19/06/2017 The One Show

Hello, and welcome to a new week on The One Show, with Alex Jones.

We hope you had a fantastic weekend in the sun,

and long may it continue, as the country keeps its chin

up in the face of news which is testing us all.

Later, our friend Steve Backshall will be here with news

But first, we're joined by Panorama reporter Richard Bilton,

whose investigation into the Grenfell Tower fire goes

Welcome, Richard, thanks for calling in.

Richard, so many questions have been thrown up by this terrible fire.

What is Panorama going to tell us tonight?

Well, I mean, the programme is what you would expect from Panorama. On

one level we've tried to be among the community as they have dealt

with this horror. I've been on the street as I've seen people

spontaneously come out and effectively fend for themselves as

they weren't given much support, from where I was standing, anyway.

That was very emotional to watch. Also with Panorama, you expect us to

do some digging to try and find out some facts, some investigation.

There is plenty of that in there. One thing we have found out from a

series of sources, both in the Fire Service and residents, is that fire

was put out on the night. The first buyer that the Fire Service were

called to in a flat at 1am, fridge fire, inside but flat the

firefighters did their job and put that fire out completely. They told

the residents they had put that fire out inside the flat, which is the

way it is opposed to work in a tower block, you are supposed to contain

it within flats. They did their job. I'm told that that crew were leaving

the building, having presumably thought they would and their job,

when crews outside of the building said, look, there's fire outside and

by now it is breading upwards and across the building. But initially

the fire that was reported in a kitchen on the fourth floor was put

out. Which obviously leads to the investigation about the cladding.

And what was going on on the outside of the building. What can you tell

us about that, Richard, what have you been discovering? Those images

are horrendous. We have lived with them for nearly a week. The cladding

seems to be everything, you know. The way a tower block is designed to

work is it is cellular. There is a fire in a flat, it stays there, it

is protected, the fire teams arrive, people are coming out, they do their

job. It might get to the next flat but it doesn't get to the 12 or 14

floor, which is why they say, stay in your flat, because coming out

would create a stampede, why there is not a central alarm. That is how

it is supposed to work, that is the model. The model goes out of the

window when you have got cladding on the outside, it might not be the

cladding, it might be the way it is applied. That is for the

investigation. If it is applied with a gap, that is like a flu in a

chimney, designed to spread heat. That model goes out the window. I'm

told the firefighters that night faced things they had never seen

before. They broke their own safety protocols to save lives. On that

note, new features and letters in the programme and a very strong

warning. Yes, we have got letters from the parliamentary fire safety

committee. These letters were written over a period of time. What

they demonstrate quite clearly is the Government was given plenty of

warnings that fire safety in tower blocks was not good enough, that

people were vulnerable. Within that, experts are warning that there is a

chance of a disaster. So they are told, you know, these are a dozen

letters. So they knew? Yes, these are quite clear. In 2014, the

Government was warned they could not call so afford to wait for another

tragedy. Just two months ago, the Government received a letter and

said, it is now time to listen. Over this period, four said that

ministers received these letters and the regulations were not tightened.

As far as we know from the Government today, there is still no

schedule for the tightening. By experts in this field who we have

spoken to say this was entirely predictable -- fire safety experts.

I would say it is wicked that these people have lost their lives.

Totally and utterly unnecessarily. I will admit, I broke down and cried.

I knew that there would be a huge number of fatalities. What I also

knew is that I had warned about this. It was foreseeable. And these

deaths are totally and utterly unnecessary. It sends shivers right

through you just hearing that. Stay with us, Richard, we are going to

play another film. Large numbers of people

are still gathering at the scene to express their sympathy and anger

at what happened. Over the weekend, Kevin met two

of them who seemed to sum In the shadow of the tower, the wall

where hundreds of people have been drawn, not just from the local

community, but from every part of the country. To see the photos of

those who are missing, and share their feelings in writing. Carol and

her daughter Rachel haven't travelled as far as some. They've

come from Battersea, a few miles away, to add their own message. What

compelled you to come today? Obviously the tone of events. It's

had an impact on me for several days. I just needed to just come and

be here and stand with the people, I didn't know anyone from the tower,

but the point is that Grenfell Tower could have been somewhere where I'm

from, and I'm coming from a multicultural community. Do you

think that's why so many people are coming, because they are putting

themselves in their shoes? Well, you can identify with it. What has

happened has happened toward Mary people, but it shouldn't have

happened to them. -- has happened to ordinary people. Rachel, you hear

for your mum? I would have come without my mum, for my own reasons.

