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CHEERING AND APPLAUSE

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Good evening, good evening, good evening, good evening, good evening

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and welcome to QI, where tonight, once again, the Is have it.

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I spy with my little eye the illustrious Sandi Toksvig!

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CHEERING AND APPLAUSE

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The indubitable Jimmy Carr!

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CHEERING AND APPLAUSE Thank you.

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The incorrigible Lee Mack!

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CHEERING AND APPLAUSE Thank you.

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And the 'ilarious Alan Davies.

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CHEERING AND APPLAUSE

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And I hear with my little ear their buzzers. Sandi goes...

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"Aye-aye." LAUGHTER

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-Jimmy goes...

-"Oi-oi!" LAUGHTER

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-Lee goes...

-"Aye-aye-aye-aye-aye!"

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-LAUGHTER

-And Alan goes...

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"# I've got a lovely bunch of coconuts"

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LAUGHTER

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Don't forget your Nobody Knows Joker.

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FANFARE "Nobody knows!"

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That's the one. There is a question to which the answer is, "Nobody knows"

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and if you can predict which that question is and wave your banner, you'll get points.

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And so to question I, I mean question one. No, I was right the first time.

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What's the difference between an ai and an aye-aye?

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Have you heard of an ai? It's a very useful word in Scrabble.

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-A-I.

-Yes. Oh, yes! It's a sloth.

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-A sloth! Exactly. But what about an aye-aye?

-Two sloths.

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LAUGHTER

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All right, so we've got the ai. Where does the ai live?

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-Where does it live?

-In a tree.

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-Yeah. In which part of the world would you expect to find it?

-South America.

-Yes.

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They're wonderful things. They look like humans dressed in a sloth costume.

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But to be fair, you could say that about any animal. A giraffe looks like a human in a giraffe costume.

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-You look at a picture of an ai and I think you'll see what I mean.

-Oh!

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-That does look like a person in a costume.

-He's climbing a tree which looks like a man dressed as a tree.

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-LAUGHTER

-Yes.

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He also looks like he's made of that stuff they used to make dish mops out of.

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-Their heads are very disproportionate.

-They are.

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They live up to their name. They're very lazy. They only come down to defecate.

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-They come down from a tree to defecate?

-Yes.

-The benefit of living in a tree is you can...

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-Poo on whomever you like?

-Maybe they have a downstairs toilet.

-Yes.

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-Hadn't thought of that, had you?

-Once you've had it put in, you want to use it.

-Absolutely.

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Very unusually for mammals, they need to bask in the sun to warm up their metabolism.

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So that's the ai. We've got the ai. But tell me about the aye-aye.

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-Is it spelt the same as the ai?

-No.

-Obviously there's more letters.

-It's AYE-hyphen-AYE.

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-Aye-aye, sir.

-And I happen to have been and seen one.

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Very few people have cos it's one of the most endangered species.

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-Is it a Geordie version of that?

-Aye-aye? No, that's the why-aye.

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-Oh.

-Are we in the same part of the world?

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-We're not in the same part of the world.

-Is it a sloth?

-No.

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It's more closely related to us. It's a primate.

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-Primate?

-But it's not an ape or a monkey. What other kinds...

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-Is it the aye-aye orang-utan?

-Lemur?

-Lemur. It's a lemur.

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-Therefore, it must come from only one place on earth.

-Oh!

-Bradford.

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LAUGHTER

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It looks like someone's put some water on a gremlin.

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-LAUGHTER

-Yes.

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That's exactly right. Which you know you mustn't do.

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-I would think that the animal on the left has an easier job getting a well-fitting hat.

-Yes.

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-LAUGHTER And a girlfriend.

-Yes.

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-That may be why the aye-aye is so endangered.

-It's Madagascar.

-That's the only place you get lemurs.

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You can't see there, but they have the most extraordinary middle finger which is fully extended

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and looks like a dried twig. Really unusual. They tap with their finger on the barks of trees

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and bring out little worms and grubs which they catch and eat off their finger,

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-like a piece of cutlery.

