Ceremony: The Return of Friedrich Engels


Ceremony: The Return of Friedrich Engels

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HOWLING

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SHE HOWLS

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Manchester is where the idea of Communism was born,

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the first industrial city, not Imperial Russia.

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Friedrich Engels, whose work with Karl Marx

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inspired the Russian Revolution, lived here for more than 20 years.

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His most famous work, The Condition of the Working Class in England,

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was based on what he saw in Manchester.

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I wanted to bring a symbol of Communism back to its roots,

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and to make this connection concrete.

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Ceremony is three things seen through the prism of Engels.

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One, the search for a statue of him and its journey back home.

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Two, the everyday stories of people from Manchester who welcomed me

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into their lives.

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And three, a homecoming party to inaugurate the statue.

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Since the financial crash, Britain has changed beyond recognition.

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It seems to many that the parallels between the conditions Engels was

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writing about and the realities of life in Britain today

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are blindingly obvious.

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I am awake.

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Again.

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Unawake, I think...

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And me, I never left the area.

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The words they used against us changed around me.

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The litany of tabs and sanctions,

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the imperative sell yourself.

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Sell yourself again.

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As if you have an appetite.

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So I set out to look for a statue of Engels.

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I hit the road in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine,

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and I discover that an Engels in good nick with a passport out

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is a hard thing to find.

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The poster boys of the revolution have always been Lenin and Marx.

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Engels, for the most part, appears only as Marx's sidekick.

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In some countries, they still keep pride of place.

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In others, the statues are removed,

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but the villages hide them, just in case.

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As they explained, things might change, you never know.

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Well, true enough, you don't.

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1989 means different things to different places.

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Mention it in Manchester, epicentre of a pop cultural revolution,

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and people remember acid house, ecstasy, Hacienda.

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Mention it in the former East,

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and people talk about the fall of the Berlin Wall.

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CHEERING

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"Workers.

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"To you, I dedicate a work in which I have tried to lay before

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"my German countrymen a faithful picture of your condition.

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"I wanted more than a mere abstract knowledge of my subject.

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"I wanted to see you in your own homes,

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"to observe you in your everyday life.

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"To witness your struggles against the social and political power

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"of your oppressors.

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"Having, at the same time,

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"ample opportunity to watch the middle classes,

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"your opponent.

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"I soon came to the conclusion that you are right.

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"Perfectly right in expecting no support whatever from them.

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"Though they always will try to maintain the country,

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"and to make you believe in their most hearty sympathy

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"with your fates, their actions give them the lie."

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NOISY CHATTER

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All right, OK.

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See you, man.

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Oh, yeah, I got a job now.

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No, it's in a corner shop store.

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But I get £7 an hour, so I'll be rolling.

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And then I'll come visit you, probably. Probably, if you're lucky.

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If you're lucky.

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No, I'm joking!

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As soon as I get my first pay cheque, train booked, everything.

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I have missed you, I have missed you.

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Like the smidge-ist bit, you get me? Not too much.

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Not too little, though,

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so I don't want you to think that I don't miss you at all.

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I'll speak to you in a bit, then.

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All right then.

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All right. Easy.

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It's like, nothing can touch me at that moment of time, like,

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I'm the coolest dancer in Manchester. In my head, obviously!

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But that's what you've got to think.

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I'd love to be a dancer, that is what I want to be.

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But, like, I look after my little brother, so that's kind of a stop.

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Because I have to look after him from 8am to 8pm.

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Money comes in here a lot, because if you don't have money,

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then you can't get to the place where you need to perform,

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or the place where you need to audition.

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Because if you're low on money, then you can't get there.

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If you can get there, how you getting back?

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CHILDREN SING IN OWN LANGUAGE

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And that's us off. A year after the uprising of 2014,

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the Ukrainian government passed a law

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insisting that all Communist monuments had to be removed.

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Over 2,500 statues were taken down,

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and one lucky Engels gets a new home in Manchester.

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When he arrives, he will be taken to Engels's Exchange,

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a square transformed for one day into a shared space of ideas,

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and the kind of a good time which Engels loved.

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As well as being a committed revolutionary,

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his favourite saying, unbelievably, was the very Mancunian,

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"take it easy".

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I invited local activists and community groups

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to set up stations where they could discuss with the public

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the continuities between today's situation and Engels's work.

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He should be as relevant to us today

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as he was for the Russian Revolution.

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You get sent home now. You get sent home.

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Why are you going to the palace?

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Because that's where the Emperor is.

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We got him, we've got Russia.

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We've got factories!

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Roll the dice.

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Boom!

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THEY CHEER

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So, that was Friedrich Engels on his way.

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Who is Friedrich Engels?