Yes, my heart broke when I watched it. When I was watching the news in

the week, I remember just looking at it and the tears, I just couldn't

stop crying. And it still is that thing, being here helps me to come

to terms with what I've witnessed. And I wasn't even physically here

when it happened, but I feel that being here as just a human being,

I'm standing and identify with these people. I know, I know. And you know

what's really important byes might have any times you see the pictures

in the TV and in the paper, it doesn't prepare you for standing in

front of the building. No, that's right. The atmosphere here is very,,

despite when you look at the building. I feel like we are looking

at open waves. -- open graves. I'm a mum, I'm a grandmother. So

every person here, there's probably somebody's aren't, sister, brother,

grandfather, grandmother, mother, father... We can all relate. We can

relate to it, that's what draws you. This is a human tragedy, it's not

about colour, race, or any of those things. You identify with them.

Whether they spoke English or not is neither here nor there. It is from

one human being to another human being, if you've got compassion in

the heart, how can you not be touched by this? Thoughts on salt --

thought I'm sure we all echo. Richard, as well as investigating

the cause, you must have witnesses some moving examples of people

supporting each other. Luka is one of those people in

Richard's programme. Luka, you lived in the tower. Were you asleep when

the fire started? I was asleep, yes. It was around 1am. When the small

kitchen alarm went off. Luckily, a friend of mine who was with me at

the time, he was awake. He got in a bit of a panic and he ran into my

room. Obviously I was just about awake from the alarm, but also from

his as well, he is also a big thing in my life from now on. And what

happened, we ran out to find out what's going on, what's the problem.

What floor where you want Brazil on the 11th floor. And the first ten

minutes -- what floor where you want? I was on the 11th floor. The

first ten minutes we can find out where the smoke was coming from. We

checked the kitchen appliances. It was like, you know, electric burning

in the apartment. A friend of mine went to the front door of the

apartment. At the time, we already opened the window, just to get some

fresh air. And when he opened the front door of the apartment, a huge

amount of the black smoke got into the apartment. Somehow I managed to

put some wet towels to try and stop that smoke from getting inside the

apartment. We opened the windows as much as we could, even a little bit,

because they are very limited to be opened. So I had to break up the

small metal pieces. And it was a shock. I mean, like, it was really,

really something you don't expect in the middle of the night. I was

asleep. And then I realised something's wrong. When I saw the

people from my window down on the ground, they'd been trying to give

us some signals to get out. They'd been telling us, the building is on

fire. You have to get out, try, try to get out. It was a lot of smoke,

you know. Already we'd been in shock. So frightened. And we didn't

know what to do, really, to wait by the window to be rescued or not? You

got out, and in due, Luka? We tried to get out. OK, let's try to get

out. We knew that there is a toxic black smoke, pitch black in the

hallway. We tried to get, to run out to that hallway and fight the fire

escape. We decided to do it -- find the fire is good. We put some wet

towels on our mouth and tried to escape from the building -- find the

fire escape. We managed to get down to the middle of the hallway, which

is not big, but it was pitch black. So much smoke that you couldn't

breathe properly. We got there, disorientated, completely. The

friend of mine got in a panic and said, we're not going to make it,

and he ran back to the apartment. When I realised that I don't know

where I am, and the only way to find the fire escape was from touching

the wall, trying to find the door. I managed to find some door, but I try

to open. It was kind of... It was a rubbish chute, wasn't it? No, the

first time I try to open the door it was a cupboard where we had the

heating, the heating metres and that kind of stuff. Anyway, I managed to

try and find a way to get out. Then I opened the door. But instead of

the fire stairs I ended up in the rubbish compartment. At least I

realised where I am, because they are proper fire doors. And I could

see a little bit where I am. The smoke wasn't so bad. You saved

somebody's life, how did that happen? When I realised the friend

of mine got back, I couldn't leave him in the apartment. I ran back to

the apartment to try and convince him to try one more time. It wasn't

easy, because he was really in shock, in panic, myself too. And

then I said, listen, we have to try a second time. And he said, like,

but I don't even know where is the stairway. He is a new guide, you

know, he's not very familiar. Anyway, I grabbed his hand -- he is

a new guy. I managed to find the second time, luckily, thank God, I

managed to find the fire escape. I don't know, at that time, now I know

it was the floor below my one. At that time I thought it was two

floors. On the way back, Sunday was banging on the door. We opened the

door, it was a lady, and Asian lady. I know her because we are all

neighbours, we know each other. She was in shock, she couldn't even

talk. I put her on my shoulder and I carried her down to the fire escape,

down to the exit. And Richard, you have brought the moment a long way

you are reunited in a very safe place. Here we go. Hello! How are

you? Are you the one? Yes, I am. Old, my God. I just remember a big

man lifted me up. I just opened the door and he nicked me up, oh, my

God! -- he lifted me up. 2017 marks the centenary of the most

excellent order of the British Empire. 100 years ago, few people

were eligible for honours. In June 1917, King George V, the Queen's

Club father established the order of the British Empire. There were to be

six grades of the order, night and Dame of the grand Cross, night and

Dame, officer, and member. The final grade, the British Empire medal. The

aim was to recognise and reward ordinary people who did

extraordinary things. What better way to celebrate the centenary of

the order than to meet some of the remarkable recipients who are

celebrating centenary is a variant. Starting with Major Jeff Bird who

turned 100 this March. Hello, come in, come in! In 1999 he was honoured

for his incredible fundraising work and became a member of this order or

OBE. What did you get your OBE for? Work for the mentally handicapped.

