Forest, Field & Sky: Art out of Nature


Forest, Field & Sky: Art out of Nature

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Transcript


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'Thousands of years ago, Britain was covered in forest.

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'Deep, dark, primordial woodland

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'that had grown undisturbed for thousands of years.

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'These were the landscapes in which our predecessors

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'made their first homes.

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'But over the centuries, we hacked our way out of the forests

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'and built fields and pathways across the land.

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'And we made other marks in the landscape.

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'We made things of beauty...

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'..and in doing so turned nature...

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'..into culture.'

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Now, I can do something as simple as make a small stone circle

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on the beach here.

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Now, I'll admit it's not exactly Stonehenge,

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but it is a cultural act.

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It couldn't have happened without a human hand.

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'This basic act is the foundation of all human culture,

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'from stone circles onwards.

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'But this film isn't about the monuments of the past.

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'It's about a marvellous kind of modern art

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'that echoes our earliest creative impulses.

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'And it's inspired me since I was a boy.'

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It's an art that can't be bought or sold, doesn't exist in galleries,

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and has to be found before it can even be seen.

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It can be as vast as the sky or as small as a pebble.

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It can take decades, even centuries to make,

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yet occasionally only last an instant.

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'In this film, I'm going to discover art that's made

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'from nature itself.

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'Art that makes us think in a new way about the beauty and wonder of

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'the natural world, and the ways we mark our fleeting place within it.

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'I'll travel across Britain to find these breathtaking artworks

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'and explore the landscapes they inhabit.

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'I'll trek through forests and fields,

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'around gorgeous gardens, and to the very edges of our island.

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'And I'll gaze afresh at the skies above.

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'What I find will, I hope,

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'change the way we think about the landscape.

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'And it might just change your view of modern art.'

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'This was the first landscape that humans on our island encountered.

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'6,000 years ago, forests like these covered most of Britain.

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'At times they must have seemed like dark and forbidding places.

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'But I always think there's something undeniably human

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'about the forest.'

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I often think of forests as being like societies.

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They are complex and infinitely interconnected communities,

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and, of course, they're made up of individuals,

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all living their own lives in company.

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'Each tree stands alongside its companions.

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'They start small, grow tall, and die.

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'An existence not unlike our own.

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'We've always had an important relationship with the forest.

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'So much of human culture has been built from trees and wood.

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'And this connection has inspired one artist to

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'create a very special artwork.

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'I've come to Snowdonia in North Wales to find it.

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'But like many works of landscape art,

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'it's exceedingly difficult to find.

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'Its location is a secret.

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'But what a secret it is.'

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'This is Ash Dome.

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'22 ash trees mark out a perfect circle 30 feet wide.

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'I've been wanting to come here for as long as I've been

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'interested in art, and it's more beautiful

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'and more moving than I could have imagined.'

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'It is an inside made outside,

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'a circle of life made from life itself.

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'It reminds me of the great ancient circular

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'monuments of our predecessors.

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'But this is a work of modern art.'

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'Ash Dome was made by the artist David Nash, who has lived

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'and worked in North Wales since 1967.

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'In that time, Nash has devoted himself entirely to making

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'sculptures out of wood.

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'But Ash Dome was something different -

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'a living sculpture.'

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Most outdoor sculptures, I felt they were like UFOs,

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they'd been made somewhere else and they'd just landed.

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I wanted something which belonged to a place

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and something which didn't resist the elements but actually

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engaged with the elements, so the Ash Dome came from that thought.

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'Nash planted Ash Dome as saplings back in 1977, before I was born.'

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The '70s was a dangerous time, you know, politically,

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economically, internationally.

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People were talking about

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the human being would destroy itself before we got to the 21st century.

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And I thought, "I'll make a sculpture which is

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"aimed at the 21st century."

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'Nash employed ancient techniques to adapt the shape of each tree.

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'And over the years he has continued to tend and train them.'

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In all the different films and photographs of it over the years,

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since 1977, it gets bigger and I get older, which...!

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I really like that, so I'm hoping something will be there

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when I'm about 85, if I can get that far, 90,

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hobbling about in the Ash Dome!

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People talk today about modern culture being too fast,

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too disposable, too dispensable,

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too much about short-term satisfaction.

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Well, this place couldn't be more different,

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because this beautiful, beautiful thing has taken the best part of

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40 years, the best part of one man's entire career, to make.

