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Balmoral - the Royal Family's holiday home in Scotland. | 0:00:03 | 0:00:08 | |
It is the most private of the Queen's residences, | 0:00:08 | 0:00:11 | |
a romantic retreat, | 0:00:11 | 0:00:12 | |
as far from the formality of state as it could possibly be. | 0:00:12 | 0:00:16 | |
THE QUEEN LAUGHS | 0:00:16 | 0:00:18 | |
It is here that the Royal Family enjoy Balmoral traditions their ancestors created. | 0:00:18 | 0:00:24 | |
From kilts to hunting... | 0:00:24 | 0:00:26 | |
The salad is ready. | 0:00:27 | 0:00:28 | |
..Picnics to porridge. | 0:00:28 | 0:00:30 | |
This retreat is key to the idea of monarchy. | 0:00:30 | 0:00:34 | |
More than any other royal residence, | 0:00:34 | 0:00:36 | |
Balmoral has become a proving ground. | 0:00:36 | 0:00:38 | |
Of those who take the test, | 0:00:38 | 0:00:40 | |
not everyone falls in love with Balmoral. | 0:00:40 | 0:00:43 | |
If you do not like walking in the hills, | 0:00:43 | 0:00:46 | |
if you do not like fishing, if you do not like shooting, | 0:00:46 | 0:00:49 | |
Balmoral is not the ideal place. | 0:00:49 | 0:00:52 | |
It is totally ill-designed for the jet-set. | 0:00:52 | 0:00:56 | |
Balmoral is critical to the Royal Family, | 0:00:56 | 0:01:00 | |
uniting a diverse kingdom. | 0:01:00 | 0:01:02 | |
It is rugged, outdoors, and, in its own way, Scottish. | 0:01:02 | 0:01:06 | |
It was Scottishness, Scottishness everywhere. | 0:01:06 | 0:01:11 | |
It was a tribute to Scottishness in excess. | 0:01:11 | 0:01:13 | |
With Balmoral's tartan vision, | 0:01:15 | 0:01:17 | |
the Royal Family have helped to create Scotland, the historic myth. | 0:01:17 | 0:01:22 | |
In turn, Balmoral has become a sanctuary from modern Britain, | 0:01:22 | 0:01:26 | |
where the monarchy can enjoy an ancient world of royalty. | 0:01:26 | 0:01:31 | |
MUSIC: 'Highland Laddie' | 0:01:45 | 0:01:49 | |
The Highland Gathering at Braemar, Aberdeenshire. | 0:01:57 | 0:02:00 | |
The music is Scottish, the dancing is Scottish, | 0:02:02 | 0:02:05 | |
the event is steeped in Scottish tradition. | 0:02:05 | 0:02:08 | |
Amidst this display, the Royal Family arrive. | 0:02:09 | 0:02:12 | |
None of them was born in Scotland. | 0:02:15 | 0:02:17 | |
Yet they determinedly attend every year, dressed in kilts. | 0:02:17 | 0:02:21 | |
For them, these Scottish ceremonies have become a crucial part of being royal. | 0:02:24 | 0:02:28 | |
Ever since Queen Victoria, | 0:02:35 | 0:02:38 | |
there has been a strong, visceral link, almost, | 0:02:38 | 0:02:41 | |
between the Royal Family and the Scottish background. | 0:02:41 | 0:02:47 | |
They were always convinced that it was a very special relationship. | 0:02:47 | 0:02:51 | |
At the heart of this relationship is Balmoral Castle. | 0:02:52 | 0:02:57 | |
Created as a romantic holiday home, it has come to symbolise much more. | 0:02:59 | 0:03:04 | |
Balmoral celebrates deep rooted values, | 0:03:07 | 0:03:10 | |
which have come to define the very essence of the British monarchy. | 0:03:10 | 0:03:14 | |
Yet at the beginning of the 19th century, | 0:03:14 | 0:03:17 | |
the monarchy didn't care to visit Scotland, | 0:03:17 | 0:03:20 | |
let alone live in the Highlands. | 0:03:20 | 0:03:22 | |
The family love affair with Scotland began with Queen Victoria. | 0:03:23 | 0:03:27 | |
In 1842, she planned an exotic holiday with Prince Albert. | 0:03:27 | 0:03:32 | |
It was their first trip north of the border. | 0:03:32 | 0:03:35 | |
Scotland wasn't part of the mass Victorian tourism in those days, | 0:03:35 | 0:03:39 | |
so Victoria was very much avant garde in going there with Albert. | 0:03:39 | 0:03:43 | |
Once they arrived there, people were delighted to see them. | 0:03:43 | 0:03:46 | |
It was like a monarch going to a hidden part of China today. | 0:03:46 | 0:03:50 | |
People were delighted to see them. | 0:03:50 | 0:03:52 | |
They'd never seen people from London before, let alone the Queen. | 0:03:52 | 0:03:55 | |
The Times declaimed from Edinburgh - | 0:03:55 | 0:03:58 | |
"Nothing is now spoken of | 0:03:58 | 0:03:59 | |
"but the Queen's visit to her ancient kingdom of Scotland. | 0:03:59 | 0:04:03 | |
"It has superseded all other topics of the day". | 0:04:03 | 0:04:06 | |
Victoria and Albert were received by thousands of welcoming Scots, | 0:04:09 | 0:04:13 | |
with a theatrical display of fireworks, balls, | 0:04:13 | 0:04:16 | |
and exaggerated Scottishness. | 0:04:16 | 0:04:19 | |
At Drummond Castle, medieval heraldry was even hired for the visit. | 0:04:19 | 0:04:24 | |
She's also welcomed by 100 tenants who are carrying Lochaber axes, | 0:04:24 | 0:04:29 | |
which is the traditional weapon of the country. | 0:04:29 | 0:04:32 | |
That's an axe on a pole, usually about ten feet high. | 0:04:32 | 0:04:36 | |
Those hadn't been used in battle | 0:04:36 | 0:04:38 | |
since the very beginning of the 18th century. | 0:04:38 | 0:04:40 | |
Even then they were an outmoded weapon. | 0:04:40 | 0:04:43 | |
They showed the immemorial past. | 0:04:43 | 0:04:45 | |
The Highlands as a location of the fey, | 0:04:45 | 0:04:48 | |
the extraordinary, the supernatural, | 0:04:48 | 0:04:51 | |
a strange survival who had strayed into the modern age. | 0:04:51 | 0:04:55 | |
Queen Victoria noted - | 0:04:55 | 0:04:58 | |
"It seemed as if a great chieftain in olden feudal times | 0:04:58 | 0:05:01 | |
"was receiving his sovereign. | 0:05:01 | 0:05:03 | |
"It was princely and romantic". | 0:05:03 | 0:05:06 | |
Victoria was greeted by Scotland at its romantic best. | 0:05:06 | 0:05:10 | |
There was tartan and she said there were maidens dressed in long gowns with flowers in their hair. | 0:05:10 | 0:05:15 | |
It was a beautiful theme park, | 0:05:15 | 0:05:17 | |
and even, it seemed as if the ordinary humble people | 0:05:17 | 0:05:20 | |
lived in far more beauty than anyone ever could. | 0:05:20 | 0:05:23 | |
Victoria immersed herself in every aspect of Scottishness, | 0:05:23 | 0:05:28 | |
much to the delight of the Scots. | 0:05:28 | 0:05:30 | |
She had her first taste of porridge, which she found "very good". | 0:05:30 | 0:05:33 | |
As for Albert, the Scottish mountains and forests reminded him of his native Germany. | 0:05:39 | 0:05:44 | |
For the Royal couple, Scotland was pure romance. | 0:05:44 | 0:05:49 | |
I just think there's something so potent, so irresistible about Highland Scotland, | 0:05:52 | 0:05:58 | |
especially in terms of its sentimentalised version. | 0:05:58 | 0:06:01 | |
It strikes all the senses and emotions, | 0:06:01 | 0:06:04 | |
it strikes the sense of the magic history. | 0:06:04 | 0:06:08 | |
It strikes the human sense and awareness of grandeur of scenery. | 0:06:08 | 0:06:12 | |
This is one of the last true wildernesses of Europe, | 0:06:13 | 0:06:15 | |
which is, if you like, an alternative to | 0:06:15 | 0:06:19 | |
the evils and excesses of urbanism. | 0:06:19 | 0:06:23 | |
I mean, I feel this still today, going up there. | 0:06:23 | 0:06:26 | |
After two further trips, | 0:06:26 | 0:06:29 | |
Victoria and Albert were so seduced by Scotland | 0:06:29 | 0:06:31 | |
that they purchased a holiday home in Aberdeenshire - | 0:06:31 | 0:06:35 | |
Balmoral Castle. | 0:06:35 | 0:06:37 | |
They quickly found it wasn't large enough for the entourage. | 0:06:38 | 0:06:42 | |
In 1852, they began to build an entirely new castle | 0:06:42 | 0:06:46 | |
with a new design. | 0:06:46 | 0:06:48 | |
Balmoral gave Albert the opportunity to create his own vision | 0:06:48 | 0:06:51 | |
of beauty and perfection. | 0:06:51 | 0:06:53 | |
It was a vision that stemmed from a German upbringing. | 0:06:53 | 0:06:57 | |
To me, this Balmoral looks very much like a German castle. | 0:06:57 | 0:07:02 | |
Having been to so many German castles, | 0:07:02 | 0:07:05 | |
and it looks very much like the castles he grew up in. | 0:07:05 | 0:07:09 | |
It has the towers, it has a fairytale element to it. | 0:07:09 | 0:07:13 | |
It's like the Brothers Grimm. | 0:07:13 | 0:07:15 | |
Balmoral's interior too was a romantic adventure, | 0:07:16 | 0:07:20 | |
bedecked with tartan. | 0:07:20 | 0:07:22 | |
This is a sitting room, with tartan carpet and upholstery. | 0:07:22 | 0:07:27 | |
The ballroom was graced with Gothic chandeliers and tartan curtains. | 0:07:27 | 0:07:31 | |
Albert let rip. | 0:07:32 | 0:07:34 | |
It was Scottishness, Scottishness everywhere. | 0:07:34 | 0:07:38 | |
It was a tribute to Scottishness in excess. | 0:07:38 | 0:07:41 | |
