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A day of commemoration as people across Europe mark 100 years since | :00:00. | :00:14. | |
In Belgium, where the first troops were killed, both royals and world | :00:15. | :00:25. | |
leaders remembered those lost, and reflected on their legacy. | :00:26. | :00:37. | |
Former adversaries have worked together for three generations to | :00:38. | :00:44. | |
spread democracy, prosperity and the rule of law. | :00:45. | :00:52. | |
As Europe reflects on its bloody past we'll look | :00:53. | :00:54. | |
at the legacy of the conflict still being felt across the Middle East. | :00:55. | :01:02. | |
There is a new conflict which is still deadly. There is a situation | :01:03. | :01:07. | |
that Europe must face. As a pause in the fighting ends | :01:08. | :01:11. | |
Israel vows it?s to continue its military campaign in Gaza | :01:12. | :01:17. | |
until their security is assured. And rescuers check rabble after a | :01:18. | :01:39. | |
deadly earthquake. -- rescuers check rubble. | :01:40. | :01:48. | |
Today marks 100 years since Britain and its Empire entered the | :01:49. | :01:52. | |
On this day in 1914, German troops invaded Belgium in order to attack | :01:53. | :01:56. | |
France and Britain responded by declaring war on Germany. | :01:57. | :01:58. | |
In Belgium, where the invasion by German troops brought Britain into | :01:59. | :02:03. | |
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge were joined by Belgium's king | :02:04. | :02:07. | |
and queen and also the presidents of Germany and France. | :02:08. | :02:09. | |
Thousands of balloons were released over the memorial at the site | :02:10. | :02:12. | |
Our royal correspondent Nicholas Witchell reports | :02:13. | :02:15. | |
It was a summer much like today, said the minister of Glasgow | :02:16. | :02:30. | |
It was 100 years ago today, the day Britain went to war. | :02:31. | :02:38. | |
From every continent the leaders of countries | :02:39. | :02:41. | |
which had once been part of the British Empire and which are now | :02:42. | :02:44. | |
linked by the Commonwealth came to remember and to pay their respects. | :02:45. | :02:59. | |
Most of the fighting, most of the casualties occurred | :03:00. | :03:01. | |
Belgium was the first point of impact, invaded by German forces | :03:02. | :03:09. | |
To the city of Liege, stoutly defended | :03:10. | :03:17. | |
by Belgian forces in 1914, came many of Europe's present day leaders. | :03:18. | :03:20. | |
He was thankful for the invitation, he said, and there was contrition | :03:21. | :03:35. | |
for Germany's completely unjustifiable invasion of Belgium, | :03:36. | :03:38. | |
as he put it, and for the conduct of German troops. | :03:39. | :03:42. | |
President Hollande of France spoke about present-day wars and what he | :03:43. | :03:46. | |
Prince William said recent events in Ukraine showed that instability | :03:47. | :03:51. | |
But he said something better was possible. | :03:52. | :03:57. | |
The fact that the presidents of Germany | :03:58. | :04:01. | |
and Austria are here today and that other nations, then enemies, | :04:02. | :04:05. | |
are here too, bears testimony to the power of reconciliation. | :04:06. | :04:11. | |
Balloons were released as a symbol of unity and peace. | :04:12. | :04:18. | |
In Glasgow the Prince of Wales laid a wreath | :04:19. | :04:20. | |
in tribute to all those from Britain and the Commonwealth who gave | :04:21. | :04:23. | |
And in Folkestone, from where hundreds of thousands of | :04:24. | :04:33. | |
soldiers embarked for the Western Front, Prince Harry opened a | :04:34. | :04:35. | |
Tonight Britain's attention will centre on Westminster Abbey with | :04:36. | :04:42. | |
a vigil which will be shared across the country as lights are dimmed. | :04:43. | :04:45. | |
A moment of reflection inspired by a remark by the Foreign Secretary | :04:46. | :04:51. | |
of Britain a century ago, that the lamps were going out all | :04:52. | :04:54. | |
It is the solemn commemoration of a catastrophic moment, | :04:55. | :05:01. | |
represented at the Tower of London by nearly 1 million ceramic poppies | :05:02. | :05:03. | |
placed there to signify the bloodshed and the sacrifice of war. | :05:04. | :05:25. | |
16 million people died in that war. Hundreds of thousands were British | :05:26. | :05:32. | |
troops. Historians have been able to identify the first British soldier | :05:33. | :05:34. | |
to die. He was Private John Parr. At this cemetery David McCarthy | :05:35. | :05:49. | |
and his daughter have reached Around them the men of the Middlesex | :05:50. | :05:51. | |