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And hopefully, like the forest that surrounds it,

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it will continue to grow for many years to come.

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'Ash Dome embodies the oldest idea of culture - to cultivate.

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'It is an art of collaboration, the result of man

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'and nature working together.

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'But it is also deeply contemporary,

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'a living monument to one man's faith in an uncertain future.'

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'When Neolithic settlers first arrived in Britain,

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'they brought with them wheat, barley and livestock,

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'and a new attitude towards the landscape.

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'Unlike native hunter-gatherers,

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'they weren't content to take the landscape as it came.

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'They wanted to reshape it.

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'They cut down ancient forest, cleared the land,

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'and parcelled it out for cultivation...

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'..and so emerged from the darkness of the wood

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'to the light of the field.'

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To us, a field might seem unremarkable,

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perhaps even rather quaint,

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but it really was one of the great inventions in the history of

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our species, because the field didn't only lead to a new

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kind of organised landscape,

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it also laid the foundations for the first towns and cities,

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societies and governments, and for trade and commerce.

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The field, in other words, was the bedrock of civilisation itself.

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'Today, three quarters of land in Britain is devoted to agriculture.

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'More than anything else, it is the field that has shaped our landscape.

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'This is Cumbria, the heart of sheep-farming country.

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'It's a patchwork of small fields,

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'formed by the dry-stone walls that weave across the land.

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'Few have been more inspired by this landscape

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'than the celebrated artist Andy Goldsworthy.'

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The fields to most people, and the landscape to a lot of people,

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is often a pastoral backdrop to weekends in the country,

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which is not how I see the landscape.

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For me, it is a place to be challenged and to learn,

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and the field particularly so

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is a place which farmers cultivate and fight for.

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It is a battlefield for the farmer.

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Without their constant attention

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and working the land it will revert back to being a woodland.

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'Andy Goldsworthy is best known for the ephemeral works

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'he makes in the landscape.

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'Short-lived, delicate sculptures...

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'..using only the materials he finds around him.

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'But some of Goldsworthy's work engages directly with

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'the age-old traditions of agriculture.

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'From 1996, over a period of seven years,

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'he transformed 46 disused sheep folds across Cumbria...

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'..into a series of beautiful outdoor sculptures.

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'These dry-stone-wall enclosures were originally

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'used for the cleaning, clipping and marking of the flock

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'before modern farming techniques rendered them redundant.

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'And in a quiet valley in the heart of the Lake District

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'is my favourite -

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'the Tilberthwaite Touchstone Fold.'

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Now, at first, this seems to be an ordinary sheep fold.

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It's got these dry-stone walls that would have contained the flock,

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there would have been a gate right here.

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But what Andy Goldsworthy's done is he's made four beautiful

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additions into the walls themselves, and this is one of them.

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It's an absolutely beautiful sculpture,

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made from slate from the surrounding Tilberthwaite quarries.

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And what's lovely about it is the way that Goldsworthy has

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arranged the stone to create a beautiful visual rhythm.

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So you've got these horizontal bands of stone here,

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then you've got this circular plane with vertical bands of stone.

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It almost looks like a clock face.

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And on a bright, sunny day like today,

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the stone really seems to shimmer.

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What's fascinating about these sculptures is their position,

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so that they're all activated by the sun at different times of the day.

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So it's about mid-morning now.

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That sculpture back there is in complete shadow,

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and this one over here, it was in shadow about ten minutes ago,

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but now the sun has just come round the edge, and it is creating

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this glorious, raking light across the surface of the slate.

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'The Sheep Fold Project is a reminder of that ancient

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'link between culture and agriculture.

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'After all, the building of dry-stone walls,

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'and indeed farming itself, is an intensely sculptural activity.

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'And like art, it too can be beautiful.'

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'Andy Goldsworthy lives and works not far from the Cumbrian Hills,

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'in the Scottish Borders.

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'Every morning, he walks out into the fields around his home to

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'make a work in the landscape.

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'And today I'm joining him.

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'He hopes to produce an ambitious but risky piece,

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'building a vertical stone wall into the shell of a dead oak tree.'

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The reason why I love to work with my hands is that friction.

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There is this terrific,

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wonderful resistance to the land that challenges you.

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It creates sensations and feelings that inform me as an artist.

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What I do love about walls is the way they're made, stone by stone.