There was tartan everywhere. | 0:07:41 | 0:07:43 | |
Everyone complained about the decor, it was tasteless. | 0:07:43 | 0:07:46 | |
Nothing matched. | 0:07:46 | 0:07:48 | |
It was all rather excessively... | 0:07:48 | 0:07:50 | |
A kind of pre-Disney version of Scotland | 0:07:50 | 0:07:52 | |
and Victoria and Albert thought it was marvellous. | 0:07:52 | 0:07:55 | |
Queen Victoria wrote - | 0:07:57 | 0:07:59 | |
"The house is charming, the rooms delightful, | 0:07:59 | 0:08:01 | |
"the furniture, papers, everything perfection". | 0:08:01 | 0:08:06 | |
Yet the tartan paradise they had created was packed with irony. | 0:08:08 | 0:08:13 | |
Tartan was associated with the Scottish royal line, the Stuarts. | 0:08:13 | 0:08:18 | |
Victoria sees herself, as she puts it, as the heir of the Stuarts, | 0:08:18 | 0:08:23 | |
the heir of that unhappy race. | 0:08:23 | 0:08:25 | |
Her Scotland is a Scotland where she is the inheritor | 0:08:25 | 0:08:30 | |
of a long-standing past. | 0:08:30 | 0:08:32 | |
Despite declaring herself a Stuart, | 0:08:35 | 0:08:37 | |
it was Victoria's great-great-grandfather, George II, | 0:08:37 | 0:08:41 | |
who had massacred Stuart supporters, the Jacobites, at Culloden. | 0:08:41 | 0:08:45 | |
He even made the wearing of Stuart symbols of the uprising, such as tartan, illegal. | 0:08:47 | 0:08:53 | |
One Government commentator had it in 1747, | 0:08:58 | 0:09:02 | |
when referring to the Disarming Act, | 0:09:02 | 0:09:04 | |
and particularly to the controls over traditional Highland dress, | 0:09:04 | 0:09:10 | |
"This is an instrument for disarming and undressing those ruffians." | 0:09:10 | 0:09:16 | |
Because these were regarded as, if you like, the sartorial manifestations, | 0:09:16 | 0:09:22 | |
the manifestations in dress, of disaffection, | 0:09:22 | 0:09:25 | |
of rebellion, | 0:09:25 | 0:09:27 | |
of treason. | 0:09:27 | 0:09:29 | |
By the end of the 18th century, as well as state oppression, | 0:09:31 | 0:09:34 | |
Highland people saw massive agricultural change | 0:09:34 | 0:09:37 | |
and brutal evictions from their land. | 0:09:37 | 0:09:40 | |
When you go to the Highlands today, | 0:09:40 | 0:09:43 | |
people always comment upon it as a beautiful wilderness, | 0:09:43 | 0:09:46 | |
but it's far from a beautiful wilderness. | 0:09:46 | 0:09:49 | |
It's a derelict, derelict landscape. | 0:09:49 | 0:09:52 | |
In Highland Scotland, because you didn't get industrialisation, | 0:09:53 | 0:09:57 | |
because you didn't get an alternative to land, | 0:09:57 | 0:10:00 | |
it eventually brought distress, destitution, | 0:10:00 | 0:10:03 | |
mass emigration, famine. | 0:10:03 | 0:10:05 | |
Some Scots rejected the dereliction | 0:10:17 | 0:10:19 | |
by romanticising the old world of the rebellious Jacobites. | 0:10:19 | 0:10:23 | |
No-one did more to reinvent the past and glamorise Highland culture | 0:10:23 | 0:10:27 | |
than the writer Sir Walter Scott, | 0:10:27 | 0:10:30 | |
author of Waverley, Ivanhoe and Rob Roy. | 0:10:30 | 0:10:33 | |
There's plenty of passages that I think it is utterly forgivable | 0:10:34 | 0:10:38 | |
to let your eye glide over. | 0:10:38 | 0:10:39 | |
There's some descriptions of heather | 0:10:39 | 0:10:42 | |
that I don't think I've ever quite read through entirely. | 0:10:42 | 0:10:45 | |
"Where glistening streamers waved and danced, | 0:10:45 | 0:10:48 | |
"the wanderer's eye could barely view. | 0:10:48 | 0:10:51 | |
"The summer heaven's delicious blue | 0:10:51 | 0:10:53 | |
"so wondrous wild, | 0:10:53 | 0:10:55 | |
"the whole might seem the scenery of a fairy dream. | 0:10:55 | 0:10:59 | |
Walter Scott himself remarked | 0:11:01 | 0:11:04 | |
that what makes Scotland Scotland is fast disappearing. | 0:11:04 | 0:11:08 | |
Henry Lord Cockburn, the great intellectual lawyer - | 0:11:08 | 0:11:11 | |
"This is the last truly Scotch age". | 0:11:11 | 0:11:15 | |
So there was a hunt on, if you like, | 0:11:15 | 0:11:18 | |
to retain a sense of cultural identity, | 0:11:18 | 0:11:20 | |
while at the same time retaining the union. | 0:11:20 | 0:11:23 | |
By the early 1800s, | 0:11:24 | 0:11:26 | |
Scotland had become an intellectual and economic powerhouse. | 0:11:26 | 0:11:30 | |
But Walter Scott created an intoxicating image of pastoral romance. | 0:11:30 | 0:11:35 | |
In London, the young Victoria had become obsessed by Scott's vision. | 0:11:37 | 0:11:41 | |
The first novel she ever read was his Bride Of Lammermoor. | 0:11:42 | 0:11:47 | |
There's no question | 0:11:47 | 0:11:49 | |
that Sir Walter Scott, sort of, lit the fire in Victoria's heart | 0:11:49 | 0:11:54 | |
that developed into her great love of Scotland. | 0:11:54 | 0:11:57 | |
We think of this, sort of, dumpy little widow | 0:11:57 | 0:12:00 | |
but that wasn't the young Queen at all. | 0:12:00 | 0:12:03 | |
She was passionate about everything | 0:12:03 | 0:12:05 | |
and the moment she saw it, she felt she'd come home. | 0:12:05 | 0:12:09 | |
I think Sir Walter Scott created in her | 0:12:09 | 0:12:13 | |
a curiosity to see Scotland that led her there maybe the sooner. | 0:12:13 | 0:12:18 | |
Her new husband, Prince Albert, also loved reading Scott's novels. | 0:12:21 | 0:12:25 | |
In Germany, editions had been pirated they were so popular. | 0:12:25 | 0:12:29 | |
Throughout Europe, a new romanticism took hold. | 0:12:31 | 0:12:35 | |
One German composer, Mendelssohn, had fallen in love with Scotland | 0:12:35 | 0:12:39 | |
and befriended Victoria and Albert. | 0:12:39 | 0:12:41 | |
Mendelssohn's Fingal's Cave is a fantasia on Scottish themes. | 0:12:43 | 0:12:48 | |
And I think that phrase "a fantasia on Scottish themes" | 0:12:48 | 0:12:51 | |
summarises the whole project that Scotland was going through | 0:12:51 | 0:12:54 | |
in the 19th century, from the Waverley novels to Balmoral - | 0:12:54 | 0:12:59 | |
these were fantasias on Scottish themes. | 0:12:59 | 0:13:01 | |
By 1855, the newly-built Balmoral | 0:13:01 | 0:13:05 | |
was ready to be lived in by its royal owners. | 0:13:05 | 0:13:08 | |
Amidst this Scottish fantasy, Victoria's diary entries lengthened, | 0:13:08 | 0:13:13 | |
reflecting her deep passion for Balmoral. | 0:13:13 | 0:13:16 | |
"Every year my heart becomes more fixed in this dear paradise, | 0:13:16 | 0:13:21 | |
"and so much more so now, | 0:13:21 | 0:13:22 | |
"that all has become my dearest Albert's own creation, | 0:13:22 | 0:13:25 | |
"own work, own building, own laying out." | 0:13:25 | 0:13:30 | |
But not everyone thought it to be the paradise she did. | 0:13:30 | 0:13:35 | |
Lady-in-Waiting Augusta Bruce observed with reticence - | 0:13:35 | 0:13:39 | |
"a certain absence of harmony of the whole". | 0:13:39 | 0:13:43 | |
Well, looking at old photographs, | 0:13:43 | 0:13:45 | |
Victorian Balmoral was slightly cluttered, | 0:13:45 | 0:13:47 | |
like all of Victoria's palaces and spaces. | 0:13:47 | 0:13:50 | |
It was full of antlers and deers' heads everywhere, | 0:13:50 | 0:13:54 | |
particularly in the hall. | 0:13:54 | 0:13:56 | |
Some of the rooms were terribly small, | 0:13:56 | 0:13:58 | |
so that people who went to stay there were shoved into these tiny rooms. | 0:13:58 | 0:14:02 | |
Particularly at the beginning, you'd get ministers complaining | 0:14:02 | 0:14:05 | |
they were forced to write their dispatches on their bed | 0:14:05 | 0:14:08 | |
because there's no desk in their room, | 0:14:08 | 0:14:10 | |
and you know, it's such a tiny space! | 0:14:10 | 0:14:14 | |
Comparing it to another royal home, politician Lord Rosebery observed - | 0:14:14 | 0:14:19 | |
"The drawing room at Osborne was the ugliest in the world | 0:14:19 | 0:14:23 | |
"until I saw the one at Balmoral". | 0:14:23 | 0:14:25 | |
I personally think Balmoral is a gruesome house. | 0:14:27 | 0:14:30 | |
Totally charmless. | 0:14:30 | 0:14:32 | |
No grandeur, no distinction. | 0:14:32 | 0:14:36 | |
Big, ugly, dull, oppressive. | 0:14:36 | 0:14:40 | |
But for Victoria, it was a dream house | 0:14:41 | 0:14:44 | |
in which she could play out her fantasy. | 0:14:44 | 0:14:47 | |
I think in Balmoral Victoria was making a Waverley novel you could live in. | 0:14:48 | 0:14:54 | |
From the exterior to the decoration inside. | 0:14:54 | 0:14:59 | |
I think Scott would've loved Balmoral. | 0:14:59 | 0:15:01 | |
It's such a shame that he didn't live to see it. | 0:15:01 | 0:15:03 | |
He would probably have made it even more romantic and slightly phoney. | 0:15:03 | 0:15:09 | |
The Royal Family had also been attracted to some Spartan conditions. | 0:15:10 | 0:15:15 | |