I've got this mentally handicapped grandson, Christopher. They raised

money for a Hydra report and a daycare centre and overnight

facilities. Had your family react? A letter came and said this is

confidential. I won't tell my daughter because she said dad can't

keep a secret. When the papers come out on New Year's Day I said, what

do you think of this? She leapt out of bed, I must get an outfit! She

bought a big hat. From now on, dad can keep a secret, don't forget it!

Between 1917 in 1919, King George awarded 15,000 of the newly minted

medals to men and women mainly for services during the war. I've come

to the National archives to meet William Spencer, an expert on this

system. What have we got here then? It is the London Gazette in 1970

announcing the creation of the OBE. Then we have names of individuals

and what their role was. We get a young lady called Ella Trout who saw

her steamer had been torpedoed and she rescued a drowning sailor.

Doctor Bill Frankland is 105 and is probably the oldest man in the UK to

have received an MBE aged 103. He was awarded the honour for services

to allergy research, including starting the pollen count after an

encounter with a lady who had severe asthma only in the summertime. And

she said I know it is due to my roses. I said, Madam, roses don't

put pollen in the air at all. In future, you will learn what is in

the air because I'm going to measure it, it is going to be measured 24

hours a day. And we will try to get it to the public and that is how the

pollen count came out. He even endangered his own life in the name

of research after experimenting with an insect from South America and

encouraging it to bite him. He reacted so badly his face swelled up

and he became no pulse. I became... It was impending doom. You thought

you were going to die. A sister gave me a adrenaline very quickly and

within 90 seconds I decided I was going to live. I used to working? If

I didn't work, what would I do? What a gentleman! Are you joking?

105? Speaking to about someone with a lot of energy, Steve Backshall. I

was surprised this afternoon because they tell me that you've gone from

being in a cage with sharks to hedgehogs. What's wrong with that?

Your this action man, chasing dangerous animals and you're saying,

you know what, I'm going to do some hedgehogs. There are a full on

prickly predator, munching caterpillars and things like that.

And they are endangered, which is the focus of the programmes. They

used to be a common sight in our gardens and I'm sure people my sort

of age will remember going out and seeing them in the hedgerows but

they've decreased phenomenally over the last 30 years mostly due to the

way we keep our gardens and there are things we can do to them back.

And they are a charismatic and enigmatic little mammal that

everyone loves for good reason because they are nature's gardeners,

they eat the things gardeners don't want in their gardens. What can we

do? What can we do to help the hedgehogs? The number one thing is

essentially a wildlife friendly garden is going to work for

hedgehogs but the number one thing you can do is not to use slug

pellets because there is a cumin late in the slugs and snails and the

hedgehogs eat them and get poisoned. If you leave some areas of your

garden not to clean and tended, it is a perfect opportunity for

hedgehogs to make a nest, and hibernate in the autumn and winter.

Free passage between your gardens, if you have a hedge or fence with a

little gap that hedgehogs can get through, that is really useful. And

making sure if you have a bonfire in the autumn, don't write it

straightaway, go through it, make sure there isn't a hedgehog inside.