-So nature has designed them to eat Hula Hoops?

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-Basically.

-That's extraordinary.

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Zoologists would say they fill the niche that woodpeckers filled in other environments.

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There are superstitions about if you... Pardon me. If I did this to you, or this,

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-if one of those did that to you, that'd be...

-That's right.

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It's called the Fady, which is the taboo system of the local people,

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and because they're nocturnal creatures and because they look so weird,

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they regard them as a curse and they have a habit of killing them.

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-It does look like a really bad hair transplant.

-It does.

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Well, I'm not surprised people kill them.

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Never mind superstition, if you walk across a street doing that, you're going to get a guy going,

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-"I can take him on."

-And also, I'm not surprised they're endangered,

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cos they're clearly not mating, are they? They're looking at each other and going, "I'd rather not".

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-It is dark, remember.

-All the ugly ones come out in the dark.

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-LAUGHTER

-That's how Jimmy mates.

-Oh!

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"I'm happy to do it, love, but it'll have to be with the lights off."

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JIMMY LAUGHS

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LAUGHTER I can't believe your wife told you that story.

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-LAUGHTER

-Oh!

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APPLAUSE

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-It's like...

-I even did that in a northern accent.

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It's like watching two 1970s northern comics having a row.

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-"Funny, cos your wife said..." "Your wife doesn't exist." "You what?"

-LAUGHTER

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-They do that on the streets of New York with "your mama".

-They do what with my mama?

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-LAUGHTER Why don't you say "one's mama"?

-One's mama.

-Yeah.

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-I'd love you to do that on the streets of New York.

-One's mama.

-"Oh, one's mama to you!"

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Yes. That'll jolly well show them!

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Anyway, you didn't get that right, so let's try again.

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What's the difference between an "aye" and an "aye-aye"?

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-It's the same question.

-Yes, but with different answers.

-BUZZER

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-Is it different answers?

-Yes.

-Oh. I don't know, then. LAUGHTER

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-Maybe this time, aye-aye, sir. Is it "Aye-aye, sir" and "Aye, sir" are two different things?

-Yes.

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That's the difference. In the navy... There's Kenneth Williams. A fine example!

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Do you know how they separate the men from the boys in the navy? With a crowbar.

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LAUGHTER

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-Oh, dear.

-Aww!

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As you know, they say, "Aye" in the navy, but they also say, "Aye-aye".

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And there is a difference and I want you to tell me what that difference is.

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Does "Aye" mean yes, as in "What do you want?"

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So you go, "You!" "Aye?" "Go and mop the floor." "Aye-aye."

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Basically, yes. "Aye" is an agreement or an assent.

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So the captain might say, "Nice morning, isn't it?" and the sailor would say, "Aye, sir."

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But he might say, "Order hands to bathe" and then he'd go, "Aye-aye, sir"

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-meaning, "I heard your order, I'll carry it out".

-Wash my hands.

-No.

-What does it mean?

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All hands overboard. Sounds like, "Jump in the water".

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-Hands are what you call the ship's company.

-All sailors have a bath together.

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Yes, in the sea. "Hands to bathe" means, when they're in nice waters, they swim in the sea.

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But don't take their hats off. LAUGHTER

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-Whatever you do!

-Don't take your hats off, the seagulls might need somewhere to land.

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Are they singing a song while that's going on?

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-If synchronised swimmers dressed like that, you'd think more of the sport.

-You would!

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-It'd be on TV more.

-Also, you could combine it with Total Wipeout.

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You could run across the top as they're doing synchronised swimming.

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More Is now. Why won't this woman stop staring at you?

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BUZZER She's only human.

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LAUGHTER

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She's got needs, like any woman. LAUGHTER

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-Are we being suggested to say cos her eyes are following you round the room?

-Yeah, they do.

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They don't literally follow you around the room,

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but that experience is, wherever you are in relation to that painting,

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-she is looking at you.