The outside cold could drop as low as -27 degrees centigrade, | 0:15:15 | 0:15:19 | |
giving the monarchy the chance to battle the elements. | 0:15:19 | 0:15:22 | |
One of the interesting things about Balmoral is it's absolutely freezing. | 0:15:23 | 0:15:27 | |
Braemar is, which is of course very, very close indeed to Balmoral, | 0:15:27 | 0:15:31 | |
is the coldest part of Great Britain. | 0:15:31 | 0:15:34 | |
So it is a very, very, very cold place. | 0:15:34 | 0:15:38 | |
So it was a brave place to choose | 0:15:38 | 0:15:40 | |
and certainly was in its own way a struggle with nature | 0:15:40 | 0:15:43 | |
on the part of the Royal Family. | 0:15:43 | 0:15:44 | |
Victoria loved the cold. | 0:15:47 | 0:15:49 | |
There was nothing more Victoria liked than a nice chilly day. | 0:15:49 | 0:15:54 | |
In fact, she would constantly throw the windows open all the time, | 0:15:54 | 0:15:58 | |
leaving the ladies in waiting shivering in their fine silks. | 0:15:58 | 0:16:01 | |
In fact the Tsar claimed Balmoral was colder than the wastes of Siberia | 0:16:01 | 0:16:06 | |
and Lord Clarendon claimed he had frostbite in his feet | 0:16:06 | 0:16:08 | |
from having to be in Balmoral, because it was just so cold. | 0:16:08 | 0:16:12 | |
It's always raining there. | 0:16:12 | 0:16:13 | |
It rains morning, noon and night. | 0:16:13 | 0:16:16 | |
It just rains horizontally, seldom vertically. | 0:16:16 | 0:16:19 | |
They have rude rain up there, as the locals call it. | 0:16:19 | 0:16:22 | |
It doesn't go round you, it goes through you. | 0:16:22 | 0:16:24 | |
The rain there circulates in the air for hours at a time. | 0:16:24 | 0:16:28 | |
It just blows horizontally and doesn't ever touch the ground, | 0:16:28 | 0:16:32 | |
so you can meet the same squall two or three times in the same day. | 0:16:32 | 0:16:35 | |
Miserable place. | 0:16:35 | 0:16:37 | |
Victoria relished conquering the cold | 0:16:38 | 0:16:41 | |
on her frequent walks in the hills. | 0:16:41 | 0:16:43 | |
Austere picnics were almost a daily occurrence. | 0:16:43 | 0:16:47 | |
"We sat on a very precipitous place | 0:16:47 | 0:16:50 | |
"and here, at a little before two o'clock, we lunched. | 0:16:50 | 0:16:53 | |
"The luncheon was very acceptable, for the air was extremely keen." | 0:16:53 | 0:16:57 | |
Well, they went out in all weather, | 0:17:00 | 0:17:02 | |
on pony rides, on picnics, on these great expeditions. | 0:17:02 | 0:17:08 | |
I mean, Queen Victoria wrote about it at length, | 0:17:08 | 0:17:10 | |
describing these wonderful, rather romantic expeditions. | 0:17:10 | 0:17:14 | |
The reality was it was terribly cold and when it wasn't cold, there were awful midges. | 0:17:14 | 0:17:18 | |
On these excursions, the Royal Family would meet the locals. | 0:17:19 | 0:17:23 | |
Albert thought the Highlanders looked like Germans. | 0:17:23 | 0:17:26 | |
"The people are more natural and are marked by their honesty and sympathy, | 0:17:26 | 0:17:31 | |
"which always distinguish the inhabitants of mountainous countries, | 0:17:31 | 0:17:34 | |
"who live far away from towns." | 0:17:34 | 0:17:36 | |
The locals, for their part, seemed only too happy to wear the kilt, | 0:17:37 | 0:17:41 | |
to put on a display of Scottishness for their Queen. | 0:17:41 | 0:17:44 | |
I think Victoria's clear, authentic love of Scotland | 0:17:44 | 0:17:49 | |
plays very well in Scotland. | 0:17:49 | 0:17:52 | |
It's going to be a very... | 0:17:52 | 0:17:54 | |
She's bound to be a very popular figure because of that. | 0:17:54 | 0:17:57 | |
And she is. I don't think there's any doubt about that. | 0:17:57 | 0:18:00 | |
Scotland was also moulding Victoria and Albert. | 0:18:01 | 0:18:05 | |
Within the walls of Balmoral, | 0:18:05 | 0:18:06 | |
they wanted to re-invent themselves as Scots. | 0:18:06 | 0:18:09 | |
The tartan extended from Balmoral's carpets to the royal attire. | 0:18:13 | 0:18:17 | |
Even the workers were required to wear plaid. | 0:18:17 | 0:18:19 | |
Yes, Queen Victoria and Albert were 50 years behind the times | 0:18:22 | 0:18:26 | |
when it came to fashion | 0:18:26 | 0:18:27 | |
and that continues in the Royal Family to this day in many ways. | 0:18:27 | 0:18:31 | |
It was a sort of perhaps historical thinking or traditional thinking, | 0:18:31 | 0:18:36 | |
they didn't want to be fashionable, | 0:18:36 | 0:18:38 | |
they didn't want to compete with London society. | 0:18:38 | 0:18:42 | |
The family apparently took to wearing kilts for dinner | 0:18:42 | 0:18:45 | |
and Albert designed his own special tartans just for the pair of them. | 0:18:45 | 0:18:50 | |
And this is almost a type of patriotism, | 0:18:50 | 0:18:53 | |
because until then the best fashions were always French fashions, | 0:18:53 | 0:18:57 | |
and here was Victoria saying, "We don't want French chefs. | 0:18:57 | 0:19:01 | |
"We don't want French fashions, French lace, all this stuff. | 0:19:01 | 0:19:04 | |
"I want tartan and I want porridge". | 0:19:04 | 0:19:07 | |
Balmoral gave the monarchy the opportunity | 0:19:07 | 0:19:10 | |
not only to create their own style, | 0:19:10 | 0:19:12 | |
but reinvent the world in which they lived. | 0:19:12 | 0:19:15 | |
Far from the riots and stench of London, | 0:19:15 | 0:19:17 | |
they could create a new model society. | 0:19:17 | 0:19:21 | |
Balmoral gives them a chance to run a sort of medieval fairytale | 0:19:21 | 0:19:27 | |
in many ways because they can exert patronage, | 0:19:27 | 0:19:30 | |
there are peasant people living around, | 0:19:30 | 0:19:33 | |
they can visit them in their huts. | 0:19:33 | 0:19:35 | |
It's escapism. | 0:19:35 | 0:19:38 | |
Courtier Charles Greville remembered the daily activities of the Queen. | 0:19:38 | 0:19:42 | |
"She is running in and out of the house all day long | 0:19:42 | 0:19:45 | |
"and often goes about alone, | 0:19:45 | 0:19:47 | |
"walks in to the cottages and sits down and chats with the old women." | 0:19:47 | 0:19:51 | |
There was a huge nostalgia in the 1830s and 40s for the Middle Ages, | 0:19:52 | 0:19:58 | |
for the dream of order, for the wholesome feudal loyalties | 0:19:58 | 0:20:03 | |
that had existed in the Middle Ages. | 0:20:03 | 0:20:05 | |
So Queen Victoria was going up | 0:20:05 | 0:20:07 | |
and seeing all these marvellous Scottish epic things | 0:20:07 | 0:20:10 | |
and saying, "This is what I like, | 0:20:10 | 0:20:14 | |
"because it helps the whole business of loyalty to the crown." | 0:20:14 | 0:20:18 | |
And the crown is part of that great tradition. | 0:20:18 | 0:20:21 | |
Nowhere was this feudalism more evident than at the Highland Games. | 0:20:24 | 0:20:28 | |
"Throwing the hammer, tossing the caber, putting the stone. | 0:20:28 | 0:20:33 | |
"We gave prizes to the three best in each of the games." | 0:20:33 | 0:20:37 | |
Victoria and Albert were great fans of the Highland Games, | 0:20:37 | 0:20:40 | |
hail, hearty subjects throwing things around | 0:20:40 | 0:20:43 | |
and seeming as if this was the epitome of British strength. | 0:20:43 | 0:20:46 | |
They could just chuck cabers and that sort of thing, | 0:20:46 | 0:20:49 | |
it was all perfect. | 0:20:49 | 0:20:50 | |
Victoria herself was, kind of, almost like some kind of chieftain. | 0:20:50 | 0:20:54 | |
I am the Queen, but I'm also the tartan-clad chieftain of all of you. | 0:20:54 | 0:20:59 | |
I think with Victoria and the Highland Games, | 0:21:00 | 0:21:02 | |
you have an idea of honorary feudalism. | 0:21:02 | 0:21:05 | |
It is to an extent dressing up and playing the role. | 0:21:05 | 0:21:09 | |
There's no real power there. | 0:21:09 | 0:21:11 | |
I mean, if you think about it by analogy, | 0:21:11 | 0:21:13 | |
it's perfectly safe to dress up as a Viking or a Jacobite | 0:21:13 | 0:21:17 | |
or a knight from the Middle Ages. | 0:21:17 | 0:21:20 | |
It's only in these, kind of, dead costumes | 0:21:21 | 0:21:25 | |
that the ceremonial can find its chance to relive the days of power. | 0:21:25 | 0:21:30 | |
Balmoral also provided another theatrical backdrop | 0:21:33 | 0:21:36 | |
against which to play the role of a royal - the animal kingdom. | 0:21:36 | 0:21:40 | |
Victoria loved animals and nature. | 0:21:41 | 0:21:44 | |
As a little girl, she'd loved her ponies. | 0:21:44 | 0:21:46 | |
She'd loved her animals, as do our current Royal Family. | 0:21:46 | 0:21:49 | |
And there were animals everywhere. There were stags all over the place. | 0:21:49 | 0:21:53 | |
This was a place of great nature. | 0:21:53 | 0:21:55 | |
