30/11/2015 World News Today

This is BBC World News Today with me Karin Giannone.

World leaders gather in Paris to try and hammer out a deal.

President Obama called the summit a "turning point".

For all of the challenges that we face, the growing threat of climate

change to define the contours of this century more

A BBC investigation uncovers evidence of corruption by employees

of British American Tobacco - one of the UK's biggest companies.

Two Israelis are found guilty of the murder of a Palestinian teenager.

The revenge killing helped trigger the Gaza War.

Pope Francis described Christians and Muslims as "brothers

and sisters" as he visits a mosque at the end

The largest gathering of world leaders

in history taken place in Paris at talks aimed at trying to reach an

Among them, US president Barack Obama, who said the negotiations

could be a turning point - a moment that leaders finally determined that

But the last talks, six years ago, were a failure.

Covering the story from Paris for us is our Science correspondent

there has been a feeling of optimism here today, although these talks are

still a bit haunted by the ghost of Copenhagen six years ago. No deal

was reached at the end there. Here, the approach has been a bit

different. They have tried to get the world leaders here at the

beginning. 150 of them are under one roof. We have had countries like the

US and China sent early on high on board they are with this. The mood

music here has been we have to do something about climate change.

Reporting on the events today is our science editor.

The delicate line of the atmosphere changed by our pollution

That has been a concern for decades, but nothing has really been done

Today came the largest ever gathering

They gave some vivid warnings about the dangers climate change

Submerged countries, abandoned cities, fields that no longer grow.

And he warned that mass migration could follow.

Even more floods of desperate peoples seeking the

Your deliberations over the next two weeks will decide the

fate, not only of those alive today, but also of generations yet unborn.

With 40,000 people here, and more world leaders than ever

before, it is easy to forget what this is all about.

It's the best chance the world has ever had to get

a global agreement on doing something about climate change.

At the heart of it are plans to cut the carbon dioxide and other gases

pumped into the atmosphere, where they trap heat and warm the planet.

As temperatures rise, more heatwaves are likely.

More than 1,000 people died in Pakistan during 50 degree heat

More warming means more melting of the polar ice

and that raises the level of the sea, threatening millions who

It is a one-metre wave coming on the island, which just goes right

And it is concern about the potential impact to

animals and people that has brought one of the world's most famous

David Attenborough is appealing for action.

The longer we take to find a solution, the more difficult it will

be, and eventually, it will become impossible to find a solution.

Today came one answer - radical new technologies like wind turbines

which float high enough to catch the jet stream, part of an initiative

The plan was backed by Bill Gates, who told me why more research

Burning coal in most places is still cheaper than renewables,

and we need breakthroughs so that that cost goes down.

Tonight, dense pollution fills the air in

Scenes like this have helped to change Chinese attitudes

But it is here at the conference centre that we

will see if a bold new international agreement is possible.

So, lots of positive words here today at the conference, but that

does not mean that the next two weeks will be a easy by any means.

195 countries plus the EU have to reach a consensus on any deal that

is made. There will be tensions between the developed world and the

developing world. In previous climate summits the onus was on the

developed world to do something about the greenhouse gas emissions.

The idea is that they are the ones that had been committing them for

years so they should do more about that. Today, 65% of greenhouse gas

emissions come from developing countries. China is the biggest

emitter, India is the third biggest. There is an onus on everybody to do

something. The developing countries are at telling us that you can tell

us not to use fossil fuels because look at how they helped you

developing your countries. There will be real debates over what will

be decided as an acceptable agreement between the different

countries here. 195 countries have begun to an agreement so many

different interests, they think there will be a deal but exactly

what it contains and whether it is enough to stop us moving into what

scientists call dangerous climate change, that remains to be seen.

Of the countries attending the Paris conference, the biggest emitters

have submitted plans in advance on how they will cut

But will their promises be enough to keep warming below two degrees - the

China and India are among 155 countries committed to

cutting fossil fuel use by 30% to 40% over the next 20 years,

but fossil fuel demand is projected to increase by similar figures.

Analysts the Carbon Tracker Initiative say BP, Exxon and Shell

are all projecting a major increase in oil use by 2035, with Opec

planning for a rise of 55% The fossil fuel industry will also spend

$21 trillion on extracting oil to meet that

Anthony Hobley runs the Carbon Tracker Initiative, an independent

financial think tank which provides in-depth analysis on the impact of

He says that it is likely the Paris conference will fail to cap global

warming from going above two degrees.

Even the UN's figures said that these national commitments add up to

2.7 degrees. There are some analysis that say it is even higher, three

and above. The critical thing is that it is a significant difference

to the part that we have been on, the business as usual. If Paris is a

success, we have got to figure out how to get out of the frying pan.

Your group says that the oil giants are all saying that their forecast

said that oil demand is going up and up over the next 20 years,

businesses usual to use your phrase. How is that squaring with the

country say that they are going to reduce demand for traditional fossil

fuels. We are hearing wonderful rhetoric from the oil companies and

we will hear that in Paris. They think they should be a price on

carbon, I'm a change is important. That does not square with their

business plans for the future, a rise in demand for fossil fuels.