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They're a great lesson to sculptors,

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they use the stone from the place,

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they use the stone for its structure,

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and the line that they often take will draw the landscape,

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so they're very much an expression of the landscape.

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'But despite his deep knowledge of wall making,

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'this particular work is proving extremely challenging.'

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So, Andy, you've been working on this for

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four-and-a-half, five hours now. It looks fantastic to me.

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What's your verdict?

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I think it's probably not going to...

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..going to succeed.

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I'm getting closer to the top, it was closer than the last collapse.

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I've got a better sense of the...the tree,

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and there's certain aspects of it that I'm not entirely happy...

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I'm beginning to really enjoy this kind of line there

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between the stone and the wood.

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You know, so that rakes really well.

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So, whilst I would probably be... I'm not going to be entirely happy

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if it does fall down, it does give me

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the chance to go back down to there and get it reworked.

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-And if it does fall, you'll start again?

-I might start...

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I mean, I think it's probably reached a point in the day

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where it would be better coming again.

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This is a work that I can't come back to.

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Unlike a lot of the things that I make, that is a one-off,

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that-time-only to make that particular work.

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'Andy continues to build the wall upwards.

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'But then, after hours of hard work,

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'what he feared happens.'

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-Oh!

-STONES RATTLE

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Normally with a collapse like that I would be feeling a little

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devastated, and whilst I would have loved to have had this completed,

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I think that, er, it's probably,

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erm, for the better in that I can get back and rework

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some of this, but I haven't got the energy to do that again today.

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You know, I've seen something today that's really reminded me

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of what art can be.

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No dealer, no gallery, no pretentious display caption.

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A man simply walked out one morning into nature,

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found inspiration, and made something really rather wonderful.

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'Andy Goldsworthy's piece didn't last more than a few hours,

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'but that, I think, is precisely what makes it so special,

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'because like nature itself,

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'his work is in a state of perpetual change.

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'Several months later, Andy attempted the tree wall again,

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'and comes within inches of completing it.'

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STONES RATTLE

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'Seeing Andy's piece collapse again is heartbreaking,

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'but his determination to succeed is an inspiration.'

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You know, perfection's really easy to do.

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But it's a matter of how much time you have to put into achieving

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that perfection, and I think that every day I go out, er, there is

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a sort of compromise with the day.

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'We collaborated with nature in the forest,

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'we intervened in nature in the field,

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'but here, on the coast, it can often feel like a battle.

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'The repeated clash of water and rock has sculpted the perimeter

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'of our land, and will continue to do so long after we're gone.

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'But in this turbulent environment, one artist has tested herself

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'and her art against the rhythms of the sea.

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'In the early 1990s, Julie Brook spent two years living

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'in a cave on the island of Jura, off the west coast of Scotland.

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'Her intention was to capture the harsh beauty of the island in paint.

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'But the experience of living in solitude in such an exposed

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'landscape changed the way she made and thought about her practice.

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'She wanted to create a kind of art that encapsulated

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'the elemental forces that were all around her.

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'The result was an extraordinary combination of fire,

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'stone and water -

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'what Julie Brook called her Firestacks.'

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'I've made the long journey across Britain to the Outer Hebrides.

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'A landscape of rugged mountains and spectacular sea lochs.

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'It's far from any road, and two hours' hike from the nearest track.'

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This is one of the most remote parts of the British Isles.

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That over there, that's the Atlantic Ocean, and I've come here

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because, after 25 years, Julie Brook is once again making a firestack.

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'Julie has been here for several days already in all weathers,

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'collecting stones to build the stack as well as fuel to burn.

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'She can only build at low tide, and twice a day,

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'she has to surrender her progress to the sea.'

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So, Julie...

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Wow, amazing, you're here!

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It is the most remote place I can possibly imagine.

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Can you tell me where we are and what this place actually is?

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Yes, it's, er, it's a very remote part on the west side of Lewis,

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just sort of, erm, with North Harris just on its edge,

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and we're looking right out to the western Atlantic.

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So that's the Atlantic over there.

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Nothing, yes, nothing much beyond there, apart from when you,

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erm, get to America, I guess.

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It does feel like a full ocean of wind is...

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-Yeah.

-..hitting us right now. How long have you been making this?

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Well, erm, five, six days of building this particular stack,

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and then, erm, a previous ten days of building another series prior

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to that to, er, get a sense of the tides here,

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the way the water flows, the way the tides are coming in, erm,

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so, yeah, they're labour intensive.