As for Albert... | 0:21:57 | 0:21:58 | |
HE LAUGHS | 0:22:01 | 0:22:02 | |
Albert was an extraordinarily bad hunter. | 0:22:02 | 0:22:06 | |
He went out on a day's deer hunting and came back with a hare. | 0:22:06 | 0:22:10 | |
He got himself portrayed spearing salmon with a leister, with a fish spear, | 0:22:11 | 0:22:17 | |
which is one of the most difficult ways you can have to catch fish. | 0:22:17 | 0:22:21 | |
He was reliving the past in doing that. | 0:22:21 | 0:22:23 | |
Once he got so frustrated that when he was at breakfast with his host | 0:22:23 | 0:22:27 | |
and his tame stag came to the window to be fed, Albert shot him. | 0:22:27 | 0:22:31 | |
He didn't go in for the rather more delicate British habit of just killing the occasional thing. | 0:22:36 | 0:22:41 | |
He wanted a massacre. | 0:22:41 | 0:22:42 | |
The stag is first used as a symbol of the Stuart dynasty under siege | 0:22:51 | 0:22:55 | |
in Denham Cooper's Hill, where the killing of the stag | 0:22:55 | 0:22:58 | |
is symbolically seen as the killing or the attack on Charles I. | 0:22:58 | 0:23:02 | |
So in actually hunting the deer in Scotland, | 0:23:03 | 0:23:06 | |
was both in a sense symbolically killing off the Stuart dynasty, | 0:23:06 | 0:23:10 | |
but realising the inheritance of the Scottish Royal Family | 0:23:10 | 0:23:15 | |
back to its earliest foundation myths. | 0:23:15 | 0:23:17 | |
Albert's conquests of nature were presented to the monarch, | 0:23:18 | 0:23:22 | |
as immortalised in oil paintings. | 0:23:22 | 0:23:24 | |
The English artist Landseer created the ideal stag | 0:23:25 | 0:23:29 | |
in the Monarch Of The Glen. | 0:23:29 | 0:23:30 | |
I think nobility, dignity, honour, integrity. | 0:23:30 | 0:23:34 | |
The stag possesses all these things | 0:23:34 | 0:23:36 | |
and the hunter, in pursuing them, is outwitting the creature | 0:23:36 | 0:23:41 | |
and the difficulty in outwitting the creature | 0:23:41 | 0:23:44 | |
is an important part of that. | 0:23:44 | 0:23:46 | |
And Landseer and Victoria got on very well. | 0:23:47 | 0:23:49 | |
Landseer is important in nurturing | 0:23:49 | 0:23:53 | |
that Highland sensibility in Victoria. | 0:23:53 | 0:23:56 | |
He instructs Victoria in drawing and watercolour. | 0:23:56 | 0:24:00 | |
So Landseer's painting just becomes part of the package of the Highlands for Victoria | 0:24:03 | 0:24:09 | |
that calls to mind everything about the Highlands that she values. | 0:24:09 | 0:24:12 | |
STAG BELLOWS | 0:24:12 | 0:24:15 | |
Balmoral has even given us a new term, | 0:24:15 | 0:24:17 | |
coined in Victorian times - Balmorality. | 0:24:17 | 0:24:20 | |
Signifying a combination of patronage, respectability, | 0:24:20 | 0:24:25 | |
Scottishness and the great outdoors. | 0:24:25 | 0:24:28 | |
Balmorality, a very important concept, | 0:24:29 | 0:24:32 | |
because, as has been often said, | 0:24:32 | 0:24:35 | |
the crown is the symbol of ourselves behaving well, | 0:24:35 | 0:24:38 | |
and if people who have the crown upon their heads behave badly, | 0:24:38 | 0:24:43 | |
it shakes the whole foundations of the throne and of the monarchy. | 0:24:43 | 0:24:48 | |
It was the values of moderation and respectability | 0:24:50 | 0:24:53 | |
that enamoured Victoria to the Presbyterian Scots. | 0:24:53 | 0:24:57 | |
She was respected, | 0:24:57 | 0:24:59 | |
because she was a mother. | 0:24:59 | 0:25:02 | |
She was serious. | 0:25:03 | 0:25:05 | |
She seemed to embody the values | 0:25:05 | 0:25:07 | |
that particularly middle class Scotland agreed with, | 0:25:07 | 0:25:11 | |
so she was very much an icon | 0:25:11 | 0:25:15 | |
and she was incredibly popular. | 0:25:15 | 0:25:17 | |
Balmoral's influence spread far. | 0:25:17 | 0:25:20 | |
In Victoria's wake, English aristocrats adopted her rituals in Scotland. | 0:25:20 | 0:25:26 | |
I remember once seeing on the front of Tatler, | 0:25:26 | 0:25:28 | |
after a particularly grievous general election result in the 1990s, | 0:25:28 | 0:25:32 | |
seeing this headline which said, | 0:25:32 | 0:25:34 | |
"How We love Our Highland Playground." | 0:25:34 | 0:25:37 | |
And, you know, this has been the attitude | 0:25:37 | 0:25:40 | |
of the high British establishment to Scotland | 0:25:40 | 0:25:43 | |
ever since Victoria's day, | 0:25:43 | 0:25:45 | |
that Scotland is this little bit on the edge where you go in August, | 0:25:45 | 0:25:48 | |
and where you shoot and where there's lots and lots of empty land with nobody much in it, | 0:25:48 | 0:25:53 | |
and where one has one's shooting and hunting and fishing kind of holiday. | 0:25:53 | 0:25:58 | |
As novelist Anthony Trollope would later write, | 0:25:58 | 0:26:01 | |
in the shooting season, dukes were | 0:26:01 | 0:26:03 | |
"more plentiful than in Pall Mall". | 0:26:03 | 0:26:07 | |
The middle class English, too, were keen to explore this new landscape. | 0:26:17 | 0:26:21 | |
Thomas Cook tours to Scotland started in 1846, | 0:26:21 | 0:26:25 | |
with hundreds flocking to see the world of Walter Scott | 0:26:25 | 0:26:29 | |
and now Queen Victoria. | 0:26:29 | 0:26:31 | |
Balmoral had helped create a Highland brand. | 0:26:34 | 0:26:37 | |
Rather than a modern industrialised nation, | 0:26:38 | 0:26:41 | |
Scotland had become dramatic glens and Highland cattle. | 0:26:41 | 0:26:45 | |
I think Victoria and Albert popularised that romantic conception of the Highlands tremendously. | 0:26:47 | 0:26:52 | |
By buying Balmoral and remodelling it the way she did | 0:26:52 | 0:26:55 | |
and her repeatedly coming back to Scotland, | 0:26:55 | 0:26:58 | |
and the value that she placed on Scotland, | 0:26:58 | 0:27:01 | |
it gave tremendous impetus to that Highland identity. | 0:27:01 | 0:27:04 | |
The tartan industry also took off. By covering Balmoral with tartan | 0:27:05 | 0:27:09 | |
and adorning those around her within it, | 0:27:09 | 0:27:12 | |
Victoria promoted the once illegal Highland dress. | 0:27:12 | 0:27:15 | |
You know, if the most famous Scotsman in the world nowadays | 0:27:17 | 0:27:20 | |
is a character from the Simpsons that wears a kilt, | 0:27:20 | 0:27:23 | |
has red hair, a fiery temper and drinks too much whisky, | 0:27:23 | 0:27:27 | |
we can't wholly blame Scott and Victoria for that, | 0:27:27 | 0:27:30 | |
but they certainly set the preconditions | 0:27:30 | 0:27:33 | |
whereby that idea of Scottishness became an international brand. | 0:27:33 | 0:27:39 | |
Balmoral had also become a symbol of the union of the two countries, | 0:27:39 | 0:27:43 | |
empowering both the monarchy and Scotland. | 0:27:43 | 0:27:45 | |
This is perhaps unique to Victoria's reign that by her period, | 0:27:47 | 0:27:51 | |
the monarchy had become an additional keystone, | 0:27:51 | 0:27:54 | |
an additional important support of union | 0:27:54 | 0:27:56 | |
in a way in which monarchy had not been before, | 0:27:56 | 0:28:00 | |
because there was this kind of symbolic representation of Britishness on the one hand, | 0:28:00 | 0:28:04 | |
but the great thing for the Scots was that she was proud of, | 0:28:04 | 0:28:08 | |
and tried in a sense, in a very explicit sense, | 0:28:08 | 0:28:13 | |
not only by her visitation but by her love for Scotland, | 0:28:13 | 0:28:16 | |
to recognise Scotland's identity within the union. | 0:28:16 | 0:28:20 | |
In 1861, Prince Albert became seriously ill. | 0:28:24 | 0:28:28 | |
As Albert lay dying, | 0:28:28 | 0:28:29 | |
Victoria read him Walter Scott's Peveril Of The Peak. | 0:28:29 | 0:28:34 | |
There's a very touching copy of the Waverley novels in the Windsor library, | 0:28:36 | 0:28:40 | |
where you can see the copy of Peveril of the Peak | 0:28:40 | 0:28:42 | |
that she was reading to Albert on his deathbed | 0:28:42 | 0:28:45 | |
and they put a black border round the very page that he died on. | 0:28:45 | 0:28:49 | |
It's not a very good page. | 0:28:49 | 0:28:50 | |
You can see why he didn't want to get to the end of the book. | 0:28:50 | 0:28:54 | |
While Victoria grieved for Albert, | 0:28:56 | 0:28:58 | |
Aberdeen churches prayed for the Queen in her bereavement. | 0:28:58 | 0:29:01 | |
Well, after Albert died, Queen Victoria was devastated | 0:29:03 | 0:29:07 | |
and that meant she really refused to accept that anything moved on | 0:29:07 | 0:29:10 | |
or changed after Albert died. | 0:29:10 | 0:29:12 | |
And so Balmoral became a kind of museum. | 0:29:12 | 0:29:17 | |
Balmoral became much more a joyless place | 0:29:17 | 0:29:19 | |
