01/04/2016 Victoria Derbyshire


01/04/2016

Similar Content

Browse content similar to 01/04/2016. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!

Transcript


LineFromTo

Welcome to the programme. Our top story.

:00:07.:00:13.

More than a million workers get a pay rise today,

:00:14.:00:17.

as the National Living Wage takes effect.

:00:18.:00:22.

But it's predicted jobs will be lost if companies struggle to pay

:00:23.:00:25.

Also ahead, Business Secretary Sajid Javid prepares to meet Port Talbot

:00:26.:00:29.

steelworkers following criticism over his absence in Australia

:00:30.:00:30.

since the Tata sell-off hit the industry.

:00:31.:00:32.

Workers tell us they want the government to step in.

:00:33.:00:35.

And the viola player who says his hearing is irreversibly

:00:36.:00:38.

damaged because he had to sit too close to his

:00:39.:00:41.

I've been a professional musician since I went to music college.

:00:42.:00:49.

So since I was 17, for the last quarter of a century,

:00:50.:00:54.

music was my income and my everything really.

:00:55.:01:10.

Hello. Welcome to the programme.

:01:11.:01:11.

We'll keep you across the latest breaking and developing stories.

:01:12.:01:17.

Also ahead, from today, the NHS is being told it must get

:01:18.:01:24.

better at investigating and learning from its mistakes.

:01:25.:01:26.

A new investigations board will ensure errors

:01:27.:01:27.

We'll speak to one mum whose son died and tells us the medical

:01:28.:01:34.

profession needs to be less defensive when things go wrong.

:01:35.:01:37.

Please feel free to get in touch whenever you'd like.

:01:38.:01:39.

Use the hashtag #VictoriaLIVE and if you text,

:01:40.:01:41.

you will be charged at the standard network rate.

:01:42.:01:43.

You can watch the programme online wherever

:01:44.:01:48.

you are - via the BBC News app or our website bbc.co.uk/victoria.

:01:49.:01:51.

More than a million workers will receive

:01:52.:01:56.

a pay rise, as the new National Living Wage comes into force.

:01:57.:01:59.

It will mean that employers will have to pay all workers aged 25

:02:00.:02:03.

or over at least ?7.20 an hour and is expected to give 1.3 million

:02:04.:02:06.

Unions have welcomed the new hourly rate, but business groups have

:02:07.:02:14.

warned that some firms may have to cut jobs as a result

:02:15.:02:17.

Let's go over to York and speak to our business correspondent Ben

:02:18.:02:21.

What is the feeling thereabouts it? Good morning. We are in York because

:02:22.:02:33.

this is one of the industries, the hospitality industry, that will feel

:02:34.:02:36.

the increased more than most. It will be things like hospitality,

:02:37.:02:40.

health care, retail and social work you will see a rise in wages of 50p

:02:41.:02:45.

per hour to ?7.20. Some of the workers here will get a payday that

:02:46.:02:49.

equates to about ?1000 extra over the course of the year. Welcome news

:02:50.:02:54.

for them but the big issue is what it could cost business. This hotel

:02:55.:02:57.

has just undergone refurbishment but they have said they may have do have

:02:58.:03:01.

put off how long that will last before they refurbish again if they

:03:02.:03:06.

are taking on extra costs associated with paying the staff more. The

:03:07.:03:09.

other option is whether they pass the extra cost on to customers, the

:03:10.:03:13.

people staying in the hotel but whether they would be prepared to

:03:14.:03:16.

pay more money every night for their room as a result of higher prices

:03:17.:03:21.

for its staff. Crucially, today, it's also worth remembering that

:03:22.:03:24.

this increased only applies to workers over the age of 25. If you

:03:25.:03:29.

are under 25, you will still get the national minimum wage, not the new

:03:30.:03:35.

National Living Wage. That is set at ?7.20 per hour from today. A big

:03:36.:03:40.

increase across-the-board but there are also fears that it could lead to

:03:41.:03:44.

fewer jobs in the economy as well. Some estimates show that workers and

:03:45.:03:48.

firms will put off hiring workers, about 60,000 fewer jobs in the

:03:49.:03:52.

economy as a result of the increased burden on business. Big questions

:03:53.:03:56.

about the impact on business but at the same time, welcome news for

:03:57.:03:59.

workers in some industries and some professions that say they have not

:04:00.:04:02.

been paid enough up until now. The government says this is a payday

:04:03.:04:04.

which is long overdue. Thanks, Ben. Later in the programme,

:04:05.:04:07.

we'll hear from people We'll also hear from businesses,

:04:08.:04:09.

some of whom say it could force them Is it affecting you? Let us know

:04:10.:04:13.

what you think on social media. Keeping us across the rest

:04:14.:04:19.

of the day's news is Maxine. She's in the BBC Newsroom

:04:20.:04:22.

with a round-up of what else The Business Secretary,

:04:23.:04:24.

Sajid Javid today visits the threatened Port Talbot

:04:25.:04:28.

steel works today - and is expected to meet some

:04:29.:04:30.

of the workers who fear He's expected to tell them

:04:31.:04:32.

that the government will use all official and diplomatic levers

:04:33.:04:36.

to secure the future the threatened Port Talbot

:04:37.:04:38.

steel works today - The Indian-owned Tata group has

:04:39.:04:44.

announced its All ready to sell off the loss-making business,

:04:45.:04:47.

which employs nearly 15,000 Let's got more on this

:04:48.:04:49.

from our political correspondent Chris Mason, who's in our

:04:50.:04:52.

Westminster studio. is this what they want to hear up

:04:53.:05:03.

their in Port Talbot? Are they going to believe what they are told, given

:05:04.:05:08.

what has happened so far? I think they will be glad the Business

:05:09.:05:12.

Secretary has finally rolled up in south Wales, swapping New South

:05:13.:05:15.

Wales. Wales, given that he's been away in Australia for the last

:05:16.:05:18.

couple of days and facing quite a bit of political heat as a result.

:05:19.:05:23.

We are told by Sajid Javid's team that he will make as positive a case

:05:24.:05:28.

as he can about the future of steel-making in the UK. But the

:05:29.:05:33.

language from the government has been pretty cautious in the last

:05:34.:05:36.

couple of days. I think a recognition that there is a limited

:05:37.:05:39.

amount at this stage that they can do. An increasing amount of heat

:05:40.:05:45.

about what, in the view of some, they have not done, particularly

:05:46.:05:49.

around the issue of what is known as Paris, suggesting there's a huge

:05:50.:05:52.

amount of steel floating around at the moment from China which has

:05:53.:05:56.

driven down the world price and the UK, in the view of some, could have

:05:57.:06:00.

done more to effectively put a greater price tag on that Chinese

:06:01.:06:04.

steel by imposing tariffs. The government has argued in the past

:06:05.:06:07.

that to do that would have bumped up the price of steel for consumers,

:06:08.:06:14.

for buyers of the product. I suspect that question about government

:06:15.:06:17.

action or inaction on tariffs will follow Sajid Javid to south Wales

:06:18.:06:22.

today. How politically difficult is this, do you think? It's very, very

:06:23.:06:26.

awkward for the government. On the one hand, as conservatives, the

:06:27.:06:29.

instinct of many in the government is do not intervene in a big way in

:06:30.:06:33.

the free market, to allow free enterprise to succeed or fail,

:06:34.:06:36.

depending on whether or not they can make a profit in the market. And

:06:37.:06:43.

yet, we have seen some conservatives make the argument that perhaps

:06:44.:06:45.

nationalisation, buying these plants back would be a good idea. The Prime

:06:46.:06:48.

Minister seems to have ruled this out. So what can the government do

:06:49.:06:52.

without racking up a huge bill for the taxpayer? That is the big

:06:53.:06:56.

question. Can they offer some support for the pension liabilities

:06:57.:07:00.

of the firm, for instance? Or some kind of financial support in the

:07:01.:07:03.

short term to keep the plants open until a buyer can be found? But can

:07:04.:07:07.

a buyer be found when the existing owners, Tata Steel acknowledged that

:07:08.:07:11.

they are losing millions of pounds a week keeping the plant open? It is

:07:12.:07:15.

very difficult. Thank you for joining us. Chris Maize on, there.

:07:16.:07:18.

-- Chris Mason. There are now more adults

:07:19.:07:20.

in the world who are obese, than those who are classed

:07:21.:07:23.

as underweight, according Hundreds of scientists,

:07:24.:07:25.

led by a team at Imperial College London, warn that if the current

:07:26.:07:29.

trend continues, one fifth of the world will be obese

:07:30.:07:31.

in ten years' time. Here's our health

:07:32.:07:34.

correspondent Jane Dreaper. Our world is changing,

:07:35.:07:35.

and getting bigger. This research points out

:07:36.:07:37.

that four decades ago, being underweight was a far

:07:38.:07:41.

more common problem But now, more adults worldwide

:07:42.:07:44.

are obese than underweight. The scientists looked at data

:07:45.:07:50.

on height and weight from almost They found obesity in men

:07:51.:07:53.

has tripled since 1975, to more than 10% of them now,

:07:54.:08:00.

and it has more than doubled The US has the highest number

:08:01.:08:03.

of severely obese adults, more than 39 million, and women

:08:04.:08:10.

in the UK have the third-highest There is a global target that

:08:11.:08:13.

countries have agreed to, to actually stop the rise

:08:14.:08:19.

in obesity compared to 2010. We are not nearly

:08:20.:08:21.

on track to get there. But we hope that its existence

:08:22.:08:23.

actually modulates the sort of policies around food,

:08:24.:08:29.

that will help get closer. The authors want governments to make

:08:30.:08:32.

fruit and veg more affordable, and to tax sugar and

:08:33.:08:37.

highly processed foods. They say the problem of obesity

:08:38.:08:40.

is too significant to be tackled by giving people medication

:08:41.:08:43.

or building bike lanes. Hundreds more armed police officers

:08:44.:08:50.

will be stationed across the country poised to deal with

:08:51.:08:54.

a Paris-style terror attack. Police forces

:08:55.:08:56.

across England and Wales have begun recruiting an extra

:08:57.:08:58.

1,500 firearms officers. There's also to be an increase

:08:59.:09:02.

in the number of high-speed Most of the officers will be trained

:09:03.:09:04.

and equipped within Greater Manchester becomes the first

:09:05.:09:08.

English region to take responsibility for running its own

:09:09.:09:14.

health services today. Nearly 40 organisations are joining

:09:15.:09:17.

forces to take control Could this be the

:09:18.:09:20.

future of healthcare in Greater Manchester,

:09:21.:09:31.

targeting prevention This boxing gym in a

:09:32.:09:33.

deprived part of south Manchester trains youngsters to keep

:09:34.:09:40.

fit, focused and disciplined. Learn about the eating,

:09:41.:09:45.

and trying to be a sportsman instead And it sets them up

:09:46.:09:48.

on the right path for life, This is about better co-ordination

:09:49.:09:57.

between health and social care. Council leaders and NHS

:09:58.:10:01.

managers will pool budgets If one part of the system

:10:02.:10:02.

is not doing its bit, and because of that

:10:03.:10:10.

there's a knock-on effect elsewhere, previously

:10:11.:10:12.

there was no easy mechanism for knocking heads

:10:13.:10:15.

together and saying, "Look, you're letting

:10:16.:10:19.

the side down". That will change,

:10:20.:10:22.

that has to change. Some MPs are worried there is not

:10:23.:10:23.

enough cash or transparency. This system is incredibly complex,

:10:24.:10:30.

and if the point of devolving power was to give the people

:10:31.:10:35.

of Greater Manchester more control over the decisions that

:10:36.:10:37.

affect their lives, it's clear to me that we have

:10:38.:10:39.

a very, very long way to go Don't mistake this for some kind

:10:40.:10:42.

of NHS reorganisation. It is a radical attempt

:10:43.:10:47.

to transform people's health. But it is a political gamble,

:10:48.:10:52.

with huge implications for the rest A new rate of stamp duty for people

:10:53.:10:55.

investing in buy-to-let property and second homes comes

:10:56.:11:04.

into force today. Estate agents

:11:05.:11:05.

and solicitors reported a last-minute rush to complete

:11:06.:11:07.

property deals before the 3% increase came into

:11:08.:11:10.

effect at midnight. Police in the Indian city of Kolkata

:11:11.:11:14.

say at least 24 people are now known to have been killed when a partially

:11:15.:11:17.

built flyover collapsed. At least 100 people

:11:18.:11:21.

were injured in the collapse. The flyover came down

:11:22.:11:29.

into Kolkata's most densely Rescuers have been clearing

:11:30.:11:32.

the wreckage since yesterday. Our South Asia Correspondent

:11:33.:11:36.

has more from there. There is a huge amount

:11:37.:11:38.

of anger building here. Questions about

:11:39.:11:40.

whether it cut corners. It's now been revealed

:11:41.:11:43.

a number of Indian states had blacklisted

:11:44.:11:45.

the company that was building I have to say it's very

:11:46.:11:47.

noisy at the moment. As you can probably see,

:11:48.:11:51.

they're still clearing these huge lumps of concrete and twisted

:11:52.:11:54.

steel that collapsed down As I was saying, huge

:11:55.:11:57.

amounts of anger here, directed at the company which it's

:11:58.:12:08.

believed may have used Also at the local

:12:09.:12:11.

politicians who were urging the company to finish this

:12:12.:12:14.

much-delayed project. State elections are

:12:15.:12:16.

due in just a couple of days and this has become

:12:17.:12:18.

a huge political issue, not just in Kolkata,

:12:19.:12:21.

but across India. What we are seeing here

:12:22.:12:26.

is the last efforts to clear the rubble

:12:27.:12:28.

and debris from the site. You can probably see

:12:29.:12:31.

in front of me here, there is a large lorry

:12:32.:12:35.

and behind it is a digger Perhaps you can see

:12:36.:12:37.

it moving behind me? There is a digger clearing

:12:38.:12:40.

the last mounds of debris. In fact, within the last three

:12:41.:12:43.

hours, a body was pulled from the rubble,

:12:44.:12:46.

but the official line from the rescuers here is,

:12:47.:12:48.

they're not expecting to find I have to say, looking at how much

:12:49.:12:50.

of the debris that's been cleared from this site,

:12:51.:12:56.

it does seem unlikely any more But it is a scene

:12:57.:12:58.

of real devastation. On either side of the roads running

:12:59.:13:03.

up to this crossroads, the wreckage of rickshaws, burnt-out

:13:04.:13:07.

motorcycles, discarded belongings. A renowned viola player is suing

:13:08.:13:10.

the Royal Opera House in London for ruining his hearing

:13:11.:13:18.

and his career. Chris Goldsheider

:13:19.:13:22.

says his hearing was destroyed by brass instruments placed

:13:23.:13:23.

immediately behind him during rehearsals,

:13:24.:13:27.

when he was a member of orchestra The Musician's Union says hearing

:13:28.:13:30.

damage is a major problem The Royal Opera House

:13:31.:13:36.

denies it is responsible. And we'll be hearing

:13:37.:13:40.

from Chris Goldsheider, Debbie Harry, Michael Stipe,

:13:41.:13:42.