-What if you're behind her? Behind the painting?

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That only works on paintings of owls. LAUGHTER

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What's the most famous painting in the Wallace Collection in London?

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You know you're looking at the wrong person, don't you? LAUGHTER

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-It's only...

-Lee, I wasn't looking at you.

-Sometimes your eyes follow me round the room, Stephen.

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-Sandi...

-I honestly thought someone was stood behind me.

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-It is the cavalier?

-It is the Laughing Cavalier.

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-The Laughing Cavalier?

-Very good. That has the same quality, as well.

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It's true of a lot of portraits.

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Surely any painting where the person is looking at the artist. It's not unique to that painting.

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-No, it isn't.

-Any painting where the subject is looking towards the camera, for want of a better word.

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But if you have a painting where someone's looking down, even if you get down to the eye level,

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-it will never look at you.

-You would look mad in an art gallery doing that.

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-LAUGHTER He's looking at me!

-Look at me!

-It doesn't look at you.

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-They only look at you when they're looking straight out.

-It's not like that in Scooby Doo, though.

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-There's somebody behind the painting and they really are following you around.

-In horror films.

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-Exactly.

-If you were to look at me now and I walked over there

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and you fixed your gaze forward, you wouldn't be looking at me. So you'd think it'd be true of the painting.

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But you're not looking at the eyes of the painting,

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you're looking through the eyes of the artist.

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So wherever you stand, you look through the eyes of the artist, not your own eyes. Good night.

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-Rather beautifully put.

-Stephen is three-dimensional and the painting is two-dimensional

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-so that doesn't work.

-But I'm looking at you through my eyes.

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So if I walk over there, I'm still looking at you through my eyes so it doesn't work.

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But I'm not looking at his eyes, the subject's eyes.

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I'm looking through the artist's eyes and they stay fixed at all times.

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It's like bending light. It's like having a telescope that bends round,

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-you're looking through the artist's eyes.

-In a nice way, I'm going to say I don't think you fully understood.

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LAUGHTER AND APPLAUSE

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If you change the word nice to patronising, that works. LAUGHTER

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-Well...

-And you're kind with the word "fully" cos I don't think I understood any of it.

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-LAUGHTER

-Anyway, we've got a little example of this optical illusion here.

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If you photograph it in the right way, as you'll to see,

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the eye plays extraordinary tricks on you.

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So there it is. There's Einstein. There he is in profile.

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And then there's the inverted bit,

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but hello, your eye tells you that's poking outwards, and yet it isn't.

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That's the inside bit.

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And your eye refuses to believe it until you get to that.

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-Oh, you're twisting my melon, man.

-Isn't that extraordinary?

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-Why does it do that?

-Because your brain is programmed to recognise human faces,

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one of the first things babies do is look at faces, and you expect to see a face

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-and even though you know it isn't a real face...

-Ahh.

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-..your brain fills in the gaps.

-I did it again.

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-It's an astonishing illusion.

-Does it only work with Einstein?

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-No!

-LAUGHTER Would it work with another man?

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-It would work with any human being.

-Ahh!

-It's very creepy.

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-It's amazing, isn't it?

-But I can't believe it did the same trick twice.

-I know.

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-Listen, we're not going to fall for it this time.

-And yet...

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-LAUGHTER

-Not three times.

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Outside, outside, outside, outside, outside.

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-This is going to be inside, Lee. This one's inside.

-Inside.

-Inside.

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-Ahh!

-Oh!

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How does he do it? How does he do it?

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-It's so clever.

-He's so clever.

-We literally filmed this. You can see,

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-that's all it is.

-This is a great trick. I might cut my head in half and scoop out my brain.

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LAUGHTER

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-What a wonderful thing. It would make the most wonderful blancmange.

-LAUGHTER

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Are we going to bother with the rest of the show? Cos I could happily just...

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LAUGHTER I mean, it's lovely chatting and everything,

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-and I love what we do, but let's just...