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Well, the son of a German mill owner.

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And the family owned a factory in Weaste in Salford.

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It's called Ermen and Engels.

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And later on, it gets called Winterbottoms,

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some of you might remember it as Winterbottoms.

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In 1842, Engels's dad says, "Right, son,

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"it's your turn to go to Manchester and take over the family business."

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So he's 22 years old, and he comes over here, starts off as a clerk,

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and later steps into the boss seat.

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And that's the brilliant contradiction about this man.

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He's a capitalist boss by day,

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but he's a Communist party animal by night.

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And he spends the next 20 years living, and loving,

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and working in Manchester.

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And he does fall in love,

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he falls in love with a woman on the factory floor,

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and her name is Mary Burns.

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They don't get married, because they don't believe in marriage.

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They don't believe in the idea of women as property.

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We haven't got any pictures of Mary, we don't know what she looked like.

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But she's really important in the story of Engels,

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because she took him into the back streets of Manchester,

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and she showed him the real life of the working people,

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which at that time was poor housing, ill health,

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exploitation, overcrowding,

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and a general lack of workers' rights.

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Sound familiar?

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And after Mary's death, he actually takes up with her sister, Lizzie,

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and on Lizzie's deathbed,

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Engels goes against his principles

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and he marries her, to fulfil her dying wish.

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What a guy.

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You know, I was 28 when I had my stroke.

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I woke up and thought, "this is unusual".

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I always remember your face just dropped,

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you just looked...

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I tried to stay strong,

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but that broke my heart when I seen you walking like that.

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-What have you got for dinner?

-Salad sandwich.

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Woohoo, not beans on toast today, then, with cheese on top?

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-No, that's your speciality, isn't it?

-Yeah.

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I still get stiffness now.

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When I tell people about it, I say that you can't see it

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until you really look.

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Because, like, when you're picking up stuff, you know...

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Or carrying them cups, and spill it all over people?

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But if people just see you how you are...

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I thought that was funny, that isn't funny.

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Remember when I kicked someone? I was riding my bike!

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I was riding my bike once, because I weren't allowed to drive at first,

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and then I kicked someone!

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Oh, no, I've had a stroke!

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They were looking at me like they were going to beat me up!

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She was dead good though, you came back to work quite quickly.

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I couldn't afford to stay off, could I?

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I've got no money.

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But that's how it is, isn't it?

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I don't know how we do it.

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Sometimes I don't know how we do it.

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"Of course, only a few actually die of hunger.

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"But what guarantee has the worker

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"that this will not be her fate tomorrow?

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"Who will give her security of employment,

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"if for any cause her employer dismisses her?

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"Who will ensure that success will follow the practice of honesty,

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"hard work, and thrift?

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"Those virtues so heartily recommended

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"by the middle classes in their wisdom.

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"Nobody.

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"The worker knows only too well that employment and food today

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"do not mean employment and food tomorrow."

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Make no mistake.

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The tenor of the times, paying for banks to lift your pockets.

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For millionaires to vent their fears and rage on you.

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Watching your freedom like an egg timer.

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Like some limping sitcom you can't switch off.

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Forking out

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to be a hostage of pleasure.

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Wanking over bank statements,

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and paying for your own prison cell in easy instalments.

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Hi, there! Have you ever thought about shoplifting?

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It's a really great time to start.

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There's 2,000 less police on the streets.

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Crime's down, shoplifting's up.

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It's a fantastic time to do it.

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SHE MAKES A BEEPING SOUND

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But they're not on my case because I've actually created a mystery bag.

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Are you anti-austerity?

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Well, actually, there is an increase in shoplifting due to austerity,

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a lot of people shoplift for their dinner and personal hygiene.

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But you do not know about pioneers, for example.

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-The pioneers' work. Partisans.

-Oh, partisans?

-Yeah.

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-Chetniks?

-Chetniks? Yeah.

-National Liberation Army?

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"Instead of rising with the progress of industry,

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"the modern labourer sinks deeper and deeper

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"below the conditions of existence,

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"and is allowed to live only insofar

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"as the interest of the ruling class requires it.

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"The worker is, in fact, the slave of the middle-class capitalists.

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"He is a slave because he is sold in the same way as goods are sold.

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"He is sold piecemeal by the day,

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"the week, or by the year.

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"He is not sold by one owner to another,

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"but he is forced to sell himself in this fashion."

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Hi, good morning. I'm ringing from a work club in Cheatham Hill

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in Manchester, on behalf of one of my clients,

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who would like to apply for Job-seeker's Allowance.

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-Have you had Job-seeker's Allowance in the last six months?

-No.

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No, he hasn't, he hasn't, no.

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He's had a job at the Amazon warehouse.