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So now this firestack's up and running,

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-what is going to happen next?

-Well, you'll see,

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the tide is just beginning to come to the base of it, which is

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really exciting, so I'm going to start lighting it quite soon,

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and then you get this extraordinary quality of, you know,

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the elements all coming together, so you've got the water surrounding

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the fire and stone, and then gradually you watch it rising

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and you get these incredible ribbons of light from the reflection

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of the fire, and it's sort of so much about rhythm,

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it's like marking rhythm and marking time, erm,

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in such an elemental way.

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'With the tide rising fast, Julie is keen to start the fire.'

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'The Firestack works can be dangerous and unpredictable.

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'A sudden shift in weather could destroy everything in an instant.

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'Julie makes countless journeys out into the freezing sea

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'to build up the fire.

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'Like a silent vigil...

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'engulfed by flame and smoke.'

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I remember when I first lit one successfully.

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It felt so absolutely true.

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I felt that I was sort of connecting with something incredibly ancient,

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without specifically knowing what that was.

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That connection with nature that some people around the world

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still have very, very strongly is a very profound thing.

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By working, committing and inhabiting the landscape,

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in a sense I'm looking for that connection that

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I see crofters have here or fishermen have here,

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and I think it's something about the purity of that.

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'Humans have made markers on the coast for millennia.

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'Stone cairns, flaming beacons, monoliths, lighthouses...

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'and, for me, the Firestack seems to tap into those ancient practices.

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'It too is a marker of human presence.

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'With the fire burning brightly,

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'Julie makes her last journey to the stack.

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'And then she retreats, leaving the elements to decide its fate.'

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'As the sun begins to set,

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'the fire's reflections dance on the sea like liquid gold.

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'For a few glorious moments,

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'the elements are in perfect balance,

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'and the result is spellbinding.'

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'But as the water creeps higher and higher,

0:30:220:30:25

'the flames begin to lose their battle with the sea.

0:30:250:30:28

'The fire gently weakens...

0:30:320:30:34

'..before being completely overwhelmed.'

0:30:390:30:42

You know, some people might not think of this as art at all,

0:30:590:31:03

but as I stand here on a cold winter's night

0:31:030:31:08

in the Outer Hebrides, I honestly can't

0:31:080:31:11

think of anything more artistic,

0:31:110:31:13

because if this work is about anything, it is

0:31:130:31:16

about the act of creation, an ancient act in which humans

0:31:160:31:20

have tried to create light and warmth in a cold, dark world.

0:31:200:31:25

'As the human presence on our island increased,

0:31:490:31:52

'so too have the marks we've left on the landscape.

0:31:520:31:55

'We began to draw lines.

0:31:560:31:58

'From creative acts like the chalk figures carved in the landscape

0:31:580:32:02

'to the great routes laid down in our own age.

0:32:020:32:05

'Lines that shape and are shaped by our movements.'

0:32:080:32:12

'And one British artist has turned these kinds of lines

0:32:200:32:23

'into a body of work that is revered around the world.'

0:32:230:32:27

'In 1967, Richard Long walked up

0:32:340:32:37

'and down on a single patch of ground until he left a clean

0:32:370:32:41

'straight line of trampled grass that glistened in the sun.'

0:32:410:32:45

'The piece was called 'A Line Made By Walking.'

0:32:490:32:53

'And it is only known by a simple photograph...

0:32:550:32:57

'..that is now viewed as a defining work of contemporary art.

0:32:590:33:02

'With that piece, Richard Long established

0:33:040:33:06

'a set of principles that would govern the rest of his career.'

0:33:060:33:10

Art can be made anywhere, perhaps seen by few people,

0:33:160:33:19

or not recognised as art when they do.

0:33:190:33:21

This is a sculpture I made along a walk in Yorkshire called

0:33:300:33:33

'A Line In England.'

0:33:330:33:35

This work was made of this place,

0:33:370:33:39

it is a rearrangement of it,

0:33:390:33:41

and in time, will be reabsorbed by it.

0:33:410:33:43

Now it is almost invisible.

0:33:480:33:50

I hope to make work for the land, not against it.

0:33:510:33:55

My work reflects the passage of time on all things,

0:33:550:33:58

just as a walk itself uses time.

0:33:580:34:00

'This is Exmoor in North Devon.

