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-"At the turn of the century... | 0:00:09 | 0:00:12 | |
-"..Wales witnessed -its biggest disaster." | 0:00:13 | 0:00:17 | |
-Senghenydd 1913 | 0:00:26 | 0:00:31 | |
-Hello, I'm Hailey. | 0:00:49 | 0:00:51 | |
-I'm Evan. | 0:00:51 | 0:00:52 | |
-I'm Evan. - -I'm Eleni. | 0:00:52 | 0:00:54 | |
-I'm Evan. | 0:00:54 | 0:00:55 | |
-I'm Garin. | 0:00:55 | 0:00:57 | |
-I'm Garin. - -I'm Ellie. | 0:00:57 | 0:00:58 | |
-And I'm Caitlin. | 0:00:58 | 0:00:59 | |
-Senghenydd is down there. | 0:01:00 | 0:01:02 | |
-Senghenydd is a small village -that's famous for its coal. | 0:01:03 | 0:01:07 | |
-It's in a valley above Caerphilly. | 0:01:07 | 0:01:10 | |
-The town famous for its castle... | 0:01:10 | 0:01:12 | |
-The town famous for its castle... - -ALL: ..and cheese! | 0:01:12 | 0:01:14 | |
-You might not have heard -of Senghenydd. | 0:01:14 | 0:01:17 | |
-But 100 years ago, in 1913, -the world knew about this village. | 0:01:18 | 0:01:23 | |
-It was the site of the biggest -explosion in a coal mine. | 0:01:23 | 0:01:28 | |
-What is the story of Senghenydd? | 0:01:34 | 0:01:37 | |
-Why was there a colliery -and what caused the explosion? | 0:01:37 | 0:01:42 | |
-What happened after it? | 0:01:42 | 0:01:44 | |
-ALL: Hmmmm. | 0:01:44 | 0:01:45 | |
-Two hundred years ago, -there was nothing in this valley... | 0:01:46 | 0:01:51 | |
-..apart from farms, green fields -and sheep on the hills. | 0:01:51 | 0:01:55 | |
-SHEEP BLEATS | 0:01:55 | 0:01:56 | |
-One day, -a man who lived in the valley... | 0:01:57 | 0:02:00 | |
-..discovered coal in the area. | 0:02:00 | 0:02:03 | |
-Following this, in 1891... | 0:02:04 | 0:02:07 | |
-..the Universal Colliery -was built in the valley. | 0:02:07 | 0:02:11 | |
-The new colliery brought people... | 0:02:11 | 0:02:14 | |
-..shops, streets -and a train station. | 0:02:15 | 0:02:18 | |
-The village of Senghenydd -practically appeared overnight! | 0:02:18 | 0:02:23 | |
-This is High Street, one of -the first streets in Senghenydd. | 0:02:24 | 0:02:28 | |
-It leads to the centre -of the village. | 0:02:29 | 0:02:32 | |
-It was a busy village... | 0:02:32 | 0:02:34 | |
-..that played an important part -in the Industrial Revolution. | 0:02:35 | 0:02:40 | |
-Our friend at Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhymni -can tell us about it. | 0:02:40 | 0:02:44 | |
-The Industrial Revolution | 0:02:51 | 0:02:54 | |
-Hello, I'm Doctor Industrial and -I'll teach you about the revolution. | 0:02:55 | 0:03:01 | |
-Wow! | 0:03:01 | 0:03:02 | |
-To put it simply, the term, -Industrial Revolution... | 0:03:02 | 0:03:06 | |
-..describes a major event -in a short space of time. | 0:03:07 | 0:03:10 | |
-Many people moved from rural areas -to the industrial sites... | 0:03:11 | 0:03:17 | |
-..to earn more money. | 0:03:17 | 0:03:19 | |
-Unfortunately, -it damaged the Welsh language. | 0:03:19 | 0:03:22 | |
-BOOING | 0:03:22 | 0:03:24 | |
-The miners led difficult lives. | 0:03:24 | 0:03:26 | |
-The got up at 4.30am -and finished work at 6.00pm... | 0:03:27 | 0:03:32 | |
-..but there was a strong comradery. | 0:03:32 | 0:03:36 | |
-Wales was important. | 0:03:37 | 0:03:39 | |
-Half a million tons of coal was -produced in Senghenydd every year. | 0:03:39 | 0:03:45 | |
-Merthyr Tydfil had one of the -biggest ironworks in the world. | 0:03:45 | 0:03:50 | |
-Wales was number one. | 0:03:50 | 0:03:53 | |
