Man versus Machine Talking Business


Man versus Machine

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Imagine a future where machines permeate every aspect of our lives.

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That reality is frankly already upon us.

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Artificial intelligence is in our homes, in our cars,

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But, how will artificial intelligence or AI changed the way

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we do business in Asia bastion Mark and what challenges will it bring?

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All of that and more on this edition of Talking Business.

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There is so much talk about artificial intelligence these

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And deep learning, another phrase that is often thrown about.

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We'll be speaking with a panel of experts in just a moment

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Artificial intelligence is a blanket term for any kind of technology

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or software that enables machines to perform tasks on their own.

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It is very much a part of our everyday lives.

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From something as simple as automated factories

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to intelligent personal assistance like Google Assistant,

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But AI is slowly evolving into something much more complex.

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Deep learning is one branch of machine learning that teaches

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computers to process information on several different

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layers at the same time, much like neural networks

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Part of that is for machines to learn for themselves

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by the accumulating and extracting patterns from huge amounts

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But the eventual goal is for machines to incorporate

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aspects of human intuition and emotional intelligence

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As we teach machines to be more independent of human beings,

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we are also asking questions about what could potentially go

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wrong, and more importantly, what all who the smart machines

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of the future will be held accountable to.

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Artificial intelligence or AI is already being used

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in many industry and business processing today.

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Deep learning within AI is really the next frontier.

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But what kinds of possibilities does this open up for businesses?

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With us we have Modar Alaoui the founder and CEO of deep learning

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It makes, amongst other things, Eyeris is a deep emotion recognition

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software that reads facial micro-expressions in real-time.

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Vasilios Vonikakis, a research scientist

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with the Advances Digital Sciences Center.

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And the chief technology officer of Coin Tech, dealing with deep

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learning and automation in the transport and

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Thank you, gentlemen, for joining us today,

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to talk about artificial intelligence and deep learning.

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I'd like to start with you, Modar. What is deep learning?

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How would you describe it to our audience?

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In image recognition, deep learning enables algorithms

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to recognise the same face from different angles,

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and in text recognition, it would try to identify the text

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In, for example, speech recognition, it would try to identify

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the same keyword or phrases from different accents.

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So, it needs a lot of data to be able to do this.

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Typically, a lot of data but a lot of quality data as well

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so not just quantity, but also the quality of the data.

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Yuris, in your business, can you explain how you use deep

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So, we do a couple of things, basically.

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One of the things we do is we do recoup addition of passing trains

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and different kinds of things about it, what is normal,

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what is not, starting from very simple things like numbers,

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which was initially how we started it.

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And, then, moving on to identifying different kinds of issues.

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Lately, we also use this to identify things which, from video feeds,

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what is happening in the city, like how many pedestrians, cyclists,

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cyclists with helmets, cyclists without helmets,

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with child seats, without trial seats in the back, transport

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all the information you can get from any video stream,

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transferring this into actually valuable real-life data.

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Vasilios, how do you see deep learning being useful in Asia?

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Because you are working here at the advanced science

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How far along has the research and the technology become advanced?

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Basically, there is a lot of research in this field

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going on in the local universities and in many different research

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I have seen a lot of start-ups, actually, utilising this type

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of technology, start-ups that have to do with observer recognition,

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in order to help shoppers find similar looking items from a big

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database and going directly and buying this item online.

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It has also been used in autonomous vehicles, a lot.

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This is a very ongoing research in this direction.

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Modar, where do you see the most advanced usage

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Image recognition still holds a number of challenges,

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simply because we cannot map the entire world in a very

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short period of time, nor can we do it that efficiently.

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So, I do believe that is an area that is also ripe for research.

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Not in Asia, but in the world in general.

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What I'm interested in is the deep learning that is trying to break.

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Because I understand having developed from machine learning,

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as a result of the limitations of machine learning,

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would it be fair to say that there are limitations

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I would say that deep learning is just the next

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step, not even close to full artificial intelligence.

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The limitations are set there are regarding the ideas

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about what are the tasks that we want deep learning

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Do we want to recognise images? Do we want to recognise speech?

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What kind of images are we searching for?

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So, it is not about making decisions.

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It is actually about doing specific tasks at a certain level,

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so precision is also important, to understand what is relevant

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and what is an acceptable level of precision, for example.

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So, to follow up on that, how is it being used in real life?

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If you can talk specifically to some industries, what kinds of functions

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or what kind of people is deep learning replacing?

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Yes, some examples of the things we are doing.

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Like, when you talk about on the railroad,

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passing over the train or the wagon between two companies or two

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motocross and points or something like that,

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we actually have a bunch of people running around doing

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different kinds of checks, visually checking it,

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doing this stuff 24 hours a day, seven days a week at all the time.

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So, what we do, we actually managed to replace them,

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to take the necessity of way, and this is a very simple

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and but there are still thousands of people who are actually

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So, Vassilios, currently, deep learning isn't taking over

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the entire supply chain of the labour force employed

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Do you see that changing in the future?