-You're hypnotised.

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-Have you got any others apart from Einstein?

-No. But we can make the Queen happy or sad with a £5 note.

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You can do this with your own £5 notes. We'll give you a demonstration. You do a little fold.

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Aww. Ahh!

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-Aww. Ahh!

-LAUGHTER

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APPLAUSE

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-That's brilliant.

-Do you remember when they were in the Derby, her horse, Carlton House?

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"It's winning, it's winning, it's going to win the Derby! Oh, bollocks."

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-LAUGHTER

-It came third and a Frenchman won.

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-Does it only work on a fiver? Does it work on bigger money?

-It'll work on most denominations.

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-Would it work on the Queen if you tilt her?

-It will also work on the sovereign herself.

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Is that why she looks so sad when she's bowing? Not that the Queen bows much.

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-She's probably never bowed in her life.

-No, I've met her.

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-Did she bow?

-She does, yes.

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LAUGHTER

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Another thing is to find out where and how we look.

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There is a whole science called gaze detection.

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-No, I do not...

-LAUGHTER Don't even look at me.

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-It's a science, is it, Stephen?

-LAUGHTER

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-It's actually a "dar" I believe.

-No, not the gaydar.

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Gaze detection. G-A-Z-E.

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And there are tests done between men and women and the different way they look at bodies.

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When women look at a human being, they look at their faces.

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-When men look at a human being...

-I know this.

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Yes. Yes, they...

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-It's the...

-I'm afraid they look at their faces and their groins.

-Their personality.

-Yeah.

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And their groins. And the American Kennel Association, even more disturbingly,

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found that when looking at animals, women look at the dog's face,

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men look at the dog's face and genitals.

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There are some things you can't hide.

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And gaze detection is most important commercially, though, for what?

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For the new idea that I've just had of writing advertising slogans on ladies' groins.

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-No!

-We're going to be rich, Stephen!

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-No!

-It's not just ladies' groins.

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-Men look at men's groins, as well.

-I'm afraid they do.

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-You wouldn't get much of a slogan on a Chihuahua, would you?

-LAUGHTER

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-You wouldn't get much of a slogan on me, never mind the Chihuahua.

-Oh, now!

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-Why, though? Why do boys look at dogs' genitals?

-This is news to us.

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LAUGHTER This is news to all of us. There's not one man in the room

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thinking this is observational comedy, going, "That's me". LAUGHTER

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-We're all going, "What? We look at dogs' genitals?"

-You might not know you do it, but you do it.

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This is what the experiments show. It's most useful in merchandising in supermarkets

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to see that there are certain areas in any store

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where people are automatically drawn and therefore they are the most valuable

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so the items that go there are the ones that are being pushed.

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So if you really want to sell something to men, have a beautiful woman walk past,

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and you'd look at the things right by her eye and she'd have a dog with her with large genitals.

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-LAUGHTER

-Yes. You're conflating the various things I've said.

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I'm still horrified by men looking at dogs' genitals!

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-LAUGHTER

-Do we do the same with horses?

-It is news to men.

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Horses don't do anything for our self-esteem. LAUGHTER

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I went to a wedding in a beautiful country church and it was in the middle of fields and so on,

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and the couple were having their picture taken, and not one of us had noticed

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there was a horse in the field just behind the happy couple

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-who had the biggest area of expertise I've ever seen.

-LAUGHTER

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-That's all you can see in the photographs.

-LAUGHTER

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They couldn't crop it out, it was so large.

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Well, we must move on, charming as this is. The way to get the eyes to follow you around the room

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is to paint them looking straight ahead. Next, a question about infancy.

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Which best-selling children's author has something to say on rabid dogs,

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suicide victims, slaughtering cattle and how to tie your shoelaces?

0:16:030:16:07

-BUZZER

-Yes, Lee?

-Katie Price. LAUGHTER

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-It's a wild stab in the dark...

-That was the title of her second book.

-How To Slaughter Cattle?

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-Yeah.