-Wales was very important... | 0:03:57 | 0:03:59 | |
-..and the South Wales collieries -were world-famous. | 0:03:59 | 0:04:03 | |
-In 1913, they produced -56 million tonnes of coal. | 0:04:03 | 0:04:09 | |
-One of these wagons -can hold a ton of coal... | 0:04:10 | 0:04:13 | |
-..so 56 million of these -would go around the world. | 0:04:13 | 0:04:17 | |
-In 1913, -there were 620 coal mines in Wales. | 0:04:18 | 0:04:23 | |
-One in five men in Wales -worked in a coal mine. | 0:04:24 | 0:04:29 | |
-Men and boys -worked hard underground... | 0:04:29 | 0:04:33 | |
-..to mine this valuable coal. | 0:04:33 | 0:04:36 | |
-The coal was exported -all over the world... | 0:04:36 | 0:04:40 | |
-..and used to produce steam. | 0:04:40 | 0:04:43 | |
-The Universal Colliery in Senghenydd -was just like this mine in Rhondda. | 0:04:44 | 0:04:49 | |
-There were two wheels -at the top of two shafts. | 0:04:49 | 0:04:52 | |
-They pumped oxygen in and out of -the mine so the miners could breath. | 0:04:53 | 0:04:59 | |
-Hundreds of men -came and went to work every day. | 0:04:59 | 0:05:04 | |
-The miners had four -essential pieces of apparatus. | 0:05:07 | 0:05:11 | |
-They had a water flask -to hold their cold tea. | 0:05:12 | 0:05:15 | |
-There was a cage to hold a canary -that detected poisonous gases. | 0:05:15 | 0:05:20 | |
-A food tin that kept the mice out. | 0:05:20 | 0:05:22 | |
-A food tin that kept the mice out. - -And the safety lamp. | 0:05:22 | 0:05:24 | |
-Why was the lamp important? | 0:05:24 | 0:05:27 | |
-A miner needs light -when he's working underground. | 0:05:27 | 0:05:32 | |
-This lamp carries a flame -but this is a very special lamp. | 0:05:32 | 0:05:37 | |
-It stops any explosions -from happening underground. | 0:05:37 | 0:05:42 | |
-The Davy Lamp was designed in 1815 -by Sir Humphry Davy. | 0:05:43 | 0:05:48 | |
-Every miner was given a lamp when -he went down the pit each morning. | 0:05:50 | 0:05:55 | |
-It helped them to see in the dark -without causing a fire... | 0:05:55 | 0:05:59 | |
-..because the flame was in the lamp. | 0:06:00 | 0:06:02 | |
-It could also detect any methane -that was in the mine. | 0:06:03 | 0:06:08 | |
-Methane is a very dangerous -and highly explosive gas. | 0:06:08 | 0:06:13 | |
-If there wasn't any methane -in the pit... | 0:06:13 | 0:06:16 | |
-..there was a small, yellow flame. | 0:06:17 | 0:06:20 | |
-A large, blue flame would burn -when there was methane in a pit. | 0:06:20 | 0:06:25 | |
-This indicated whether it was safe -for the miners to work underground. | 0:06:25 | 0:06:30 | |
-The Davy Lamp -is still used in mines today... | 0:06:31 | 0:06:35 | |
-..for safety reasons. | 0:06:35 | 0:06:37 | |
-The miners had another little friend -who detected methane - the canary. | 0:06:38 | 0:06:43 | |
-A canary will faint -in the presence of methane gas. | 0:06:44 | 0:06:48 | |
-This gave the miners time to leave -the pit and get some fresh air. | 0:06:48 | 0:06:53 | |
-They didn't have helmets in 1913 -but we have to wear them today. | 0:06:59 | 0:07:05 | |
-Here you are, boys. | 0:07:05 | 0:07:07 | |
-The miners at Senghenydd went down -595 metres into the earth every day. | 0:07:17 | 0:07:23 | |
-It's the equivalent of ten large -chimneys pointing into the ground. | 0:07:23 | 0:07:28 | |
-Or 195 elephants -standing on top of each other. | 0:07:28 | 0:07:33 | |
-In 1913... | 0:07:45 | 0:07:46 | |