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Yes, he has, he's had housing benefit, yeah.

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Oh, so you can put a claim in for housing benefit at the same time?

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Do you want us to put a claim for housing benefit at the same time?

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-Please, yeah.

-Yes, please, yes, please.

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-No, you don't own the property, do you?

-No.

-No. He'd like to.

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No, I'm only joking, he doesn't own it, no.

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Who lives at the property where you are now?

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There's eight other people, it's like a shared house.

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He lives with eight other people.

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Yeah. Have you got a partner?

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-No.

-No, he doesn't have a partner, no.

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Um...

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Sorry, what's your sexuality?

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-Do you know?

-I'm a man.

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-Yeah, do you...

-I'm male.

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Do you like women, or...

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-Cars?

-..men?

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Yeah, he's heterosexual.

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Huh?!

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INAUDIBLE

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-You don't share your room?

-No.

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No, he doesn't, no, he's on his own.

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Do you have your own bathroom?

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No.

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No, it's a communal bathroom.

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-Yeah.

-Do you have your own kitchen?

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-No, it's a shared kitchen.

-Shared kitchen, as well.

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Yeah, it's communal, a communal kitchen.

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Yeah, yeah, he's just been working, so he is permitted to work.

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Do you have £16,000 in savings?

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It'd be nice. I wish I had it. No, he doesn't have it.

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No, no, sorry. I haven't got it either. No, he hasn't got £16,000.

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Have you got any more small plates?

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..with ballpoint pens, cooking up schemes to cost cut your future.

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Can they charge you for walking?

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They'd probably like to.

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Charge you for drinking water, they already do.

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Charge you for pissing?

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They do that, too.

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For breathing in air, or looking up at the stars at night.

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And the marketing companies are the extremists of the age,

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writing large,

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believing in nothing.

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They don't care about you.

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They'll never care about you.

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APPLAUSE

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..the different connections between people who are sat here, yeah?

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We've got the phone line,

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and a brother, and he's connected to the driver

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by trying to make phone calls...

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"The whole legal system has been devised

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"to protect those who own property from those who do not.

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"The laws are needed only because people exist who have no property.

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"If the worker cannot find employment,

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"he can steal.

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"Unless he's afraid of the police.

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"Or he can go hungry,

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"and then the police will see to it that he will die of hunger

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"in such a way as not to disturb the equanimity of the middle classes.

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"The English workers call this social murder."

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SHE LAUGHS

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A ceremony is ultimately an act of collaboration,

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and I knew I'd need an anthem to roll out the red carpet for Engels.

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And if you want an anthem for statue of a communist revolutionary...

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..who better to ask than Gruff Rhys,

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a North Walian Renaissance socialist pop star

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with an original Soviet Polivoks synth at hand?

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This sort of thing any good, Gruff, this sound?

0:26:330:26:37

TECHNO BEAT

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# All that's saw it

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# Melts into it

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# We've got nothing to lose

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# But our chains

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# Hail the oppressor

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# That frees the oppressed

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# We've got nothing to lose

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# But our chains

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# Renationalise

0:27:250:27:28

# The hope in your eyes

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# We've got nothing to lose

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# But your chains

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# Don't rationalise

0:27:410:27:45

# The jars on your mind

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# We've got nothing to lose

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# But your chains... #

0:27:530:27:56

What does Engels think of as he travels from east to west?

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Does he recognise places and sites?

0:28:000:28:03

Have they changed much since his time?

0:28:030:28:05

I've lived in Berlin for ten years now.

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It's a city which forces you to confront the fact

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that society's unwilling to reflect on its own ideological structures.

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East Germany was an autocratic police state,

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with a ruling elite obsessed with surveillance,

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and unelected leaders dominated by the interests of the superpower.

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Sound like anywhere you know?

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The mass-organised May Day parades,

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with their emphasis on solidarity and liberation movements,

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were part of what I thought of when I dreamed of Engel's Exchange.

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I wanted to remember a socialism not of uniform activity,

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but of collective interests.

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Berlin still has competing ideologies riven into the city.

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With the West cannibalizing the East,

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building castles and banks in what was once public space.

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Which begs the central question, what is liberation?

0:29:130:29:17

Liberated into what?

0:29:170:29:19

Good morning, Julie!

0:29:210:29:23

How many orders have you got in?

0:29:230:29:25

Right, seven. OK, that's not a problem.

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How many children in the families?

0:29:300:29:33

Right, OK. So baby formula, wipes... Er...

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Yeah, brilliant.

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No, I can do that, I'm just getting to the food bank now.

0:29:430:29:46

Yeah, that's great. All right, see you in a little while.

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Bye-bye!