Regiment lost in fighting at Mons. Ahead, the last resting place | :05:52. | :05:58. | |
of David's great uncle. This is a very special day | :05:59. | :06:03. | |
when the whole nation is remembering So that does really add to | :06:04. | :06:05. | |
the emotion of the moment. Many of the 90 families attending | :06:06. | :06:14. | |
tonight's ceremony are here Amongst them the descendants | :06:15. | :06:16. | |
of Corporal Walter Last. He was only a baby | :06:17. | :06:23. | |
when his father was killed. It is very important | :06:24. | :06:28. | |
for us to come and pay This evening Europe will remember | :06:29. | :06:30. | |
in particular Private John Parr, 17 years old, | :06:31. | :06:35. | |
and the first British soldier to be I heard from Berlin to say that | :06:36. | :06:37. | |
my son was shot down at Mons... His great-niece has a copy | :06:38. | :06:46. | |
of the letter in which Tonight it will be shared with | :06:47. | :06:51. | |
a global audience. I have a photograph of the family | :06:52. | :06:57. | |
wedding, of me holding the hand So I like to think that I am | :06:58. | :07:00. | |
now taking her by the hand As dusk falls on a day | :07:01. | :07:07. | |
of remembrance the most powerful message still | :07:08. | :07:11. | |
comes from those who were there. As soon as you get over the top fear | :07:12. | :07:15. | |
has left you and it is terror. I was tired of seeing infantry | :07:16. | :07:28. | |
sinking back in that morass, I was tired of all the carnage, | :07:29. | :07:32. | |
of all the sacrifice just to gain These soldiers stabbed each other, | :07:33. | :07:39. | |
strangled each other, What was it that we who have nothing | :07:40. | :07:49. | |
against them personally fought with Where better to reflect | :07:50. | :07:59. | |
on the futility of conflict and We the Duke and Duchess of the ant | :08:00. | :08:44. | |
David Cameron who will be taking part in a major service of | :08:45. | :08:56. | |
remembrance. -- the Duke and Duchess of York. | :08:57. | :09:05. | |
We will be asking is its shadow still felt today. | :09:06. | :09:15. | |
An eight-year-old girl was killed in an air strike | :09:16. | :09:17. | |
on a refugee camp in Gaza just minutes into a unilateral pause | :09:18. | :09:20. | |
in Israel's military operations, according to Palestinian officials. | :09:21. | :09:21. | |
The Israeli army says it's looking into the incident. | :09:22. | :09:24. | |
The seven-hour truce by the Israeli army came into effect in parts | :09:25. | :09:27. | |
of Gaza this morning, but it didn't apply in the southern town of Rafah. | :09:28. | :09:31. | |
So far over 1,800 Palestinians and 67 Israelis have been killed | :09:32. | :09:38. | |
Orla Guerin sent this report from Gaza City. | :09:39. | :09:40. | |
You may find some of the images distressing. | :09:41. | :09:51. | |
Fresh casualties arrive on the day of an Israeli cease-fire. Survivors | :09:52. | :10:01. | |
told as missiles at their homes. An attack that came about warning. This | :10:02. | :10:17. | |
was the latest innocent victim. They should fight soldiers, not the | :10:18. | :10:26. | |
children. Casualties are still arriving at the hospital. It is | :10:27. | :10:30. | |
chaotic. There is not room for all the people that are arriving. They | :10:31. | :10:36. | |
say that this attack happened after the humanitarian cease-fire was | :10:37. | :10:52. | |
supposed to have begun. He is grandmother said, we will | :10:53. | :10:55. | |
stand firm and have more children to fight Israel. | :10:56. | :11:03. | |
Some took advantage of the Seas fire to salvage what they could from | :11:04. | :11:11. | |
their homes. Then this front line area there was heavy fighting. | :11:12. | :11:22. | |
This was my house. This was where I built my dreams. My memories. | :11:23. | :11:33. | |
This is the ruins of the house where he lived with his wife, children and | :11:34. | :11:39. | |
extended family. He says he will bring his infant son and daughter | :11:40. | :11:43. | |
back year to live in a tent and they will teach them about the Israelis. | :11:44. | :11:52. | |
They have two learn how to live with those people. How can we live | :11:53. | :12:09. | |
together? They destroyed the house. His losses include family farmland | :12:10. | :12:21. | |
and as plastics factory. This man of books is now left with sadness and | :12:22. | :12:28. | |
heat. International pressure has been | :12:29. | :12:32. | |
mounting on Israel over President Hollande of France | :12:33. | :12:34. | |
described yesterday's air strike near a UN-run school as | :12:35. | :12:37. | |
a violation of international law. In Jerusalem, | :12:38. | :12:39. | |
an Israeli died when a mechanical pressure these pictures show the | :12:40. | :13:00. | |