-..boys of our age worked -alongside the men in the mine. | 0:07:47 | 0:07:51 | |
-Mines were dangerous places filled -with water and poisonous gases. | 0:07:52 | 0:07:57 | |
-Coal produces methane gas. | 0:07:57 | 0:07:59 | |
-If a spark and methane gas meet... | 0:07:59 | 0:08:03 | |
-If a spark and methane gas meet... - -ALL: Bang! | 0:08:03 | 0:08:04 | |
-It was important to have doors -underground to control air flow. | 0:08:07 | 0:08:13 | |
-The children opened and closed the -doors to let the coal carts through. | 0:08:15 | 0:08:20 | |
-The children were alone -with only a candle for light. | 0:08:22 | 0:08:26 | |
-What happened -when the lights went out? | 0:08:28 | 0:08:31 | |
-BOYS SCREAM | 0:08:33 | 0:08:35 | |
-I can't believe that boys of our age -worked in the mines. | 0:08:42 | 0:08:46 | |
-There were thousands of horses -in the mines too. | 0:08:46 | 0:08:50 | |
-In 1913, there were 70,000 horses -working in the coal mines in Wales. | 0:08:50 | 0:08:55 | |
-Let's go and see the horses. | 0:08:56 | 0:08:58 | |
-This farm outside Pontypridd... | 0:09:05 | 0:09:08 | |
-..is a home for some horses -who worked in the Welsh coal mines. | 0:09:08 | 0:09:12 | |
-They are able to relax -in the fresh air. | 0:09:13 | 0:09:16 | |
-What is a pit pony? -Did they really work underground? | 0:09:17 | 0:09:20 | |
-The pit ponies worked in the mines. | 0:09:21 | 0:09:24 | |
-They worked underground -with the men. | 0:09:24 | 0:09:27 | |
-They were called pit ponies but -weren't necessarily small horses. | 0:09:28 | 0:09:33 | |
-In Wales, -the horses tended to be bigger. | 0:09:34 | 0:09:37 | |
-Did they get the same respect -as the miners? | 0:09:37 | 0:09:40 | |
-That's a good question. | 0:09:41 | 0:09:43 | |
-Many thought the pit owners valued -their ponies more than the men. | 0:09:43 | 0:09:48 | |
-The ponies were worth about 20... | 0:09:49 | 0:09:51 | |
-..so the horses had better treatment -than the men. | 0:09:52 | 0:09:55 | |
-Did they have stables underground? | 0:09:56 | 0:09:59 | |
-Did they have stables underground? - -Yes, there were stables underground. | 0:09:59 | 0:10:02 | |
-There were as many as 50 horses -in those stables. | 0:10:03 | 0:10:08 | |
-Some of the men -worked solely with the horses. | 0:10:09 | 0:10:12 | |
-How far did they walk? | 0:10:13 | 0:10:14 | |
-It depended on their work -and where they were stationed. | 0:10:15 | 0:10:19 | |
-They worked hard -for full shifts with the men. | 0:10:19 | 0:10:23 | |
-My grandfather worked underground. | 0:10:23 | 0:10:25 | |
-He said that the best ponies -often worked a double shift... | 0:10:26 | 0:10:31 | |
-..instead of using the lazy horses. | 0:10:31 | 0:10:34 | |
-It was a very hard life. | 0:10:34 | 0:10:36 | |
-Was it cruel? | 0:10:36 | 0:10:37 | |
-That isn't an easy question -to answer. | 0:10:38 | 0:10:41 | |
-They were well cared for by a -large team of men and fed regularly. | 0:10:41 | 0:10:47 | |
-The men who worked with the horses -looked after them very well. | 0:10:48 | 0:10:52 | |
-A life underground can't be compared -with a life in the outdoors... | 0:10:53 | 0:10:58 | |
-..where they can run, graze -and live a typical horse's life. | 0:10:58 | 0:11:03 | |
-Did the horse have holidays? | 0:11:03 | 0:11:05 | |
-They had a fortnight's holiday -every year. | 0:11:06 | 0:11:09 | |
-They went underground aged four -and spent their lives down there... | 0:11:09 | 0:11:14 | |