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Do you see more businesses employing deep learning and replacing people

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I think that I can see in the future a lot of jobs being displaced by AI.

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So, many people are talking about new

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Yes, for sure, but I think the rate at which this happens will not be

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as great as the rate with which the jobs become obsolete.

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So, for example, if you take autonomous vehicles,

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actually went this bull happen, you can say that a lot of jobs

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will be displaced there, like truck drivers, taxi

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Yes, I can add on top of this as well, a lot

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You talk about security guards in the malls and everything else,

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that is another industry where there are a lot

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of people working for it, they are considerably not

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the highest level of jobs, they are not that technology

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intensive, and these are very likely to be either replaced or optimised

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as part of applying more and more technology solutions.

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Modar, do you see this becoming a sort of long-running industry

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trend for the future or will deep learning, as we have been

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discussing, hit a barrier and another breakthrough has

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As in everything, technology will definitely be a barrier,

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Just like what we have seen with machine learning and other

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But I do have to say that deep learning is still in its infancy,

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there is still a long way for it to mature, and to disrupt a number

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of industries and lives before we can see it being potentially

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So, as it is now, deep learning requires a lot of data and a lot

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of good quality data, as you mentioned.

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So, as it is now, deep learning requires a lot of data and a lot

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of good quality data, as you mentioned.

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So, many people are working towards making this technology able

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to generalise better with less number of data,

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How can you train in the neural network with fewer examples in order

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to generalise as well as it will be with a large area of data assets?

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Another direction is how to make these deep learning networks learn

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by themselves unsupervised without having to tell them exactly.

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But on that point of unsupervised learning, we have seen incidents

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already just recently of when unsupervised learning

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or an attempt to make this kind of technology more independent,

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One example that comes to mind, for example, the hate tweets.

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That is an example of trying to educate a chat bot, if you will,

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to do a certain thing, has ended up having the adverse

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Supervised is here to stay they because at least we know that,

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you know, ground truth data is being labelled basically by human

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beings, therefore we are stirring up the level of accuracy there.

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Unsupervised is still going to have a certain number of question

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marks around it at least for the foreseeable future.

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There is a lot of effort being conducted there.

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One thing I wanted to add to this also is that it is not just that

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deep learning technology which has to advance, we also have to add arms

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The ability to interact with people, the ability to see the world,

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so we talk about all sorts of vision development which include also

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sound, image, video, whatever you are processing that

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So, it has to be hand-in-hand to become better, so it is not just

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Hold that thought, gentlemen, we are going to be talking

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about deep learning in just a few minutes again but before that,

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let's take a tongue in cheek look at deep learning

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Deep learning, it is the latest phrase that I'm going to impress

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But it will have applications that might actually surprise you.

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I've come to the seat of learning here at Trinity College Dublin,

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to find out about one of the surprising ways in which deep

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Deep learning, it is a great phrase, isn't it?

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It combines two wonderful words, learning, what

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You take away key learnings from the meeting, use it

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at the foot of the master, learning lots of wisdom and deep,

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Deep Thought was the famous computer in the Hitchhiker's

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Deep Blue was the first computer to beta human at chess,

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so combine the two of them, it has got to be good, right?

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It certainly sounds better than careful, now.

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Let's meet Dr Ahmed Salim at the Connect Research Institute

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He's developed, along with Dr Mohammed Elgary,

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a portrait painting technique which is based on deep learning.

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This is how Frank Gough would paint me.

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What we have here enables you to photograph and the van Gogh

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painting, the model by itself, produces these results.

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Look at me. A masterpiece.

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We are using these models to do feature extraction.

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Then we upload these features into our mathematical model.

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It will generate the painting that we are looking for.

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Professor Linda Doyle has a view on the bigger picture.

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Actually, it is true, the eyes do follow you around the room.

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Artificial intelligence is already actually embedded

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in the world around us, and people don't realise that.

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So, when they think of artificial intelligence, they tend to think

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about robots and science fiction and things they have seen on TV,

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whereas in fact in everything that you do, in Google,

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in Facebook, and in all the applications that

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you use, there is some kind of artificial intelligence there.

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If you have an algorithm that shows you how to avoid having an accident,

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there has to be some decision-making process that says A is more

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important than B so I'll bump into B rather than A.

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That have to be put in by humans somewhere.

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Yes, there is a lot of to think about when it comes to artificial

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intelligence and this iterative machine learning.

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So, when you think about artificial intelligence, what you are saying

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is that the algorithms running in the background that are learning

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behaviour and making decisions, but they don't do that in a vacuum,

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If you believe that human beings are a finite number

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of cells or whatever it is, trillions, eventually,

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we are going to make artificial intelligence that will be smarter

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We have to grapple with the ethical issues now because artificial

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intelligence isn't something of the future, it is

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Mm, where to immortalise myself on the wall?