Cyndi Lauper and The Pixies are among the musicians who have

:13:43.:13:49.

been honouring David Bowie Originally organised

:13:50.:13:51.

as a retrospective, it become a memorial event after the singer's

:13:52.:13:58.

death from cancer in January. Organisers say they were overwhelmed

:13:59.:14:02.

by requests from performers keen to take part, and had

:14:03.:14:05.

to turn some down. That is the latest news. We will

:14:06.:14:12.

have more from you at 9:30am. Coming up in a moment -

:14:13.:14:18.

the Business Secretary Sajid Javid is set to meet Port Talbot

:14:19.:14:21.

steelworkers later today, and we'll hear from Tata workers

:14:22.:14:24.

who are heading into a uncertain future and say closure

:14:25.:14:27.

will be a disaster. Do get in touch with us

:14:28.:14:29.

throughout the morning - use the hashtag #VictoriaLIVE

:14:30.:14:34.

and If you text, you will be charged

:14:35.:14:36.

at the standard network rate. Let's catch up with the sport. We

:14:37.:14:46.

have some news on the Boxer Nick Blackwell. What can you tell us?

:14:47.:14:49.

It seems like some great news coming out of this story.

:14:50.:14:56.

We have some news on the boxer Nick Blackwell.

:14:57.:15:12.

He suffered a small bleed on the brain but hasn't required

:15:13.:15:17.

However, he won't be allowed to box again.

:15:18.:15:19.

It's been just a couple of weeks since Olympic cycling champion

:15:20.:15:22.

Victoria Pendleton swapped a bike for a horse on the biggest stage

:15:23.:15:25.

and fulfilled her ambition to compete at the Cheltenham

:15:26.:15:27.

Now her GB teammate Sir Chris Hoy is to race in one of motor sport's

:15:28.:15:32.

Sir Chris will live a childhood dream when he races in the Le Mans

:15:33.:15:36.

24 hour race in June - part of motor sport's

:15:37.:15:38.

It's not something I ever thought I'd get a chance to do.

:15:39.:15:42.

I think you dream of racing cars as a small boy,

:15:43.:15:45.

but you never think you're going to get the opportunity.

:15:46.:15:47.

And to think I will be starting on the grid at the same time as some

:15:48.:15:53.

of the world's best drivers on a legendary track,

:15:54.:15:55.

it's just an incredibly exciting opportunity.

:15:56.:15:56.

First practice gets underway at lunchtime for this weekend's

:15:57.:16:02.

Bahrain Grand Prix, but two-time F1 world champion,

:16:03.:16:04.

Fernando Alonso, won't be taking part.

:16:05.:16:05.

He's been ruled out of the race having not fully recovered from rib

:16:06.:16:09.

fractures and a partially collapsed lung after his high-speed crash

:16:10.:16:11.

at the Australian Grand Prix two weeks ago.

:16:12.:16:13.

West Indies will be represented at both the men's and women's

:16:14.:16:16.

That's after the men completed a seven-wicket win over

:16:17.:16:21.

The win sees them face England in Sunday's final in Kolkata

:16:22.:16:26.

England will certainly be aware it's not a one-man show in this team.

:16:27.:16:39.

Chris Gayle did not get off tonight but we managed to get over the line

:16:40.:16:46.

with a big total. He did not perform, but we were still able to

:16:47.:16:49.

put up a fight and that shows a lot of character from our players.

:16:50.:16:52.

Britain's Penny Coomes and Nick Buckland have claimed

:16:53.:16:54.

a career-best finish at the World Figure Skating

:16:55.:16:56.

The pair were making a comeback after illness forced them to miss

:16:57.:17:00.

last year's World and European championships, coming

:17:01.:17:01.

France's Gabriella Papadakis and Guillaume Cizeron clinched

:17:02.:17:05.

And British eventer William Fox-Pitt will return to competition this

:17:06.:17:14.

weekend, six months after suffering a head trauma in a serious accident.

:17:15.:17:17.

The three-time Olympic medallist has been out of action

:17:18.:17:19.

since being placed in an induced coma after falling at

:17:20.:17:21.

the World Young Horse Championships in October.

:17:22.:17:24.

He's entered the Burnham Market International Horse Trials,

:17:25.:17:26.

We'll be talking to the man himself at 10.30.

:17:27.:17:33.

I'll be back with the headlines at 9:30.

:17:34.:17:40.

It's been an uncertain week for thousands of steel workers

:17:41.:17:43.

at plants across the country, as Tata Steel announced

:17:44.:17:45.

If no buyer is found, the plants could be forced to close,

:17:46.:17:49.

We make a top quality product with a very highly skilled workforce who

:17:50.:18:02.

are second to none and they need to hear that we have a future for this

:18:03.:18:06.

plant. Somebody needs to come down here to see Mr Cameron himself. But

:18:07.:18:11.

I cannot see that happening. Somebody needs to come. The steel

:18:12.:18:13.

industry is more important. Business secretary Savid Javid

:18:14.:18:18.

visits the threatened Port Talbot site in south Wales

:18:19.:18:19.

today, after cutting short The government has been criticised

:18:20.:18:22.

for not intervening sooner. They need to start looking at

:18:23.:18:35.

stopping the Chinese completely. They are at least raising tariffs to

:18:36.:18:39.

the point of what they had in the USA, for argument's sake. They are

:18:40.:18:43.

not hanging about. They stepped in and protected the industry

:18:44.:18:48.

straightaway. We need to not be punished for the business rates that

:18:49.:18:55.

they put on us. We built a ?200 million new blast furnace in Port

:18:56.:19:00.

Talbot but we get taxed beyond belief for it. You do not punish

:19:01.:19:04.

people that bring in investment, you give them a fair crack at the whip

:19:05.:19:08.

and a chance of delivering something.

:19:09.:19:09.

The government insists it's doing everything

:19:10.:19:11.

possible to rescue the British steel industry, as it struggles with high

:19:12.:19:14.

energy prices and trying to compete against a flood of cheap

:19:15.:19:17.

We want to help to find a sustainable solution that will

:19:18.:19:28.

support the steel-making communities in the UK, but to be sustainable, it

:19:29.:19:34.

has to be a solution that recognises the contexts and the reality of a

:19:35.:19:40.

world which is drowning in an oversupply of steel. And we cannot

:19:41.:19:46.

simply ignore that, just continuing to produce steel of which there is

:19:47.:19:49.

not adequate demand is not the answer. It has to be a more nuanced

:19:50.:19:55.

solution that focuses on supporting the communities who are most

:19:56.:19:59.

affected by this oversupply in the market.

:20:00.:20:04.

Let's speak now to Scott Bamsey, one of the workers at the Tata Plant

:20:05.:20:07.

Also joining us is Tony Ellor who was made redundant when the van

:20:08.:20:14.

manufacturer he worked for collapsed in 2009.

:20:15.:20:16.

And he can tell us how his life has changed since. Scott, you were one

:20:17.:20:24.

of the workers at Port Talbot, and it is something that family members

:20:25.:20:30.

have done before you. Tell us, what is working there meant for you and

:20:31.:20:37.

your family? Good morning. I am a fourth-generation steelworker. I

:20:38.:20:39.

have a young family who rely on me. My brother and children work there,

:20:40.:20:44.

and my father and my great-grandfather. Even my

:20:45.:20:50.

great-grandfather. My whole family have earned good money from the

:20:51.:20:52.

steelworks over the years and we want the opportunity to continue to

:20:53.:20:56.

do so because it is all we know. Is it fair to say that it is a way of

:20:57.:21:00.

life for you as much as a job? Very much so. It is a way of life for

:21:01.:21:07.

myself, but it is not an unfamiliar story. Most people import all but

:21:08.:21:12.

have worked there, either directly or indirectly with family members

:21:13.:21:15.

working in the steelworks. The town is built on steel. If we lose our

:21:16.:21:22.

steelworks, I think we will lose Port Talbot as a town. It will

:21:23.:21:29.

become a ghost town. So how do you feel right now, with all of this

:21:30.:21:32.

uncertainty? Presumably everybody around you feels as vulnerable as

:21:33.:21:38.

you do. It is not a good time for myself and my family and colleagues.

:21:39.:21:44.

It is such an uncertain time. It is like a dark cloud hanging over our

:21:45.:21:48.

heads. We're just praying that we can get through this tough time. We

:21:49.:21:52.

need the government to step in and act. It is time to step up and save

:21:53.:22:00.

steel. If they give us money to keep us going, or time, that is all we

:22:01.:22:06.

need, time to find a buyer. Tata steel want to take us forward, to

:22:07.:22:11.

find a buyer. That is all we are asking for. Chris, you have worked

:22:12.:22:17.

for more than 21 years at the Tata plant in Rotherham. Is it the same

:22:18.:22:24.

for you? Is it a family concern? Exactly. I am third generation down

:22:25.:22:35.

at Rotherham. 21 years. To echo what has been said, if we lose that site,

:22:36.:22:41.

Rotherham will become a ghost town. We have just gone through a

:22:42.:22:47.

restructuring and I lost a lot of friends yesterday, who have gone

:22:48.:22:52.

down the road, and we just thought we were trying to build up again, to

:22:53.:22:56.

get a sustainable industry, and then we get the rug pulled over us. With

:22:57.:23:04.

the future so uncertain, are you thinking potentially about a change

:23:05.:23:07.

in your future or are you just really having to wait and see what

:23:08.:23:10.

happens at whether the plans can be saved? I am not painting a black

:23:11.:23:21.

picture yet. -- whether the plant. I'm hoping the government to support

:23:22.:23:25.

us. We need help and we want a level playing field to prove that we are

:23:26.:23:29.

the best, because we have got the best steel across the UK. And that

:23:30.:23:35.

is all we want. A level playing field, so we can compete. What would

:23:36.:23:41.

give you that? What do you want the government to do? A tariff would be

:23:42.:23:46.

a start. Business rates would help. And the energy costs. At Rotherham,

:23:47.:23:53.

it is recyclable steel, 100% recyclable. But we pay more green

:23:54.:24:02.

taxes than anybody. Tony, you went through what Scott and Chris went

:24:03.:24:10.

through now many years ago, when like them it was effectively the

:24:11.:24:14.

only job you had ever known. Tell us how you got through at. -- got

:24:15.:24:21.

through it. As a former van maker, at first the shock hits you and you

:24:22.:24:28.

are devastated. It takes time. It took me 18 months to get my feet

:24:29.:24:35.

back up and running. I am now working as a health care assistant

:24:36.:24:40.

in the NHS. I have just been promoted to ward housekeeper after

:24:41.:24:44.

working for six years in the NHS. And presumably the work you are

:24:45.:24:46.

doing now is something that you said we could not have envisaged before

:24:47.:24:52.

your life unfolded in the way that it did. Absolutely. I have gone from

:24:53.:24:58.

being an engineer to a health care assistant. It is totally different.

:24:59.:25:02.

What took you down that path? Were you given support when the business

:25:03.:25:07.

went under? When the business went under, we were given no support

:25:08.:25:12.

whatsoever. After six months you are classed as long-term unemployed and

:25:13.:25:16.

you get more help than when you are unemployed. Scott, you are shaking

:25:17.:25:19.

your head as you were listening. What do you think? For me, there are

:25:20.:25:26.

no jobs around here. I have not given up hope that we can save the

:25:27.:25:31.

steelworks and keep going. I don't know what I would do. I came here

:25:32.:25:35.

straight from school and I have not given a second thought of doing

:25:36.:25:38.

anything else. I don't know what I would do. I can't imagine it.

:25:39.:25:43.

Everyone else is in the same boat, people in their 40s or 50s, that is

:25:44.:25:49.

all they have ever done. Retraining, it is great to hear nice stories

:25:50.:25:55.

like that, but I cannot see it being the case in Port Talbot. There are

:25:56.:25:59.

so many people. Chris, you are nodding your head. Yes, you can

:26:00.:26:08.

applaud moving on, but you dread to think, if we lost the steel

:26:09.:26:11.

industry, we need a sustainable steel industry, and each area, Port

:26:12.:26:20.

Talbot, Shotton, Teesside, Scunthorpe, you name it, they will

:26:21.:26:27.

all become ghost towns and we cannot have that. For everyone

:26:28.:26:34.

steelworker's job, or four other jobs tied in. It would be

:26:35.:26:43.

devastating. -- there are four other jobs tied in. There is a big issue

:26:44.:26:47.

with the steel industry and so many people being caught up with this,

:26:48.:26:51.

not knowing what the future might be but in the end, individual

:26:52.:26:53.

self-preservation has to come through and that is what you found.

:26:54.:26:57.

When you hear Scott and Chris saying they cannot imagine another life,

:26:58.:27:02.

what do you say for them? -- say to them? I can see where they are

:27:03.:27:08.

coming from. You are blinkered and you do not see any way out, but

:27:09.:27:12.

there is help for you after six months. I got my confidence built

:27:13.:27:17.

back-up. Your confidence takes a shot. You are sending out CDs to

:27:18.:27:21.

companies, left right and centre, and you are getting no return back

:27:22.:27:24.

whatsoever. Your confidence hits rock bottom. And what was the best

:27:25.:27:30.

way for you in coming up through that? What is the best thing that

:27:31.:27:34.

you would pass on to anyone that finds themselves feeling like that?

:27:35.:27:38.

Don't give up. There are people out there willing to help you. Make sure

:27:39.:27:44.

you do everything you can go to the agencies and get the agencies help

:27:45.:27:50.

you. Scott, the situation is not resolved for Port Talbot and all of

:27:51.:27:54.

the other Tata plans. It has yet to be seen how it unfolds but do you

:27:55.:28:00.

take heart from what Tony is signal. It is good to hear good stories but

:28:01.:28:05.

not for me, because there are no jobs here. -- take heart from what

:28:06.:28:11.