-Yeah? This has probably sold 150 million copies since its first publication.

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-In a children's book?

-A book written for children.

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Look at the boys looking round at the dog's genitals. LAUGHTER

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He is! That's Dick on the left. Dick, Anne and Julian.

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And Dick is looking at Timmy's bits.

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Girls, eyes forward. Boys going, "Hello!"

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-You see, even Enid Blyton knew.

-It's an old English book?

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-Published in the Edwardian era.

-Are we looking for the name of the book or the author?

0:16:430:16:48

The name of the author was Robert, later Lord, Baden Powell.

0:16:480:16:53

-Oh, Scouting For Boys?

-Scouting For Boys is the right answer.

0:16:530:16:57

Scouting For Boys has got something on suicide?

0:16:570:16:59

-It has. It has an amazing entry. Maybe you'd like to hear it.

-I would love to hear it.

0:16:590:17:04

"When a man attempts suicide...", they don't count women, "..a scout should know what to do with him."

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-LAUGHTER

-"In a case where the would-be suicide has taken poison,

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"give milk and make him vomit by tickling the inside of the throat with a finger or a feather.

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"In the case of hanging, cut down the body at once,

0:17:180:17:21

"taking care to support it with one arm while cutting the cord.

0:17:210:17:24

-"A tenderfoot", which is scouting for novice...

-They make that sound very simple.

0:17:240:17:29

"..is sometimes inclined to be timid about handling an insensible or a dead man, or even seeing blood.

0:17:290:17:34

"Well, he won't be much use till he gets over such nonsense."

0:17:340:17:38

LAUGHTER

0:17:380:17:40

There you are. Advice to young boys on how to slaughter cattle.

0:17:400:17:44

"If you're a beginner in slaughtering with a knife,

0:17:440:17:48

"it's sometimes useful to first drop the animal insensible by a heavy blow with a big hammer

0:17:480:17:55

-"or the back of a felling axe on top of the head."

-LAUGHTER

0:17:550:17:59

-Kindest thing to do, really.

-Stopping a runaway horse?

0:17:590:18:03

-Does he give advice on that?

-He does.

-Lie down.

-That would stop the horse?

0:18:030:18:06

-Oh, no, they don't tread on you.

-Oh, I know, play dead.

0:18:060:18:10

-How would that stop the horse?

-I'm thinking of a ferocious grizzly bear again, aren't I?

0:18:100:18:15

What you don't do is stand in front of it waving your arms. That's the mistake to make.

0:18:150:18:20

-You go to the side and ease it towards the side of a wall or house.

-When it's running?

0:18:200:18:27

You ease a running horse to the side of a wall, yeah?

0:18:270:18:29

"Don't worry, lads, I'll just ease this running horse to the side of a wall."

0:18:290:18:34

It can see out of the corner of its eye, and it will slow it down, according to Baden Powell.

0:18:340:18:38

"Give us a hand!", "I can't, Uncle Pete's hung himself."

0:18:380:18:41

-What about saving someone who's fallen in front of a train?

-Oh, I know this,

0:18:410:18:45

you ease the train up against a wall. LAUGHTER

0:18:450:18:49

"If the train is very close, lie flat between the rails,

0:18:490:18:52

"make the man do the same till the train passes over,

0:18:520:18:55

"while everyone else will be running about screaming, excited and doing nothing."

0:18:550:19:00

-You jump on the track with him and push his head down?

-Yes.

-Sure, I'd do that.

0:19:000:19:04

-Is there such a big gap between the wheels?

-There is in the movies but I wouldn't be the one to try it.

0:19:040:19:09

It'd be great if you hung yourself and a scout cut you down, and you went, "OK, I'll jump under a train."

0:19:090:19:14

"He's here again!" LAUGHTER "Hello, mate!"

0:19:140:19:18

Now, eyes front, I spy general ignorance up ahead.

0:19:180:19:22

What can you tell me about the lifespan of this lobster?