and the children, certainly the Prince of Wales, | 0:29:19 | 0:29:22 | |
used to rather hate going there, | 0:29:22 | 0:29:24 | |
because it was all so strict and regimented and gloomy. | 0:29:24 | 0:29:29 | |
Visitors were similarly ill at ease | 0:29:29 | 0:29:31 | |
with the sombre atmosphere of Balmoral. | 0:29:31 | 0:29:34 | |
Politician Henry Campbell-Bannerman remarked, | 0:29:35 | 0:29:39 | |
"It is the funniest life conceivable, like a convent. | 0:29:39 | 0:29:43 | |
"We meet at meals and when we have finished, each is off to his cell". | 0:29:43 | 0:29:47 | |
For Tsar Nicholas II - | 0:29:47 | 0:29:49 | |
"The weather is awful. | 0:29:49 | 0:29:51 | |
"Rain and wind every day and on top of it, no luck at all. | 0:29:51 | 0:29:54 | |
"I haven't killed a stag yet". | 0:29:54 | 0:29:56 | |
STAGS BELLOW | 0:29:56 | 0:29:59 | |
For the rest of her life, Victoria retreated more and more to Balmoral. | 0:30:01 | 0:30:05 | |
Away from state and society, | 0:30:05 | 0:30:08 | |
she found comfort in the world of Balmorality | 0:30:08 | 0:30:10 | |
she had created with Albert. | 0:30:10 | 0:30:12 | |
On 22 January 1901, the hands on the local church were stopped at 6:30pm. | 0:30:13 | 0:30:20 | |
Queen Victoria had died. | 0:30:20 | 0:30:22 | |
It was the end of an era. | 0:30:24 | 0:30:26 | |
But Victoria could never have predicted | 0:30:26 | 0:30:29 | |
how Balmoral would become a testing ground | 0:30:29 | 0:30:31 | |
for all future royal behaviour, | 0:30:31 | 0:30:33 | |
including that of the new King. | 0:30:33 | 0:30:35 | |
I suppose Edward VII's main enjoyments | 0:30:37 | 0:30:39 | |
were fornication and food. | 0:30:39 | 0:30:43 | |
There was plenty of food at Balmoral, | 0:30:43 | 0:30:45 | |
but not much in the way of fornication, | 0:30:45 | 0:30:47 | |
and I think he was grateful to get back to London. | 0:30:47 | 0:30:50 | |
His figure did not allow him to do anything very energetic. | 0:30:50 | 0:30:54 | |
He enjoyed shooting, but very kind of static shooting. | 0:30:54 | 0:30:58 | |
And to imagine King Edward VII crawling over the hills | 0:31:00 | 0:31:05 | |
in search of a stag is very hard to conceive. | 0:31:05 | 0:31:08 | |
Edward VII was the antithesis of Balmorality. | 0:31:09 | 0:31:14 | |
He wasn't called Edward the Caresser for nothing. | 0:31:14 | 0:31:16 | |
He was a prince of pleasure, he was... | 0:31:16 | 0:31:21 | |
Kipling called him a corpulent voluptuary | 0:31:21 | 0:31:24 | |
and I think he was the opposite of his mother in that sense. | 0:31:24 | 0:31:29 | |
He lived for pleasure rather than for duty. | 0:31:29 | 0:31:32 | |
Rather than reading Sir Walter Scott, | 0:31:33 | 0:31:35 | |
the King described Balmoral's library | 0:31:35 | 0:31:38 | |
as "the mausoleum of the great unread". | 0:31:38 | 0:31:41 | |
I think that Edward VII insisted on very strict standards of behaviour | 0:31:41 | 0:31:45 | |
when he became king. | 0:31:45 | 0:31:46 | |
But, of course, there's always a slight sort of double standard, | 0:31:46 | 0:31:49 | |
because at the same time as this is going on, | 0:31:49 | 0:31:52 | |
everybody knows and it's public knowledge | 0:31:52 | 0:31:54 | |
that the king has a sort of official mistress in the shape of Mrs Keppel. | 0:31:54 | 0:31:58 | |
She doesn't stay at Balmoral I don't think, | 0:31:58 | 0:32:00 | |
but she often comes over to lunch at Balmoral. | 0:32:00 | 0:32:03 | |
So I think with Edward VII it was all about public appearances. | 0:32:03 | 0:32:08 | |
Edward VII hadn't lived up to the Victorian rules of Balmoral. | 0:32:08 | 0:32:13 | |
But his son, George V, was perfectly suited to uphold Balmorality. | 0:32:13 | 0:32:18 | |
George V was, of all the 20th century monarchs, | 0:32:18 | 0:32:24 | |
the one to whom Balmoral meant most, I think. | 0:32:24 | 0:32:29 | |
He was probably the most conservative with a small C monarch | 0:32:29 | 0:32:34 | |
that there has been for... | 0:32:34 | 0:32:35 | |
Except perhaps for Queen Victoria in her declining years, | 0:32:35 | 0:32:39 | |
there has been no British monarch | 0:32:39 | 0:32:42 | |
that's come within striking distance of him | 0:32:42 | 0:32:45 | |
for total rooted, dogmatic conservatism. | 0:32:45 | 0:32:50 | |
"I love a gun, but I am never so happy | 0:32:52 | 0:32:56 | |
"as when I am fishing the pools of the Dee, | 0:32:56 | 0:32:59 | |
"with a long day before me." | 0:32:59 | 0:33:01 | |
With George V, there's a big change in the atmosphere. | 0:33:05 | 0:33:08 | |
Lord Esher, who is one of Edward VII's, sort of, favourite courtiers | 0:33:08 | 0:33:12 | |
and was at Balmoral a lot with Edward VII, | 0:33:12 | 0:33:16 | |
and he said the first time that he went there, | 0:33:16 | 0:33:18 | |
"It's now totally domestic, and it's too awful | 0:33:18 | 0:33:21 | |
"because Queen Mary spends her evenings knitting." | 0:33:21 | 0:33:24 | |
In 1936 Balmoral was to be shaken once again | 0:33:25 | 0:33:29 | |
with the new king, Edward VIII. | 0:33:29 | 0:33:31 | |
He was more at home with the French Riviera and London cocktail parties | 0:33:33 | 0:33:37 | |
than he was at Balmoral. | 0:33:37 | 0:33:39 | |
If you do not like walking in the hills, | 0:33:41 | 0:33:43 | |
if you do not like fishing, | 0:33:43 | 0:33:45 | |
if you do not like stalking, if you do not like shooting, | 0:33:45 | 0:33:48 | |
Balmoral is not the ideal place. | 0:33:48 | 0:33:51 | |
It is totally ill-designed for the jet-set. | 0:33:51 | 0:33:57 | |
King Edward VIII was a jet-set before there were jets, | 0:33:57 | 0:33:59 | |
he was a walking jet-set, | 0:33:59 | 0:34:01 | |
and there was no place in Balmoral | 0:34:01 | 0:34:04 | |
where the jet-set could be accommodated. | 0:34:04 | 0:34:06 | |
Edward also rejected the Balmoral code of respectability | 0:34:08 | 0:34:11 | |
by immersing himself in a love affair | 0:34:11 | 0:34:13 | |
with American socialite, Wallis Simpson. | 0:34:13 | 0:34:17 | |
In contrast, his younger brother Albert, | 0:34:18 | 0:34:21 | |
the future King George VI, | 0:34:21 | 0:34:23 | |
loved the outdoor life, predictability and stability | 0:34:23 | 0:34:26 | |
that Balmoral provided. | 0:34:26 | 0:34:29 | |
Albert also loved all things Scottish, | 0:34:29 | 0:34:32 | |
and in particular, Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, | 0:34:32 | 0:34:35 | |
daughter of the Earl of Strathmore. | 0:34:35 | 0:34:36 | |
Unlike the urban Wallis Simpson, Elizabeth was a natural Balmoralite. | 0:34:36 | 0:34:43 | |
She embraced Scottish country life and everything it had to offer. | 0:34:43 | 0:34:47 | |
She was taught to fish by one of her father's gillies | 0:34:47 | 0:34:50 | |
when she was very young | 0:34:50 | 0:34:51 | |
and she became an expert fly fisher. | 0:34:51 | 0:34:54 | |
In fact she often got fish bones stuck in her throat | 0:34:54 | 0:34:58 | |
and she used to call it the salmon's revenge. | 0:34:58 | 0:35:01 | |
In September 1936, the clash between King Edward's world of glamour | 0:35:04 | 0:35:09 | |
and the Balmoral establishment came to a head. | 0:35:09 | 0:35:12 | |
Not only had Edward spent much of the summer cruising the Med, | 0:35:12 | 0:35:16 | |
but he'd dared invite his American divorcee lover, Wallis Simpson, to Balmoral. | 0:35:16 | 0:35:22 | |
Wallis was horrified at the tartan furnishings, declaring, | 0:35:22 | 0:35:27 | |
"This tartan has to go!" | 0:35:27 | 0:35:29 | |
Mrs Simpson looked thoroughly out of place in Balmoral. | 0:35:29 | 0:35:34 | |
She was dressed to the nines always, | 0:35:34 | 0:35:36 | |
as if she was about to walk out on to the lawns of Hurlingham or somewhere. | 0:35:36 | 0:35:42 | |
It simply was so totally alien to her, the whole place. | 0:35:42 | 0:35:47 | |
The mere existence of King Edward VIII | 0:35:47 | 0:35:52 | |
in the mood in which he was in 1936 | 0:35:52 | 0:35:56 | |
was a threat to the way of life at Balmoral, | 0:35:56 | 0:35:58 | |
a threat to the way of life of the Royal Family. | 0:35:58 | 0:36:01 | |
When the metropolitan Wallis met Elizabeth, | 0:36:01 | 0:36:04 | |
the very essence of Balmorality, | 0:36:04 | 0:36:06 | |
the monarchy collided with the modern world. | 0:36:06 | 0:36:09 | |
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon and Wallis Simpson were chalk and cheese. | 0:36:09 | 0:36:15 | |
They couldn't have been more different. | 0:36:15 | 0:36:17 | |
They disliked each other, and Wallis Simpson famously called | 0:36:17 | 0:36:21 | |
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon "that Scottish cook". | 0:36:21 | 0:36:27 | |
