25/02/2016 The One Show

Wow! Hello and welcome to a red hot one show. With Matt Baker. And Alex

Jones. Listen, Tim is here because we will explore science of fire

breathing later on. First, let's meet tonight's guest, who is more

used to burning up the race track and setting fire to world records.

Here comes Chris Hoy. On the outside. Who will get it? I think

Hoy got it. Will he get it? The answer is, yes - Chris Hoy is the

world champion. Hoy takes it. Chris Hoy is the world

champion! It is Sir Chris Hoy. Of course it

is! How are you? Very well. How are you? Very good. I suppose you have

put your bike in the shed, so to speak in professional terms. You

have turned to being a children's author. We will hear later. You have

signed a lot of books. We wonder if your arms are thicker than your

thighs? Not far off it. I have signed 500 books in under 55 minutes

it was. Not that I am a competitive person that I will time it or

anything! You are not competitive at all, you sports people! The books

feature a young boy and his granddad who build a bike together. Tonight,

we would like to see something you have worked on with your grandparent

on. So, whatever you have worked on, send us a picture with your project

and we will show some later on. We are familiar with blood and/or began

donations. Stem cell donations have made headlines recently thanks to

campaigns. Lucy Siegle has met people whose mixed heritage has

faced unique challenges in their fight against cancer. Today I am

meeting Lois, his 13-year-old's daughter, Zara is being treated here

for cancer. She is in desperate need of a transplant which will help to

save her life. Tell me how Zara is doing? She amazes us for a 13 year

old. The first time that she was told that she had cancer, she asked,

does that mean I am going to die? It is like somebody has taken a bat to

your face. What do you say? What did you say? Immediately, my answer was,

"No." What is happening with the search at the moment? So, Zara has

been referred to London transplant centre and they search all the

registries that exist around the world. I am of Arab decent and

Karensa my wife is British. Having that mixed heritage causes some

difficulty in finding a match. There are eight billion people around the

world and there is a tiny amount of them on these registries.

Unfortunately, although I would love to meet Zara I cannot because she's

in an isolation ward, having gone through another bout of chemo

therapy. It is too risky for anyone else to meet her. Joe from Delete

Blood Cancer UK has been working closely with Zara and her family to

find a match. This is a really, really serious situation. There's no

point in sugar-coating this, is there? She needs a donor to survive.

We appeal to come forward. You could become Zara's life saver. Why don't

more of us become donors? Well the issue seems to be when it comes to

stem cell donation we find it a bit scary and invyive. The charity

Anthony Nolan has made busting these types of myths a top priority. We

have had to dispel the myths so people understand it is a simple

process. It is like donating blood. Tell me about a recent success you

had. In January we had a young 24 year, Lara, who needed a transplant

and her family and friends launched this most inspirational campaign. We

have searched globally to find a match.

Who did you hear from and where were they? A lot of people in Italy had

heard about it and Italy. -- Thailand and to Australia. One story

in Thailand who took an eight-hour bus to Bangkok because he heard

about the campaign and went to donate. What was it like when you

heard that a match had been found? It is hard to put it into words like

how grateful I am. And to think that my donor was one in 26 million on

the registry just shows that the need of more people to sign up, so

that everyone can find that match of theirs.

Lara has been given a life-line. For Zara, the wait goes on.

How many times a day do you think about a possible donor? Every

moment. Every waking moment. Please, please come forward. And the

more people we can have on these bone marrow registries, the better.

There are people waiting for that gift of life.

Good luck to both girls. We wish you all the best. Having watched that I

am sure there'll be hundreds out there wanting to help Zara and

wanting to know whether they are a match. How do we find out? Is the

test pretty straightforward by now? The test is really straightforward.

There are three main bodies that will allow you to come forward for

stem cell donation. The first is British bone mar row registry, if

you live in the UK except for Wales, where it is the Wales bone marrow

registry. Then we heard from Delete Blood Cancer and you have to weigh

over 55kgs and be healthy. The age varies between the different bodies

but because 16-65 you might be considered by one of those. It is

easy to do the test. You can register online or register when you

go in. You can do a test inside your mouth. Send it off. You will be

added to a national registry and they all pool their resources.

What's more, they pool them internationally, so you could help

somebody from another country or if you ever needed it yourself, they

could help you. What is the process then of donating? Is it painful? It

used to be considered to be a really big procedure because a bone marrow

transplant you would have a general and they would need to take samples

from your bone marrow, usually inside your hip. These days 90% of

them are done by peripheral stem cell transplant. That does not

involve an thetic. You have one needle taking the cells out. They

pop them out and pop them back in again. It takes four to five hours.