0:19:220:19:26

BUZZER I don't know but look at the size of the fish he's just caught.

0:19:260:19:29

LAUGHTER

0:19:290:19:33

APPLAUSE I don't think the fish was that big, he's just giving it all that.

0:19:330:19:37

-In theory, a lobster can live forever. In theory.

-It's not one of these, is it?

0:19:370:19:43

Yes, it is. The point is, you can't tell the age of a lobster.

0:19:430:19:47

FANFARE AND APPLAUSE

0:19:470:19:51

-So you say you can't tell the age of a lobster?

-No.

0:19:550:19:58

-They shed their actual... The whole skin comes off.

-Did you say lobsters can live forever?

0:19:580:20:04

In theory. The trouble is, we don't know, because they live so far down on the ocean's floor,

0:20:040:20:10

there may be giant submarine-sized lobsters for all we know, but we've never seen them.

0:20:100:20:14

Yes, and they have a special protease-type DNA enzyme called telomerase

0:20:140:20:20

which basically replaces lost DNA during cell division,

0:20:200:20:23

so that their cells remain young and pristine each time they divide.

0:20:230:20:27

Unlike with us, where they just get flabbier and flabbier.

0:20:270:20:31

The largest on record was caught off Nova Scotia in 1977. It was 3.5 foot long from tail to claw.

0:20:310:20:37

-3.5 foot? That's a lot smaller than a submarine.

-Yes, it's a lot smaller than this studio.

0:20:370:20:42

It's a lot smaller than many things, but the largest lobster ever caught.

0:20:420:20:46

-LAUGHTER

-Yeah, Lee!

-Sandi did say they could be as big as a submarine.

0:20:460:20:50

-Sorry, I missed that bit.

-That's all right.

0:20:500:20:53

Just so you know, I didn't randomly say, "3.5 foot, I've got an interesting fact about 3.5 foot,

0:20:530:20:59

"a lot smaller than a submarine. Back to you, Stephen. Beat that with your interesting facts!"

0:20:590:21:05

LAUGHTER AND APPLAUSE It was relevant to what she said. That would be a bonkers way to...

0:21:050:21:09

-I've got slightly too used to you saying rather stupid things.

-LAUGHTER

0:21:090:21:14

-I apologise on bended knees.

-You mean stupid things like

0:21:150:21:19

lobsters can live forever and grow to the size of submarines?

0:21:190:21:23

-What doesn't make sense in the picture is it shouldn't be red.

-Why not?

0:21:230:21:28

Because it's in the water, it should be black. Are they not only red...

0:21:280:21:31

-SIREN BLARES

-You thought it was dead.

0:21:310:21:35

No. The vast majority of lobsters are a sort of darkish colour,

0:21:350:21:39

with little bits of iridescent colours on them, but you can get red ones.

0:21:390:21:43

-Have you ever seen a blue lobster?

-I'm not falling for this again, Stephen.

-Have you?

0:21:430:21:48

-Er, I don't think I have seen one.

-Would you like to see a blue lobster?

-Oh, here we go.

0:21:480:21:52

-Go on. Is it going to hurt?

-There, have a look behind you and you'll see a nice blue lobster.

0:21:520:21:57

Look at that. Every now and again you get a really blue lobster.

0:21:570:22:00

I just think BP have got a lot to answer for. LAUGHTER

0:22:000:22:03

-It looks like it's been sprayed by a vandal.

-It does look like it.

0:22:030:22:06

But Sandi was right about it detaching itself from its old shell.

0:22:060:22:10

It does that 25 times in the first five years of its life.

0:22:100:22:13

And each time it does, it grows by 50 percent. But it's a really odd business and quite dangerous.

0:22:130:22:18

It has to detach itself from its old shell.

0:22:180:22:21

It has teeth inside its stomach and they're part of the exoskeleton

0:22:210:22:25

so the lobster has to pull out the lining of its throat, stomach and anus

0:22:250:22:29

-every time it gets rid of its shell.