0:34:180:34:19

'And it was here, a year after 'A Line Made By Walking,'

0:34:220:34:25

'that Richard Long embarked on a more ambitious walking piece.

0:34:250:34:29

'His aim was to travel exactly 10 miles across the moor on foot...

0:34:310:34:35

'..but he didn't want to follow the various paths that

0:34:370:34:40

'criss-crossed the moor.

0:34:400:34:41

'He wanted to do something a little more challenging.'

0:34:430:34:46

Richard Long began with an Ordnance Survey map,

0:34:500:34:54

and a pencil.

0:34:540:34:56

He marked one point down here

0:34:560:35:01

and he marked another point up here,

0:35:010:35:05

and then he took a ruler and drew

0:35:050:35:08

a dead straight line between them,

0:35:080:35:11

just like that.

0:35:110:35:15

Now, that line marked a route exactly 10 miles long

0:35:150:35:18

on a bearing of about 290 degrees,

0:35:180:35:22

and once Long had plotted that route,

0:35:220:35:25

he decided to walk it.

0:35:250:35:26

'And so I began a journey following Long's imaginary line.

0:35:370:35:42

'It quickly passed from cultivated fields to rugged moorland.

0:35:440:35:48

'But it didn't follow the natural contours of the terrain.

0:35:540:35:57

'It cut a dead straight line across the land.

0:36:000:36:03

'It came close to, and often intersected with

0:36:090:36:11

'more established paths.

0:36:110:36:13

'But then it quickly abandoned them.

0:36:180:36:21

'I had to clamber past trees...

0:36:250:36:27

'..to leap over fences...

0:36:290:36:30

'..and to pass icy ponds.'

0:36:340:36:36

I've been walking for a while now,

0:36:400:36:41

and I'm beginning to realise that

0:36:410:36:43

while it's very easy to draw a straight line on a map,

0:36:430:36:47

it's much, much harder to walk a straight line across the landscape,

0:36:470:36:52

even in a relatively featureless place like Exmoor,

0:36:520:36:55

because everywhere there are obstacles,

0:36:550:36:58

there are fences, there are puddles and divots

0:36:580:37:00

and bogs, and then of course you have to fight that perennial human

0:37:000:37:05

instinct to take the easier route, to take the well trodden path.

0:37:050:37:09

'The walk carried me forward, north-west...

0:37:170:37:19

'..past other earlier lines that had been made in the landscape.

0:37:230:37:27

'But then, after 10 miles,

0:37:350:37:37

'I descended from the moor into steep, thick, shaded woodland.

0:37:370:37:43

'This is where Richard Long's line terminates.'

0:37:430:37:46

So, according to Richard Long's map,

0:37:510:37:55

this precise spot here in

0:37:550:37:57

this place called Cowley Wood, this is the destination.

0:37:570:38:01

And I'll be honest with you, after 10 miles of walking,

0:38:030:38:08

I was expecting more.

0:38:080:38:09

'It is a work that creates more questions than answers.

0:38:130:38:16

'This map, with a line drawn through it, is all that

0:38:180:38:21

'remains of Long's walk.

0:38:210:38:23

'But is this the art?

0:38:250:38:26

'Or was it the creative effort of the walk itself?

0:38:270:38:30

'Or the trace in the landscape made by Long's feet?

0:38:340:38:37

'All this makes us think again about what art can be.'

0:38:400:38:43

A walk marks time with an accumulation of footsteps.

0:38:490:38:53

To walk the lanes and roads is to trace a portrait of the country.

0:38:530:38:57

I have become interested in using the idea of a walk to express

0:38:570:39:00

original ideas about the land, art, and walking itself.

0:39:000:39:04

'Long's art has certainly provoked controversy over the years,

0:39:110:39:15

'as seen in a debate from a 1983 BBC documentary.'

0:39:150:39:19

What makes you say that it's art?

0:39:200:39:22

Because Richard Long says it's art,

0:39:220:39:25

his arrangement of stones and his work...

0:39:250:39:27

If people say something is art

0:39:270:39:29

we have to proceed on the assumption that it is.

0:39:290:39:31

A lot of people say things are art, but they're not very interesting.

0:39:310:39:34

-Is it art?

-He says it's art, and...

0:39:340:39:35

-That's assertion again, though, of course.

-You see, it's assertion.

0:39:350:39:39

Oh, well, of course it's bound to be assertion.