Tony is saying? There is no work here as it is so for me, it is vital

:28:12.:28:15.

that we keep the steelworks going. Is there anything in the way of help

:28:16.:28:21.

being offered to you at the moment, and support? Is anyone talking in

:28:22.:28:24.

that way or at the moment is the focus on how to protect the plants

:28:25.:28:34.

there? Our focus is on keeping the steelworks going and I know the

:28:35.:28:37.

other plants are feeling the same way. It is too early to start

:28:38.:28:41.

talking about looking for work elsewhere. We are still fighting to

:28:42.:28:44.

keep the steelworks going and I think we will get there. We need

:28:45.:28:49.

government help, business rates, energy costs, tariffs on Chinese

:28:50.:28:52.

steel. The fight is not over and I think we will save the steel

:28:53.:28:56.

industry in this country. Failure is not an option. Do you feel

:28:57.:29:02.

particularly angry at anyone aspect of the way this has been handled?

:29:03.:29:06.

Are there things that could have been done differently? My anger is

:29:07.:29:13.

mainly with the government. I cannot knock Tata Deal. They have been a

:29:14.:29:17.

great employer and they have stuck with us through probably the worst

:29:18.:29:26.

recession in history. -- Tata Steel. I cannot knock Tata Steel, but I

:29:27.:29:29.

will knock the government. If they had helped us before, perhaps this

:29:30.:29:35.

could have been avoided. If they had helped us with tariffs on Chinese

:29:36.:29:40.

steel, energy costs, and it was only a month ago that Mr chivvied was

:29:41.:29:46.

trying to block plans for tariffs, and the government have not helped

:29:47.:29:50.

us at all. -- Mr Javid. When they say they want to help us, they are

:29:51.:29:58.

flat-out lying. If you got to speak to Mr Javid directly, what would you

:29:59.:30:04.

say? It is probably too late. He should've gone to India to fight our

:30:05.:30:07.

cause but he would rather go to Australia with daughter. If I saw

:30:08.:30:12.

him today, I would asking the question, what exactly are you doing

:30:13.:30:17.

to help us? Thank you very much, Scott, Chris and Tony. And we are

:30:18.:30:21.

hoping to hear from George Osborne on this a little later. We will

:30:22.:30:25.

bring you that when we get it. You have been getting in touch on this

:30:26.:30:30.

as well. A tweet from Bernie, saying: At times, it is worth

:30:31.:30:35.

subsidising the community to keep it going. Why be reliant on other

:30:36.:30:44.

countries, says one viewer. And Lee says, Tata has not made money in

:30:45.:30:49.

years, and the owners should sell. An e-mail from Carolyn poor can

:30:50.:30:52.

anyone explain why the government was happy to bail out that banks,

:30:53.:30:56.

but why will they not bail out the steel industry? Thank you for your

:30:57.:30:59.

thoughts and keep them coming. Coming up...

:31:00.:31:03.

The way the NHS investigates errors in patient care is changing,

:31:04.:31:06.

but will it be enough to change a culture where problems have

:31:07.:31:09.

And we'll hear from the top musician who says the noise

:31:10.:31:13.

at London's Royal Opera house has ruined his hearing and his career.

:31:14.:31:24.

Maxine is in the BBC Newsroom and has a summary of the rest

:31:25.:31:27.

More than a million workers will receive

:31:28.:31:36.

a pay rise today as the new National Living Wage comes into force.

:31:37.:31:39.

It will mean that employers will have to pay all workers aged 25

:31:40.:31:42.

or over at least ?7.20 an hour and is expected to give 1.3 million

:31:43.:31:46.

Unions have welcomed the new hourly rate, but business groups have

:31:47.:31:50.

warned that some firms may have to cut jobs as a result

:31:51.:31:52.

The Business Secretary, Sajid Javid visits the threatened

:31:53.:31:58.

Port Talbot steel works today - and is expected to meet some

:31:59.:32:01.

of the workers who fear for their jobs.

:32:02.:32:03.

He's expected to tell them that the government will use

:32:04.:32:06.

all official and diplomatic levers to secure the future

:32:07.:32:08.

The Indian-owned Tata group has announced its ready to sell off

:32:09.:32:12.

the loss-making business, which employs nearly 15,000

:32:13.:32:13.

Scott has worked at Tata Steel for many years and he's concerned the

:32:14.:32:32.

future. Port Talbot is built on steel, Port

:32:33.:32:38.

Talbot and steel go hand-in-hand and if we lose the steelworks, Port

:32:39.:32:42.

Talbot will become a ghost town. It is anything for the community at the

:32:43.:32:43.

minute. There are now more adults

:32:44.:32:44.

in the world who are obese, than those who are classed

:32:45.:32:46.

as underweight, according Hundreds of scientists,

:32:47.:32:48.

led by a team at Imperial College London, warn that if the current

:32:49.:32:52.

trend continues, one fifth of the world will be obese

:32:53.:32:54.

in ten years' time. Hundreds more armed police officers

:32:55.:32:58.

will be stationed across the country poised to deal with

:32:59.:33:01.

a Paris-style terror attack. Police forces

:33:02.:33:03.

across England and Wales have begun recruiting an extra

:33:04.:33:05.

1,500 firearms officers. There's also to be an increase

:33:06.:33:10.

in the number of high-speed Most of the officers will be trained

:33:11.:33:13.

and equipped within Police in the Indian city of Kolkata

:33:14.:33:18.

say at least 24 people are now known to have been killed when

:33:19.:33:23.

a partially-built flyover collapsed. At least 100 people

:33:24.:33:26.

were injured in the collapse. The flyover came down

:33:27.:33:29.

in one of Kolkata's most Rescuers have been clearing

:33:30.:33:31.

the wreckage since yesterday. Debbie Harry, Michael Stipe,

:33:32.:33:38.

Cyndi Lauper and The Pixies are among the musicians who have

:33:39.:33:42.

been honouring David Bowie Originally organised

:33:43.:33:44.

as a retrospective, it become a memorial event after the singer's

:33:45.:33:51.

death from cancer in January. Organisers say they were overwhelmed

:33:52.:33:56.

by requests from performers keen to take part, and had

:33:57.:33:59.

to turn some down. That's a summary of

:34:00.:34:04.

the latest BBC News. Some sad news just coming into us

:34:05.:34:19.

about Denise Robertson, the TV agony aunt for ITV's This Morning, who has

:34:20.:34:26.

died after a short battle with cancer, the show has just announced

:34:27.:34:30.

that Denise Robertson, the programme's agony aunt, has died

:34:31.:34:32.

after a short battle with cancer. Here's some sport now with Will -

:34:33.:34:35.

and the doctors are cautiously What are they saying?

:34:36.:34:47.

It seems like good news, the British boxer is expected to wake from his

:34:48.:34:51.

induced coma in the next two or three days, according to his family.

:34:52.:34:55.

Of course, he suffered a small bleed on the brain on Saturday night after

:34:56.:34:59.

his title fight against Chris Eubank Jr. Britain's most successful

:35:00.:35:03.

Olympian will fulfil a childhood dream this summer when he takes part

:35:04.:35:08.

in the Le Mans 24-hour race. Sir Chris Hoy has already made the

:35:09.:35:11.

switch from cycling and this will be the most prestigious motorsport

:35:12.:35:14.

event he will compete in. Practice gets underway this lunchtime for the

:35:15.:35:18.

Bahrain Grand Prix and two time Formula 1 world Champion Fernando

:35:19.:35:21.

Alonso will not take part after sustaining fractured ribs and a

:35:22.:35:24.

partially collapsed lung in last month's high-speed crash in

:35:25.:35:28.

Australia. West Indies will be represented by both the men's and

:35:29.:35:32.

the women's cricket teams in India, West Indies compete in a seven

:35:33.:35:35.

wicket win over hosts India yesterday which sees them faced

:35:36.:35:40.

England in Sunday's World T20 final in Kolkata with the women taking on

:35:41.:35:42.

Australia. More at 10am. The NHS must get better

:35:43.:35:46.

a learning from its mistakes - that's the message from

:35:47.:35:49.

the Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt. From today, the way the NHS

:35:50.:35:52.

investigates and ultimately learns The Healthcare Safety Investigation

:35:53.:35:55.

Branch or HSIB will be independent and offer guidance to NHS

:35:56.:35:59.

organisations on looking into how errors have been made, and carry out

:36:00.:36:02.

some investigations itself. We can speak now to Melissa Mead,

:36:03.:36:15.

whose one-year-old son William died of sepsis after repeated visits

:36:16.:36:18.

to the GP and a call the the NHS Professor Martin Elliott

:36:19.:36:21.

is a specialist in patient safety at

:36:22.:36:24.

Great Ormond Street Hospital Matthew Syed wrote

:36:25.:36:25.

the book Black Box Thinking, which the Health Secretary

:36:26.:36:28.

says influenced his thinking when coming up with some

:36:29.:36:30.

of his reforms to the Health Good morning. Melissa, absolutely

:36:31.:36:39.

terrible, what happened to you and your family. Tell us, when William

:36:40.:36:46.

fell ill, what happened and how was he treated? William began to get

:36:47.:36:49.

poorly at the beginning of October, developed a very nasty cough. Over

:36:50.:36:54.

the preceding 11 weeks, the cough had developed and he started

:36:55.:36:57.

vomiting and coughing up green phlegm. We repeatedly went back to

:36:58.:37:01.

the doctors, saw a different doctor and we were just sent away being

:37:02.:37:05.

told it was a virus and he was a child and it was coming up to

:37:06.:37:09.

winter, it was just a cough. Until we got to the point where, 36 hours

:37:10.:37:14.

before he died, his temperature spiked to over 40 and we went to the

:37:15.:37:18.

GP, thinking we were having what was a thorough examination which later

:37:19.:37:23.

transpired that it was far from that. We took William home under

:37:24.:37:29.

Doctor's advice. We called 111 the following day because we were still

:37:30.:37:34.

concerned. We spoke to an out of hours doctor, and they all told us

:37:35.:37:37.

it was not an emergency and to leave William in bed. That was the best

:37:38.:37:41.

place for him, give him fluids and Cal Pol. We woke up the next day to

:37:42.:37:47.

what is every parent's worst nightmare, to find your child has

:37:48.:37:53.

passed away. And there were errors which have subsequently been

:37:54.:37:56.

acknowledged, and it must be so hard when you have been through what he

:37:57.:37:59.

went through, to hear it could have been different. I think the worst

:38:00.:38:03.

possible thing that can happen in any one's life is to lose a child.

:38:04.:38:08.

To then find out that the child died in what is unavoidable and

:38:09.:38:14.

preventable circumstance is beyond, mention. -- and avoidable.

:38:15.:38:18.

Especially when you have taken your child repeatedly about the symptoms

:38:19.:38:22.

that they are presenting. Those symptoms have not been recognised

:38:23.:38:27.

and you are not listened to as a parent. I think that is really

:38:28.:38:31.

important. We are the people that know William the most, we are within

:38:32.:38:36.

24 hours a day and to be listened to is important. -- with him 24 hours a

:38:37.:38:41.

day. How did you feel everything was handled when it became clear that

:38:42.:38:45.

things could have been done differently? Were you listened to

:38:46.:38:50.

then? It takes a very, very long time to get to a point where the

:38:51.:38:54.

organisations involved start investigating. We had an inquest

:38:55.:38:59.

first. But there's a huge gap. No one really comes to you and says,

:39:00.:39:03.

"This is what is going to happen, this is who will contact you, these

:39:04.:39:08.

are your options". We basically had to turn to the Internet to find out

:39:09.:39:11.

exactly what would happen, and what our rights and choices were. Then,

:39:12.:39:16.

when the investigation began after William's inquest, it felt like a

:39:17.:39:24.

very disenfranchised process. They have created a them and us culture.

:39:25.:39:29.

You are met with almost a defence. Obviously, it was apparent that

:39:30.:39:32.

there were errors and holes in William's care. So it always seems

:39:33.:39:38.

to be that they are trying to shy away from saying, "We have made

:39:39.:39:42.

business Day", because they don't want to be blamed but we don't want

:39:43.:39:47.

to blame people. We want its not to happen again. We don't want to be

:39:48.:39:52.

asking these questions. We have every right to know the answers to

:39:53.:39:55.

the questions, though. People forget that as parents, we are William's

:39:56.:40:00.

voice. It is very important to be part of the process. Martin, you are

:40:01.:40:05.

a specialist in patient safety at Greg Orman. Is there a fear of blame

:40:06.:40:12.

and why? There is a fear of blame, the threat to your career internally

:40:13.:40:16.

within the institution you work and also the background threat of

:40:17.:40:19.

litigation, which could finish your career completely. What does that

:40:20.:40:23.

then mean when things go wrong? What is the first instance? The first

:40:24.:40:28.

thing is when you call an investigation into a critical

:40:29.:40:31.

incident, which we always do, then getting people together in a room

:40:32.:40:34.

can be quite hard because they are worried that whatever they say might

:40:35.:40:37.

be used against them in the future. You have to work really hard to

:40:38.:40:40.

realise that firstly, all human beings make mistakes. It is not

:40:41.:40:45.

about the mistakes that were made, it is about stopping it happening

:40:46.:40:49.

again, making sure that wherever you are in the health system, people are

:40:50.:40:54.

protected. I think people like the family are finding it most important

:40:55.:41:00.

that no one suffers what they have suffered and making sure that the

:41:01.:41:03.

systems which we build our secure and robust. Melissa was saying you

:41:04.:41:09.

did not want it to be about blame, did you? You just wanted to feel

:41:10.:41:13.

someone was listening. I think if we blamed people, we would just be

:41:14.:41:16.

consumed with anger. While we are doing that, we are not thinking

:41:17.:41:21.

about William in a positive way. When people have made errors,

:41:22.:41:26.

everyone is human we know that the doctors don't go to work that they

:41:27.:41:30.

with the intention of causing harm. But equally, when mistakes are made,

:41:31.:41:35.

they need to be able to stand up and say they have made a mistake and

:41:36.:41:38.

this is how they will move forward and make sure they don't make the

:41:39.:41:41.

same mistake again and apologised for the mistake they have made. On

:41:42.:41:47.