0:29:500:29:51

-All right, Jude?

-Yeah, I delivered the food.

0:30:030:30:06

-I think I managed to get everything, even the nappies.

-Oh, good.

0:30:060:30:09

-Right, no worries, I'll copy you into it as usual.

-Okey doke.

0:30:190:30:23

Where have you come from?

0:30:330:30:35

-Wythenshawe.

-Wythenshawe?

-Yeah.

-Didn't realise it was that far away.

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What's it like, the place you're in? Is it all right?

0:30:380:30:41

-Yeah, it's all right, yeah.

-Is it all women, or all men, or...

0:30:410:30:44

It's all men, and there's me, and one old woman.

0:30:440:30:47

-Is that all?

-Yeah.

0:30:470:30:49

There's only two women in the place?

0:30:490:30:51

-Yeah.

-What are they like? What sort of people are in there?

0:30:510:30:53

Like, everyone, obviously apart from me...

0:30:530:30:56

-Yeah?

-..takes heroin and stuff.

0:30:560:30:59

-Really?

-Crack, spice, and drinks...

0:30:590:31:01

And what do the staff do about it?

0:31:010:31:04

It's a wet house, you're allowed.

0:31:040:31:06

Oh, is it a wet house? Right, I didn't realise.

0:31:060:31:08

-When I went to the Booth Centre...

-Mm?

0:31:080:31:11

..someone hit me.

0:31:110:31:13

-Right.

-So, then I got took straight to the top of the list,

0:31:130:31:18

because it was a danger, me being on the street.

0:31:180:31:20

-How old is he?

-He's six.

0:31:240:31:26

Because I was thinking about supervised visits...

0:31:270:31:31

Like babies, because you've had him for five years,

0:31:310:31:33

with babies, if someone's homeless and pregnant,

0:31:330:31:36

the baby's more or less usually removed at birth,

0:31:360:31:39

and then they've got to jump through all the hoops with social services

0:31:390:31:41

before they can have the baby back.

0:31:410:31:43

And you had him for five years before he went away,

0:31:430:31:45

so you got that built-up relationship with him.

0:31:450:31:48

-Yeah.

-So, I think the stuff that we're going to do with you

0:31:480:31:52

is increase contact first, what do you think?

0:31:520:31:54

It wouldn't be suitable for him to him stay overnight, would it?

0:31:540:31:58

No, he's not allowed in. He's got to be over 16 to stay there.

0:31:580:32:01

Right. Where are you up to with him at the minute?

0:32:010:32:04

I see him every two weeks, so twice a month,

0:32:040:32:08

and I have phone contact on a Sunday.

0:32:080:32:11

When he gets on the phone, like, if he's got something in front of him,

0:32:110:32:15

he's, like, showing me.

0:32:150:32:17

You know what I mean? I can't see, though!

0:32:170:32:19

-He thinks he's showing you.

-Yeah, he goes, "Can you see it?".

0:32:190:32:22

-I see.

-Yeah.

-If I could wave a magic wand and sort everything out for you

0:32:220:32:26

now, what would it be?

0:32:260:32:28

Um...

0:32:280:32:29

Just me and Thomas in our own house together.

0:32:290:32:33

"So what, they said to the poor is,

0:32:450:32:48

"you have the right to exist, but just to exist, and no more.

0:32:480:32:53

"You have certainly no right to breed,

0:32:530:32:56

"still less to live in a civilised world like normal human beings.

0:32:560:33:00

"You are like a plague.

0:33:000:33:02

"We shall stop you from contaminating others

0:33:020:33:06

"who might become idle or unemployed through your evil example.

0:33:060:33:10

"We shall let you live,

0:33:110:33:13

"but only as an awful example to others

0:33:130:33:16

"who might be tempted to become superfluous."

0:33:160:33:18

Public statues are interesting,

0:33:230:33:25

because even though they memorialize the ideology of a nation,

0:33:250:33:28

they become invisible over time.

0:33:280:33:30

Like everybody, when I look at a statue, I ask myself,

0:33:320:33:35

can statues feel? And, what do they see?

0:33:350:33:39

Are they excited about the changes in fashions and tastes?

0:33:410:33:45

The tourists and the stray dogs, the spliffs and the cruisers?

0:33:450:33:49

The demonstrations and rallies?

0:33:490:33:51

First dates and break-ups?

0:33:510:33:53

Pension days and riot squads?

0:33:530:33:55

Are they minded by the bird shit, the piss, and the drizzle?

0:33:550:34:00

The scorching heat, and the slow death of snow?

0:34:000:34:02

What does the onslaught of decades feel like?

0:34:040:34:06

In 2010, I was working on a film with former Marxist teachers.