0:39:390:39:41

No, it isn't, you see, what I think...

0:39:410:39:43

Well, can you try and define what art is, Ted?

0:39:430:39:45

I'm not even going to try

0:39:450:39:46

and I'm not going to be put in that position by you or anybody else...

0:39:460:39:50

Not everyone likes Richard Long's work,

0:39:500:39:52

but I genuinely think his art is for everyone

0:39:520:39:56

because walking is something that virtually all of us do, whether it's

0:39:560:40:00

across moors or down high streets,

0:40:000:40:03

or even just from our front doors to our cars every morning.

0:40:030:40:07

But what he tells us

0:40:070:40:08

is that even this seemingly banal act can be an aesthetic act as well.

0:40:080:40:14

It can be beautiful, it can be imaginative, and it can help us

0:40:140:40:18

understand our place in the landscapes that surround us.

0:40:180:40:22

'But I also see something ancient in Richard Long's lines.

0:40:240:40:28

'It makes us think again about how we, as humans,

0:40:300:40:33

'might have first negotiated the landscape.

0:40:330:40:36

'How people have walked

0:40:380:40:39

'and drawn lines across the British Isles for thousands of years.'

0:40:390:40:43

'There is another, very different kind of landscape on which

0:41:060:41:10

'we have had a major impact.

0:41:100:41:11

'But more than any other, it's a landscape shaped

0:41:150:41:18

'entirely by human culture.'

0:41:180:41:20

From the Neolithic period onwards, humans reshaped the landscape for

0:41:280:41:32

many different reasons, some of them practical, some of them spiritual.

0:41:320:41:37

But in the more modern period, we began to remodel the land simply to

0:41:370:41:41

make it more beautiful,

0:41:410:41:43

and nowhere is this better expressed than in our gardens.

0:41:430:41:47

'It seems like a strange idea.

0:41:510:41:53

'Surely we can't hope to make nature more beautiful.

0:41:540:41:57

'But humans have long created their own miniature

0:41:590:42:01

'versions of the landscape.

0:42:010:42:03

'The 18th century is, in my opinion,

0:42:060:42:08

'the golden age in British gardens,

0:42:080:42:11

'a time when designers forged a winning balance between

0:42:110:42:14

'the natural and the artificial, the real and the ideal,

0:42:140:42:18

'and their inspiration came from art.

0:42:180:42:21

'This is a painting by the great 17th century French artist

0:42:260:42:30

'Claude Lorrain.

0:42:300:42:31

'It looks natural, but it obeys a strict formula of ideal beauty.

0:42:330:42:38

'Tall trees frame the scene.

0:42:400:42:42

'Ancient buildings emerge from the landscape.

0:42:440:42:47

'A winding river leads the eye past a bridge and into the distance.

0:42:490:42:53

'It looks like paradise.

0:42:560:42:58

'So taken were the British landed class by this vision in paint

0:43:010:43:05

'that many of them remodelled their estates according to

0:43:050:43:09

'Claude's blueprint, and among the first to do so was Henry Hoare.

0:43:090:43:15

'From the 1740s, Hoare set to work transforming his garden

0:43:150:43:18

'at Stourhead in Wiltshire on a grand scale.'

0:43:180:43:22

'He dammed up the Stour River to create an artificial lake.

0:43:420:43:45

'He planted hundreds of trees with precision.

0:43:490:43:51

'Constructed an undulating valley out of earth.

0:43:540:43:57

'And built numerous classical style follies and grottos around the lake.

0:43:590:44:03

'But the climax of the garden is here.

0:44:060:44:10

'It is surely one of the most beautiful views in Britain,

0:44:160:44:19

'and it has all the ingredients of one of Claude's pictures -

0:44:190:44:23

'the framing trees, the curving lake, the ancient temple.

0:44:230:44:28

'It is a fantasy made real.'

0:44:290:44:31

Alexander Pope once wrote that all gardening was landscape painting.

0:44:380:44:42

Now, I always thought that was a rather silly comment to make,

0:44:420:44:46

but this, I think, is proof that he was completely right,

0:44:460:44:49

because what Henry Hoare has done here at Stourhead is

0:44:490:44:52

exactly what artists had done before him.

0:44:520:44:54

He has rearranged nature,

0:44:540:44:56

composed nature to make it more beautiful and more pleasing.

0:44:560:45:00

'Hoare wasn't alone.