You need lots of people and people go to extreme lengths. You also meet

Derek. A special little hog. What happened was he was attacked by

crows. And the stress caused all of his spiikes to fall out. It is this

reaction. They will probably never grow back. He is adorable, this

velvety smooth hedgehog. And totally spineless. What did you find out

about hedgehogs you didn't know before? I imagine you are pretty

clued up on that before you made this programme. They are an animal

I've been working with Furlong time and in association with various

wildlife groups that rescue hedgehogs and returned them to the

wild in vast numbers. I didn't recognise the extent of the problem

and how the numbers have diminished. I live in the countryside so I still

see them every now and again. We went looking for them in Regents

Park and we found two and found out they are the only breeding

population in Greater London. That is really sad. Thank you, Steve, we

look forward to it. With the GCSE and A-level

examinations in full swing, many students will be

feeling the pressure. Trish is in Manchester to find out

how students can manage the load. It's that time of year again when

exams are up on us and for many teenagers and their families that

means stress. Sometimes it can be very stressful because you have

pressure off your school and parents. I don't really know how to

cope with it properly. If I forgot the test, I'd be very worried what

college I'd go to. I'm here in Manchester to meet some you tend to

have been busy with their GCSEs. They've agreed to test out through

alternative methods of reducing exam stress. One group is trying out

mindfulness. Focus on your thumbs. Another, pet therapy. And the third

group will practice yoga. Open your hips out to the side. All these

methods are being currently used by other schools across the UK. What

impact would have on pupils to help us find out, a psychologist is

observing from the sidelines. He has asked the pupils to fill out a

stress level questionnaire which they will then repeat later. Whether

these techniques are successful or not depends on whether or not they

can help students build a sense of control and secondly whether they

help students build a sense of confidence. If they can to those two

things, my hunch is they will work. While the sessions get under way, I

catch up with the assistant head teacher. Sue, the children are

telling us they are more stressed. Why is that? The current year

temporary party FirstGroup to have the new specifications, a big

decrease in coursework which means the exam at the final end of the

course is worth more than it has done in previous years. Childline

reported the number of children calling its counselling service

about exam stress has risen by 11% in the last two years, with many

saying they struggle with excessive workloads and feeling unprepared.

Close your eyes and follow the sight of my voice. How are the pupils

getting on? And McBride is leading the mindfulness session. We spend so

much time stuck in the past or worrying about what is going to

happen but actually one of the main features of my course is to stay

present. And to do just that she has asked them to focus on slowly eating

a chocolate. And really noticed the smell. When you slow it down it

becomes a different experience altogether. It taught me how I can

stop me being in my head. It helped me focus on my body. The pet therapy

session is being run by M Allen Taylor. Just seeing the dog,

stroking the door, speaking to the handlers, it makes you feel better.

The dogs are lovely and nice and they love being petted. Is this

helping your exam stress? Yeah. You completely forget about it. It is

the love and affection you get it is nice. If you stick a pet lover in

front of a dog, they feel great. Temporarily, though. Is it going to

help pupils in an exam? Maybe not. Former psychology teacher is running

the yoga class specifically for teenagers. Stretch from your

fingertips to your toes. It can help relieve tension from the muscles by

stretching and relaxing your muscles. And also if you're

balancing on one leg and keeping control, it can help you to have

that balance and control feeling in your life and also help you

concentrate more as well. It is nice to be in your own head and not have

anyone speak to you and let your thoughts leave and be with yourself.

I didn't think I'd stood before but it helped and I was relaxed after.

With the final question is complete, which technique had the most calming

effect on the pupils who today? All three techniques led to people

reporting people feeling happier and more confident about your GCSEs so

that is a good thing. Yoga and pet therapy came out neck and neck. Top.

Does David think these therapies could reduce exam stress long-term?

What we need to make sure is that they are tackling the reasons or

causes of why people feel stressed in the first place so they're not

just giving people a temporary break but they also continue to help

people benefit in the future. Are the pupils going to continue doing

pet therapy or yoga? Yoga is the most easy to introduce as the daily

routine. As far as a school dog, I'll leave that to Pauline and the

student council to negotiate with the head teacher.

Our heart goes out to you, if you're in the middle of GCSEs. Steve, as

far as stress relief from work or exams, petting and animal, and you

are a black belt in martial arts, what would you go for? Laying into a

punch bag, there's nothing better than going absolutely crazy for ten

minutes and then just lying on the ground and panting. Well, you two

won't need any relaxation techniques because you are off on a little

holiday, the pair of you together. You are going to Alaska! For all of

those that remember Big Blue Live. For me, it is about bears initially

because I'm going to this place called Kodiak, an island off Alaska

and hopefully I'm going to have an encounter with the largest land

predator on Earth, the Kodiak bear. They are about nine feet tall. They

can get bigger than that. So, they are very big and used to be

considered a subspecies of the brown bear but it is the largest of the

brown bears and they are huge! Really, this is all about the

salmon, Steve. Everything is driven by the salmon 's most of the animals

I will be filming are predating on the salmon. But others are therefore

the same reason. There are five different species of salmon heading

up the rivers in extraordinary numbers and that amount of protein

brings in predators. And the trees are thick with Eagles, the Riverside

is with black bears and brown bears feeding on salmon, wolves coming

down to the waterside. It is an absolute spectacle and hopefully

Wales will be back. Probably the greatest wildlife account I've ever

had, these are the photos... That is your trip! I got back last week from

Alaska and the Wales are there in large numbers. Thanks for bringing

in that picture, Steve Backshall. Meet The Hedgehogs is on Channel

five tomorrow. And tomorrow we will be joined by Kevin Spacey. Good

night. some of his finest

and funniest moments.