0:34:080:34:11

I heard that an iconic statue of Marx and Engels

0:34:110:34:15

was going to be moved from its original location

0:34:150:34:17

to a nearby less conspicuous site.

0:34:170:34:19

Discreetly obscured by bushes,

0:34:190:34:22

and cruelly reorientated to face the West.

0:34:220:34:25

Ah!

0:35:280:35:29

Ooh!

0:35:290:35:31

If you're paying in order to be cared for in the home,

0:35:320:35:35

then what happens is that your first and foremost experience

0:35:350:35:38

of that violence is coming from that institution.

0:35:380:35:41

If you're a service user of the welfare state, or job centre,

0:35:410:35:45

if you're a job seeker,

0:35:450:35:46

your first and foremost experience of that violence

0:35:460:35:49

is coming from the job centre.

0:35:490:35:51

If you're a service user of the NHS,

0:35:510:35:52

your experience of violence has come from the NHS,

0:35:520:35:55

and that's what we mean by "institutional violence".

0:35:550:35:58

Can you take the front off. I'm going to do the mounting underneath.

0:36:140:36:18

-How much did you pay for this one?

-80 quid.

0:36:180:36:22

What do you reckon we'll get for it?

0:36:220:36:24

Eh?

0:36:250:36:27

Hopefully more than £80!

0:36:270:36:29

Yeah, I know, but what though?

0:36:290:36:31

The cat's 60.

0:36:310:36:33

Yeah, that was £60 for the engine.

0:36:330:36:35

£60 for the engine, that's 120.

0:36:350:36:38

60, for the car, the shell...

0:36:390:36:42

Yeah, that'll cover...

0:36:420:36:44

So that's £180, is it?

0:36:440:36:46

-Yeah.

-And then you've got, how many good tyres for it?

0:36:460:36:49

-Wheels, three.

-Three good tyres, tenner a tyre.

-30 quid.

0:36:490:36:51

£210, alloys?

0:36:510:36:53

-And the alloys, yeah.

-£40?

0:36:530:36:55

-Yeah.

-250, spend £80 on it.

0:36:550:36:58

-Do the maths.

-You didn't go to school, you?

0:36:580:37:01

No, I'm no good at maths! You know I'm not, I'm useless at it!

0:37:010:37:04

-I did go to school!

-Yeah, not very often.

0:37:050:37:07

I didn't start learning to read and write, though, till I was about 13.

0:37:070:37:11

-You know what book I read, don't you?

-Uh, The Governor?

0:37:390:37:42

-The only book I've ever read...

-LAUGHTER

0:37:420:37:45

What are you laughing at?!

0:37:450:37:46

-It's the only book.

-It don't mean I'm what's it called, illiterate?

0:37:460:37:49

-Is that the right word?

-No.

0:37:490:37:51

-I can read.

-Well, you ain't illiterate then.

0:37:510:37:54

I can read a newspaper.

0:37:540:37:55

-Doesn't make a difference.

-You know where I read that book?

0:37:550:37:58

-Eh?

-Buckley Hall.

-Yeah.

0:37:580:38:00

-Robbery, wasn't it?

-Robbery, yeah.

0:38:000:38:02

Two sleeves with eyes cut out of it!

0:38:020:38:06

Two knots at the end of it.

0:38:060:38:08

I remember! I still remember that like yesterday!

0:38:080:38:11

"The middle classes have little to hope and much to fear

0:38:170:38:21

"from the education of the workers.

0:38:210:38:23

"It is in the interest of the middle classes that wages should be high

0:38:250:38:29

"enough to enable the workers to bring up their children,

0:38:290:38:32

"who will, in due course, be fit for regular employment.

0:38:320:38:35

"On the other hand, the worker's wages must be low enough

0:38:350:38:40

"to force him to send his children to the factory,

0:38:400:38:43

"rather than encourage them to improve their lot by training

0:38:430:38:47

"for something better than mere factory labour."

0:38:470:38:50

-I have to do six more than you.

-Yeah, I know, I told you to do that.

0:38:500:38:54

-All right, Dad?

-All right, love?

0:38:560:38:58

-What have you been up to?

-School.

-Everything all right at school?

0:38:580:39:01

How did the exam go?

0:39:010:39:04

Ahh, don't shut my fingers...

0:39:040:39:06

-It went crap!

-Why?

0:39:060:39:08

-Well, I just couldn't do it.

-What do you mean, you couldn't do it?

0:39:080:39:11

-Dad, I just couldn't do it.

-You revised for it, didn't you?

0:39:110:39:14

Well, I've tried, I just can't do it.

0:39:140:39:17

You need to try harder, mate, try harder.

0:39:170:39:19

Try harder? I'm trying my hardest!