-I've had hangovers where I've felt like that.

0:22:290:22:35

LAUGHTER Ohh!

0:22:350:22:37

They also, rather like the people of Doncaster, communicate with each other by urinating.

0:22:370:22:42

LAUGHTER

0:22:420:22:45

-Hang on, why Doncaster?

-I was there with a TV crew on Friday night and there was a lot of weeing.

0:22:450:22:51

-You should have been at Wembley at a cup final.

-It was horrible on the terrace when it used to...

0:22:510:22:56

-It used to rush down the terraces.

-You know how they get the champagne glasses and do that?

0:22:560:23:00

-Yes. Exactly.

-That's where they got the idea from. All bubbling at the bottom.

0:23:000:23:05

In America, you can buy a Stadium Pal. A Stadium Pal.

0:23:050:23:08

-This is a little thing you can pee in.

-It's a thing you attach to yourself and it goes in a bottle.

0:23:080:23:13

And they've developed one for women, but it looks a bit more like a gravy boat. I'm not sure.

0:23:130:23:18

-Now with wings!

-That would be good for long journeys in the car, too.

0:23:180:23:23

-There is a thing you can pee into in the car.

-You pee in a bag.

-Yeah.

0:23:230:23:27

You can pee in a bag anyway, no-one's stopping you.

0:23:270:23:30

If you're not allowed to use a mobile phone in a car, you're not allowed to urinate in a bag.

0:23:300:23:35

-You pull over.

-If you pull over, why don't you go in a tree?

0:23:350:23:38

-Go in a tree?

-In a tree.

0:23:380:23:41

Not in a tree, against a tree. I don't mean carry a woodpecker with you at all times.

0:23:410:23:45

"Tap a hole in there for us!" LAUGHTER

0:23:450:23:49

"Fill it in and on your way!"

0:23:490:23:52

So, the fact is, it's impossible to age a lobster.

0:23:520:23:55

What would they have called this shop in the olden days?

0:23:550:23:59

Well, I'm guessing not an old pork pie shop? That's a bit too easy.

0:23:590:24:04

-How do you pronounce it, you mean?

-How do you pronounce it?

0:24:040:24:07

-BUZZER

-Lee?

-"Yee Old Pork Pie Shopp-ee."

0:24:070:24:11

-SIREN BLARES

-Oh, no!

0:24:110:24:15

-It's... That's not pronounced "Yee."

-OK.

0:24:150:24:18

-It's pronounced...

-BUZZER

-Yeah?

-"Yey!"

-No.

0:24:180:24:21

-Old porkie pie shop.

-No, you said it.

-It's "the".

-Why is it "the"?

0:24:210:24:24

-It's the way they wrote it down, isn't it?

-It's because it's not a Y. It looks like a Y,

0:24:240:24:29

and they used Ys when printing came in. It's an Old English letter from Anglo-Saxon called the thorn,

0:24:290:24:34

which is the letter for a "th", like a Greek theta.

0:24:340:24:37

When printing came in, a lot of them didn't bother making a separate thorn,

0:24:370:24:41

they used the Y cos it was so similar,

0:24:410:24:43

so when they were writing "the", they would put a Y in.

0:24:430:24:46

But they knew to pronounce it "the", and that, much as we do in texts and tweets these days,

0:24:460:24:51

it's been very common for human beings to abbreviate, and they abbreviated "that", to "yt", th't.

0:24:510:24:58

Whenever you see in old churches "ye this" or "ye that" or you see "ye olde" it's actually "the".

0:24:580:25:04

-What about "Old-ee"?

-You don't pronounce the silent "e" on it.

-"Shopp-ee"?

0:25:040:25:08

-Or "Shoppe".

-I haven't got one word right. Here we go, I've got one. Pie?

-Yes!

0:25:080:25:13

-Spot on!

-Get in! Now, how do you say that tricky one in the middle?

0:25:130:25:17

How northern is that? If someone's just flicked onto this show, and said, "Oh, Lee Mack's on."