first attack in Jerusalem. Police officers rushed towards him. The | :13:01. | :13:10. | |
police fire at the driver, a Palestinian, and they kill him. | :13:11. | :13:26. | |
Afterwards a crowd gathers. I think we should be able to live in peace. | :13:27. | :13:30. | |
We should stop the radicals from escalating things. This is the most | :13:31. | :13:37. | |
significant attack on Israelis in Jerusalem. We will not be deterred | :13:38. | :13:46. | |
from developing the city of Jerusalem. Terrorists will | :13:47. | :13:55. | |
understand that does not pay. We will go back to our life and move | :13:56. | :14:00. | |
on. Then we get word of another attack. | :14:01. | :14:10. | |
Now there is a sense of fear and uncertainty in Jerusalem. In the | :14:11. | :14:14. | |
space of a few hours there have been two separate attacks at the heart of | :14:15. | :14:21. | |
the city. The attacks put pressure on the Prime Minister of Israel. He | :14:22. | :14:32. | |
insists that Israel's offensive will continue until quiet is restored for | :14:33. | :14:37. | |
a lengthy period. Now a look at some | :14:38. | :14:45. | |
of the days other news. A ferry carrying | :14:46. | :14:48. | |
around 200 passengers has capsized Police say about 100 people have | :14:49. | :14:50. | |
so far been rescued but two bodies The boat sank around 30 kilometres | :14:51. | :14:54. | |
south of the capital, Dhaka. Many | :14:55. | :14:58. | |
of the passengers were coming back A British warship that evacuated 110 | :14:59. | :15:00. | |
citizens from Libya has arrived Over the last few days, | :15:01. | :15:05. | |
226 South Koreans, Indians, Filipinos and Bangladeshis have | :15:06. | :15:12. | |
also landed in Valletta. More than 200 people have died | :15:13. | :15:13. | |
in violence between rival militia groups | :15:14. | :15:15. | |
in Libya over the past two weeks. Thousands | :15:16. | :15:21. | |
of people are fleeing a border town in eastern Lebanon on the third day | :15:22. | :15:23. | |
of fighting between Lebanese troops Clashes broke out in Arsal | :15:24. | :15:26. | |
after soldiers detained a suspected member of the Syrian | :15:27. | :15:34. | |
Islamist group, Al Nusra Front. An Australian couple has denied | :15:35. | :15:49. | |
abandoning a child with town syndrome born to a woman in | :15:50. | :15:54. | |
Thailand. The couple said that they had returned to Australia with his | :15:55. | :15:59. | |
healthy twin sister. The case has led to an online campaign which has | :16:00. | :16:03. | |
raised almost $200,000 for the medical treatment of the child. | :16:04. | :16:13. | |
A rescue operation is underway in China | :16:14. | :16:15. | |
after a strong earthquake struck a remote area of Yunnan province, | :16:16. | :16:17. | |
in the south west of the country, killing at least 400 people. | :16:18. | :16:20. | |
President Xi Jinping has called for "all-out efforts" to find | :16:21. | :16:23. | |
survivors as he dispatched thousands of troops to the disaster region. | :16:24. | :16:25. | |
From Shanghai, our correspondent John Sudworth gave us this update | :16:26. | :16:28. | |
This morning, help finally arrived at the epicentre of the earthquake. | :16:29. | :16:41. | |
Bad visibility and weather conditions have for almost 20 hours | :16:42. | :16:44. | |
stopped the military helicopters from landing. Once airborne, the | :16:45. | :16:51. | |
extent of the lethal destruction was clearly visible in this remote | :16:52. | :16:58. | |
mountainous region. Surveillance camera footage showed the moment it | :16:59. | :17:03. | |
struck at 4:30pm in the afternoon on Sunday. When many people would have | :17:04. | :17:08. | |
been at home. Those that could went to the safety of the outdoors. On | :17:09. | :17:16. | |
the first tremor, everything shook, seven or eight times, this man said. | :17:17. | :17:20. | |
Our house collapsed almost as soon as we got out. Thousands of rescue | :17:21. | :17:27. | |
workers, soldiers and medical staff have been drafted in but progress on | :17:28. | :17:30. | |
the ground is being badly hampered by disrupted communications and | :17:31. | :17:36. | |
blocked roads. Offers of help if needed have come from Washington and | :17:37. | :17:41. | |
the United Nations. But it is access which is the problem. At this stage | :17:42. | :17:44. | |
China appears to have all the manpower needed. The authorities are | :17:45. | :17:49. | |
sending large quantities of bedding and medical supplies. Compare to the | :17:50. | :17:57. | |
2008 earthquake in the neighbouring province which claimed almost 70,000 | :17:58. | :18:03. | |