the other side of it, Martin, as Melissa says, nobody goes to work

:41:48.:41:50.

meaning to do harm but there must be immense guilt. As you rightly say,

:41:51.:41:56.

it is the opposite, you go to work to help people and have a strong

:41:57.:41:59.

internal feeling to do that. The guilt that occurs if something does

:42:00.:42:03.

happen or if you do cause harm lives with you for your life. You know

:42:04.:42:07.

those people, they have lost their child for ever and you can never

:42:08.:42:11.

lose that feeling. The most important thing is to find a place

:42:12.:42:15.

where people can feel confident in talking about what has happened and

:42:16.:42:20.

to be completely honest and open. That is the only way you can make

:42:21.:42:23.

progress and prevent it happening next time. I hope that by creating

:42:24.:42:29.

these new means of investigation, we will find a way of doing that will

:42:30.:42:34.

stop they won't be able to take on every investigation. It will have to

:42:35.:42:38.

be selective. But for the culture that would spread from that, as it

:42:39.:42:42.

is done in the airline industry, is critical if we want to avoid causing

:42:43.:42:46.

damage by blame, which it does. Matthew Connolly you have written a

:42:47.:42:51.

book which looks specifically at the NHS and its approach to when things

:42:52.:42:56.

go wrong. -- Matthew, you have. And the airline industry takes a

:42:57.:43:01.

different approach. I was struck by how aviation has improved safety by

:43:02.:43:04.

seeing every mistake as Paddy but other treasures -- as a tragedy but

:43:05.:43:10.

a precious learning opportunity. If there's a near miss in the air, the

:43:11.:43:14.

pilots submit a report and the totality of the system is analysed

:43:15.:43:18.

for weaknesses so they can make reforms. If, God forbid, there's an

:43:19.:43:22.

accident, there are two black boxes which can be probed and

:43:23.:43:25.

deconstructed so reforms can be made and the same mistakes are never made

:43:26.:43:30.

again. At the heart of this is independent investigation. The

:43:31.:43:33.

pilots feel they can talk openly and honestly the information flows. If

:43:34.:43:37.

there is blame, and they feel defensive and they don't share the

:43:38.:43:41.

information, it completely undermines the process of adaptation

:43:42.:43:46.

that protects future lives. I think far too often in health care, the

:43:47.:43:50.

rush to blame the clinicians is undermining that information. And

:43:51.:43:56.

maybe fear of blame as well because as Melissa said, they did not want

:43:57.:43:58.

to blame anyone. Obviously everyone will handle the situation

:43:59.:44:03.

differently but with a fear of blame, anyone's natural instinct is

:44:04.:44:08.

to be defensive. That is right and what Melissa said is right, most

:44:09.:44:11.

families want openness and honesty and they are not looking to punish

:44:12.:44:14.

clinicians. The vast majority of them come into work to help and save

:44:15.:44:19.

people's lives. Every now and again there will be negligence or

:44:20.:44:22.

malevolence and that needs to be punished and penalised. But in

:44:23.:44:26.

dependent investigation is the best way to get to the surface and the

:44:27.:44:31.

root causes of what is going wrong. If you don't get to that level of

:44:32.:44:35.

analysis, you can often blame unfairly, honest mistakes caused by

:44:36.:44:39.

systemic weakness. Melissa, if what happened to your family makes a

:44:40.:44:43.

difference, what does that mean for you and everyone else who loved your

:44:44.:44:50.

little boy, going forward? I think it is overwhelming for us to know

:44:51.:44:58.

that sharing William's story, seeing through the recommendations made in

:44:59.:45:01.

William's report and helping to create a culture where change can be

:45:02.:45:10.

effected and the systems can be evolved, and to be able to say that

:45:11.:45:16.

that has been effected by our little boy is truly amazing. It is very

:45:17.:45:22.

bittersweet. We don't want to be here. But we have the opportunity to

:45:23.:45:27.

be here. We feel that... These mistakes can't be made again.

:45:28.:45:38.

Martin, do you believe there will be change? I think the idea of having

:45:39.:45:44.

open investigation is exactly as Matthew and Melissa said, it is

:45:45.:45:47.

crucial but the question is whether the NHS will be able to implement

:45:48.:45:51.

the lessons that are learned in these investigations. Can parallel

:45:52.:45:55.

is really be drawn with something like the aviation industry?

:45:56.:45:57.

Everything comes down to individuals but is it systems, are their obvious

:45:58.:46:03.

systemic changes that can make a difference? There are significant

:46:04.:46:07.

parallels. We have a bigger problem because 70% of the turnover goes on

:46:08.:46:13.

people. The interactions between humans are greater than in the

:46:14.:46:16.

airline industry. Having said that, learning those lessons from an

:46:17.:46:22.

investigation can mean that your processes have to change. The real

:46:23.:46:27.

test for the NHS is not just that the people don't feel guilty and

:46:28.:46:30.

they learn from their lessons but the processes associated with every

:46:31.:46:33.

step of care are modified afterwards. My anxiety is that we

:46:34.:46:37.

don't have a governance structure in the NHS which can really make that

:46:38.:46:38.

happen all the way down the line. For a long time, there was a

:46:39.:46:58.

competent hospital but there was not reporting. Clinicians will not

:46:59.:47:01.

filing reports on errors because they were worried that it would come

:47:02.:47:04.

back to haunt them. They created an open culture, and suddenly

:47:05.:47:11.

information started to flow. For example, when a nurse gave a patient

:47:12.:47:16.

the wrong medication, they discovered their were two bottles on

:47:17.:47:20.

the sideboard that had almost identical labelling but different

:47:21.:47:26.

effects, so they changed the labelling. It was a gain. A patient

:47:27.:47:31.

came in with the wrong colour wristbands saying do not

:47:32.:47:33.

resuscitate. The nurse was colour-blind and they added text to

:47:34.:47:42.

the wristbands. Another gamer. -- another gamer. They make small

:47:43.:47:49.

changes but the totality led to a reduction in liabilities of 74%. It

:47:50.:47:55.

is this process of seeing every error as an adaptive opportunity

:47:56.:47:58.

that has led to this hospital being one of the safest three or four in

:47:59.:48:03.

the world. You talk a lot of figures in your book. What sort of

:48:04.:48:08.

difference could make to accidental deaths in hospitals and other areas

:48:09.:48:17.

of help? In America, they estimate in the Journal of patient safety

:48:18.:48:20.

that 400,000 people die every year because of avoidable mistakes. In

:48:21.:48:27.

the UK, using the black methods, they estimate 7500, that is 100

:48:28.:48:34.

people a week dying because of avoidable errors. -- the Hogan and

:48:35.:48:39.

Black method. Martin is right. It is not just about independent

:48:40.:48:45.

investigations, it is the lessons that surface being metabolised by

:48:46.:48:49.

the system. This is difficult because there are a lot of silos in

:48:50.:48:55.

health care. Significant inroads can be made into that total, even though

:48:56.:49:02.

it is difficult. And you are expecting again, I understand.

:49:03.:49:05.

William is going to have a little brother or sister. We are delighted.

:49:06.:49:12.

I hope it goes well. Some sad news coming into us about Denise Roberts,

:49:13.:49:18.

the TV agony aunt. This Morning has said that she has died after a short

:49:19.:49:24.

battle with cancer. Phillip Schofield has said he's heartbroken

:49:25.:49:28.

to hear the news. She said she is kind, thoughtful, caring and

:49:29.:49:31.

wonderful. Richard Madeley hosted this morning for many years. Good

:49:32.:49:38.

morning. Very sad news. Extremely. Although we knew it was. Coming We

:49:39.:49:44.

got the warning lights about ten days ago. Obviously, she has been

:49:45.:49:47.

ill for a while and it is incredibly sad. But it has not been a

:49:48.:49:55.

blindside, like the sudden news of Ronnie Corbett's passing last night.

:49:56.:50:04.

We knew about -- we started This Morning together in 1988. She has

:50:05.:50:09.

chalked up 28 years. I am not just saying this because of our huge

:50:10.:50:12.

affection, but I think she was probably the best agony aunt in the

:50:13.:50:16.

business. She was underrated somewhat in that regard because she

:50:17.:50:20.

was not flashy. She did not come on, bells and whistles. She just got on

:50:21.:50:25.

with giving very good advice. And very few people will know that when

:50:26.:50:29.

the show was over, Denise would stay in the phone room, sometimes well

:50:30.:50:32.

into the afternoon, talking to people who had not been able to get

:50:33.:50:36.

on the air, continuing to counsel people. She give up so much time and

:50:37.:50:40.

made a difference. She was a truly wonderful, warm hearted and wise

:50:41.:50:48.

woman. The very worst sort. What was her background? What made her get

:50:49.:50:51.

into that? She was quite a successful novelist. By the time she

:50:52.:50:55.

came to This Morning, she had a string of novels under her belt. The

:50:56.:50:59.

reason she was approached by ITV back in the day, I think she had a

:51:00.:51:07.

column in a regional newspaper, and I think that was it. When we

:51:08.:51:12.

auditioned her, along with the other experts that we had at the time,

:51:13.:51:15.

about seven, fashion and cooking, that kind of thing, she shone. I

:51:16.:51:22.

remember that we auditioned some established agony aunts, household

:51:23.:51:25.

names already. And although they were very good, they did not match

:51:26.:51:30.

Denise's authenticity. And her genuineness. And her obvious,

:51:31.:51:36.

serious compassion. She was not in it for a career, she was in it

:51:37.:51:39.

because she liked making a difference. And she did. She was

:51:40.:51:44.

very effective. I imagine she was a fabulous person to have around for

:51:45.:51:47.

all of you. Was she always giving you advice? She did not intrude in

:51:48.:51:52.

that way. She only give advice if asked. As a companion and a friend,

:51:53.:51:58.

she is from the north-east, and she brought all of that good baggage

:51:59.:52:04.

with her. She was a real character. I remember once she heard that Judy

:52:05.:52:09.

had a complete antithesis to musicals. She hates musical theatre.

:52:10.:52:14.

As a birthday surprise, Denise got tickets for the Phantom of the Opera

:52:15.:52:22.

in Manchester. For us all. And Judy went out of politeness, and she

:52:23.:52:25.

absolutely loved it. I can still see Denise leaning forward from her

:52:26.:52:31.

seat, and checking at the emotive points of the performance, that Judy

:52:32.:52:34.

was crying at the right moment, and she was. It was such a lovely thing

:52:35.:52:41.

to do. What would your best memory be of her, effectively? Actually, it

:52:42.:52:49.

will be on the day, October, probably about 9090, at the Albert

:52:50.:52:55.

Dock, when she came in wearing an enormously flamboyant silk pocket

:52:56.:53:01.

for Remembrance Day. -- silk poppy. These days, we wear poppies much

:53:02.:53:07.

earlier, but in those days, it was too early. And the editor very

:53:08.:53:13.

politely said to her, it is a few weeks early, do you mind taking it

:53:14.:53:17.

off, and she went absolutely spare, she got really angry. I have never

:53:18.:53:22.

seen anything like it. Sure enough, an hour later, she went on a wearing

:53:23.:53:26.

this silk poppy. She was not a pushover. Lovely to hear your

:53:27.:53:31.

memories of Denise Robertson. Thank you very much. A great pleasure.

:53:32.:53:36.

We will be hearing from people who will benefit from the new national

:53:37.:53:45.

living wage going up 50p from today. We will also be hearing from

:53:46.:53:49.

businesses, some of whom say that wage increase could force them to go

:53:50.:53:51.

under. An all-star tribute concert

:53:52.:53:59.

to David Bowie was held in New York's Carnegie

:54:00.:54:03.

Hall last night. Debbie Harry, Michael Stipe,

:54:04.:54:10.

Cyndi Lauper and The Pixies are among the musicians who have

:54:11.:54:12.

been honouring David Bowie Originally organised

:54:13.:54:15.

as a retrospective, it become a memorial event after the singer's

:54:16.:54:18.

death from cancer in January. Organisers say they were overwhelmed

:54:19.:54:21.

by requests from performers keen to take part, and had

:54:22.:54:23.

to turn some down. Let's take a look at some of the

:54:24.:54:27.

performances. Seoul there is a star man

:54:28.:54:36.

Seoul we can be heroes just for one day.

:54:37.:54:51.

# don't lean on me, man, cause you can't afford the ticket. We're

:54:52.:55:01.

joined by Matt Everitt, the documentary maker who made a

:55:02.:55:05.

documentary about David Bowie. All the stars coming out to pay tribute.

:55:06.:55:10.

That's right. It was quite fitting, because although David Bowie was

:55:11.:55:13.

born in London, New York was his home for 20 years. He considered

:55:14.:55:18.

himself as a New Yorker. He really enjoyed being in the city, and I

:55:19.:55:23.

think he liked the anonymity that it gave him. He was able to wonder

:55:24.:55:28.

about relatively undisturbed. Apparently he was asked once, do you

:55:29.:55:33.

wear a disguise, and he said, no, I just carry a foreign newspaper under

:55:34.:55:38.

my arm and then it'll will think, if it is a Polish newspaper so it

:55:39.:55:41.

cannot possibly be David Bowie. Carnegie Hall was the place he made

:55:42.:55:46.

his debut in 1972. And loads of people apparently wanted to perform

:55:47.:55:50.

but they could not accommodate them. Actually, there is a follow-on

:55:51.:55:54.

events tonight as well. It is going to be streamed live, I think, as a

:55:55.:55:59.

charity thing, for a small fee. You can watch it online. This is not an

:56:00.:56:07.

official tribute show. The family, while ago, they made a statement

:56:08.:56:10.

saying that they appreciate these shows but they will not do anything

:56:11.:56:16.

as an official family gig. This was just his friends and Tony Visconti,

:56:17.:56:19.

his producer for a long time, who narrated it. It is always quite nice

:56:20.:56:26.

when you see well-known people actually just fans like the rest of

:56:27.:56:29.

us. His impact was so vast. Obviously, this has been talked

:56:30.:56:38.

about so much, and arrange of people, including Pixies, and

:56:39.:56:44.