That could be a significant cut in emissions, maybe 30%, but there is a

disconnect here. You are not too worried that the end of this, there

is not a binding agreement. Why not? I am a lawyer, so you think it

would be important, but I think it is important we get a clear and very

strong political agreement. It is politically impossible to have

illegally but binding agreement because it would not pass the US

Congress. What is important is that Paris is seen as a success and it

sends a clear policy signal, which will translate to clear financial

signals that will drive investment. The key difference between night and

six years ago is the clean technology has moved on

considerably, it has matured and it is cheaper. I hate to disagree with

Bill Gates on live television, but what are financial analysis tells us

is that in most of the countries clean energy is a cheaper option

than coal-fired electricity. Here in the UK, the Labour leader,

Jeremy Corbyn, says he'll allow his MPs a free vote in parliament on

the question of air strikes against The Prime Minister, David Cameron,

has said he'll ask for a vote when he's sure the measure has

enough support to pass. The BBC understands that

a debate will be held Have you changed your position

on air strikes? Maybe it was never going to be

a good day. Mr Corbyn,

will you allow a free vote? He started

the morning trying to persuade his top team that Labour should

argue against air strikes in Syria. Jeremy Corbyn was chosen

overwhelmingly by the parties members, in part because he has

opposed military action over the Corbyn's hope of compromise was to

let his MPs and shadow cabinet vote for air strikes if they wanted to,

but at the same time convince them that Labour as a party should

formally oppose the war. I'm a little confused, which I am

afraid to say is not a new thing Meanwhile, the government was

continuing with its efforts to We went to see the Secretary

of State for Defence, just for a private briefing,

to hear about some of I think it was important

and I would encourage all members of Parliament to do that

if they have the opportunity. This was always going to be hard

for the Labour Party. Its leader, Jeremy Corbyn,

and many members are fundamentally against the idea

of any air strikes in Syria. But a significant chunk of the

party's MPs think it is a good idea. For nearly two hours, the party's

senior team have been meeting, The only thing that is clear,

suggests whispers from inside the room, is how confused

the party's position really is. After two hours of wrangling,

it was decided Labour will not officially oppose RAF jets bombing

Syria as well as Iraq. Jeremy Corbyn backed down

and his party will be allowed to I actually have more

in common with the Tory chair of the defence select committee

today than I may do with some of my Labour colleagues, but I do think

these things cross party boundaries Dozens of Labour MPs are now likely

to back the government in its bid to expand the fight

against so-called Islamic State. Like in Glasgow tonight,

opposition in Westminster is deeply The carbon containing the Russian

pilot shot down over Turkey last week has arrived at. The Turkish

prime minister says that he will not apologise for the shooting down of

the jet, saying his military was doing its job of defending its

airspace. A BBC investigation has uncovered

evidence of corruption and bribery Panorama found

British American Tobacco paid bribes to politicians and civil servants

in countries across East Africa. The illegal payments even

undermined a UN initiative The company could face prosecution

around the world BAT says it does not

tolerate corruption. Thousands of farmers work these

hills, but there is another way We're on our way to meet

a very important man. This is a guy who helps to decide

who gets to buy and sell tobacco. And what we know

about the man we are We have seen documents that show he

was paid $20,000 by BAT to charge He doesn't know,

I know he is corrupt. If a sitting MP took a bribe,

how would you feel about that? The evidence suggests he is,

and we know because of this man. Paul Hopkins was in the Irish

Special Forces before he joined BAT. He says he was told that bribery was

the cost of doing business My job was to ensure that

the competition never got So BAT, they knew what they

wanted you to do and they BAT sold 667 billion cigarettes last

year, and made ?4.5 billion profit. But the documents Paul has supplied

shows employees paid bribes to change anti-tobacco legislation,

damage rivals, even undermine a UN effort to save

lives. Bribes were paid to three officials

connected to a World Health Organisation supported

campaign which aimed to reduce I showed our evidence to

the woman who runs the campaign. That is BAT paying

a representative $3000. It is a company which is

irresponsible, to say the least. It is using bribery to profit

at the cost of people's lives. BAT failed to answer any

of our questions directly. So I caught up with chief executive

Nicandro Durante as he arrived Why did you not respond to

our e-mails about bribery? Is that the nature of BAT, sir,

that you put up with bribery? and will not tolerate corruption,

no matter where it takes place. Our accusers in this programme left

us in acrimonious circumstances The whistle-blower is due to meet

investigators from the UK's Serious Fraud Office this week,

to discuss the bribery secrets of A court has found two Israelis

guilty of the murder The killing was part of a spiral

of violence that helped trigger Kevin Connolly reports

from Jerusalem. Grainy pictures

from a security camera capture the moment when Mohammed Abu Khdeir

was abducted in the summer He had been beaten and burned

while he was still alive. A few hours earlier,

Israel had buried three Jewish teenagers who had been murdered

by Palestinian extremists The killing of Mohammed Abu Khdeir

was widely seen as a reprisal. His funeral was an outpouring

of anger, as well as grief. of the kidnapping and murder