She used to call her Cookie, in fact, | 0:36:27 | 0:36:29 | |
because she thought she looked so plain and ordinary, | 0:36:29 | 0:36:32 | |
she might be a member of staff. | 0:36:32 | 0:36:33 | |
There's a little story about how the Duchess of York, | 0:36:34 | 0:36:38 | |
Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother to be, | 0:36:38 | 0:36:41 | |
came to Balmoral with Wallis Simpson acting as hostess, | 0:36:41 | 0:36:46 | |
and she swept past her and she said, "I've come to dine with the King." | 0:36:46 | 0:36:51 | |
In other words she was still loyal to her brother-in-law, Edward VIII, | 0:36:53 | 0:36:57 | |
but she didn't want any truck with this two-bit American adulteress, adventuress, whatever she was, | 0:36:57 | 0:37:04 | |
who was cutting at the root of the monarchy | 0:37:04 | 0:37:07 | |
by having this affair with the King. | 0:37:07 | 0:37:10 | |
The King and Mrs Simpson would never return to Balmoral. | 0:37:10 | 0:37:14 | |
The establishment had rejected them. | 0:37:14 | 0:37:18 | |
They had failed the Balmoral litmus test. | 0:37:18 | 0:37:21 | |
With Edward's abdication, Balmorality remained intact. | 0:37:22 | 0:37:26 | |
And with the crowning of George VI, Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon became Queen, | 0:37:26 | 0:37:31 | |
much to the delight of the Scots. | 0:37:31 | 0:37:33 | |
The fact that George V married a Scot is very important, | 0:37:33 | 0:37:36 | |
because the Scots tended to be very...acquisitive | 0:37:36 | 0:37:41 | |
about who they defined as Scottish | 0:37:41 | 0:37:44 | |
and of course that effectively meant | 0:37:44 | 0:37:47 | |
that they could claim that the heir to the throne | 0:37:47 | 0:37:50 | |
was effectively half Scottish. | 0:37:50 | 0:37:52 | |
And with Queen Elizabeth's first born, | 0:37:54 | 0:37:56 | |
Balmoral culture would be embraced with a passion | 0:37:56 | 0:37:59 | |
not seen since Queen Victoria. | 0:37:59 | 0:38:01 | |
Elizabeth II is really a countrywoman at heart. | 0:38:03 | 0:38:06 | |
I think she's famous for saying, | 0:38:06 | 0:38:09 | |
"When I grow up I want to marry a farmer | 0:38:09 | 0:38:12 | |
"and have lots of horses and dogs and children." | 0:38:12 | 0:38:15 | |
I think she identified with Queen Victoria, | 0:38:15 | 0:38:19 | |
and certainly her father, George VI, used to say when she was quite young, | 0:38:19 | 0:38:25 | |
"Well, we often wonder whether history will repeat itself", | 0:38:25 | 0:38:29 | |
meaning that the Queen, Queen Elizabeth II, | 0:38:29 | 0:38:34 | |
would turn out to be a queen in the mould of Queen Victoria. | 0:38:34 | 0:38:40 | |
In post-war Britain, society changed and the country modernised. | 0:38:47 | 0:38:51 | |
While in the Highlands of Scotland, | 0:38:51 | 0:38:54 | |
the Queen's own castle remained just as it had ever been. | 0:38:54 | 0:38:57 | |
I would say that, | 0:38:59 | 0:39:01 | |
taking into account the obvious changes of modern conveniences, | 0:39:01 | 0:39:05 | |
but life in Balmoral is in essentials extraordinarily similar | 0:39:05 | 0:39:10 | |
to what it was 100 or 150 years ago. | 0:39:10 | 0:39:12 | |
Good morning. | 0:39:12 | 0:39:14 | |
That the pattern of life was laid down in the 19th century, | 0:39:15 | 0:39:20 | |
what you did, when you did it, and though now they've got Land Rovers | 0:39:20 | 0:39:25 | |
and now they've got electric lights, | 0:39:25 | 0:39:27 | |
basically they are doing the same things in more or less the same way | 0:39:27 | 0:39:32 | |
as they were doing when Queen Victoria was there. | 0:39:32 | 0:39:35 | |
Since Victoria's time, Balmoral has become more than a retreat. | 0:39:38 | 0:39:42 | |
It replenishes the Royal Family's identity, | 0:39:42 | 0:39:45 | |
renewing their most important values. | 0:39:45 | 0:39:48 | |
Photographer Ken Lennox has seized opportunities | 0:39:49 | 0:39:52 | |
to see these ideals in action. | 0:39:52 | 0:39:54 | |
On one occasion the Queen was on the moors, | 0:39:55 | 0:39:57 | |
every inch the noble chief with her subjects, | 0:39:57 | 0:40:01 | |
just as Queen Victoria had been. | 0:40:01 | 0:40:03 | |
The Queen was dressed in raincoats, sturdy shoes, ankle socks and a hood | 0:40:03 | 0:40:10 | |
and she would mix for the three or four hours | 0:40:10 | 0:40:12 | |
amongst her own people up there. | 0:40:12 | 0:40:14 | |
And at one stage she was introduced to one of her shepherds, | 0:40:14 | 0:40:19 | |
or she had called on the shepherd, | 0:40:19 | 0:40:21 | |
and he ends up leaning on his crook with both hands, | 0:40:21 | 0:40:24 | |
as if it was anybody else. | 0:40:24 | 0:40:25 | |
And they're just so natural, here's the Queen and one of her shepherds, | 0:40:25 | 0:40:29 | |
just having a jaw up in the hills. | 0:40:29 | 0:40:32 | |
Queen Victoria dictated that tartan was to be worn at Balmoral. | 0:40:34 | 0:40:37 | |
Today, the Royal Family still wear this symbol of Scottishness. | 0:40:37 | 0:40:42 | |
What you see when you see Prince Charles in a kilt at Balmoral | 0:40:43 | 0:40:46 | |
is a man determined not to yield to the fads of modern Britain. | 0:40:46 | 0:40:51 | |
You also see, I think, a Royal Family playing hard the Scottish card, | 0:40:52 | 0:40:56 | |
trying to keep the United Kingdom together. | 0:40:56 | 0:40:58 | |
'Pageantry of another kind in Scotland. | 0:40:58 | 0:41:01 | |
'At Braemar there are pipers...' | 0:41:01 | 0:41:03 | |
At the Highland Games the Royal Family can firmly put their Scottishness on display. | 0:41:03 | 0:41:09 | |
Now attracting huge crowds, the clansmen still test their physical strength | 0:41:09 | 0:41:14 | |
and hail the reigning monarch as chieftain. | 0:41:14 | 0:41:17 | |
When the Queen and Prince Philip attend the Braemar Games | 0:41:17 | 0:41:23 | |
it's part of a huge fantasy in which the royals are engaged. | 0:41:23 | 0:41:28 | |
It's a great pageant of the past, because they're not Scottish, | 0:41:28 | 0:41:33 | |
they are German mainly, | 0:41:33 | 0:41:36 | |
and they are engaging in something | 0:41:36 | 0:41:39 | |
which is supposed to unite them with their people. | 0:41:39 | 0:41:43 | |
It's supposed to bring them together with their people. | 0:41:43 | 0:41:47 | |
Like Victoria, the Royal Family enjoy escapism, | 0:41:47 | 0:41:51 | |
but they are no fair-weather tourists. | 0:41:51 | 0:41:53 | |
A courtier once said, | 0:41:53 | 0:41:55 | |
"The Royal Family will go out in weather you wouldn't put a dog out in". | 0:41:55 | 0:42:00 | |
As in Victoria's time, the Royal family avoid indulgence at Balmoral. | 0:42:02 | 0:42:06 | |
Instead, Tupperware picnics are nearly a daily occurrence. | 0:42:06 | 0:42:12 | |
The picnics of Balmoral are curiously like Marie Antoinette | 0:42:14 | 0:42:19 | |
in the Petit Trianon, pretending to be a dairy maid. | 0:42:19 | 0:42:23 | |
They are a wonderful mixture of comfort, informality | 0:42:23 | 0:42:29 | |
and a wonderful, efficient machine driving them all from behind. | 0:42:29 | 0:42:35 | |
You could say in a way it is the Royal Family playing at being ordinary human beings | 0:42:35 | 0:42:41 | |
and there is some truth in that. | 0:42:41 | 0:42:42 | |
The salad is ready. | 0:42:42 | 0:42:44 | |
Lady-in-waiting Margaret Rhodes spent many holidays at Balmoral in the company of the Queen. | 0:42:46 | 0:42:51 | |
Prince Philip is an extremely good chef | 0:42:51 | 0:42:55 | |
and he does the cooking | 0:42:55 | 0:42:57 | |
and the Queen makes the salad. | 0:42:57 | 0:43:02 | |
There's nobody else there in the way of help. | 0:43:04 | 0:43:07 | |
It's usually probably birds that have been shot down, you know, | 0:43:09 | 0:43:13 | |
lovely roast grouse or venison steaks. | 0:43:13 | 0:43:16 | |
Then they have enormous sausages called Cumberland sausages | 0:43:16 | 0:43:19 | |
which go on and on and round and round for ever, you know. | 0:43:19 | 0:43:23 | |
What's this for? | 0:43:23 | 0:43:26 | |
What's this for? | 0:43:26 | 0:43:27 | |
Well, picnics are taken very seriously at Balmoral. | 0:43:27 | 0:43:31 | |
Prince Philip not only designed a barbecue, | 0:43:31 | 0:43:34 | |
he designed a trailer for the barbecue, | 0:43:34 | 0:43:36 | |
and everything was done to strict order. | 0:43:36 | 0:43:39 | |
If it wasn't done properly there'd be a lot of shouting from Prince Philip | 0:43:41 | 0:43:45 | |
and sometimes from the Queen too. | 0:43:45 | 0:43:47 | |
And the Queen would play her part by making the salad dressing. | 0:43:47 | 0:43:51 | |