Michael Stipe, all paying tribute. I don't think it is the last thing

:56:45.:56:47.

that we will see. I think there will be more tributes like this. If you

:56:48.:56:51.

look the footage, you see all these fans turning up with a stripe on

:56:52.:56:55.

their face. He still has that ability inspire passion. And are we

:56:56.:57:03.

seeing a revival, not a revival because he never went away but his

:57:04.:57:06.

music appealing to a new generation who were not aware of him before

:57:07.:57:10.

this? I think there is a bit of that. There will always be artists

:57:11.:57:14.

that will be discovered again and again by different generations and

:57:15.:57:18.

David Bowie will be one of those people. I think we're seeing more

:57:19.:57:22.

acts putting cover versions into their sets. Quite a few people have

:57:23.:57:30.

done that. Prince did a show last week and he played Heroes just on

:57:31.:57:35.

his own on a piano, which was apparently incredible. It just shows

:57:36.:57:41.

that he's a legend and he will always be regarded like that. I have

:57:42.:57:48.

not seen Prince ages. I think he was supposed to be coming to do some

:57:49.:57:52.

shows in Europe so maybe we will see that. -- I have not seen Prince for

:57:53.:57:58.

ages. Let's catch up with the latest weather. Stav has the details. We

:57:59.:58:02.

have some big weather contrasts across the country this morning. The

:58:03.:58:07.

extreme south and south-east, with scenes like this gorgeous picture in

:58:08.:58:13.

Jersey. Further north, into the Midlands, we got some sunshine. A

:58:14.:58:18.

chilly start with frost and mist. Some hazy sunshine, and the cloud

:58:19.:58:24.

thickening up across the north and west. Quite a contrast. It is

:58:25.:58:34.

feeling quite chilly. Through the day, that is how it is going to be,

:58:35.:58:38.

with this area of low pressure moving in from the Atlantic. High

:58:39.:58:42.

pressure further south and east keeping things fine and settled.

:58:43.:58:46.

That divide will continue through the day. It looks like it will turn

:58:47.:58:49.

wetter across north west England and West Wales. Some heavy rain likely

:58:50.:58:56.

across west and south-west in Scotland. Maybe some shelter across

:58:57.:59:00.

the north-east. With a bit of brightness, we could make 12 or 13

:59:01.:59:06.

across the Moray Firth. Quite chilly across the coast, out of the wind,

:59:07.:59:16.

it will feel colder. Rain in northern and western Wales, maybe as

:59:17.:59:21.

far eastwards as south-west England. For the Midlands, staying dry with

:59:22.:59:26.

hazy sunshine. Overnight, bad weather front will sink further

:59:27.:59:29.

south and eastwards, but will grind to a halt across central areas and

:59:30.:59:35.

will never reach southern areas. Behind it, clearing up, with sky is

:59:36.:59:40.

clear. On either side of bad weather front, it will be chilly in the

:59:41.:59:44.

countryside with mist and fog in places. For the weekend, it is going

:59:45.:59:51.

to be on -- a mixed bag. The wind will be like in general. The

:59:52.:59:58.

pressure situation, on Saturday will import warm here from the

:59:59.:00:01.

mid-continent which will push the weather front further north. Through

:00:02.:00:05.

the day, the brighter skies across the South migrating northwards as

:00:06.:00:08.

that weather front retreats into the far north of England, central and

:00:09.:00:13.

southern Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Here, Wednesday, bright

:00:14.:00:19.

with sunshine, but a. Temperatures generally in single figures, maybe

:00:20.:00:22.

as high as ten. To the south, a lovely day. Feeling much warmer.

:00:23.:00:30.

13-15dC. Onto Sunday, even warmer. We could make the high teens.

:00:31.:00:42.

Welcome to the programme. Coming up for 11am, more than 1 million

:00:43.:00:46.

workers will see their pay go up from today thanks to the national

:00:47.:00:50.

living wage. But will it force some businesses to fold? We will speak to

:00:51.:00:55.

some affected by the changes. The NHS makes thousands of mistakes

:00:56.:00:59.

every year. From today, there are changes to the ways that those

:01:00.:01:03.

errors are investigated. Willie more independent system be enough to

:01:04.:01:07.

change a culture where problems are also remained hidden? Learning those

:01:08.:01:11.

lessons from an investigation can mean that processors have to change.

:01:12.:01:16.

The real test to the NHS is not just that the people do not feel guilty

:01:17.:01:20.

and learn from their lessons but the processes that are associated with

:01:21.:01:24.

every step of care are modified afterwards. My anxiety is that we do

:01:25.:01:27.

not have a governance structure which can really make that happen

:01:28.:01:30.

all the way down the line. And a warning that too little sleep could

:01:31.:01:35.

damage your health. We're not just talking about those nights when you

:01:36.:01:40.

are lying awake for ages, even a solid seven hours could be bad for

:01:41.:01:41.

you. Changes to the living wage -

:01:42.:01:44.

more than a million workers will receive a pay rise today

:01:45.:01:49.

as the new National Living Wage But there are concerns the extra

:01:50.:01:52.

cash could lead to job losses. Maxine is in the BBC Newsroom

:01:53.:01:57.

and has more on that and a summary More than a million

:01:58.:02:01.

workers will receive a pay rise today as the new National

:02:02.:02:07.

Living Wage comes into force. It will mean that employers

:02:08.:02:11.

will have to pay all workers aged 25 or over at least ?7.20 an hour

:02:12.:02:14.

and is expected to give 1.3 million Unions have welcomed the new hourly

:02:15.:02:17.

rate, but business groups have warned that some firms may have

:02:18.:02:23.

to cut jobs as a result Let's go over to York and speak

:02:24.:02:26.

to our business correspondent Ben The business secretary, Sajid Javid,

:02:27.:02:31.

visits the threatened Port Talbot steel works today and is expected

:02:32.:02:34.

to meet some of the workers who fear He's expected to tell them

:02:35.:02:37.

that the government will use all official and diplomatic levers

:02:38.:02:42.

to secure the future The Indian-owned Tata group has

:02:43.:02:44.

announced it's ready to sell off the loss-making business,

:02:45.:02:49.

which employs nearly 15,000 people The knock-on effect is unthinkable,

:02:50.:03:06.

the tone is built on steel, if we lose the steelworks, we will lose

:03:07.:03:09.

Port Talbot as a town, it will become a ghost town is unthinkable

:03:10.:03:15.

for the community at the moment. A teenager has been detained for nine

:03:16.:03:19.

years at the High Court in Edinburgh. He will serve nine years

:03:20.:03:25.

in prison and two years of provision for stabbing the 16-year-old in

:03:26.:03:27.

Aberdeen. Denise Robertson,the agony aunt

:03:28.:03:29.

for ITV's This Morning programme, The show confirmed that she had been

:03:30.:03:31.

suffering from pancreatic cancer. Philip Schofield has said

:03:32.:03:39.

he is 'heartbroken' to hear the news adding: 'she was kind thoughtful,

:03:40.:03:41.

caring and wonderful'. There are now more adults

:03:42.:03:49.

in the world who are obese, than those who are classed

:03:50.:03:51.

as underweight, according Hundreds of scientists,

:03:52.:03:53.

led by a team at Imperial College London, warn that if the current

:03:54.:03:57.

trend continues, one fifth of the world will be obese

:03:58.:03:59.

in ten years' time. Hundreds more armed police officers

:04:00.:04:07.

will be stationed across the country poised to deal with

:04:08.:04:10.

a Paris-style terror attack. Police forces across England

:04:11.:04:12.

and Wales have begun recruiting There's also to be an increase

:04:13.:04:14.

in the number of high-speed Most of the officers will be

:04:15.:04:19.

trained and equipped Police in the Indian city of Kolkata

:04:20.:04:23.

say at least 24 people are now known to have been killed when

:04:24.:04:30.

a partially-built flyover collapsed. At least 100 people

:04:31.:04:33.

were injured in the collapse. The flyover came down

:04:34.:04:35.

in to Kolkata's most Rescuers have been clearing

:04:36.:04:37.

the wreckage since yesterday. Our South Asia Correspondent

:04:38.:04:45.

has more from there. Debbie Harry, Michael Stipe,

:04:46.:04:52.

Cyndi Lauper and The Pixies are among the musicians who have

:04:53.:04:55.

been honouring David Bowie Originally organised

:04:56.:04:57.

as a retrospective, it become a memorial event after the singer's

:04:58.:05:00.

death from cancer in January. Organisers say they were overwhelmed

:05:01.:05:03.

by requests from performers keen to take part, and had

:05:04.:05:05.

to turn some down. That's a summary of the latest news,

:05:06.:05:21.

Isle of Grain more that I have more for you at 10:30pm. Just how much

:05:22.:05:27.

sleep do you get? Call this morning that we should be aiming for much

:05:28.:05:30.

more than most of us are currently getting, we will talk about it. Let

:05:31.:05:35.

us know what you think, do you think you should be getting more.

:05:36.:05:43.

Here's some sport now with Will and more on Sir Chris Hoy's

:05:44.:05:50.

announcement he'll be racing in the Le Mans 24 hour this summer.

:05:51.:05:53.

What is it with these Olympians switching sports? First the Ludwig

:05:54.:05:58.

cyclist Victoria Pendleton, who switched sandals and raced at the

:05:59.:06:03.

Cheltenham Festival and now Sir Chris high announcing he will be

:06:04.:06:07.

fulfilling a childhood dream by competing in this year's Le Mans 24

:06:08.:06:16.

race. How hard will it be? Jonny May is David Brabham, the former driver.

:06:17.:06:23.

Explain why this race is so prestigious? It is one of the big as

:06:24.:06:31.

watching events in the world, National Geographic rated it number

:06:32.:06:36.

one a few years ago, which is pretty special. It has been going for years

:06:37.:06:41.

and years and it has just got so much history, incredible and you can

:06:42.:06:47.

only really explain it by going there and feeling the atmosphere

:06:48.:06:52.

because when Sir Chris high gets there, it will blow his mind. The

:06:53.:07:01.

Olympics is pretty big but this is such a new environment, driving

:07:02.:07:07.

these cars he sits right in the middle of different degrees. He has

:07:08.:07:20.

to be fully concentrating for hours on end while Helix at the fast cars

:07:21.:07:25.

coming behind and try to get past cars in front, his mind will be all

:07:26.:07:31.

over the place. He will be retested. We can see your beautiful winners

:07:32.:07:37.

trophy. You are not necessarily racing for 24 hours, are you. What

:07:38.:07:43.

are the logistics of the race? One driver doesn't do 24 hours, you have

:07:44.:07:50.

two other team-mates. He cannot do more than four hours in the car. Not

:07:51.:07:55.

very often people do that but you can do up to 3.5 hours, it depends

:07:56.:08:00.

on the time strategy. You are in there for long periods and if it is

:08:01.:08:04.

hot, then the cockpit temperature can be really high. That doesn't

:08:05.:08:12.

help with your concentration. It is a fantastic event and he will

:08:13.:08:16.

absolutely love it, no doubt. For me, looking at his experience going

:08:17.:08:19.

in there, this is more of a test, get a feel for it and build up to

:08:20.:08:25.

one day in the future and hopefully pick up one of these, which I'm sure

:08:26.:08:33.

she is capable of doing! I'm hoping his tree trunk legs will fit behind

:08:34.:08:37.

the steering wheel but when he is in the car, how transferable will have

:08:38.:08:43.

skills be from the bike? Completely different discipline. He is

:08:44.:08:49.

incredibly mentally strong, so you have to be that focused for such

:08:50.:08:54.

long periods of time, which is one of the keys to Le Mans 24 success.

:08:55.:09:02.

He has to learn all the other elements that he has had no real

:09:03.:09:06.

background for. We will have to see how he gets on but he is going to be

:09:07.:09:11.

pretty excited by just being there. Thanks for joining us. The Le Mans

:09:12.:09:18.

24 former winner. What's more trophies underneath the camera to

:09:19.:09:19.

show you at another time! More than a million low-paid workers

:09:20.:09:27.

are getting a pay rise today with the introduction

:09:28.:09:29.

of the National Living Wage. But there are fears of job losses

:09:30.:09:31.

as companies struggle to pay The Living Wage Foundation,

:09:32.:09:34.

which campaigned for the increase, is also calling for businesses

:09:35.:09:37.

to 'aim higher' and pay more The New National Living Wage

:09:38.:09:40.

is ?7.20 an hour and was announced That's 50 pence more

:09:41.:09:45.

than the current National Minimum It only applies to workers

:09:46.:09:50.

aged 25 and over. Those aged 21 to 25 will get

:09:51.:09:54.

the lower rate of 6.70. And anyone paid cash in hand risks

:09:55.:09:58.

missing out altogether. That works out an annual increase

:09:59.:10:04.

of around ?900 a year We can speak to several people now

:10:05.:10:06.

who will feel the impact June O'sullivan owns

:10:07.:10:10.

the Early Years Foundation which runs 32 nurseries

:10:11.:10:14.

across London. Jobeda Ali is the chief executive

:10:15.:10:18.

of Three Sisters Care, which is a home care agency

:10:19.:10:23.

in London and Essex. Richard Barry has two jobs both

:10:24.:10:26.

which pay the minimum wage and Sheridan Swinson runs

:10:27.:10:28.

Aardvark Books and Cafe I will come to you first, Sheridan,

:10:29.:10:43.

you run a business and your viewers that you will have two actually

:10:44.:10:46.

reduced the number of hours that you are paying for and it will impact on

:10:47.:10:53.

the staff in that way. Tell us what impact it will have? We will have to

:10:54.:11:01.

look at the balance. That is a large cost for our business. Whether we

:11:02.:11:09.

end up reducing a lot will depend on circumstances, but by the time the

:11:10.:11:14.

escalator ends in five years, when it will have gone up by a third and

:11:15.:11:21.

I would estimate our sales will go stuff about half of that, so there

:11:22.:11:25.

is a difference that has to be sorted out somehow. In the immediate

:11:26.:11:31.

term, what impact would paying an extra 50p per hour to anyone over

:11:32.:11:37.

25, how much would it cost you? The immediate impact will be quite

:11:38.:11:43.

small, it is more the ongoing impact over the rest of the escalator. Is

:11:44.:11:48.

it a small enough cost for you not to have to absorb elsewhere, or will

:11:49.:11:52.

you make changes as a result? This year, the cost will be negligible.

:11:53.:11:59.

You company employs 670 people. What impact will the living wage have on

:12:00.:12:08.

you? I'm the TV executive, the largest childcare social enterprise

:12:09.:12:12.

in the UK. We have already created an environment where we try to

:12:13.:12:15.

support children from poor families as well as children from families

:12:16.:12:19.

who can afford to pay the going rate. You have to see childcare

:12:20.:12:26.

within a wider context. Currently, we have 35 staff who are not on the

:12:27.:12:33.