0:39:190:39:21

-Yeah, whatever.

-Oh, you know what? I don't care, whatever.

0:39:210:39:24

Let's get these in, Dave. Get the ramps put in.

0:39:240:39:27

Come on, love.

0:39:360:39:37

-Eh?

-What?

-Well, tell us, you know, how bad's it gone?

0:39:370:39:41

Rubbish, dad, it went crap.

0:39:410:39:43

Why did it go crap? Did you finish it, did you complete it?

0:39:430:39:46

-No.

-Well, you've had time to revise it.

0:39:460:39:49

Dad, I've not been able to do it,

0:39:490:39:51

I don't have a clue about what's going on with any of these papers.

0:39:510:39:54

I told the teacher, and she just couldn't care less.

0:39:540:39:57

I can see your teacher, see if you can do it again, or something.

0:39:570:40:00

There's got to be something we can do, isn't there? Eh?

0:40:000:40:03

-Having my own room would help.

-What?

0:40:030:40:06

I just can't focus in there, Dad.

0:40:060:40:08

All there ever is screaming and mess.

0:40:080:40:10

Listen, people make do with what they've got, yeah?

0:40:100:40:13

That's what they do, love, so cheer up.

0:40:130:40:16

Come on. I'll see your teacher, see if you can get a re-sit, yeah?

0:40:160:40:19

-Like she's going to listen to you!

-Yeah, she's going to listen to me.

0:40:190:40:23

Stop trying to cheer me up.

0:40:230:40:24

Why? Is this cheering you up?

0:40:240:40:26

-Is it?

-No...

0:40:260:40:27

Oh, come on, I know what I'm talking about.

0:40:270:40:30

I know what I'm doing, I'll see your teacher.

0:40:300:40:32

Cheer up, don't let it get you down, yeah?

0:40:320:40:34

-You don't want to work at McDonald's, do you?

-No.

0:40:340:40:36

-So what do you want to do?

-I want to be a poet.

0:40:360:40:39

Well there you go. Don't let it get you down, yeah?

0:40:390:40:42

-All right.

-All right, don't worry about it.

-Ow!

0:40:420:40:45

Stop right away!

0:40:450:40:47

-All right? Don't let it worry you. Yeah?

-All right.

0:40:470:40:51

You make me proud.

0:40:510:40:52

There's not that many traces of Engels left in Manchester.

0:41:170:41:20

Partly because he moved around a lot, and lived under pseudonyms.

0:41:200:41:24

Partly because they knock everything down in Manchester

0:41:240:41:28

to build luxury flats and office blocks.

0:41:280:41:32

But, in the working-class movement library,

0:41:390:41:41

there's a portfolio scrapbook made by a local schoolteacher,

0:41:410:41:45

Roy Whitfield, who, when he retired in the 1980s,

0:41:450:41:48

dedicated his life to going around Manchester and Salford,

0:41:480:41:52

photographing the sites where Engels lived and work.

0:41:520:41:55

OK, so the portfolio's called Friedrich Engels in Manchester.

0:41:550:42:00

1842 to 1844,

0:42:000:42:03

and 1851 to 1870.

0:42:030:42:05

So those were the two crucial periods when Engels was resident

0:42:050:42:09

-in Manchester.

-Yeah.

-And...

0:42:090:42:11

..according to this photograph,

0:42:130:42:14

this is where they began writing the manifesto.

0:42:140:42:18

-Yeah.

-The Communist Manifesto.

0:42:180:42:20

It's just to the back of Victoria Station.

0:42:200:42:22

-That was where they moved from.

-Right.

0:42:320:42:34

-And that's Cecil Street now.

-Yeah, yeah. Wow, gosh. It's changed.

0:42:340:42:39

-And this is...

-Moss Lane East.

-Yeah.

-Yeah.

0:42:420:42:45

That must be the Central Library.

0:42:480:42:50

That's the Central Library.

0:42:500:42:52

1856.

0:42:520:42:54

Probably around the time that Dickens was doing talks there.

0:42:540:42:58

I think this is Victoria Mills.

0:43:080:43:11

That was Engels's factory, wasn't it?

0:43:110:43:13

-Yeah.

-This is obviously the photographs from the 1980s.

0:43:130:43:16

-And it's changed already since the 1980s.

-Yeah.

0:43:180:43:20

I think it's a motorway, isn't it?

0:43:200:43:22

I keep getting confused with my bearings

0:43:220:43:25

because it's changed so much.

0:43:250:43:27

But this was the area where people emigrated to during the famine...

0:43:290:43:33

-Ah.

-..in Ireland.

0:43:330:43:35

There used to be a homeless hostel.