Usually in London and you have four days of hormone beforehand to

increase your level of stem cells to make it that bit better. Are there

any side effects or risks? Any procedure has risks, but overall

this is a safe procedure. You might find you are achy, a little bit of

flu-like symptoms, back pine afterwards. Affect you would be

fully briefed before you had it. With blood groups so many can help

each other - how does it compare to mixed heritage stem cells? You need

to match the tissue type and most of the genes. They come from your

parents. Your genes are more likely to be very varied. People with

different ethnic backgrounds will have different genes. That is why

they try to find a family match. About 30% of people get a family

match. The rest have to come from those wonderful generous people out

there, who put themselves pore r forward address donors. --

themselves forward as donors. We should all help each other. If you

want more information head to our website. It is all there for you.

Two years ago the Government gave extra funding to help rogue websites

shut down companies which charge people for services which should be

for free. For two-and-a-half million disabled drivers in the UK a blue

badge in the windscreen is their ticket to independence, allowing

them to park closer to their destination, including on yellow

lines. But now those motorists who apply for their blue badge online

are being targeted by a scam. Motorists like 73-year-old bren da

Coles from Rochdale. She has a debilitating lung condition, coupled

with severe arthritis in both knees. How important is the blue badge to

you? It is extremely important. I could not get around without it.

It is essential to my day-to-day running. Every three years Brenda

has to renew her blue badge. In January she went to this website,

she thought it was the official Government site. This looks like the

official website. They have got the blue badge symbol on the website. It

looks so genuine. I didn't think twice when I did it. I just wanted

to get my blue badge. The website is unofficial, yet it

pops up at the top of google charges and charges ?49 for what it calls an

assistance service. What did Brenda get for her ?49 assistance fee? She

got one of these - an application form, something which is completely

free on the official Government website. And the official fee for a

blue badge, well ?2 in Northern Ireland. ?10 in England. ?20 in

Scotland and free in Wales. North gate public services run the

scheme on behalf of the Government in England, Wales and Scotland.

Services director says bren da is far from alone. We have loads of

complaints from people who feel they have been taken in. They paid money

in good faith and received nothing. Some live close to the breadline.

What can you to clamp down on this? They hide behind sites and it is

hard to find out who is behind the schemes. Time to get digging.

It turns out, despite being a service for British people, blue

badge on line dot organise is registered all the way over here -

in Panama. It is a tactic often used by sites

to disguise the firm's real base. We discovered this website is also very

similar to an old one - parking permit UK.com. That offered help

with blue badge applications and all for the bargain price... Of you

guessed it... ?49. The website disappeared last year, after

complaints from disabled motorists and a public warn from a disability

charity. A bit more digging revealed both parking permit and blue badge

online sites are linked to one person. They are registered to a man

called Ramario Depass - time to hit the road!

We contacted him, so far he's not responded. We have tracked him down

to addresses in Essex. First up, his home address. He's not

in. Does Ramario Depass live here? He's my son. Do you know where he

is? I don't know where he is. A lot of people have complained he's

ripped off disabled people - providing nothing for ?50 fees for a

service that disabled people can get for free. I don't know what you are

talking about. No joy there. I do have a mobile number for him. I am

sorry, but the person you have called is not available. I cannot

say I am surprised. For a man who supposedly helps disabled people,

he's not keen talking about it. We have one last port of call. An

office in Brentwood, where he has his post delivered. Seeing how he

likes his blue badges so much, we have made him one of his own. Unlike

his service, have made him one of his own. Unlike

it? Do you want me to put have made him one of his own. Unlike

from? He'll know who we are. Brenda was left ?49 worse off for the

copycat site, still had to pay ?10 to get her blue badge. He's a low

life, conning people out of money. He should be closed down.

Thank you, Dan. The good news is that since we alerted them to of

these activities Google have taken down his site and we have passed on

our findings to the investigators in the Trading Standards E crime unit.