London living wage. We have the London living wage to content with

:12:34.:12:36.

because in London everything is more expensive and they are some of the

:12:37.:12:42.

problems we have. How do you phase this in because we were not given

:12:43.:12:47.

any time to do that and how do you deal with the implications of the

:12:48.:12:50.

kind of promotions and the grading is that go with it. Everybody starts

:12:51.:12:56.

at ?7.20. How do you do it for qualified and unqualified staff? We

:12:57.:13:07.

also have to fund 7% on pensions, training opportunities for the start

:13:08.:13:11.

because you want to recruit and keep the best staff, nurture them and

:13:12.:13:15.

that is how you do it. Spell out the impact it will have on the business

:13:16.:13:19.

in terms of extra costs and how that might be met? The childcare

:13:20.:13:25.

business, quite a lot of our children are funded through the

:13:26.:13:28.

government. The government says nowadays it is one of the biggest

:13:29.:13:33.

purchasers of childcare in the country. They pay us a very low

:13:34.:13:37.

rate, Sokoli we subsidise that might substantially. 80% of our costs are

:13:38.:13:45.

staff, so we have very little flexibility and a margin to move in

:13:46.:13:49.

terms of additional costing. Cost of staff is going up, by how much would

:13:50.:13:53.

you estimate over the year? I don't want to put a national figure on it

:13:54.:14:00.

because we had to look at the hours, the opportunities. Those kind of

:14:01.:14:04.

things we are taking into account. When we first discovered this was

:14:05.:14:08.

announced, we looked at how we would do that so we would maintain the

:14:09.:14:12.

staff levels. Good quality childcare, you have to have a lot of

:14:13.:14:18.

staff who are experienced, so if you take more under 25 is, that would

:14:19.:14:21.

have a different effect on the quality of the service. It does you

:14:22.:14:25.

are worried about how your business is going to go because of this. Once

:14:26.:14:31.

only different levels. What will the business do if it does increase

:14:32.:14:35.

costs and how would you deal with that? We would maybe have to take

:14:36.:14:42.

more under 25-year-olds because we don't have to pay that wage, will

:14:43.:14:47.

Beatty to ignore unqualified staff? It has an implication on quality

:14:48.:14:51.

because you align your hourly rates to your qualifications. If you are

:14:52.:14:56.

running a social business and you are targeting needy children, can I

:14:57.:15:01.

afford to take more of those on Lake have to take fewer places for poorer

:15:02.:15:06.

children as I have to put more money into the core business because we

:15:07.:15:10.

have to pay a higher rate stuff. It is a dilemma when you are a social

:15:11.:15:12.

business. You run a carer agency, how do you

:15:13.:15:21.

think the living wage will affect the agency? I cannot disagree with

:15:22.:15:24.

everything you said. Everything you said is accurate and I welcome this

:15:25.:15:29.

very much. As a social enterprise, first of all, I should say that

:15:30.:15:33.

three quarters of social enterprise is already paid the UK living wage.

:15:34.:15:37.

Can you explain what social enterprise means? It does not have

:15:38.:15:46.

one single definition. There are various bodies that define it in the

:15:47.:15:50.

runways. The main thing is that you try to be an ethical employer, and

:15:51.:15:56.

that is where my sisters and I, when we started our business five years

:15:57.:16:00.

ago, we decided to be a social enterprise and pay everyone the

:16:01.:16:04.

living wage. The UK living wage, set by the living wage foundation. And

:16:05.:16:12.

we found that we couldn't. It was really difficult. We have never had

:16:13.:16:16.

to go as low as the minimum wage but we have always paid at least the UK

:16:17.:16:19.

minimum wage. It has taken us four years to get to the point where we

:16:20.:16:23.

can pay the London living wage. And that is? ?9 at the moment. The only

:16:24.:16:34.

way we have got to that position, we have NHS contracts and cancel

:16:35.:16:37.

contracts that require us to pay the London minimum wage. More

:16:38.:16:41.

importantly, they pay us enough to pay the London minimum wage. When

:16:42.:16:45.

you have a two tier system in social care, I can work with the same is

:16:46.:16:56.

ECGs and councils, and when I not on their contracted list, they will pay

:16:57.:16:59.

me so little that I cannot pay the minimum wage. -- the same CCGs. I

:17:00.:17:11.

have to subsidise that somehow. The government, they fund two thirds of

:17:12.:17:13.

all social care in this country. They are the one main customer but

:17:14.:17:20.

they do not pay us enough to pay the living wage so we have to find the

:17:21.:17:25.

money elsewhere. And where do you find it? This is the system. Because

:17:26.:17:30.

if you pay for care for your mother, and I am telling you that this

:17:31.:17:34.

person who is caring for someone who might be on their deathbed, and we

:17:35.:17:38.

do a lot of end of life care, and she will get ?3, the minimum wage,

:17:39.:17:44.

for coming to see a mother, state funded care, and a majority of those

:17:45.:17:50.

are only 30 minute visits, this lady will come across and see your mother

:17:51.:17:55.

and get ?3, which is pretty much just her bus fare? You will say, no,

:17:56.:18:00.

I am not having that. If you are paying for it, you want the person

:18:01.:18:03.

looking after your parents to not be exploited, to be happy and confident

:18:04.:18:07.

in their job to deliver a good service. But if you are not paying

:18:08.:18:16.

for it, you are not thinking about it, and we're not saying that our

:18:17.:18:19.

clients do not have the same values but they are not thinking about it

:18:20.:18:22.

because as far as they know, the state is paying for it, without

:18:23.:18:24.

knowing that the state is not. Wealthier people are subsidising it.

:18:25.:18:28.

Richard, you are on the receiving end of the system, doing two jobs.

:18:29.:18:37.

You will get a pay rise. I will be, it will be going up to ?7.20 an

:18:38.:18:42.

hour. For me, it has been too low for too long. The minimum wage is

:18:43.:18:45.

just catching up at the moment to where it should be. I have had

:18:46.:18:50.

family members struggling, friends struggling, even just to pay bills.

:18:51.:18:57.

I think now, at ?7 20, we are at a point where we can just about live.

:18:58.:19:06.

So you will get ?19... ?19 a week more. What difference will that

:19:07.:19:11.

mean? Sometimes that will mean that I don't go overdrawn or I do not

:19:12.:19:14.

have to borrow from family members, which would be great for me to be

:19:15.:19:18.

self-reliant. It does make a big difference. People getting in touch

:19:19.:19:26.

on the social media. Christopher on Facebook says that may be CEOs

:19:27.:19:31.

should take a pay cut. If they are worried about the minimum wage, it

:19:32.:19:34.

is the people at the bottom that make the money. Being on zero our

:19:35.:19:38.

contract, I do not know if I will see a difference today. In the end,

:19:39.:19:43.

businesses make a profit, so does it just come out of the profit margin?

:19:44.:19:47.

It is tricky. If it is a childcare business, it is not a direct source

:19:48.:19:53.

of profit in that way, and particularly if you were running a

:19:54.:19:57.

social business, you do not have that profit to pour into

:19:58.:20:03.

disadvantage. That is what you would do, you would purchase more places.

:20:04.:20:07.

What we will see with childcare, because it is part of

:20:08.:20:11.

infrastructure, we are enabled in London, 76% of people go back to

:20:12.:20:15.

work. But if they cannot access childcare, they cannot go back to

:20:16.:20:19.

work. If childcare becomes too expensive, with more costs around

:20:20.:20:23.

staffing, the main cost, it becomes problematic for parents to be able

:20:24.:20:26.

to come back to work and the whole thing has a bigger impact. Nobody is

:20:27.:20:33.

saying you should be -- should not be paying ?7 20, really we want to

:20:34.:20:38.

pay the London living wage, ?9 16 at the moment, but it is facing it. He

:20:39.:20:45.

is not simply about what you get an hour, it is about developed

:20:46.:20:47.

opportunities and the ways that you face things in. But the guy that has

:20:48.:20:55.

just written and, with the big companies, over 20% of them are not

:20:56.:20:59.

paying the living wage. Now today, all of their cleaners will get ?7.20

:21:00.:21:04.

an hour, but that is not even a quarter of the bonus from a person

:21:05.:21:08.

at the top. He is right, but don't forget that small businesses, family

:21:09.:21:13.

run businesses like mine, we are exempt from minimum wage low. So

:21:14.:21:17.

what actually happens, a small business running a cafe or

:21:18.:21:23.

something, either he can increases cost or he takes the cut. That is

:21:24.:21:26.

what I think a lot of workers and big businesses do not recognise, the

:21:27.:21:31.

cuts come from the owners of these small businesses not taking as much

:21:32.:21:35.

money as they work and deterring people from becoming entrepreneurs.

:21:36.:21:38.

It is bad for the market. Sheridan, is that pertinent to you? It

:21:39.:21:44.

certainly is. During the recession, there were months where I paid staff

:21:45.:21:49.

and not myself and I think that most small businesses have that

:21:50.:21:53.

experience. I would like to bring in one other point, which is the uneven

:21:54.:22:00.

geographical impact of this. I am based in a beautiful area of the

:22:01.:22:04.

country, on the Welsh Marches, but this is a low income area, a low

:22:05.:22:11.

employment area, and the impact will be massively bigger than in the

:22:12.:22:22.

south-east or London. I live in the south-east, I live in Shoreham,

:22:23.:22:27.

close to Brighton, and ?7.20 for me, although it sounds like a big

:22:28.:22:31.

increase, 50p, I do not think, I think that is just the start. I have

:22:32.:22:36.

heard Vince Cable, the Liberal Democrat, talking about ?8 or ?8.

:22:37.:22:41.

And I think that is more the level we should be at. That would make me

:22:42.:22:47.

feel even more comfortable than ?7. I do not think they have gone far

:22:48.:22:54.

enough yet. Thank you all very much. Dave has e-mailed to say, wages go

:22:55.:23:00.

up on the cost of living goal -- wages go up and the cost of living

:23:01.:23:04.

goes up. Can someone tell me what that means to people on zero hours

:23:05.:23:09.

contracts? On my contract, that will go up as well. It does not matter

:23:10.:23:16.

weather you have an employer with a contract or a zero hours contracts,

:23:17.:23:19.

it will still go up. Thank you all very much. Still to come, if you

:23:20.:23:27.

were sleeping fewer than seven hours a night, it is not enough. And

:23:28.:23:34.

should the cost of producing great music be irreversible hearing damage

:23:35.:23:37.

to a musician? This is what a renowned viol player is claiming

:23:38.:23:43.

happens to him. He says his hearing was destroyed by brass instruments

:23:44.:23:46.

placed behind him during rehearsals when he was a member of the Royal

:23:47.:23:50.

Opera House Orchestra. Now Chris is suing his former

:23:51.:23:56.

employers in a civil case, claiming the hearing loss has

:23:57.:24:01.

ruined his 25 year career. In court papers seen by the BBC it

:24:02.:24:04.

says the sound on the orchestra's pit peaked at around 137 decibels,

:24:05.:24:07.

which is roughly the sound The Musician's Union say hearing

:24:08.:24:10.

damage is a major problem The Royal Opera House denies

:24:11.:24:13.

it is responsible, but around a quarter of its players

:24:14.:24:17.

suffer hearing illnesses. Our legal eagle Clive Coleman

:24:18.:24:19.

went to meet Chris. For most of us live, music was

:24:20.:24:30.

Chris's life. I have been a professional musician since I was

:24:31.:24:35.

17, for the last quarter of a century. Music was my income and my

:24:36.:24:45.

everything. The son of a composer, Chris played the viol with some of

:24:46.:24:48.

the world was my greatest orchestras. He is seen here playing

:24:49.:24:55.

at the Royal Albert Hall in 2005. In court documents seen by the BBC,

:24:56.:25:01.

Chris claims that his healing was -- is hearing was irreversibly damaged

:25:02.:25:07.

during rehearsals of Richard Wagner's thunderous developed

:25:08.:25:10.

Sheila, from brass instruments positioned immediately behind him in

:25:11.:25:18.

the pit. Normal sounds like banging cups and glasses together, that is

:25:19.:25:22.

unpleasant, painful noise. My daughter last year, she has a very

:25:23.:25:27.

powerful voice, she was crying so much that I actually got noise

:25:28.:25:33.

induced vertigo from it because of my injury and I ended up in bed for

:25:34.:25:38.

three weeks. To carry out ordinary, everyday tasks, Chris as to wear ear

:25:39.:25:51.

protectors. His son is an outstanding French horn player, but

:25:52.:25:54.

since Chris's injury, he has not been able to listen to his son

:25:55.:25:58.

practice or play. He has missed public constructs like this one last

:25:59.:26:05.

year. The effects of loud rock music are well-known, Pete Townshend is

:26:06.:26:13.

just one rock icon to have suffered. The doctor said, well you are not

:26:14.:26:17.

actually going deaf but I would advise you to learn to lip read. You

:26:18.:26:24.

were a violinist? What is less well-known is that the problem of

:26:25.:26:28.

hearing loss and injuries are common in the more sophisticated and sedate

:26:29.:26:32.

world of classical music. Instruments are louder than they

:26:33.:26:36.

ever were before. 200 years ago, they were built of different

:26:37.:26:39.

material, which makes for a difference. And conductors are

:26:40.:26:44.

allowed to ride roughshod over health and safety considerations.

:26:45.:26:46.

They put players on the stage where they are in harms way. There are

:26:47.:26:51.

over 100 players in the orchestra to you at the Royal Opera House. The

:26:52.:26:53.

BBC has learned over a quarter complain of

:26:54.:27:08.

mild or occasional during illness. And in the yearbook for last, there

:27:09.:27:10.

were seven cases and 117 weeks of sickness leave taken. And that is

:27:11.:27:13.

not music to anyone's years. The Royal Opera House does not accept

:27:14.:27:15.

that the rehearsals led to Chris's injuries or that it is responsible.

:27:16.:27:18.

In a statement, it said his claim is a complex medical and legal issue

:27:19.:27:22.

which is still under investigation. All sides are keen to reach a

:27:23.:27:26.

resolution. The matter is now the subject of legal proceedings.

:27:27.:27:33.