All right, I'm coming. | 0:43:51 | 0:43:53 | |
Hunting and fishing remain important rituals at Balmoral. | 0:43:57 | 0:44:01 | |
To conquer nature is an important part of being royal. | 0:44:01 | 0:44:05 | |
Following in Albert's footsteps, | 0:44:08 | 0:44:10 | |
Prince Charles often stands alone in the icy River Dee. | 0:44:10 | 0:44:14 | |
Stag hunting is also a favourite pastime. | 0:44:15 | 0:44:19 | |
Charles is a very serious man | 0:44:20 | 0:44:21 | |
in the sense that his shooting's not frivolous. | 0:44:21 | 0:44:24 | |
If they shoot a deer it will be part of the menu for the household | 0:44:24 | 0:44:28 | |
and for the royals themselves. | 0:44:28 | 0:44:31 | |
He is prepared to spend days at a time going after one red deer. | 0:44:31 | 0:44:35 | |
Official visitors have largely played along with this lifestyle. | 0:44:37 | 0:44:41 | |
Prime Ministers are exposed to Balmorality | 0:44:41 | 0:44:44 | |
when they trek to Scotland every year. | 0:44:44 | 0:44:46 | |
I think at the start always a Prime Minister goes with trepidation. | 0:44:47 | 0:44:51 | |
"Yikes! A weekend with the Royal Family, | 0:44:51 | 0:44:53 | |
"how is this gonna be socially?" | 0:44:53 | 0:44:55 | |
Nice to see you. | 0:44:55 | 0:44:56 | |
They're people whose whole life revolves around the written word, | 0:44:56 | 0:45:00 | |
behind gossip, behind ideas, | 0:45:00 | 0:45:02 | |
and they go up to Balmoral and find a world | 0:45:02 | 0:45:05 | |
where really ideas aren't regarded as particularly exciting | 0:45:05 | 0:45:10 | |
unless it's the idea of what's gonna be for lunch. | 0:45:10 | 0:45:12 | |
He keeps it very tidy, too. This is their shed. | 0:45:12 | 0:45:15 | |
One prime minister, in particular, was never entirely comfortable with Balmorality. | 0:45:15 | 0:45:20 | |
I think her sister wrote that she'd never had any shoes | 0:45:20 | 0:45:24 | |
apart from patent leather court shoes, | 0:45:24 | 0:45:27 | |
and they went with her to Balmoral. | 0:45:27 | 0:45:29 | |
And there used to be an absolute struggle | 0:45:29 | 0:45:31 | |
between the ladies in waiting and Thatcher, | 0:45:31 | 0:45:35 | |
how they could get her into country shoes. | 0:45:35 | 0:45:38 | |
I think they even managed to get her into green Wellington boots. | 0:45:38 | 0:45:44 | |
There is this terrible cliche | 0:45:44 | 0:45:46 | |
when people think about Mrs Thatcher and the Queen, | 0:45:46 | 0:45:49 | |
that they didn't get on. | 0:45:49 | 0:45:50 | |
There is strong evidence to suggest that actually they got on, | 0:45:50 | 0:45:53 | |
because Mrs Thatcher once gave the Queen for Christmas | 0:45:53 | 0:45:57 | |
a set of washing-up gloves, a pair of Marigolds, | 0:45:57 | 0:45:59 | |
and that's because she'd seen the Queen at Balmoral | 0:45:59 | 0:46:02 | |
washing up without gloves. | 0:46:02 | 0:46:04 | |
And Mrs T, being Mrs T, | 0:46:04 | 0:46:06 | |
thought you can't wash up without washing-up gloves, | 0:46:06 | 0:46:08 | |
and so she sent Her Majesty a pair of yellow gloves, plastic. | 0:46:08 | 0:46:12 | |
I think she found the whole thing boring, and beyond belief. | 0:46:12 | 0:46:18 | |
She kept saying "I must govern", you know, | 0:46:18 | 0:46:20 | |
and when Rupert Murdoch heard that she was going up to Balmoral | 0:46:20 | 0:46:23 | |
he said, "Oh, how boring for her." | 0:46:23 | 0:46:25 | |
I'm sure that that reflected her own feeling. | 0:46:25 | 0:46:28 | |
I mean, it's notorious that when it was time to leave | 0:46:28 | 0:46:31 | |
she'd been packed and ready to go hours before the off, | 0:46:31 | 0:46:35 | |
because she was so eager to get away from the place. | 0:46:35 | 0:46:38 | |
As for Cherie Blair, she was the very antithesis of Balmorality | 0:46:41 | 0:46:46 | |
as encapsulated in an unfortunate pose. | 0:46:46 | 0:46:50 | |
What a photograph it is. | 0:46:50 | 0:46:51 | |
It is of a moose in its maternity throes. | 0:46:51 | 0:46:54 | |
It is of, I don't know, | 0:46:54 | 0:46:56 | |
a cross-Channel ferry opening its cargo gates, | 0:46:56 | 0:47:01 | |
and she plainly is bored rigid by the Balmoral weekend. | 0:47:01 | 0:47:07 | |
Here were the Blairs, they had sprung from metropolitan Islington, | 0:47:07 | 0:47:13 | |
they were people whose whole life had revolved around urban conceits | 0:47:13 | 0:47:19 | |
and fantasies and interests. | 0:47:19 | 0:47:22 | |
Cherie, if told she had to go out in the pouring rain - | 0:47:23 | 0:47:27 | |
"We're going for a walk, Mrs Blair." "What, in that?!" | 0:47:27 | 0:47:31 | |
You can just imagine it. | 0:47:31 | 0:47:32 | |
And then the thought of a barbecue, the, sort of, burnt sausages, | 0:47:32 | 0:47:37 | |
it's not easy, is it, to see how this could have been overcome. | 0:47:37 | 0:47:42 | |
But this is part of the comedy of our rulers, isn't it? | 0:47:42 | 0:47:46 | |
Urban politicians have never been expected | 0:47:46 | 0:47:49 | |
to understand the royal rituals in the great outdoors. | 0:47:49 | 0:47:53 | |
But royal family members are still required to pass the test | 0:47:54 | 0:47:58 | |
that is Balmoral. | 0:47:58 | 0:48:00 | |
I came across Prince Charles fishing and I saw there was a girl with him. | 0:48:01 | 0:48:06 | |
Later on in the day, we found out it was Diana Spencer, | 0:48:08 | 0:48:13 | |
who was the younger sister of a former girlfriend, | 0:48:13 | 0:48:17 | |
so we didn't really pay too much attention. | 0:48:17 | 0:48:20 | |
Coming back down the plane that weekend | 0:48:20 | 0:48:23 | |
there was a member of the royal party on the plane who said, | 0:48:23 | 0:48:27 | |
"Don't ignore her." | 0:48:27 | 0:48:28 | |
That's all he said, "Don't ignore her." | 0:48:28 | 0:48:31 | |
The following year, Diana and Prince Charles married. | 0:48:31 | 0:48:35 | |
They spent part of their honeymoon at Balmoral. | 0:48:35 | 0:48:38 | |
Diana joined in the traditions, even shooting a stag. | 0:48:38 | 0:48:41 | |
Diana never liked Balmoral, but she pretended to. | 0:48:46 | 0:48:49 | |
She pretended to like it so much, | 0:48:49 | 0:48:51 | |
that Prince Charles really believed she loved it | 0:48:51 | 0:48:53 | |
and thought this is terrific. | 0:48:53 | 0:48:54 | |
But Diana was absolutely miserable. | 0:48:54 | 0:48:58 | |
She hated the formality, | 0:48:58 | 0:49:00 | |
she hated the fact that she was actually having part of her honeymoon | 0:49:00 | 0:49:04 | |
with her mother-in-law, | 0:49:04 | 0:49:05 | |
she hated the picnics, | 0:49:05 | 0:49:07 | |
she hated the weather, | 0:49:07 | 0:49:10 | |
hated the rain, | 0:49:10 | 0:49:12 | |
and, you know, she went into a real deep depression. | 0:49:12 | 0:49:16 | |
Initially, Diana passed the royal test with a facade of Balmorality. | 0:49:17 | 0:49:22 | |
She turned up in this tartan dress | 0:49:23 | 0:49:27 | |
with a little Glengarry hat on | 0:49:27 | 0:49:30 | |
and arrived at Braemar Games. | 0:49:30 | 0:49:33 | |
She looked sensational, she looked happy. | 0:49:33 | 0:49:35 | |
She looked everything a princess should look like. | 0:49:35 | 0:49:39 | |
And she had bowed to the royal bit, | 0:49:39 | 0:49:42 | |
Charles was there in his kilt and she was there in this tartan dress. | 0:49:42 | 0:49:46 | |
She looked sensational. | 0:49:46 | 0:49:48 | |
But it wasn't long before her deep rejection of Balmoral began to show. | 0:49:48 | 0:49:53 | |
She didn't get on really at all | 0:49:53 | 0:49:57 | |
with the kind of rather Spartan existence that they lived up there. | 0:49:57 | 0:50:01 | |
Diana was an English rose really, | 0:50:01 | 0:50:05 | |
and I suppose she thought Charles was a Scottish thistle. | 0:50:05 | 0:50:10 | |
She described it as, "Boring, boring, boring," | 0:50:10 | 0:50:12 | |
and she clamped her Walkman on her head | 0:50:12 | 0:50:14 | |
and tried to keep away from the whole thing. | 0:50:14 | 0:50:17 | |
At the Braemar Games, with Balmorality on view, | 0:50:17 | 0:50:21 | |
Diana's impatience with the rigid mechanisms of monarchy | 0:50:21 | 0:50:25 | |
increasingly revealed itself. | 0:50:25 | 0:50:27 | |
Well, as a Scot, even as a Scot, Braemar Games are boring. | 0:50:27 | 0:50:32 | |
If you've ever seen a film of the Braemar Games, | 0:50:32 | 0:50:34 | |
the whole day is condensed into about three minutes. | 0:50:34 | 0:50:38 | |
And none of that's very exciting. | 0:50:38 | 0:50:39 | |
If you've seen one man tossing a caber, | 0:50:39 | 0:50:43 | |
it's quite exciting the first time and maybe even the second time, | 0:50:43 | 0:50:46 | |
but after that it's not very exciting to be there. | 0:50:46 | 0:50:50 | |