0:45:050:45:07

'Across the estates of Britain,

0:45:080:45:10

'naturalistic landscape gardens became the height of fashion.

0:45:100:45:14

'And today gardening has become a national obsession,

0:45:160:45:20

'the way that so many of us attempt to make nature our own.

0:45:200:45:24

'But while most of our gardens are simply there for pleasure,

0:45:300:45:33

'one artist has attempted to go further.'

0:45:330:45:36

'I've come to a modern garden in Dumfriesshire to meet a man

0:45:510:45:54

'who has done things that would astonish even Henry Hoare.'

0:45:540:45:58

'This is the Garden of Cosmic Speculation,

0:46:100:46:14

'and there is no mistaking the human hand here.'

0:46:140:46:17

'It's as far from a naturalistic garden as it's possible to get.

0:46:250:46:29

'And yet it is based on the underlying

0:46:320:46:34

'principles of nature itself.

0:46:340:46:36

'The fractals, black holes

0:46:420:46:44

'and wave forms that form our understanding of the universe.

0:46:440:46:47

'This extraordinary garden was created by the landscape artist,

0:46:490:46:54

'architect and theorist Charles Jencks.'

0:46:540:46:57

'Born in America, Jencks began developing the garden

0:46:580:47:02

'at his home in Scotland in 1988.'

0:47:020:47:05

I think when you see the sun go down,

0:47:050:47:08

and you see the earth form these pathways,

0:47:080:47:11

and the light is at the top, you definitely feel as

0:47:110:47:16

if you belonged here, as if this is a part of you.

0:47:160:47:20

It's not just a projection, it's kind of a deep feeling,

0:47:200:47:24

and I think you get that in landscape, erm...

0:47:240:47:26

And you don't get it in any art that is not bigger than you.

0:47:280:47:32

'More recently, Jencks has completed a new work -

0:47:360:47:39

'the Crawick Multiverse,

0:47:390:47:41

'a monumental series of land forms in Dumfriesshire.

0:47:430:47:46

'It references so many ancient monuments -

0:47:480:47:52

'stone circles, long barrows and burial mounds.

0:47:520:47:56

'But this is inspired by the science of our own age.'

0:47:560:47:59

So how do you see your relationship to nature?

0:48:110:48:15

We're part of nature, but as religions have always said,

0:48:150:48:19

we're different from nature,

0:48:190:48:21

and I think both are very deep inside us.

0:48:210:48:24

And so landscape art,

0:48:240:48:27

and art in general, should show that very strange human relationship

0:48:270:48:32

to the universe, er, that is both feeling at home

0:48:320:48:36

and feeling separate from it.

0:48:360:48:39

I know that everything here has multiple meanings...

0:48:470:48:49

-Yes.

-..but what are you trying to achieve with this garden?

0:48:490:48:53

Well, I'm trying to achieve the old idea that we're

0:48:530:48:57

partly at home in the universe and we should celebrate that.

0:48:570:49:01

And if you haven't enjoyed it and found it amusing and colourful

0:49:010:49:05

and sensuous and delightful...

0:49:050:49:08

It should do all of that,

0:49:080:49:10

so I think if you're not happy in this garden,

0:49:100:49:13

er, I've failed.

0:49:130:49:15

'I don't think Charles Jencks has failed.

0:49:190:49:21

'What he has achieved both here

0:49:240:49:26

'and at the Crawick Multiverse is hugely impressive.'

0:49:260:49:29

Charles Jencks' garden is a microcosm of the universe itself.

0:49:350:49:40

Now, of course, it's absurdly grandiose, of course it is,

0:49:420:49:46

but in a way, all gardens are worlds within worlds.

0:49:460:49:50

All gardens are ways by which humans try to negotiate

0:49:500:49:53

a place for themselves amid the mysteries of nature.

0:49:530:49:58

'The garden is our most explicit attempt not simply to

0:50:030:50:07

'reshape nature, but to possess it.

0:50:070:50:10

'But while we can possess the land,

0:50:110:50:14

'one natural realm will forever elude us.'

0:50:140:50:17

"It is a strange thing how little in general people know about the sky.

0:50:370:50:41

"It is the part of creation in which Nature has done

0:50:410:50:44

"more for the sake of pleasing man,

0:50:440:50:46

"more for the sole and evident purpose of talking to him

0:50:460:50:49

"and teaching him than in any other of her works.