lives, this disaster is smaller in scale at relative comparisons are | :18:04. | :18:06. | |
meaningless for the hundreds of families that have lost loved ones | :18:07. | :18:09. | |
and the many thousands made homeless. The Chinese premier as | :18:10. | :18:17. | |
flown in to personally oversee the rescue operation. From the air, the | :18:18. | :18:22. | |
real vulnerability is clear. Older buildings are lying collapsed in | :18:23. | :18:27. | |
between new multistorey buildings left standing. The South West is one | :18:28. | :18:32. | |
of the most earthquake prone regions and also one of the poorest. It is | :18:33. | :18:36. | |
that combination leading to such a large loss of life. | :18:37. | :18:41. | |
Earlier we saw how European leaders are marking 100 years | :18:42. | :18:44. | |
since the start of World War One at ceremonies in Belgium. | :18:45. | :18:48. | |
The commemorations are taking place amid a backdrop of ongoing conflicts | :18:49. | :18:50. | |
While the Great War may have officially | :18:51. | :18:55. | |
ended in 1918, today's events have prompted leaders including | :18:56. | :18:57. | |
French President Francois Hollande to draw parallels between the Great | :18:58. | :18:59. | |
TRANSLATION: We should not look at what has happened in the borders of | :19:00. | :19:17. | |
Europe. Close by their is a new conflict which is still deadly. On | :19:18. | :19:20. | |
the other side of the Mediterranean there is a situation Europe must | :19:21. | :19:25. | |
face. You should not believe that these situations are only for the | :19:26. | :19:29. | |
countries involved. Terrorism, violence, all of this can spread. We | :19:30. | :19:32. | |
must act. To discuss this further I'm joined | :19:33. | :19:35. | |
by Dr Paul Salem, Vice President for Policy and Research at The Middle | :19:36. | :19:39. | |
East Institute in Washington D.C and here with me in the studio again | :19:40. | :19:41. | |
is historian Lynelle Howson from the Thank you both for joining us on | :19:42. | :19:54. | |
this historic and significant day. Let me start by talking to you. You | :19:55. | :19:58. | |
have been across these events today on the BBC already. World War I was | :19:59. | :20:04. | |
described as the war to end all wars. At looking at what we have | :20:05. | :20:09. | |
been looking at today, Gaza, Libya, Lebanon, it was not at all. Why not? | :20:10. | :20:20. | |
I think that is something said about the First World War very | :20:21. | :20:23. | |
retrospectively indeed. You can only make the decisions you make at the | :20:24. | :20:27. | |
time with what you have. The First World War suffers from being in the | :20:28. | :20:31. | |
shadow of the Second World War. It makes us more critical in what they | :20:32. | :20:36. | |
might have done differently, but how were they to know? It's changes how | :20:37. | :20:42. | |
we look at it because of experience, knowledge and understanding of the | :20:43. | :20:44. | |
Second World War and what happened after that, the Cold War and the | :20:45. | :20:50. | |
events of today in places like Gaza. Do you think there is a shadow from | :20:51. | :20:55. | |
World War I cast over the Middle East conflict? I do think there is | :20:56. | :21:00. | |
because one of the things the First World War did was redraw the map in | :21:01. | :21:04. | |
many parts of the world. And certainly the Middle East is one of | :21:05. | :21:09. | |
those parts. Dr Paul Salem, do you think the world War contributed to | :21:10. | :21:14. | |
the chaos, the carnage that we are seeing in the Middle East? Certainly | :21:15. | :21:20. | |
it was one of the major factors. It was not the singular, the only | :21:21. | :21:27. | |
event. There was already a Western effort into a declining Muslim world | :21:28. | :21:33. | |
and a declining Ottoman Empire. World War I was a defining moment in | :21:34. | :21:37. | |
the Middle East breaking that empire which had loosely governed the | :21:38. | :21:41. | |
region for almost half a millennium. And there was a very uncertain 20th | :21:42. | :21:46. | |
century. Part of the troubles in the Middle East is that it was very | :21:47. | :21:52. | |
suddenly falling and borders were drawn by the French and the British | :21:53. | :21:57. | |
in World War I. It included a promise for the Israeli and Jewish | :21:58. | :22:02. | |
homeland and Palestine and Israel. It brought with it an additional | :22:03. | :22:06. | |
bunch of challenges. The Middle East in addition to those international | :22:07. | :22:11. | |
challenges has been for the past century trying to deal with the | :22:12. | :22:15. | |
challenges of moving towards a modern state, modern economy and | :22:16. | :22:18. | |