-..apart from two weeks -when the pits were closed. | 0:11:14 | 0:11:18 | |
-What did they do on their holidays? | 0:11:18 | 0:11:21 | |
-There are wonderful stories -about the horses. | 0:11:21 | 0:11:25 | |
-They galloped happily -around the fields. | 0:11:25 | 0:11:28 | |
-They ran for as long as they could -before slowing down to walk... | 0:11:29 | 0:11:34 | |
-..and then stopping to graze -in the fresh air. | 0:11:34 | 0:11:38 | |
-When did they stop using horses -in the coal mines? | 0:11:38 | 0:11:42 | |
-The last pit pony retired -from working underground in 1999. | 0:11:43 | 0:11:48 | |
-Some of the horses -who were working in 1999... | 0:11:49 | 0:11:52 | |
-..can be found -on this farm in Pontypridd. | 0:11:53 | 0:11:56 | |
-We've learnt about the period -and the workings of a mine. | 0:11:58 | 0:12:03 | |
-What about the women? | 0:12:03 | 0:12:05 | |
-And what happened -on 14th October 1913? | 0:12:05 | 0:12:09 | |
-The first miners in Senghenydd -had houses just like these. | 0:12:26 | 0:12:30 | |
-But these are in Blaenavon. | 0:12:30 | 0:12:32 | |
-They are just like the houses -in Senghenydd. | 0:12:32 | 0:12:35 | |
-We've come to learn about -their way of life. | 0:12:36 | 0:12:39 | |
-The coal owners built -specific houses for their workers. | 0:12:39 | 0:12:45 | |
-In 1891, the owner -of the Universal Colliery... | 0:12:45 | 0:12:50 | |
-..built a row of houses -in Senghenydd for his workers. | 0:12:50 | 0:12:54 | |
-They were simple houses -and it was a difficult life. | 0:12:55 | 0:13:00 | |
-By 1913, there were so many people -working in the mine... | 0:13:00 | 0:13:05 | |
-..that more houses -were built in the village. | 0:13:05 | 0:13:09 | |
-Every bedroom was full... | 0:13:09 | 0:13:12 | |
-..with the men and boys -who worked in the mine. | 0:13:12 | 0:13:16 | |
-Did everyone have a house like this -in 1913? | 0:13:19 | 0:13:22 | |
-The workers had houses like these... | 0:13:22 | 0:13:25 | |
-..but the mine owners -lived in very grand homes. | 0:13:25 | 0:13:29 | |
-However, they built specific houses -for the miners. | 0:13:29 | 0:13:34 | |
-They had two rooms downstairs... | 0:13:34 | 0:13:37 | |
-..and two rooms upstairs, -so they were quite small. | 0:13:37 | 0:13:41 | |
-What did people wear? | 0:13:41 | 0:13:43 | |
-Boys and girls -dressed very differently. | 0:13:43 | 0:13:47 | |
-The boys wore a shirt and trousers. | 0:13:47 | 0:13:50 | |
-The girls didn't have the things -we wear today. | 0:13:50 | 0:13:53 | |
-They wore a lot of layers. | 0:13:54 | 0:13:56 | |
-There was a cotton undergarment... | 0:13:56 | 0:13:59 | |
-..a woollen layer -and they sometimes wore aprons. | 0:14:00 | 0:14:03 | |
-Did they have their own bedrooms? | 0:14:04 | 0:14:07 | |
-Children and young people -had to share a bedroom. | 0:14:07 | 0:14:11 | |
-In some homes, eight to ten people -slept on the floor of the one room. | 0:14:12 | 0:14:17 | |
-Was there a kitchen? | 0:14:17 | 0:14:19 | |
-Was there a kitchen? - -There wasn't a kitchen as such. | 0:14:19 | 0:14:22 | |
-They only had a fireplace -in the small downstairs room. | 0:14:22 | 0:14:28 | |
-This was where they boiled water, -cooked food and kept warm. | 0:14:28 | 0:14:33 | |
-They didn't have electricity -or running water... | 0:14:34 | 0:14:38 | |
-..so there wasn't a microwave -or an oven. | 0:14:39 | 0:14:42 | |
-They simply had a fireplace. | 0:14:42 | 0:14:45 | |
-What did they eat? | 0:14:45 | 0:14:47 | |