Whatever the resolution up Chris Goldscheider's life has changed

:27:34.:27:37.

beyond recognition. Looking at it there, how do you feel to know that

:27:38.:27:40.

you cannot take it out and make it could like you used to. For someone

:27:41.:27:45.

who spent nine hours playing update, it must be like for a footballer to

:27:46.:27:55.

not be able to kick a football. Clive Coleman reporting. Today,

:27:56.:27:59.

Apple is the most valuable and possibly most powerful company on

:28:00.:28:03.

earth. It all started 40 years ago with three men in an apartment in

:28:04.:28:04.

mountain view. We all know the story

:28:05.:28:10.

of the late Steve Jobs. The nerdier among us will also know

:28:11.:28:13.

about the flamboyant Steve Wozniak. But could you name the third

:28:14.:28:16.

co-founder of Apple? The man who designed

:28:17.:28:18.

the company's very first logo? Our North America technology

:28:19.:28:20.

reporter Dave Lee went to meet him. Ronald Wayne, on May 17, 1934. In

:28:21.:28:35.

the midst of the great depression. Steve Jobs had this focus. Once he

:28:36.:28:43.

got an idea in his head, that was it. And you never wanted to be

:28:44.:28:46.

between him and where he wanted to go. You would wind up with the

:28:47.:28:50.

Prince on your forehead. This is the contract. I personally tied to this

:28:51.:28:56.

up. I was a little more diplomatic than he was. There was a problem he

:28:57.:29:00.

was having at that time with Steve Wozniak. I said, come over to the

:29:01.:29:06.

house and we will chat. It took 45 minutes, less than an hour to get

:29:07.:29:11.

him to understand, no, you cannot do it like that for a business

:29:12.:29:15.

enterprise. OK, fine, he bought into it and understood. At that moment in

:29:16.:29:20.

time, Steve jobs said, we are going to form a company. 12 days later, I

:29:21.:29:33.

went down to the registrar's office and had my name taken off the

:29:34.:29:35.

contract. If the company goes poof, we are

:29:36.:29:52.

individually liable for the debts of the company. Jobs and Steve Wozniak

:29:53.:29:58.

did not have to Nichols to rub together. I had a house, a bank

:29:59.:30:02.

account, and a car, and I was reachable. Some months later, I get

:30:03.:30:07.

a letter in the mail with a cheque for $1500, I believe, and the letter

:30:08.:30:14.

said, all you have to do is sign away every possible interest you

:30:15.:30:19.

could have in the Apple Computer company, and the check is yours.

:30:20.:30:23.

Well, I figured that I had already done that, and as far as I was

:30:24.:30:28.

concerned, it was found money. So I went ahead and signed. People will

:30:29.:30:37.

watch this and they will say, surely as Ron is about to go to sleep, he

:30:38.:30:41.

must often think of what could have been with Apple? Do you? I would

:30:42.:30:48.

have wind up heading a very large documentation department at the back

:30:49.:30:52.

of the building, shovelling papers for the next 20 years of my life and

:30:53.:30:56.

that was not the future I saw for myself. Find something that you

:30:57.:31:00.

enjoy doing so much that you would be willing to do it for nothing and

:31:01.:31:04.

you will never work a day in your life.

:31:05.:31:20.

Good to hear his perspective on life.

:31:21.:31:27.

We will hear about a new scheme to make wants more peaceful places to

:31:28.:31:40.

speak. Well and you scheme helping police crackdown on hate crimes

:31:41.:31:43.

solve the problem? Let's go to the BBC Newsroom

:31:44.:31:45.

for more on that and a summary More than a million workers

:31:46.:31:48.

will receive a pay rise today as the new National Living

:31:49.:31:53.

Wage comes into force. It will mean that employers

:31:54.:31:56.

will have to pay all workers aged 25 or over at least ?7.20 an hour

:31:57.:32:15.

and is expected to give 1.3 million Unions have welcomed

:32:16.:32:18.

the new hourly rate, but business groups have warned that

:32:19.:32:21.

some firms may have to cut jobs A teenager has been detained

:32:22.:32:24.

for nine years for killing sixteen year-old Bailey Gwynne

:32:25.:32:28.

at an Aberdeen secondary The youth who can't be named

:32:29.:32:30.

for legal reasons will serve 9 years in prison and two years supervision

:32:31.:32:34.

for stabbing the 16 year old Bailey The business secretary, Sajid Javid,

:32:35.:32:37.

today visits the threatened Port Talbot steel works -

:32:38.:32:41.

and is expected to meet some of the workers who

:32:42.:32:43.

fear for their jobs. He's expected to tell them

:32:44.:32:45.

that the government will use all official and diplomatic levers

:32:46.:32:47.

to secure the future The Indian-owned Tata group has

:32:48.:32:50.

announced its ready to sell off the loss-making business,

:32:51.:32:53.

which employs nearly fifteen Aaron and viola player is suing the

:32:54.:33:00.

Royal Opera house in London for his career and hearing. He says his

:33:01.:33:05.

hearing was destroyed by Bracek instruments placed immediately

:33:06.:33:07.

behind him during rehearsals when he was a member of the orchestra at the

:33:08.:33:11.

Royal Opera house, the musicians union says hearing damage is a huge

:33:12.:33:16.

problem for musicians playing in orchestras. The Royal Opera house

:33:17.:33:18.

denies it is responsible. Denise Robertson,the agony aunt

:33:19.:33:23.

for ITV's This Morning programme, The show confirmed that she had been

:33:24.:33:25.

suffering from pancreatic cancer. Philip Schofield has said

:33:26.:33:29.

he is 'heartbroken' to hear the news adding: 'she was kind thoughtful,

:33:30.:33:31.

caring and wonderful'. That's a summary of the latest news,

:33:32.:33:44.

join me for BBC Newsroom live Here's some sport now with Will -

:33:45.:33:47.

with news of boxer Nick Blackwell, and a sportsman who's been

:33:48.:33:51.

in a very similar position. The British boxer Nick Blackwell is

:33:52.:33:58.

expected to wake from his induced coma in the next 2- seeded according

:33:59.:34:04.

to his family. He suffered a small bleed on the brain on Saturday after

:34:05.:34:08.

the title fight against Chris Eubank Jr. But in's more successful

:34:09.:34:13.

Olympian will fulfil his childhood dream when he switches to Le Mans

:34:14.:34:22.

24. The West Indies will be represented in both the men's and

:34:23.:34:27.

women's T20 finals after the men completed a seven wicket victory

:34:28.:34:31.

over the hosts yesterday. They will face England in Sunday's final with

:34:32.:34:34.

the woman's team taking on Australia. Nick Blackwell beginning

:34:35.:34:39.

that recovery in hospital. One man who knows dumping about what he is

:34:40.:34:43.

going through is the British inventor William Fox, the three-time

:34:44.:34:47.

prolific medallist has been out of action since raised in an induced

:34:48.:34:52.

coma after falling at the horse Championships in October and will

:34:53.:34:59.

return to action this weekend. We can speak to Great Britain 's most

:35:00.:35:04.

successful writer. You have won it all. -- more successful rider. After

:35:05.:35:13.

six months you about competing, people would say you are crazy, you

:35:14.:35:17.

could have an easy life presenting the Olympics beside Clare Balding!

:35:18.:35:24.

It is a sign of madness but I love riding my horses. I have a fantastic

:35:25.:35:30.

team you and my vision is back to normal thanks to the doctor in

:35:31.:35:34.

Bournemouth and I am able to ride again and it is what I do, looking

:35:35.:35:38.

forward to tomorrow. That is something in you in particular

:35:39.:35:43.

button sportsmen and sportswoman, you have to decide to go back and

:35:44.:35:51.

put yourself in that position. To 19 year it is quite a big deal what

:35:52.:35:55.

they had to go through while I was recovering was a great deal. The

:35:56.:36:00.

fact that it is all systems go, I am lucky. It is what I love doing and

:36:01.:36:05.

what I can do, what I know how to do and we have got the system here to

:36:06.:36:15.

do it. This might sound like a silly question, what is it like when

:36:16.:36:20.

you're in an induced coma, are you aware at all of what is going on,

:36:21.:36:24.

are you aware you are alive in that situation? You are not aware of

:36:25.:36:29.

anything, my memory from the occasion is scant, unluckily. I have

:36:30.:36:34.

had it easiest, anybody I run the attack had it much worse. The

:36:35.:36:46.

battery has just gone! Limit for me it has been easy, my memory is gone

:36:47.:36:52.

from that, I hardly remember a thing or hardly remember being in France

:36:53.:36:56.

and I was there for a few weeks but I am Bagnaia and all systems go. I

:36:57.:37:01.

think it is much harder for the poor people who suffered looking at me

:37:02.:37:04.

and wondering how I might be one day. What advice would you have for

:37:05.:37:10.

somebody like Nick Blackwell and be a hearing good news from the boxing

:37:11.:37:15.

world. He is to come out of the induced coma in the next few days.

:37:16.:37:19.

The recovery process, taking your time, he will never box again but

:37:20.:37:22.

you must be able to relate to his situation. Everybody said to me,

:37:23.:37:29.

take your time, not to hurry. Don't expect great things and the brain is

:37:30.:37:35.

amazing at recovering and it does recover in its own time. I have been

:37:36.:37:41.

lucky, it has taken a few months but can take up to a year and you can be

:37:42.:37:46.

back to normal again. An astonishing man, we wish you all the best and

:37:47.:37:50.

good luck this weekend. Thank you very much. The incredible William

:37:51.:37:55.

Fox Pitt, surrounded by rosettes. Margaret Thatcher famously survived

:37:56.:38:08.

on just four hours of sleep a night. but the inventor Nikola Tesla never

:38:09.:38:11.

slept for more than two. Winston Churchill was a night owl

:38:12.:38:14.

but took a two hour nap every day - and when Napoleon Bonaparte

:38:15.:38:18.

was asked how many hours sleep people need, he is said to have

:38:19.:38:21.

replied: "Six for a man, seven for a woman,

:38:22.:38:24.

eight for a fool." Well - today the Royal Society

:38:25.:38:26.

for Public Health is warning that too many of us are on the wrong

:38:27.:38:29.

side of that advice - So much so that they want

:38:30.:38:32.

the government to intervene and issue guidance with a so-called

:38:33.:38:36.

'slumber number' for the hours of shut-eye we should

:38:37.:38:38.

get every night. Let's speak to Shirley Cramer

:38:39.:38:40.

who is the Chief Executive of the Royal Society

:38:41.:38:42.

for Public Health, who published Do people ever show off about how

:38:43.:38:50.

much sleep they get, it is quite a thing? People sometimes it get four

:38:51.:38:57.

hours a night and five hours a night and it should be seeing it is not

:38:58.:39:01.

something to boast about, you should get between 7-9 hours if you are an

:39:02.:39:06.

adult so the average slumber number would be between that. I very rarely

:39:07.:39:15.

hate that. What impact is it having? Sleep deprivation has really

:39:16.:39:21.

negative impacts on both the physical and mental health and we

:39:22.:39:26.

know this from research which says that if you are sleep deprived and

:39:27.:39:30.

in one of those ship rolls or in a job or you are getting much less

:39:31.:39:35.

sleep, you are much more at risk for cardiovascular disease, for cancer,

:39:36.:39:38.

for diabetes, for eating properly and for depression. We need to think

:39:39.:39:44.

about sleep in the same way we think about all the other things that are

:39:45.:39:48.

good for our health. The same way we think about our good diet or

:39:49.:39:52.

physical activity, and think about sleep as being one of those issues

:39:53.:39:57.

that we should all be concerned about and should all hope that we

:39:58.:40:00.

get a bit more sleep. There are often stories about sleep, but this

:40:01.:40:06.

is the first time there seems to be a message trying to come out

:40:07.:40:10.

properly to say, don't see it as a waste of time, but actually

:40:11.:40:17.

something that could really have an impact on your health. It really

:40:18.:40:21.

does because it is restorative and even though we don't understand

:40:22.:40:25.

every single baton the process run that, sleep researchers have

:40:26.:40:29.

discovered just how good it is for us. For example, if you are sleep

:40:30.:40:33.

deprived, you're more likely to have an accident and one in five road

:40:34.:40:37.

traffic accidents are to do with sleep deprivation and being tired.

:40:38.:40:43.

Accidents at home, if you are sleep deprived as well. It does put us all

:40:44.:40:50.

at risk for a whole host of issues and chronic conditions are growing

:40:51.:40:53.

in our society and as we are getting fatter and older, these are also

:40:54.:40:58.

issues about sleep deprivation that we have to consider and think about

:40:59.:41:02.

how we might help ourselves and how the government might help us to get

:41:03.:41:09.

a better night getting sleep. We are suggesting that if you are being top

:41:10.:41:13.

to health care worker they might ask you about your sleep pattern, how

:41:14.:41:16.

are you doing with sleep, are you getting enough, so that people think

:41:17.:41:24.

about sleep is a public health issue. When you get into any pattern

:41:25.:41:28.

of behaviour it is all was hard to break, there are different reasons

:41:29.:41:34.

as to why people get that and insomnia is something that affects

:41:35.:41:38.

people and it is effectively out of their control. It is a really

:41:39.:41:44.

vicious cycle if you are in one of the sleep disorders. Insomnia is

:41:45.:41:47.

defined as somebody who has difficulty falling asleep three

:41:48.:41:51.

nights in the week for three months and then you are having fewer days,

:41:52.:41:56.

so you are grumpy or cannot concentrate during the day and at

:41:57.:42:00.

that case you need some support and that might be through medication, so

:42:01.:42:03.

sleeping tablets or cognitive behaviour therapy and we are calling

:42:04.:42:08.

for more cognitive behaviour therapy to be available, it is tricky for

:42:09.:42:13.

GPs because not too much of this is available and we are now having a

:42:14.:42:18.

new app which is a digital CBT app because some people can get more

:42:19.:42:22.

support, but sleep apnoea, some people have trouble breathing when

:42:23.:42:26.

they are sleeping and waking up all the time. For that between 10-15% of

:42:27.:42:35.

the population are affected by these persistent sleep problems. You talk

:42:36.:42:39.

about an app being helpful, but the phones are often very unhelpful. For

:42:40.:42:44.

many of us,, lots of us, the last thing you look at that night when

:42:45.:42:48.

you are playing away on your phone and the first thing you reach for in

:42:49.:42:51.

the morning and you can fritter away time when you should really be

:42:52.:42:58.

crashing out. With adolescence and young people it is bad and from

:42:59.:43:01.