0:50:490:50:52

"And it is just the part in which we least attend to her.

0:50:520:50:55

"There is not a moment of any day of our lives when nature is not

0:50:570:51:00

"producing scene after scene, picture after picture,

0:51:000:51:03

"glory after glory.

0:51:030:51:05

"The noblest scenes of the earth can be seen and known but by few,

0:51:060:51:10

"but the sky is for all."

0:51:100:51:13

'I love these words, written by John Ruskin more than 100 years ago.

0:51:240:51:29

'And he is, of course, right.

0:51:370:51:38

'Too often we ignore the beauty that lies above us.

0:51:390:51:42

'It is indeed the eternal masterpiece.

0:51:460:51:49

'And in the Yorkshire Sculpture Park, one structure has been

0:52:000:52:03

'devised expressly to draw our focus up to the sky.

0:52:030:52:07

'For me, it is one of Britain's most inspiring artworks.'

0:52:130:52:17

So this is it.

0:52:220:52:25

It's a small square room, surrounded on all sides by concrete benches.

0:52:250:52:31

It's a simple place, actually quite understated, but what's

0:52:310:52:35

important about it, what's beautiful about it, is up there.

0:52:350:52:40

'This is a "Skyspace," by the American artist James Turrell.

0:52:550:53:00

'In the middle of the ceiling,

0:53:030:53:05

'he has cut an aperture that opens directly onto the sky.

0:53:050:53:09

'All he asks his viewers to do is open their eyes and look up.

0:53:130:53:17

'As one slowly adjusts to the scene, one becomes transfixed.'

0:53:390:53:44

This has been one of the great, great experiences for me,

0:54:020:54:05

and, you know, the skyspace does something really miraculous,

0:54:050:54:09

it makes the sky come indoors, it really feels like the sky is

0:54:090:54:13

hovering inside this room, that you could even reach up and touch it.

0:54:130:54:17

And, you know, I've been sitting here for a few hours now,

0:54:190:54:22

and watching this incredible drama unfold above me,

0:54:220:54:26

I've seen this amazing palette of blues change,

0:54:260:54:29

I've seen clouds scud across the ceiling,

0:54:290:54:32

and I've seen the odd cameo of birds and jet planes.

0:54:320:54:37

And, you know, it has been gripping, completely gripping throughout.

0:54:370:54:41

I think one of the lessons that James Turrell teaches you is

0:54:430:54:46

patience, because you can't just come in here

0:54:460:54:48

and spend 30 seconds and then walk out again.

0:54:480:54:52

You have to sit down, you have to look up, and you have to just wait,

0:54:520:54:57

and you have to adjust to the rhythms of nature.

0:54:570:55:00

And, you know, it reminds me that

0:55:000:55:02

the greatest art

0:55:020:55:04

does something very simple.

0:55:040:55:06

It makes the familiar seem completely unfamiliar.

0:55:070:55:11

It makes you see the world in an entirely new way.

0:55:110:55:16

'I couldn't bring myself to leave the skyspace.

0:55:250:55:28

'So I stayed on into the evening.

0:55:300:55:32

'And inside, there was more magic to come.

0:55:350:55:38

'As the sun sets, perfectly adjusted lights have a remarkable effect

0:55:430:55:47

'on the colour of the sky at dusk.

0:55:470:55:50

'The sky turns an overwhelmingly intense blue, deepening more

0:56:050:56:10

'and more as the night encroaches.

0:56:100:56:13

'It is like an abstract painting made by nature itself.

0:56:180:56:22

'On my travels around the British Isles,

0:56:470:56:50

'I visited six distinct landscapes.

0:56:500:56:52

'And I've found inspiring

0:56:540:56:56

'and beautiful things everywhere I've gone.

0:56:560:56:58

'I've seen some artworks thrive for decades.

0:57:000:57:03

'And others only last a few moments.

0:57:040:57:07

'I've seen unforgettable, elemental struggles.

0:57:100:57:14

'And peaceful, but thought-provoking havens.

0:57:180:57:21

'Each of them taps into our ancient desire to make a mark on the land...

0:57:230:57:28

'..while redefining what modern art can be.

0:57:290:57:32

'And each of them finds beauty in a world we often take for granted.

0:57:350:57:39

'Together they prove that art is everywhere.

0:57:450:57:48

'All we need to do is go out into nature and find it.'

0:57:500:57:54

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