-It all depended -on how much the man earned. | 0:14:47 | 0:14:50 | |
-They ate simple food -such as bread, cheese and butter. | 0:14:51 | 0:14:57 | |
-They also drank tea because the -water was dirty and tasted awful... | 0:14:57 | 0:15:02 | |
-..so they added tea to the water. | 0:15:02 | 0:15:07 | |
-The men took their food parcels -underground and drank cold tea. | 0:15:07 | 0:15:13 | |
-Where did they wash? | 0:15:13 | 0:15:15 | |
-They didn't have a bathroom. | 0:15:15 | 0:15:18 | |
-They had a tin bath -that was filled with hot water. | 0:15:19 | 0:15:24 | |
-All the men -shared the water to wash... | 0:15:25 | 0:15:29 | |
-..so it wasn't very clean. | 0:15:29 | 0:15:31 | |
-There wasn't an indoor toilet -so they kept a pot under the bed... | 0:15:31 | 0:15:36 | |
-..and shared the pot -during the night. | 0:15:36 | 0:15:39 | |
-Despite this, -the houses were very clean. | 0:15:39 | 0:15:43 | |
-The wife or mother was expected -to keep a very clean home. | 0:15:43 | 0:15:48 | |
-Did they get sick -after drinking the dirty water? | 0:15:49 | 0:15:53 | |
-Yes. | 0:15:53 | 0:15:55 | |
-We're have tap water but they had -to fetch water from the river. | 0:15:55 | 0:16:01 | |
-The water wasn't very clean. | 0:16:01 | 0:16:05 | |
-It was used for drinking, washing -themselves and their clothes... | 0:16:05 | 0:16:11 | |
-..and to get rid of the waste -from their toilets. | 0:16:11 | 0:16:14 | |
-The water wasn't very clean... | 0:16:15 | 0:16:17 | |
-..and it carried a lot -of different diseases. | 0:16:17 | 0:16:21 | |
-Would you want to live here in 1913? | 0:16:21 | 0:16:24 | |
-Would you want to live here in 1913? - -ALL: No! | 0:16:24 | 0:16:26 | |
-Senghenydd -was a very different place in 1913. | 0:16:30 | 0:16:35 | |
-On 14th October, it changed forever. | 0:16:35 | 0:16:40 | |
-At 8.10am, I have my breakfast -before walking to school. | 0:16:44 | 0:16:50 | |
-But at 8.10am -on 14th October 1913... | 0:16:50 | 0:16:54 | |
-..450 men had started work -in the mine. | 0:16:55 | 0:17:00 | |
-This is what happened. | 0:17:00 | 0:17:03 | |
-The men and boys went to work -just like any other day. | 0:17:07 | 0:17:12 | |
-The combination of the methane gas -and coal dust in the mine... | 0:17:13 | 0:17:19 | |
-..caused a massive explosion... | 0:17:19 | 0:17:21 | |
-..that led to a huge fire -and the shafts to collapse. | 0:17:22 | 0:17:26 | |
-The fire stole the oxygen -from the pit. | 0:17:26 | 0:17:29 | |
-The men were trapped -and couldn't breathe... | 0:17:29 | 0:17:33 | |
-..so they didn't stand a chance. | 0:17:33 | 0:17:35 | |
-Their wives and children ran to -the pit to see what had happened. | 0:17:39 | 0:17:43 | |
-They had to wait to find out -who had died. | 0:17:44 | 0:17:48 | |
-Rescue teams from across the Valleys -came to help... | 0:17:50 | 0:17:54 | |
-..but it was a very sad situation. | 0:17:54 | 0:17:58 | |
-Only 18 men and boys -came out alive. | 0:18:03 | 0:18:06 | |
-439 men and boys were killed. | 0:18:07 | 0:18:10 | |
-Every horse in the mine was killed. | 0:18:10 | 0:18:14 | |
-542 children -were left without a father. | 0:18:15 | 0:18:19 | |
-Every house in Senghenydd -lost a loved one. | 0:18:19 | 0:18:22 | |
-The explosion and fire -were terrible. | 0:18:26 | 0:18:29 | |
-What was the chemical reaction -that caused them? | 0:18:29 | 0:18:33 | |
-Pupils at Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhymni -have done a project on the disaster. | 0:18:33 | 0:18:39 | |