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Of course, when you talk about anything like AI,

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there are still so many questions that remain because so much

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One thing I can say, now, though, is a rebuttal to anyone who ever

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If you like that, you can catch more of those videos

:16:29.:16:34.

Now, back to some serious business with our panel of experts.

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Today we have with us Modar Alaoui from Eyeris.

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Vassilios Vonikakis with the Advanced Digital Sciences

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Before the break, we were discussing the possibilities of deep learning.

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Now I want to talk about some of the fears that have cropped up,

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There is always this discussion about how machines

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Who is to be held responsible with the current technology

:17:12.:17:17.

that we have in place today for example, autonomous cars,

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if there is an accident when an autonomous car

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Maybe, Modar, you could pick that up.

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Yeah, well, there has to be a certain, you know,

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I do potentially think that there will have to be some sort

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I also leave that companies and governments and authorities

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will have at some point to decide how the AI should respond

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For example, the autonomous vehicle accidents, recently an announcement

:17:52.:18:00.

was made by one of the automotive companies, they made the choice

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for the AI that is going to be inside the vehicle to protect

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the driver at any given time, whether that protects the pedestrian

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or the person that is in front of the vehicle.

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the driver at any given time, rather that protects the pedestrian

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or the person that is in front of the vehicle.

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Who to blame and how to think about how AI would respond

:18:31.:18:34.

But doesn't this bring up a whole host of questions about how this

:18:35.:18:39.

kind of technology is going to be applied in daily life?

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Given the fact that currently it is on track to replace so many

:18:43.:18:47.

jobs, and we were talking about it before the break, it is going to be

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something that we are going to see more of in the future,

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shouldn't we be trying to answer these questions

:18:56.:18:57.

From my perspective, I would like to use a very

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One of the Ps would be for precision.

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That will differ from case to case, from application to application.

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Another one would be personal data protection.

:19:15.:19:15.

The third thing would be predictability which would be

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actually to do with the ability to predict something.

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And the fourth one would be the productivity issue.

:19:24.:19:27.

Where we say that machines can be more productive

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If you look at this perspective, then the question of ethics

:19:30.:19:33.

Because it is not just about autonomous vehicles,

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it is also about health care, it is also about diagnostics,

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and so, the way people perceive trust is actually changing

:19:40.:19:42.

And I think that is also one of the changes which isn't

:19:43.:19:49.

going to be about technology, isn't going to be about science,

:19:50.:19:52.

it is going to be one of the changes which will be about the perception

:19:53.:19:56.

of people, the way they see the world, the way they see

:19:57.:19:58.

the tech ologies they trust, and then of course we can talk

:19:59.:20:01.

principles about decision-making. into the deep learning,

:20:02.:20:11.

But the more complex systems get, the more demands there will be. How

:20:12.:20:19.

do we make the technology fair for everyone? Click for example Google

:20:20.:20:27.

along with Amazon and Facebook and Microsoft, if I were to mention

:20:28.:20:33.

these as the four or five horsemen companies, they have the ability to

:20:34.:20:40.

time they recognise that using it time they recognise that using it

:20:41.:20:47.

for the greater good of advancing humanity is of paramount role than

:20:48.:20:57.

to use it otherwise. What happens if or when an entity like this comes an

:20:58.:21:03.

independent freethinking entity? I know we are delving into the realm

:21:04.:21:08.

of science fiction here but, you know, it was far-fetched about five

:21:09.:21:11.

or ten years ago to talk about deep learning, who is to say it is deep

:21:12.:21:18.

-- far-fetched to talk about this? If you look at where we are now, we

:21:19.:21:23.

are still miles, not even Miles, millions of miles away from having

:21:24.:21:29.

an entity like this. Unless there is some hidden research which nobody

:21:30.:21:33.

knows about. Most of the research which is open is still focusing on

:21:34.:21:37.

specific tasks, it is still about being better in a very specific,

:21:38.:21:46.

narrow task. It is about being good about decision-making, being

:21:47.:21:52.

cognitive, making decisions on a larger scale, we are still very far

:21:53.:21:58.

away from this. Do you think we are getting closer to the stage where

:21:59.:22:01.

machines will be able to make decisions that currently humans do?

:22:02.:22:07.

Gradually, yes, but it will take some time. I expect that the things

:22:08.:22:13.

that we already have will become better and better over time.

:22:14.:22:17.

Usually, I think that weekend to overestimate what we can do in the

:22:18.:22:23.

short term. We tend to overestimate what we can do in the long run. I

:22:24.:22:30.

think, generally, AI will become better and better but it will always

:22:31.:22:35.

be applications specific, at least for the near future. Thank you

:22:36.:22:40.

gentlemen for joining us for this discussion on deep learning. That is

:22:41.:22:44.

it for this edition of Talking Business in Singapore.

:22:45.:23:03.

After a great and misty day, a murky night on the way tonight. Be wary

:23:04.:23:11.

and the Woakes, fog would

:23:12.:23:12.

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