0:43:350:43:37

And that's gone now.

0:43:370:43:39

A few months before Ceremony,

0:43:450:43:46

I came across a rooftop protest just across from what in Engels's time

0:43:460:43:50

used to be the slums of "Little Ireland".

0:43:500:43:53

A group of rough sleepers squatted in an empty building for shelter.

0:43:550:43:59

It's been slated for redevelopment,

0:44:000:44:02

and the authorities have tried to evict them.

0:44:020:44:04

Homelessness in Manchester is at an all-time high.

0:44:070:44:11

The protest made me think again about the magnetic power of simple,

0:44:140:44:17

everyday resistance,

0:44:170:44:19

and its immediate abstraction into spectacle.

0:44:190:44:21

Abroad on a raft.

0:44:360:44:38

In my own back yard.

0:44:380:44:40

Discounted outlet to drive to on the edges of town.

0:44:400:44:43

And the breadline queues of Britain, its prisons fit to bursting.

0:44:430:44:49

And you?

0:44:490:44:50

Tired for the ache of admiring all the new cars owned by no-one.

0:44:500:44:56

Arm wrestled into convenience,

0:44:560:44:59

frog marched into debt.

0:44:590:45:02

Lie back, and take one up the arse

0:45:020:45:05

for an England of white teeth detention centres,

0:45:050:45:09

and the undeserving persecuted.

0:45:090:45:12

"Terrible poverty prevails among factory workers in Wuppertal.

0:45:300:45:34

"Out of 2,500 children of school age,

0:45:340:45:38

"1,200 are deprived of education and grow up in factories,

0:45:380:45:44

"mainly so that the manufacturer need not pay the adults

0:45:440:45:48

"twice the wage he pays a child.

0:45:480:45:51

"But the wealthy manufacturers have a flexible conscience,

0:45:510:45:55

"and causing the death of one child more, or one less,

0:45:550:45:59

"does not doom a pietous soul to hell,

0:45:590:46:02

"especially if he goes to Church twice every Sunday."

0:46:020:46:06

CHURCH BELLS TOLL

0:46:060:46:09

I live half my time in Wuppertal.

0:46:480:46:50

It's in North Rhine-Westphalia, the industrial heartland of Europe.

0:46:500:46:54

And in the 19th century,

0:46:540:46:55

Wuppertal was known as the Manchester of Germany.

0:46:550:46:58

It's where Engels was born and grew up.

0:46:580:47:01

There's a replica of his family home,

0:47:030:47:06

and a museum for early industrialization.

0:47:060:47:08

And the Chinese, for whom Engels is still a household name,

0:47:080:47:12

recently sent a new statue as a gift to the city.

0:47:120:47:15

Next to the area north of Jordan,

0:49:520:49:56

next to Palestine and Lebanon.

0:49:560:49:58

I'm from this small town, it's called Dafna.

0:49:580:50:01

I used to live in Damascus, and I used to study in the city.

0:50:010:50:05

I fell in love with a girl.

0:50:070:50:09

I asked my dad, I want to marry that girl.

0:50:090:50:11

He said, "How do you want to marry her if you don't have money?"

0:50:110:50:15

"Though my English may not be pure,

0:50:310:50:34

"I hope you will find it plain English.

0:50:340:50:38

"No working man in England treated me as a foreigner.

0:50:380:50:42

"With the greatest pleasure,

0:50:440:50:45

"I observe you to be free from that blasting curse.

0:50:450:50:49

"National prejudice and national pride,

0:50:490:50:52

"which, after all, means nothing but wholesale selfishness.

0:50:520:50:57

"I observe you to sympathise with everyone

0:50:580:51:02

"who earnestly applies his powers to human progress,

0:51:020:51:06

"to admire everything great and good,

0:51:060:51:09

"whether nursed on your native soil or not.

0:51:090:51:12

"I found you to be more than mere Englishmen,

0:51:140:51:17

"members of a single isolated nation..."

0:51:170:51:20

"I found you to be man.

0:51:210:51:24

"Members of a great and universal family of mankind,

0:51:240:51:28

"who know their interest, and that of all the human race

0:51:280:51:33

"to be the same."

0:51:330:51:35

So we make it back with a statue born in a Ukrainian Village in 1970,

0:51:570:52:01

made by an unknown sculptor.

0:52:010:52:03

What would Engels think of England today?

0:52:050:52:08

Why is the undisclosed war on those with the least

0:52:080:52:12

dressed in the rhetoric of nationalism and xenophobia?

0:52:120:52:15

In what forms are the relentless pursuit of profit and resources

0:52:170:52:20

responsible for the violence of austerity and the refugee crisis?

0:52:200:52:24

And who would he see as the new proletariat?