-They have been recreating -the explosion. | 0:18:40 | 0:18:43 | |
-The name of the gases that caused -the explosion is firedamp. | 0:18:44 | 0:18:49 | |
-It's from the German word, dampf. | 0:18:49 | 0:18:51 | |
-Methane is the main gas in firedamp. | 0:18:51 | 0:18:54 | |
-The methane flows from the orange -tube and gathers in the bubbles. | 0:18:54 | 0:19:00 | |
-Methane burns fiercely -in air that's rich in oxygen. | 0:19:01 | 0:19:04 | |
-It meant that all the oxygen -was used in the mine. | 0:19:05 | 0:19:09 | |
-It produces a poisonous gas -or afterdamp... | 0:19:09 | 0:19:12 | |
-..that's made of carbon monoxide -and carbon dioxide. | 0:19:12 | 0:19:17 | |
-Many miners escaped -from the initial explosion... | 0:19:17 | 0:19:21 | |
-..but a number of men died -because of the poisonous gases. | 0:19:22 | 0:19:26 | |
-This is what killed the majority -of the 439 miners at Senghenydd. | 0:19:26 | 0:19:31 | |
-It's fun to create an explosion -in a laboratory. | 0:19:34 | 0:19:37 | |
-The effects of the 1913 explosion -were no laughing matter. | 0:19:37 | 0:19:42 | |
-The whole world heard of Senghenydd. | 0:19:42 | 0:19:45 | |
-This film of the funeral -for some of the victims... | 0:19:45 | 0:19:50 | |
-..says it all. | 0:19:50 | 0:19:52 | |
-People came from everywhere -to pay their respects. | 0:19:52 | 0:19:56 | |
-The procession of bodies -went down the high street. | 0:19:56 | 0:19:59 | |
-There were people everywhere. | 0:20:00 | 0:20:02 | |
-The village -would never be the same again. | 0:20:02 | 0:20:07 | |
-Many families -were thrown out of their homes... | 0:20:10 | 0:20:13 | |
-..because they couldn't pay -the rent. | 0:20:13 | 0:20:16 | |
-There was a court case. | 0:20:17 | 0:20:18 | |
-The owner of the pit was found -guilty of causing the explosion. | 0:20:19 | 0:20:23 | |
-The workers had told the owner -that the pit was unsafe... | 0:20:24 | 0:20:28 | |
-..but he wouldn't listen. | 0:20:29 | 0:20:31 | |
-The community was stunned to hear... | 0:20:31 | 0:20:34 | |
-..that the owner -was only given a fine of 24. | 0:20:34 | 0:20:39 | |
-What happened to the -Universal Colliery and Senghenydd? | 0:20:42 | 0:20:46 | |
-The First World War -broke out in 1914... | 0:20:46 | 0:20:50 | |
-..and everyone forgot the tragedy. | 0:20:51 | 0:20:54 | |
-The mine reopened in 1916... | 0:20:54 | 0:20:58 | |
-..to produce coal for the war. | 0:20:58 | 0:21:01 | |
-The mine stayed open until 1928. | 0:21:02 | 0:21:06 | |
-In 1965, -the colliery was demolished. | 0:21:07 | 0:21:11 | |
-Today, the village -enjoys a new lease of life. | 0:21:11 | 0:21:16 | |
-At Ysgol Gynradd Nant y Parc, -the site of the Universal's shaft... | 0:21:19 | 0:21:24 | |
-..there's a memorial -for the men who died. | 0:21:24 | 0:21:27 | |
-Ysgol Ifor Bach is also built -on the site of an old coal mine. | 0:21:28 | 0:21:33 | |
-The schools -bring new life to the area. | 0:21:33 | 0:21:36 | |
-Nothing remains of the mines. | 0:21:36 | 0:21:39 | |
-A museum in the village -tells this story. | 0:21:39 | 0:21:42 | |
-This year, a garden will be opened -to remember those who died. | 0:21:42 | 0:21:48 | |
-This story is important and -forms part of our family history. | 0:21:48 | 0:21:53 | |
-We plan to -keep telling this story... | 0:21:53 | 0:21:56 | |
-..so that everyone knows about -the Senghenydd Disaster of 1913. | 0:21:56 | 0:22:01 |