society. The last of those attempts was three years ago in the Arab up | :22:19. | :22:23. | |
risings. Sadly they have come to nothing in most of those countries. | :22:24. | :22:29. | |
It is a very complex mix of challenges and difficulties. Part of | :22:30. | :22:32. | |
it is related to World War I but I would not take all of the causality | :22:33. | :22:39. | |
into that. You were talking about borders. We have got this Jewish | :22:40. | :22:44. | |
diplomat, Mark Sykes and a French diplomat, and between them they | :22:45. | :22:51. | |
can't up the map of the Middle East. -- British diplomat. It was known as | :22:52. | :22:59. | |
the famous line and it was imposed boundaries and they might not have | :23:00. | :23:04. | |
had those boundaries quite as to linear weighted in the past. They | :23:05. | :23:08. | |
were drawn across sectarian divisions but they did not reflect | :23:09. | :23:13. | |
divisions. And people of different faiths in different countries and | :23:14. | :23:19. | |
sectarian divisions continued. How much of a factor is that particular | :23:20. | :23:27. | |
episode in the fighting that we are seeing in the Middle East today? I | :23:28. | :23:32. | |
am less of an expert in this matter than your other guest! I know you | :23:33. | :23:36. | |
have written about this, Dr Paul Salem. Let me say a couple of | :23:37. | :23:43. | |
things. The drawing of those borders first of all, it had an impact on | :23:44. | :23:48. | |
part of the Middle East which is what we call the Lebanon, Palestine, | :23:49. | :23:55. | |
Syria, Israel, Iraq but not the other parts including Egypt and | :23:56. | :24:00. | |
North Africa, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and so on. It impacted part of that | :24:01. | :24:06. | |
region. The region it impacted before World War I was all part of a | :24:07. | :24:14. | |
directly governed group of provinces. They were governed by | :24:15. | :24:21. | |
Turkey 's forces. Turkish Empire. There was not rising encouraged by | :24:22. | :24:26. | |
the British against Turkish rule. The borders that were drawn were | :24:27. | :24:31. | |
somewhat arbitrary. Secondly, they included in each nation state, a new | :24:32. | :24:38. | |
nation state, different communities. But under the Ottoman Empire, all of | :24:39. | :24:42. | |
these areas were multi-sector Aryan. They generally lived together. -- | :24:43. | :25:00. | |
multi sectarian. There was a large uproar in the region, especially | :25:01. | :25:04. | |
because of the British. They had promised a unified Arab state based | :25:05. | :25:08. | |
into mass goods, including Iraqi and much of the area with British | :25:09. | :25:15. | |
support under Arab unified rule. The British made concession to the | :25:16. | :25:18. | |
French allies and gave half of it to France and the agreement caused a | :25:19. | :25:25. | |
great anti-Western reaction in the Arab world. I am just going to jump | :25:26. | :25:30. | |
in there. We have talked about the conflict in Syria and Iraq in recent | :25:31. | :25:35. | |
months. And pace militant group issued a video saying that by moving | :25:36. | :25:43. | |
across from Syria into Iraqi words destroying that agreement you talked | :25:44. | :25:48. | |
about. They certainly believed that the shadow of World War I was | :25:49. | :25:52. | |
looming large. Just to finish with you, Lynelle Howson, what has the | :25:53. | :25:58. | |
world learned from World War I? They have learned that unfortunately | :25:59. | :26:01. | |
violence can achieve some goals and also that the hats they are very | :26:02. | :26:08. | |
short-term. And at a very high cost. And -- and also maybe. There were | :26:09. | :26:14. | |
many people that went into the war and attempted to use it for positive | :26:15. | :26:19. | |
regress as well. Not everybody was satisfied at the end of that and I | :26:20. | :26:23. | |
think that would be true of any armed conflict anywhere. Dr Paul | :26:24. | :26:27. | |
Salem and Lynelle Howson, thank you very much for joining us. | :26:28. | :26:31. | |
And if you are watching us in the UK you can tune | :26:32. | :26:34. | |
into special coverage of World War One commemorations on BBC2. | :26:35. | :26:37. | |
For viewers around the globe, stay with us here on here | :26:38. | :26:40. | |
BBC World, we'll cross live the commemorative ceremony in Mons, | :26:41. | :26:42. | |
If you enjoy day fine Monday there will be some spells of warm sunshine | :26:43. | :27:05. | |
at times this week but that is not the whole story. There will be some | :27:06. | :27:10. | |
wet weather on cheese day and into Wednesday and Friday | :27:11. | :27:11. |