0:25:170:25:22

And you go, "Pie!" and there's a round of applause. LAUGHTER

0:25:220:25:26

What went up by 57 percent during the Blitz?

0:25:260:25:28

-BUZZER

-Yeah?

0:25:280:25:30

House prices? LAUGHTER

0:25:300:25:34

-They might, but no.

-Was it Mother Brown's knees?

0:25:340:25:37

-By 57 percent?

-They were always up listening to the Cockneys during the Blitz. Always up.

0:25:370:25:44

-The birth rate?

-No.

-Grave robbing?

-Crime.

0:25:440:25:48

-Oh!

-Crime went up a huge amount during the Blitz.

-Sorry, do you count crime as dropping bombs?

0:25:480:25:54

Because if that is listed as a crime, there was a lot of that going on.

0:25:540:25:58

It's not a crime, in acts of war, to do that, unfortunately. But I'm talking about Londoners' crime.

0:25:580:26:04

Mad Frankie Fraser actually said, "It was a tragedy when Hitler surrendered,

0:26:040:26:09

"because wartime London was a criminal's paradise." That's the way he put it.

0:26:090:26:13

All you had to do was get an ARP Warden, you know, like Hodges in Dad's Army,

0:26:130:26:18

"Napoleon!", all that. You put one of those on and people just obey you, and a tin hat with a "W" on it.

0:26:180:26:23

And people would actually help them load their cars with stuff they'd stolen.

0:26:230:26:28

"Here, come here! Help me load this car!" They'd go, "Ooh, yes," because you were a warden.

0:26:280:26:32

-Are you suggesting that's what the Queen Mother was doing in the East End?

-No!

0:26:320:26:37

-My granddad was one of those, an ARP warden.

-Was he?

-Well, he says that.

-Oh, I'm sure he was.

0:26:370:26:42

-So was it mainly looting?

-There was looting, there was also scams.

0:26:420:26:46

There was one fella called Handy who made a claim for his house being bombed, which you got £500,

0:26:460:26:51

19 times before they caught onto him.

0:26:510:26:56

And ordinary people were also committing crimes through ration books.

0:26:560:26:59

People who didn't think of themselves as criminals were black-marketeering,

0:26:590:27:04

or involving themselves in the black market. Generally speaking, it was a very good time to be a criminal,

0:27:040:27:09

because the police and everybody were concerned with bombs falling on houses and incendiary bombs.

0:27:090:27:15

Is there truth in... I read a thing about... A house would be bombed and the people would be dead,

0:27:150:27:20

-people would come and steal watches...

-Oh, yes.

0:27:200:27:22

-It's really grizzly.

-I'm afraid it is. We think of it as our finest hour and the Blitz spirit.

0:27:220:27:28

Unfortunately, there's another side to it. There was a huge amount of bravery and camaraderie

0:27:280:27:34

and communal spirit and so on, but there was also, sadly, the darker side.

0:27:340:27:37

Now, I spy with my little eye, the scores, and how interesting they are.

0:27:370:27:42

In first place, by really quite a long way,

0:27:420:27:45

-is Sandi Toksvig with 12 points!

-CHEERING AND APPLAUSE

0:27:450:27:50

And in second place, with minus four, Jimmy Carr!

0:27:530:27:58

APPLAUSE Oh! Very happy with that.

0:27:580:28:00

Only just in third place, with minus five, Lee Mack!

0:28:020:28:06

APPLAUSE I'll take that. Third. Best I've done.

0:28:060:28:10

And a proud fourth place with double-I, minus 11, is Alan Davies!

0:28:100:28:17

CHEERING AND APPLAUSE

0:28:170:28:20

So, it's thanks to Sandi, Jimmy, Lee and Alan.

0:28:230:28:26

And as Yogi Berra said, "You can observe a lot by watching." Goodnight.

0:28:260:28:31

Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd

0:28:360:28:40

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0:28:400:28:44

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0:28:440:28:44

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