It should be the end. If you are watching get in contact and let us

know you got that post. Anyway, Chris you have turned attentions to

writing. Where did all this come from? Has it been a passion for a

while? Well, I never thought I would get the chance to do it. Since I

have retired from cycling I have tried to encourage kids to take up

cycling through different ways, with my bike brand I have supported a Go

Ride, to get two million kids the opportunity to ride bikes between

now and 2020. This was an idea we came up with and hopefully to

inspire them to read and cycle their bikes. You enjoyed the process, you

said the great thing is there's no rules to it. How much input did you

have to the plot? The whole thing really. I sat down with Joanna

Nadin, a successful children's author. We hit it off and we

brain-stormed about the different ideas we could have. We talked about

my childhood, my inspirations when I was a kid, my cycling career, the

things I saw and did. It was a long process, basically of coming one

different points and ideas. There will be five books in

The first one, the best birthday bike, is about Fergus receiving this

bike for his birthday. He is hoping for a Sullivan Swift, which is

all singing, all dancing, expensive all singing, all dancing, expensive

new bike, and he is a bit disappointed to get his dad's

second-hand disappointed to get his dad's

it ready for you. And this is about him discovering something special

when he rides it. That mirrors your story, because the first time you

came on the One Show, you showed us this picture of a bike you got from

a car-boot sale. It was a jumble sale. My parents bought it for ?5.

That was where the inspiration came from. I loved it, it was fantastic.

At that age, your first bike is amazing. And have you drawn on

people you know as inspiration for the other characters? That is the

beauty of it, you can pick and choose. I feel bad, because I have

named names. I will say one of the characters - Bradley Wiggins

inspired me. But it is not the whole character, it is his riding style.

When I first saw Bradley Wiggins when he was a teenager, gangly, with

long limbs, and no sideburns at that point. He looks like he might have

been born with them. He was a classic teenager, a bit awkward at

that stage. And then he got on a bike and it was like poetry in

motion. He had this fluid pedalling style, and you could just tell he

was built to ride a bike. Soy-based one of the characters on that -- so

I based one of the characters on him. And you have dedicated this to

your son, Callum. We have a lovely photo, like father, like son. You

even have the same body position. He is about two now? He is 16 months

now, and he has just started walking. He is so much fun. I look

forward to when he is old enough that I can read the books to him.

You are still looking incredibly fit, Chris. Thank you very much! It

is remarkable. You are still obviously training hard. I ride my

bike every day. I love cycling. There are days when I am travelling,

but I try and do something every day, and you feel better for doing

it. Technically, I am working, but really I am just out riding a bike.

We have to talk about Rio, because it is coming quickly. This will be

the first one where you are not part of Team GB since Sydney in 2000. How

will it be watching the team compete and not being part of the team? It

will be tough. I went to the combo of games in Glasgow and was the

first big championship I went to where I was not part of the

competition -- I went to the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. It is

fun because you get to soak up the atmosphere and enjoy it, whereas

when you are competing, you are focused and single-mindedly thinking

about yourself and your competition. But when the race starts, there will

always be the feeling of wishing I was out there. I don't think I will

go away. When I am in my 70s and 80s, I will remember the experiences

and at times you had when you raced. More than that, I missed the

day-to-day being at the track centre with the team and training on a

daily basis. That is why I keep coming back to the velodrome, seeing

the guys, hanging around. It must be invaluable, with the experience you

have got. I still speak to the team regularly. I suppose I am a bit of a

sounding board for them. I am not a selector or a coach. They can come

to me and say, training is not going well, or it is going well, or

whatever Tom and I can give them advice or say well done, or just

chat about something else. Going back to the books, Flying Fergus is

out today. You know what, I am really cold. Look at the hairs on my

arms. Let's turn the heat up with some flaming good fire breathing.

Here is Marty. Fire performance is thought to date

back to Persia, more than 2000 years ago. Today, we are still fascinated

by fire. But it goes without saying that you shouldn't try this at home.

Fire and eating are impressive skills that take years to master.

But how do these performers do it when they are quite literally

playing with fire? For that, they need to really understand the

science of combustion. Fire is a chemical reaction between oxygen, a

fuel that is usually started with heat energy. And far performers use

their understanding of these three crucial elements to manipulate their

flame. -- fire performers. Dr Tim Cockerill, a fire breathing

scientist, is going to reveal some red-hot tricks of the trade. The

only secret to eating fire is following the rules of physics. So

there is our flame. Other top, it very hot. But down here towards the

bottom, it is a lot cooler colour so we always did our head right back so

that the heat is going away from our face. Never breathed in. If you did,

you would explode your lungs. Air is a poor conductor of heat, said Tim

has a few seconds to hold the base of the flame in his mouth before it

can burn him. He closes his lips around it, starving of vital oxygen

and extinguishing the flame. But I want to know the secrets of the most

impressive and dangerous stunt in the fire breather's repertoire. The

human volcano. The real key to its success is in understanding the

chemistry of your fuel, and disability to mix with the oxygen in

the air. Different fuels have different volatility is, so this

fuel, for example, is not very volatile, so it is not evaporating

much. So there is not much of a per mixing with the oxygen. So if I take

a match and throw it in, it just goes out. It doesn't like the fuel.