American research we know that the more devices you have in your

:43:02.:43:06.

bedroom at night, looking at your smartphone, computer. Whatever it

:43:07.:43:12.

is, the less likely you are to have the right amount of sleep and that

:43:13.:43:17.

impairs learning for young people and so what we really need to know

:43:18.:43:21.

is try to think about getting those devices out of the bedroom we know

:43:22.:43:22.

what we should do! Some news to bring you

:43:23.:43:34.

coming out of India - and police there say they've

:43:35.:43:36.

detained five officials of the construction company

:43:37.:43:38.

that was building an overpass in Kolkata that collapsed,

:43:39.:43:40.

killing 23 people. Kolkata police said the five

:43:41.:43:42.

officials were detained today for questioning about why

:43:43.:43:44.

the overpass fell in a busy neighborhood, leaving an enormous

:43:45.:43:46.

pile of concrete slabs Twenty-three people were killed

:43:47.:43:50.

and more than 80 people were injured If you've ever spent

:43:51.:43:54.

the night in hospital - you'll know that it's usually a time

:43:55.:43:59.

when your body needs a good rest and time to recuperate,

:44:00.:44:03.

but how has that experience been for you, did you struggle to get

:44:04.:44:05.

proper, because of a noisy ward - That was a re-creation of noise

:44:06.:44:11.

you could hear on a ward which was used in training

:44:12.:44:35.

by researchers at Oxford University. They've been working

:44:36.:44:37.

with staff on the ICU ward at John Radcliffe Hospital

:44:38.:44:39.

to lower noise levels. Lets talk to Julie Darbyshire -

:44:40.:44:41.

a Critical Care Research Programme Manager at the University

:44:42.:44:44.

of Oxford. Thank you very much for joining us.

:44:45.:44:52.

A lot of those noises are an integral part of what is going on in

:44:53.:44:57.

the ward, so how easy is it to tone it down? There are a number of

:44:58.:45:01.

things we can do, so what we're doing is specifically looking at the

:45:02.:45:05.

intensive care unit where the world health organisation say levels

:45:06.:45:08.

should be somewhere between 30-35 decibel is, so that is lower than a

:45:09.:45:13.

public library. Anybody in a hospital environment will tell you

:45:14.:45:17.

it is not what it's like. We put our measuring devices into the intensive

:45:18.:45:22.

care units in the Oxford area and found that it was more like 55-60

:45:23.:45:30.

decibel pool match, much like a busy restaurant -- 55-60 decibels. We

:45:31.:45:39.

have put the staff on a bed and play sounds to them and we move around

:45:40.:45:42.

the bed as we were delivering care to them like nurses and doctors

:45:43.:45:47.

would what they have said is that it is enlightening and they are

:45:48.:45:50.

surprised at how disorientating it can be just lying on the bed without

:45:51.:45:53.

knowing what is going on and even familiar sounds, they cannot work

:45:54.:45:57.

out what they are, so raising awareness of what makes what kind of

:45:58.:46:02.

noise and what effect it can have on patients is really important.

:46:03.:46:07.

Woodbridge is talking about the impact that not enough sleep can

:46:08.:46:12.

have on health. If you are in hospital and you need to be

:46:13.:46:16.

recovering, what impact could it have on patients? -- we were just

:46:17.:46:23.

talking. There is evidence that sleep deprivation extends hospital

:46:24.:46:28.

stays. Getting that sleep every night is really important. In the

:46:29.:46:32.

intensive care unit, it is particularly bad. Patients can

:46:33.:46:35.

expect to get something like three or four hours of sleep in a full 24

:46:36.:46:41.

hours, and that is very fragmented. They will fall asleep for five

:46:42.:46:44.

minutes at a time. It is nothing like the restorative sleep that you

:46:45.:46:50.

or I would get at home. Obviously, you have given people working in the

:46:51.:46:53.

hospital the chance to see what it is like from a patient's

:46:54.:46:57.

perspective, how much of the difference could potentially make?

:46:58.:47:01.

It could make a huge difference. We are currently measuring the noise

:47:02.:47:06.

levels and talking to patients to find out what difference it has

:47:07.:47:10.

made. We have just started this programme and we have been running

:47:11.:47:13.

it for a couple of months, so in a few months we should be able to have

:47:14.:47:17.

some results and say, look, these changes that you can make, we have

:47:18.:47:21.

changed metal bins for plastic ones, some simple environmental changes,

:47:22.:47:26.

so if we can say this has made a difference, it has made the unit

:47:27.:47:30.

quieter and patients feel better for it, then we would like to take that

:47:31.:47:35.

nationally. And if it does translate, to shorter patient stays,

:47:36.:47:40.

then obviously that is a big if at the moment, because it will not be

:47:41.:47:43.

clear how much of a dividend will make, but it could have quite a big

:47:44.:47:50.

impact? It could. Absolutely. Every patient day in an intensive care

:47:51.:47:54.

unit costs the national health service about ?2000. Julie

:47:55.:48:00.

Derbyshire, thank you very much. Pleasure.

:48:01.:48:02.

Police forces in England and Wales are to start recording hate crimes

:48:03.:48:05.

against Muslims in a separate category in their crime

:48:06.:48:11.

Fiyaz Mughal is the founder of Tell Mama, a support

:48:12.:48:15.

group which measures and monitors anti-Muslim incidents.

:48:16.:48:19.

Thank you for coming in. Obviously, we have known this is coming in but

:48:20.:48:29.

from today, hate crimes will have to be specifically recorded. Indeed. It

:48:30.:48:33.

is a separate recording mechanism and that is a positive thing. It

:48:34.:48:37.

provides a real opportunity to see the level and scale of issues,

:48:38.:48:41.

particularly affecting Muslim communities around anti-muscle and

:48:42.:48:44.

prejudice. It is a positive step forward. They do this with

:48:45.:48:51.

anti-Semitic recordings, so it is about parity, ensuring that records

:48:52.:48:54.

are accurate and reflect what is happening in society. It is almost a

:48:55.:48:59.

question of why is it taking so long, when it is already connected

:49:00.:49:05.

to other hate crimes. Good point. The government has made a bold step

:49:06.:49:09.

in doing this. It is much needed and it is finally here. We have been

:49:10.:49:12.

recording this for the last four years. No one will be getting police

:49:13.:49:19.

data through data sharing, and it will give us an accurate picture. I

:49:20.:49:24.

think it is a positive step forward. Over the four years that you have

:49:25.:49:28.

been recording hate crimes against Muslims, what sort of crimes are you

:49:29.:49:32.

recording and what is happening with the statistics? Are they changing

:49:33.:49:37.

much? They are changing rapidly given international and national

:49:38.:49:42.

incidents. When there is a terrorist incident, there will be a spike or a

:49:43.:49:46.

peek. After the murder of Lee Rigby, after the terrorist issues in Paris,

:49:47.:49:53.

after Charlie Hebdo, there were significant spikes. Sadly, it is a

:49:54.:49:56.

growing problem of anti-Muslim prejudice. I think this year we will

:49:57.:50:02.

see a doubling of cases coming to us, and if we had the statistics

:50:03.:50:08.

from the three forces that have given statistics, today we are

:50:09.:50:12.

looking at about 2500 incidents. It is a growing issue. The kind of

:50:13.:50:18.

issues we pick up, we pick up general abuse, mainly towards

:50:19.:50:21.

visible Muslim women at a street level, and also damage to mosques.

:50:22.:50:27.

Just the other day we had racist graffiti, for example, in Dewsbury.

:50:28.:50:30.

We picked up incidents where there have been Arsenal attempts -- arson

:50:31.:50:35.

attempts against Islamic institutions. A range of incidents,

:50:36.:50:42.

mostly general abuse targeting Muslim women. Specifically recording

:50:43.:50:45.

them, what difference will this make? It is not that these crimes

:50:46.:50:49.

are not being dealt with, it is just that they are not being listed as

:50:50.:50:54.

official statistics. It is really important because these incidents

:50:55.:50:57.

have an impact on a sense of identity and integration, and it is

:50:58.:51:01.

important for public policy that would get a grip on what is actually

:51:02.:51:05.

taking place and that can change public policy and help us understand

:51:06.:51:09.

issues not only of integration but how big impact on identity and even

:51:10.:51:13.

extremism. The main thing is to understand the needs of the victim.

:51:14.:51:17.

It is about supporting victims and understanding what is happening out

:51:18.:51:19.

there in society. Thank you very much. Thank you for your comments

:51:20.:51:27.

about our story earlier on about how the NHS must get better at learning

:51:28.:51:31.

at its mistakes -- from its mistakes. One viewer has contacted

:51:32.:51:38.

us saying, my dad is still feeling the effects of a botched operation

:51:39.:51:45.

in the 70s. Hugh says, I owe my life to the NHS and lives are saved every

:51:46.:51:47.

day. Earlier I spoke to Melissa Mead,

:51:48.:51:51.

whose year old son William died of sepsis after repeated visits

:51:52.:51:54.

to the GP and a call William began to get brutally at the

:51:55.:52:02.

beginning of October and developed a very nasty cough. Over the preceding

:52:03.:52:09.

11 weeks, he started vomiting, coughing up phlegm. We repeatedly

:52:10.:52:12.

went back to the doctor. We saw a different doctor and we were just

:52:13.:52:19.

sent away, saying it was just a cough, just a virus. Until 36 hours

:52:20.:52:27.

before he died, he had a temperature of 40, and we went into the GP. We

:52:28.:52:35.

thought it was a thorough examination but it later transpired

:52:36.:52:38.

that it was far from that. We took William Holman, and called 111 the

:52:39.:52:43.

following day because we were concerned. We spoke to an out of

:52:44.:52:48.

hours doctor and they told us it was not an emergency. Leaving him in bed

:52:49.:52:53.

was the best place for him, they said. The next day, we woke up to

:52:54.:53:00.

every parent's worst nightmare, to find your child has passed away. And

:53:01.:53:07.

there were errors which have subsequently been acknowledged. It

:53:08.:53:10.

must be so hard for you to hear that it could have been different. I

:53:11.:53:15.

think the worst possible thing that can possibly happen in any one's

:53:16.:53:19.

life is to lose a child. To then find out that the child died in what

:53:20.:53:24.

was unavoidable and preventable circumstance is beyond, retention.

:53:25.:53:30.

Especially when you have taken your child to them repeatedly with the

:53:31.:53:36.

symptoms they have been presenting ample symptoms have been not

:53:37.:53:39.

recognised, and you are not listen to as a parent. We are the people

:53:40.:53:44.

that know William the most because we are with him 24 hours a day. To

:53:45.:53:51.

be listened to is important. How did you feel everything was handled once

:53:52.:53:57.

it became clear that things could have been done differently? Weren't

:53:58.:54:02.

you listened to then? It takes a long time to get to a point where

:54:03.:54:07.

the organisations involved start investigating. We had an inquest

:54:08.:54:11.

first. But there is a huge gap. Nobody comes to you and says, that

:54:12.:54:19.

is -- this is what is going to happen, these are your options. We

:54:20.:54:22.

had to turn to the internet to find out what would happen and what our

:54:23.:54:27.

rights were, what our choices were. And when the investigation began

:54:28.:54:33.

after the inquest, it felt like a disenfranchised process, where they

:54:34.:54:38.

had created a culture of them and asked. You are met with almost a

:54:39.:54:43.

defence because obviously it was apparent that there were holes in

:54:44.:54:50.

William's care, and it always seems that they are trying to shy away

:54:51.:54:53.

from saying that they have made this mistake because they do not want to

:54:54.:54:57.

be blamed. But we do not want to blame people, want for it to not

:54:58.:55:01.

happen again. We don't want to be in this position, asking these

:55:02.:55:04.

questions but equally, we have every right to know the answer to these

:55:05.:55:09.

questions. People forget that we are William's voice as his parents. It

:55:10.:55:13.

is important to be part of that process.

:55:14.:55:15.

An all-star tribute concert to David Bowie took place

:55:16.:55:18.

Cyndi Lauper, Debbie Harry, Michael Stipe and The Pixies

:55:19.:55:21.

were among the musicians that appeared.

:55:22.:55:22.

Originally organised as a retrospective, it become

:55:23.:55:26.

a memorial event after the singer's death from cancer in January.

:55:27.:55:29.

Organisers say they were overwhelmed by requests from performers keen

:55:30.:55:32.

to take part, and had to turn some down.

:55:33.:55:34.

Let's take a look at some of the performances

:55:35.:55:36.

# There's a Starman waiting in the sky. # we can be heroes just for one

:55:37.:56:07.

day. # Hey man! Leave me alone. # Hey

:56:08.:56:20.

man! # it ain't easy.

:56:21.:56:30.

# Don't explain what I have to know. # Sitting in the quicksand of my

:56:31.:57:01.

thoughts. # Because I ain't got the power any

:57:02.:57:09.

more. # We can be heroes, just for one

:57:10.:57:15.

day. Thank you everybody. God bless David

:57:16.:57:21.

Bowie. Tributes to David Bowie. Let's bring you more of your

:57:22.:57:24.

comments about noisy wards in hospitals. Lots of you are

:57:25.:57:30.

advertising with the report today about the impact of noise in

:57:31.:57:36.

hospitals. Dorothy e-mails to say, I remember having my first baby in

:57:37.:57:39.

hospital and I could not sleep because of doctors and nurses coming

:57:40.:57:42.

down to the word on their brakes and having a jolly time in the office.

:57:43.:57:52.

Keith has e-mailed to say the NHS has done research on noise, and we

:57:53.:57:59.

have years, so it seems obvious. -- we have years. Always great to get

:58:00.:58:05.

your input, whatever we are discussing. When we are not on air,

:58:06.:58:10.

you can keep in touch at any time, on Twitter or Facebook: If you would

:58:11.:58:18.

like to watch our films or interviews at any time, do it

:58:19.:58:20.

online. Just visit our programme page:

:58:21.:58:29.

This is the one opportunity that I have to show them something

:58:30.:58:37.

ALL: Oooh! Mm-hm.

:58:38.:58:43.

Wow! EXCITED CHATTER

:58:44.:58:46.

Well, that is a really rare glimpse of an incredible elusive creature.

:58:47.:58:52.

Download Subtitles

SRT

ASS