CHEERING | 0:50:50 | 0:50:52 | |
When she'd got to Braemar Games for a second visit | 0:50:52 | 0:50:56 | |
she had spent quite some considerable time at Balmoral Castle | 0:50:56 | 0:51:01 | |
and had been there solidly without a break, | 0:51:01 | 0:51:04 | |
so she was stuck around the castle playing ludo with Prince Andrew, | 0:51:04 | 0:51:08 | |
which, you know, couldn't have been a lot of fun. | 0:51:08 | 0:51:11 | |
The royals can be deadly dull at the time, | 0:51:11 | 0:51:13 | |
and Diana was, as everyone knows, was a bright, cosmopolitan girl. | 0:51:13 | 0:51:17 | |
Diana, like Edward VIII before her, | 0:51:21 | 0:51:24 | |
had refused to re-invent herself as a Balmoral woman, | 0:51:24 | 0:51:27 | |
embracing metropolitan values instead. | 0:51:27 | 0:51:30 | |
For Charles, as his marriage disintegrated, | 0:51:32 | 0:51:35 | |
Balmoral became a refuge, as it had been for Victoria. | 0:51:35 | 0:51:39 | |
In 1987, Charles spent several weeks at Balmoral | 0:51:39 | 0:51:43 | |
without seeing Diana or the children. | 0:51:43 | 0:51:46 | |
It was this very isolation | 0:51:47 | 0:51:49 | |
that would haunt the Royal Family after the 31st August 1997. | 0:51:49 | 0:51:54 | |
The Royal Family, including Charles, William and Harry, | 0:51:54 | 0:51:59 | |
were in Balmoral the night Diana died. | 0:51:59 | 0:52:01 | |
The week after, as public emotion poured out in London, | 0:52:03 | 0:52:07 | |
the English people were dismayed that the Queen stayed in Scotland, | 0:52:07 | 0:52:11 | |
while so many grieved in London. | 0:52:11 | 0:52:15 | |
500 miles north, | 0:52:17 | 0:52:19 | |
the Royal Family eventually made it outside to Balmoral's gates. | 0:52:19 | 0:52:24 | |
I think, just for a moment, for a week or so, | 0:52:29 | 0:52:31 | |
they just couldn't understand what was happening. | 0:52:31 | 0:52:34 | |
They were sitting in another country in a tartan castle | 0:52:34 | 0:52:38 | |
with all their own iconography about them, | 0:52:38 | 0:52:41 | |
not responding to the cries of the, kind of, people of London really | 0:52:41 | 0:52:47 | |
who are always the more... | 0:52:47 | 0:52:48 | |
You know, the crowd on whom a British monarchy first depends. | 0:52:48 | 0:52:53 | |
And they couldn't understand that those people too | 0:52:54 | 0:52:59 | |
had a different set of needs from what they'd had in 1950. | 0:52:59 | 0:53:03 | |
You know, they weren't any longer a class of people in bowler hats, | 0:53:03 | 0:53:08 | |
going to the City with stiff upper lips | 0:53:08 | 0:53:10 | |
and accepting the old British way, they had totally changed. | 0:53:10 | 0:53:14 | |
It was really a close thing. | 0:53:19 | 0:53:21 | |
Diana's death illuminated Balmoral's place on the British stage. | 0:53:27 | 0:53:31 | |
Just as Victoria's love of Balmoral had once symbolised the Union, | 0:53:31 | 0:53:35 | |
now the castle represented isolation and two nations growing apart. | 0:53:35 | 0:53:41 | |
The monarchy, once shaped by Scotland, | 0:53:41 | 0:53:45 | |
now faced an increasingly independent nation. | 0:53:45 | 0:53:49 | |
One of the reasons I would argue why the union | 0:53:49 | 0:53:52 | |
is not quite as strong as it was in this new millennium | 0:53:52 | 0:53:56 | |
is because the monarchy doesn't have the same influence today | 0:53:56 | 0:54:02 | |
as it had perhaps in previous generations. | 0:54:02 | 0:54:06 | |
Within two years of Diana's death, | 0:54:08 | 0:54:10 | |
Balmorality was challenged once again. | 0:54:10 | 0:54:13 | |
In a historic moment, | 0:54:14 | 0:54:17 | |
the Queen opened the first Scottish Parliament for nearly 300 years. | 0:54:17 | 0:54:21 | |
Scotland is all this and so much more. | 0:54:24 | 0:54:29 | |
The grit, determination and humour, the forthrightness, | 0:54:29 | 0:54:33 | |
and above all, the strong sense of identity of the Scottish people, | 0:54:33 | 0:54:38 | |
qualities which contribute so much to the life of the United Kingdom. | 0:54:38 | 0:54:43 | |
And these qualities reflect a Scotland which, | 0:54:44 | 0:54:47 | |
if I may make a personal point, | 0:54:47 | 0:54:49 | |
occupy such a special place in my own and my family's affections. | 0:54:49 | 0:54:56 | |
CHEERING AND APPLAUSE | 0:54:56 | 0:54:57 | |
I remember seeing her later in the day. | 0:55:12 | 0:55:15 | |
I don't think I've ever seen a woman look more exhausted. | 0:55:15 | 0:55:17 | |
She was fine and she was doing her duty | 0:55:17 | 0:55:19 | |
and going round the reception and everything, | 0:55:19 | 0:55:22 | |
but she looked completely drained, | 0:55:22 | 0:55:24 | |
and it occurred to me that at that moment | 0:55:24 | 0:55:26 | |
she had been holding in herself. | 0:55:26 | 0:55:28 | |
I suppose, for her it was a matter | 0:55:28 | 0:55:30 | |
of holding together the whole history of the family | 0:55:30 | 0:55:33 | |
and the monarchy over the last 300 or 400 years, | 0:55:33 | 0:55:36 | |
that she had to not put a foot wrong, she had to say the right thing, | 0:55:36 | 0:55:39 | |
she had to not create a situation | 0:55:39 | 0:55:41 | |
that would actually blow the whole kingdom apart. | 0:55:41 | 0:55:45 | |
One of the interesting things in the last few years | 0:55:51 | 0:55:53 | |
is the extent to which the monarchy has adjusted | 0:55:53 | 0:55:58 | |
to the devolutionary settlement, more successfully perhaps | 0:55:58 | 0:56:02 | |
than the Westminster political parties have adjusted to it. | 0:56:02 | 0:56:06 | |
And that adaptability and flexibility | 0:56:06 | 0:56:08 | |
and responsiveness to Scotland has been a mark of the Royal Family | 0:56:08 | 0:56:13 | |
throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. | 0:56:13 | 0:56:16 | |
But in the 21st century, | 0:56:18 | 0:56:20 | |
Balmoral and the monarchy that depends on it | 0:56:20 | 0:56:23 | |
face further adaptation as Britain continues to change. | 0:56:23 | 0:56:27 | |
I would say that as the Queen's generation fades away, | 0:56:27 | 0:56:31 | |
the Balmoral imagery will begin to fade away as well. | 0:56:31 | 0:56:34 | |
Prince Charles will sustain it to some extent. | 0:56:34 | 0:56:38 | |
The next generation won't sustain it in that form. | 0:56:38 | 0:56:40 | |
If they come to Scotland, for the same sort of reasons and to do the same things | 0:56:40 | 0:56:44 | |
they'll do it in a different style, | 0:56:44 | 0:56:46 | |
they'll look different when they're doing it, I think. | 0:56:46 | 0:56:49 | |
And as for the political future, | 0:56:49 | 0:56:51 | |
they will have to continue to play a very, very subtle game, | 0:56:51 | 0:56:55 | |
if they want to remain monarchs of all four of these bits of the UK. | 0:56:55 | 0:56:59 | |
Over 200 years, Balmoral has shaped both the monarchy and Scotland. | 0:57:01 | 0:57:07 | |
Whatever Balmoral's future, | 0:57:08 | 0:57:11 | |
Victoria's fantasy Scottishness has become a tradition, | 0:57:11 | 0:57:14 | |
an invented history. | 0:57:14 | 0:57:16 | |
The nation, in turn, has reaped vast rewards from a powerful brand. | 0:57:16 | 0:57:21 | |
I think the reason why the Balmoral vision of Scotland has survived | 0:57:22 | 0:57:27 | |
is that that is Scotland. | 0:57:27 | 0:57:29 | |
Whether we like it or not, | 0:57:29 | 0:57:31 | |
the idea that tartan, | 0:57:31 | 0:57:34 | |
whisky, | 0:57:34 | 0:57:35 | |
bagpipes, | 0:57:35 | 0:57:37 | |
mist, romanticism | 0:57:37 | 0:57:40 | |
are the things that we recognise as being peculiarly Scottish, | 0:57:40 | 0:57:43 | |
is still the case. | 0:57:43 | 0:57:45 | |
And our tourist industry would collapse without that. | 0:57:45 | 0:57:49 | |
The very fact that we go over to New York to do Tartan Week | 0:57:49 | 0:57:53 | |
as a way of promoting Scottishness I think speaks volumes. | 0:57:53 | 0:57:56 | |
I mean, the French tourist board don't have Beret Week, | 0:57:56 | 0:58:00 | |
nobody sends out for Lederhosen Week, | 0:58:00 | 0:58:02 | |
those things are Scottishness. | 0:58:02 | 0:58:05 | |
After 200 years, it is the thing it pretends to be. | 0:58:05 | 0:58:09 | |
"The romance and wild loveliness of everything here, | 0:58:13 | 0:58:17 | |
"the absence of hotels and beggars, | 0:58:17 | 0:58:20 | |
"the independent simple people, | 0:58:20 | 0:58:23 | |
"all make beloved Scotland | 0:58:23 | 0:58:25 | |
"the proudest, finest country in the world." | 0:58:25 | 0:58:29 | |
Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd | 0:58:52 | 0:58:56 | |
E-mail [email protected] | 0:58:56 | 0:59:00 |