of the Palestinian teenager. They can't be identified

because they are too young. A third key figure

in the trial was this older man, Yosef Haim Ben David, portrayed

in some accounts as the ringleader. The judges agreed he had taken part

in the crimes, but are now considering a

last-minute psychological assessment from his lawyers, arguing he was

not responsible for his actions. The family of Mohammed Abu Khdeir

have condemned the Israeli We don't trust

the Israeli court system. They judge the Palestinians

differently from the Israelis. The court's verdict on his mental

state is expected next month. The outcome of those deliberations

and the sentencing which follows Palestinians harbour deep suspicions

that Israelis are less likely to be prosecuted for hate crimes like this

and more likely to be leniently Pope Francis has ended the first

trip by a Pontiff to an active war zone by condemning violence

carried out in the name of God. He was in the

Central African Republic, where he visited a mosque in Bangui,

a building used by Muslims seeking In recent years, the long-lasting

fighting in the country has taken on Thousands of people also turned out

to celebrate Mass with the Pope Our Religious Affairs Correspondent

Caroline Wyatt was there. It has been a remarkable day for

Pope Francis and the people of Bangui who have flocked to see him.

The day began at a mosque in an area of the city that has become a symbol

of the fault line between Christians and Muslims. It is an area were

15,000 Muslims have sought shelter around the mosque because of years

of Christian militia that would attack them if they left. Pope

Francis was determined to go to the Moscow send this of solidarity. He

spoke to the Imam and they showed solidarity, showing the Christians

and Muslims can stand side by side. We all want peace here. The Pope

made clear that he believed that no one with real religious motives

would commit the violence that has been seen here. We said that God is

peace. There is an incredible atmosphere here at the stadium were

the Pope is saying Mass. It has been a remarkable day

for Pope Francis and the people of a lot to those who have come out -

whether in the displaced people's camps, or elsewhere,

because it is seen as a sign that The Pope has expressed his hopes for

the referendum that should take place this December. He says he

hopes that Bangui's leaders would prove up to the task of trying to

bring peace to this country. His visit has been a symbol for many, it

may not bring peace in Major league, but he has sent a strong symbol, a

message about Christians and Muslims can and should live in peace after

so much despair and suffering here. Wales is about to become

the first UK nation to make every The system, known as presumed

consent, will mean that people who don't want to donate their organs

will have to formally opt out. It comes into force tomorrow

and supporters say it will save lives with organs available to

patients across the UK. Our Wales correspondent

Hywel Griffith has more details. Early in the morning, three times a

week this is Sam's routine. Being hooked up to a machine that does the

work his kidneys cannot. Two macro heart attacks, 16 seizures and four

in just cool mouse, organ failure has taken its toll. He is about to

go back on the waiting list for a transplant in the hope that a new

kidney will come. It would make a huge difference because the tool

that it's in your body with drainage and everything like that, I can

finally work, get a proper job and live my life like a normal

21-year-old. Until now the number of organs available has depended on

people signing up to donate. Gemma Bennett's job is to have the

impossible conversations with families about to lose their loved

ones and ask about donation. We are going in to speak to these families

on the work -- on the worst days of their lives. More families are

likely to say yes because it is a positive thing that they have chosen

not to on -- not to opt out. It is thought the new system will bring

just 15 extra donations a year, or around 50 organs. They won't all

stay in Wales. Wheels will still be part of a UK wide transplant network

so organs will still carry on the move across borders to whatever page

needs it the most. The same law was introduced in Belgium back in 1986

with little controversy. It was followed by an increase in

transplants but the organ donation rate here has varied. In 2010 it was

lower than in Wales. One of the leading doctors in Belgium says that

changing the law does not guarantee results. You have to work on it

every day. The organ donation law is only one part of the puzzle of many

things that have to come together in order to be successful. Sam's hopes

of getting a new organ depends on donations across the UK. Scotland

and Northern Ireland are considering following wheels, but then neither

is going alone in his days of dialysis are unlikely to end soon.

Before we go, there's just time to show you this -

Canadian brothers Michael and Neil Fletcher managed to snap this

selfie with a bald eagle they rescued from a trap.

The pair were hunting for grouse nearby in Ontario when

they spotted the struggling bird and worked painstakingly to free it.

Before leaving the eagle to fly away, the Fletchers decided to take

Neil Fletcher has been telling us the story of this unique rescue.

I would not say we panic. We were a little bit nervous at the very

beginning. Once the Eagle calmed down, so did we. We proceeded to

free the trapped from his leg and tried to get him to let go of that

as well. The way it works is at this kind of a clamp mechanism --

mechanism. It clamps onto his leg so if you release the two macro

springs, if you release them the trap opens. The hardest thing is to

get the Eagle to release, the open its talons and actually let go of

the trap. You would not let go of it -- he would not let go of it, so

that was the hardest part of it. You can get in touch with me

and some of the team via Twitter -