating a start-up after leaving Google had failed, and we | :42:47. | :42:49. | |
just said let's just work on something that we're interested in. | :42:50. | :42:53. | |
That is all it was. It was just joyful. When did you realise it was | :42:54. | :42:57. | |
something that could actually be big and people would use it in all sorts | :42:58. | :43:00. | |
of different ways you didn't expect, when did you realise? My perception | :43:01. | :43:05. | |
of Twitter was profoundly changed in March 2007 when I went to a | :43:06. | :43:09. | |
technology conference and I noticed that this was the first time we were | :43:10. | :43:12. | |
seeing Twitter in the wild and I heard a story about a man who was at | :43:13. | :43:17. | |
a pub, wanted to, noticed the pub was too loud and wanted to talk with | :43:18. | :43:22. | |
his friends so he sent out a tweet saying let's move to the other pub, | :43:23. | :43:27. | |
in the eight minutes it took to move to the pub, there was lines out the | :43:28. | :43:33. | |
doors. Plan backfired. He sent a tweet his followers decided it was a | :43:34. | :43:38. | |
good idea, and they tweeted. The image was a flock of birds moving | :43:39. | :43:43. | |
around a bird in flight, something that looks choreographed and | :43:44. | :43:47. | |
planned, but the mechanics of flocking are simple. You saw it | :43:48. | :43:50. | |
changing behaviour? It was the only time ever seen a technology allow | :43:51. | :43:57. | |
human beings in real time to behave as one organism, it chilled me. | :43:58. | :44:02. | |
Chilled you, that's interesting, you thought that was frightening? That | :44:03. | :44:06. | |
was a party what if it had been, the thing I thought what if it had been | :44:07. | :44:10. | |
something dramatic, something important, something serious like a | :44:11. | :44:13. | |
disaster. That's when we went back and created Twitter Incorporated, | :44:14. | :44:21. | |
before that it was a protect. Ject. Then you had the American state | :44:22. | :44:27. | |
department not to close your servers so Twitter could be up and running | :44:28. | :44:31. | |
during demonstrations in Iran. Asked us. At one moment it was in a | :44:32. | :44:38. | |
conference for professional geeks and the next affecting | :44:39. | :44:43. | |
demonstrations in countries hundreds of miles away? It entered the world | :44:44. | :44:47. | |
stage, it became part of the vocabulary of the world stage. We | :44:48. | :44:51. | |
were mentioned, the Twitter brand name got linked to a lot of things. | :44:52. | :44:56. | |
But I always maintain that it was about the people, it was about the | :44:57. | :44:59. | |
brave people who were bleeding and dying on the streets and it was, if | :45:00. | :45:04. | |
Twitter was to be a triumph it was to be a triumph of humanity not | :45:05. | :45:10. | |
technology. There is a dark side to humanity, Twitter is also catnip for | :45:11. | :45:14. | |
people who want to abuse other people, who want to be unpleasant, | :45:15. | :45:20. | |
who want to post abusive sometimes graphic hidious messages. Even ISIS | :45:21. | :45:25. | |
have been using Twitter. How do you feel about that? In order to create | :45:26. | :45:31. | |
the platform for freedom of speech you have to honour freedom of | :45:32. | :45:36. | |
speech, you can't cure rate that, as soon as -- curate that, conditions | :45:37. | :45:45. | |
you do that you lose the trust of the people. People are basically and | :45:46. | :45:48. | |
fundamentally good, way more people are good than bad. You have to take | :45:49. | :45:56. | |
the good with the bad in the large scale platforms. Could Twitter | :45:57. | :46:01. | |
disappear, a few years ago MySpace was huge, and we have seen, tech | :46:02. | :46:06. | |
companies come and go, we are fickle. Could it disappear? I see | :46:07. | :46:11. | |
Twitter as a company of enduring value. Something that is proven that | :46:12. | :46:18. | |
it is of value to everyone from personal individuals to heads of | :46:19. | :46:22. | |
state, to organisations, so I think it is here to stay. I won't ask you | :46:23. | :46:29. | |
to put it into 140 characters. That's all we have time for good | :46:30. | :46:39. | |
night. Thanks for watching. Pressure is high this side of the | :46:40. | :46:48. | |
Atlantic, another dry day for most of us on Friday. Sunny spells. The | :46:49. | :46:52. | |
winds light for the most part, breezy around western coasts for | :46:53. | :46:58. | |
example, but some cloud, some sunshine. A decent-looking day | :46:59. | :47:01. | |
across Northern Ireland. Cloud around the northern coasts, the | :47:02. | :47:05. | |
cloudiest weather in the North West Highlands of Scotland up to the | :47:06. | :47:09. | |
Northern Isles, one or two spots of rain, cool | :47:10. | :47:11. |