Whereas this fuel is a very volatile fuel, so there is a lot of

evaporation and a lot of vapour mixing with oxygen. So if I take a

match and do the same thing... It ignites straightaway. Tim needs to

create a huge fireball that erupts from his mouth. But surprisingly,

it's not a highly volatile fuel that he uses. If you were to use a

volatile fuel like alcohol, there would be a danger that the flame you

produce could jump back to your mouth and set the rest of the fuel

in your mouth on fire, which is a bad idea. So we use a tiny amount, a

teaspoon of low volatile fuel, but we mix it efficiently with the air.

The secret to this is all in the art of spitting. You practise firstly

with water. You split the water into a vapour. It is how all fire

breather is start off. All the fuel has dribbled down your face. You

were also leaning over the flame, so that would have gone straight onto

your moustache and your hair. I had better leave this highly dangerous

stunt to the professional. Tim sprays the fine fuel missed over the

torch. The finer the spray, the greater the surface area of the fuel

droplets that are available for the oxygen to react to it. He stays

below the flame, while also thrusting forward, creating a huge

travelling ball of fire. Having learnt the scientific tricks of the

fire breathing trade, I am, if anything, even more impressed by

their skills and by the flame that they manipulate.

Now, Tim is here from that film, because we are going to do some more

fire experiments. I'm going to gently say, be careful when try this

at home, because you will want to try it. It is unbelievable. We have

all household stuff here, candles and glasses and water. We are going

to show you a few experiments using fire, but on a smaller scale than

fire eating. This one is called the seesaw candle. This might take a

minute to get going. So just a normal candle, two pint glasses and

a nail through the middle. We will come back to that. It will get more

impressive. It looks beautiful for a dinner party as it is. We have to

show you Dave, are very fit far man. If anything happens, you are in safe

hands. -- our fit Fahrmann. Twitter is going to be more light tonight

than it was last night. He has a hen do to go to have to woods.

Congratulations to Dave, new grandchild born today. So, the thing

about fire is that things do not burn when they are solid. Things

have to vaporise or turn into a gas before they burn. So watch this, we

blow out the candle, and the flame jumps from the top right down. We

have a slow-mo of this as well. So you are literally just relighting

the smoke? That's right. In fact, the smoke is vaporised candle wax.

So that stream is vaporised candle wax, so you just bring the flame

close to it. That is a good magic trick. Wow. The seesaw is in full

flow now. This is a property of fire that we use in fire eating. The heat

always goes upwards, so the top of the flame is the Hobbit and

underneath, it is quite cool. So when we liked this, as the candle

tips over, there is lots of the candle above the flame, so that

burns and melts quickly and it all drips off. When that happens, the

other side is heavier, so it tips over and the same thing happens on

the other side. Sometimes it rolls all the way over when it gets going.

And it will keep going until the candle runs out. Now, this last one

shows two properties of fire. This is just a bit of water with a bit of

colouring so that we can see, candle and a glass. The important for a

flame are oxygen and a fuel. That is what fire is, a chemical reaction

with those two combining. So when we put the glass over the top deck

this, there is only a certain amount of oxygen inside and that is getting

used up. So you watch the flames start to die down and then goes out.

So it has used up the oxygen and that has filled with warm air and as

the warm air cools down, it contracts and sucks up the water.

Simple, but effective. That was amazing, thank you so much. I think

Dave should come home with me,, because I want to try all of these.

Just for the fire. Earlier, we asked for stuff you have been making with

your grandparents today or in the past week. We have some lovely

pictures. Robert made this goblin with his granny today. There is

Bradley Wiggins. This is Paul, with grandad Burton, who in 1961 built

this lambert a scooter together. This has come in from Liz, from

Wimbledon. That is a nice picture from 1960. Any time for any more?

This is grandad Ian and Ethan on fixing the light switch in

Ashton-under-Lyne. That is all for this evening. A big thank you to

Chris for your company. All the best with the books. The first two books

in the flying for this series were released today. Tomorrow, we are

joined by Rob Brydon and another sir, Sir Kenneth Branagh. See you

then. And Dermot is here. Bye.