0:52:260:52:28

I imagine he'd see links where we seem to have stopped looking,

0:52:330:52:37

and that he'd read them as part of the ongoing struggle

0:52:370:52:40

between property, capital, and the working-class.

0:52:400:52:43

And without a doubt, the sites of potential change.

0:52:430:52:46

# Engels had an angle

0:53:200:53:23

# On this world I've joined

0:53:230:53:26

# With the workers international

0:53:280:53:31

# World-wide

0:53:310:53:34

# But Weaste was his base

0:53:340:53:38

# To reconfigure our race

0:53:380:53:42

# Against capitalism's brutal shackles

0:53:420:53:48

# And pain

0:53:480:53:50

# Maybe Marxism had the x-factor

0:53:500:53:55

# That's Engels-ism never had... #

0:53:550:54:01

Watch you don't go on the road!

0:54:010:54:03

-Are you all right?

-Yes.

-You look tired.

0:54:030:54:07

-Are they new shoes?

-Yeah!

-You've got the creep!

0:54:110:54:15

I wanted to ask her if it's all right.

0:54:150:54:18

She might want white shoes.

0:54:180:54:20

Give me a hand with crossing the road.

0:54:270:54:29

So you can sunbathe!

0:54:310:54:33

-Watch your step, Auntie Mary.

-How was work yesterday?

-OK.

0:54:350:54:38

I know you guys have got two weeks off.

0:54:380:54:41

-Yes!

-I'm not! It'll cost a fortune.

0:54:410:54:44

# But our chains

0:54:460:54:48

# Hail the oppressor

0:54:490:54:52

# That freed the oppressed... #

0:54:530:54:56

Yeah!

0:54:560:54:57

When we're busking, we can go, one, two, three!

0:54:570:55:02

And one more time.

0:55:060:55:07

Yeah!!

0:55:110:55:14

They're not ready for this dance, man!

0:55:140:55:16

# But our chains

0:55:160:55:20

# ..the new age oligarch

0:55:240:55:28

# Got nothing to lose

0:55:300:55:32

# But our chains... #

0:55:330:55:36

We find him a permanent site in Tony Wilson Place,

0:55:360:55:40

outside an art centre fittingly called Home,

0:55:400:55:43

and a stone's throw away from Little Ireland.

0:55:430:55:47

Why bring Communism back to where it all started?

0:55:470:55:50

1989 brought the curtain down on one historical chapter,

0:55:510:55:55

but socialism continues to evolve,

0:55:550:55:58

and remains our best shot at human dignity.

0:55:580:56:00

Or, in Engels's words, the choice is socialism or barbarism.

0:56:000:56:05

Overhead in the skies above.

0:56:050:56:09

The ghouls now speak on our behalf,

0:56:090:56:14

half choked from burgers in the bins,

0:56:140:56:17

half crazed from watching marathons of property shows,

0:56:170:56:23

selling luxury flats that aren't yet built,

0:56:230:56:27

to babies who aren't yet born.

0:56:270:56:29

Turn your living rooms into cash,

0:56:290:56:32

turn your cupboards into cash,

0:56:320:56:35

turn your bedrooms into cash.

0:56:350:56:38

Petty hatreds, cash.

0:56:380:56:41

Here's a TV show idea.

0:56:420:56:44

Children storm the palace, and the Windsors in electric chairs.

0:56:440:56:48

Here's some primetime entertainment.

0:56:480:56:51

Bankers in Strangeways hunger strike.

0:56:510:56:54

Free, but ticketed event.

0:56:540:56:57

CHEERING AND APPLAUSE

0:57:060:57:10

# Communism's coming home

0:57:120:57:14

# Communism's coming home

0:57:140:57:16

# Communism's coming home

0:57:160:57:18

# Communism's coming home

0:57:180:57:20

# To roost

0:57:200:57:22

# To roost

0:57:230:57:26

# To roost

0:57:270:57:30

# To roost

0:57:310:57:34

# Communism's coming home

0:57:350:57:37

# Communism's coming home

0:57:370:57:40

# Communism's coming home

0:57:400:57:42

# Communism's coming home

0:57:420:57:44

# Communism's coming home

0:57:440:57:47

# Communism's coming home

0:57:470:57:48

# Communism's coming home

0:57:480:57:50

# Communism's coming home

0:57:500:57:52

# To roost

0:57:520:57:54

# To roost

0:57:550:57:58

# Nothing to lose

0:57:590:58:02

# But our chains

0:58:020:58:06

# We've got nothing to lose

0:58:080:58:10

# But our chains

0:58:100:58:14

# We've got nothing to lose

0:58:160:58:18

# But our chains. #

0:58:180:58:22

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