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The Queen of Africa: The Miriam Makeba Story

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CHEERING AND APPLAUSE

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'Was born in Johannesburg.

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'She was the first of the great singers

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'from her country to bring South African music to the world.'

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CHEERING AND APPLAUSE

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'They call her Mama Africa, the Queen of South African Music,

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'Miriam Makeba.'

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CHEERING

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MUSIC: "Soweto Blues" by Miriam Makeba

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# The children were flying

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# Bullets dying

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# The mothers screaming and crying

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-# The fathers were working in the city

-Ooh

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# The evening news brought out all the publicity

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# Just a little atrocity

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# Deep in the city

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# Soweto blues

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# Soweto blues

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# Soweto blues

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# Soweto blues... #

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My name happens to be Zenzile Makeba

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Qgwashu Nguvama Yiketheli Nxgowa Bantana Balomzi Xa Ufnu Ubajabulisa

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Ubaphekeli Mbiza Yotshwala Sithi Xa Saku Qgiba Ukutja Sithathe Izitsha

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Sizi Khabe Singama Lawu Singama Qgwashu Singama Nqamla Nqgithi.

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# Way up

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# High Up

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# Way up on Kilimanjaro

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# Resting when the drums are drumming

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# Time to go out hunting

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# Kilimanjaro

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# Da na-na-na-naa na-na

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# Kilim

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# Kilim Kilim Kilim Kill that savage lion

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# Before the lion kills you

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# Mmm-mm-mm-mmmmm... #

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My mother was caught brewing this African beer

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which we called umqombothi.

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And she was arrested.

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I was 18-days-old.

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She did the six months in jail with the baby.

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Me.

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# Kilim

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# Kilim Kilim Kilim

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# Kill that savage lion Before the lion kills you

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# Mm-mm mmm-mmm... #

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I've always liked music, since I was very young.

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And in 1952, I joined a group, they were not professional,

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but, singing with them around the country,

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I was heard by another group

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and they were already professional performers

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and they asked me to join them.

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And I sang with them for three years.

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One thing with Miriam, she had the kind of rendering

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some of the songs that she did with the most perfect feeling.

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If it was going to be a little, jazzy kind of thing,

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she used to be there.

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If it was going to be a sentimental song, she was ready.

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Miriam came on and sang with the Cuban Brothers

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and the 13 of us were up in the balcony

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and we were just completely mesmerised.

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Completely mesmerised. That was the first time I saw Miriam, 1953.

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And we were all madly in love with her, you know.

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She had such an impact on us, we were just blown away.

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MUSIC: "Tula Ndivile" by Miriam Makeba and The Manhattan Brothers

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And we were always saying, "Hey, there's Miriam Makeba."

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And she was, her and The Skylarks were just,

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like, the meanest dressers.

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I mean, they were the best dressed women in the country.

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Er, erm.

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And they wore, like, very high heels and they just, like,

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nobody looked like them.

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Even Marilyn Monroe couldn't get anywhere near them.

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The Skylarks was more for recording. It was Gallo Records' baby.

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It was during the era of the girl groups, you know,

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all those girl groups from America.

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Because, during that time,

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our music was very much influenced by the American music industry.

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Songs that were a hit in America,

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they would give those songs to sing them in Zulu or in Sotho.

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And she was very professional.

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When it came to rehearsals or performances or dressing up,

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she would say to you, "You look good on stage and off stage.

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"You respect yourself on stage and off stage,

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"so that the people can respect you."

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Miriam never studied music, it was just natural talent.

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But I think because, before she left the country,

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she had been surrounded by all these great musicians,

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South African jazz giants, Gwangwa, Hugh, Makete.

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THEY SING IN AFRICAN LANGUAGE

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I love this place and, besides being the political Mecca

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of South Africa, I mean, Mandela is here, was here.

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Here was the PAC, the president of the PAC.

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And Zulu up there. And Tutu down there.

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Most of the politicians come from this, Orlando West.

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This was like the Mecca, this was blacks only.

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They used to pack this place up.

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You know, where all the groups would perform The Manhattan Brothers,

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Miriam Makeba, Dolly Rathebe, The Skylarks, of course.

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ABIGAIL SINGS IN AFRICAN LANGUAGE

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CHEERING

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There used to be a very beautiful nightclub in Eloff Street

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in Johannesburg.

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I mean, exclusive, that was for the bourgeois, you know,

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the real McCoys of this town.

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Many people, you know, the hot and lot people.

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So we would go in and perform to these people.

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Through our kitchen doors, with their little, nice glitteries.

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And you'd go through this kitchen and onto the stage,

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finish your singing, through the same way, out you'd go.

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Back to the township or then we used to have friends,

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white friends, who used to invite us to their homes.

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You'd go into the car, then you'd squat down

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so that the policeman doesn't see the black woman in this car.

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Then, when you get to the house, they cover you up,

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you enter the house, the curtains are drawn,

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the music is played very low and the party goes on, you know.

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And if somebody reports it to the police and says,

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"I think there are some black girls in there."

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You quickly jump into somewhere

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and put on the uniform, you know, the apron and things like that.

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And then the people would say, "You mean, she... Oh, yeah, yeah.

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"She's, she's our servant, you know, she works here."

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And so that used to be the kind of life.

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I did a show called African Jazz And Variety and while doing this,

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we were performing at the Johannesburg City Hall,

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which was the first time that we were allowed to perform in the city

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and to white audiences as black Africans.

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While we were there, an American came to South Africa.

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His name was Lionel Rogosin, from New York.

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He came there to make a film. He wanted to a music travelogue.

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THE BAND PLAYS

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He would film certain things that showed

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the life of the African in South Africa, living under Apartheid

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which is segregation.

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And he smuggled those films out and he asked me to sing in this film.

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I sang two songs.

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SHE SINGS IN AFRICAN LANGUAGE

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CHEERING

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She left in early 1959 to go to the Venice Film Festival.

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The government didn't know, but as soon as that film won,

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Miriam was immediately banned.

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But her mother used to bring Bongi Lee

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to prepare for Bongi to go and join Miriam

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who was already in New York by then and had big success.

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This is Mofolo Village in Soweto.

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And this is the house where Miriam lived with her family.

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There was no wall, it was a four-roomed house like that one.

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It was an ordinary four-roomed house.

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I remember when I came when Miriam left,

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and then she sent for Bongi, we took her away to the airport.

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And her mother Christina was very sad.

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She was really affected by Bongi's,

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I mean, she was affected by Miriam's because, and especially,

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when she learnt that Miriam was never going to be allowed back

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into this country.

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# Goodbye, Mother

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# Goodbye, Father

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# And to you, my little baby

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# Goodbye

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# Until we meet again

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# Farewell, dear friends

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# I am leaving

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# May the good Lord Be with you all... #

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Miriam Makeba, of course I remember her.

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She played here December 1959.

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PHONE RINGS

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Ooh, le telefono. Can I answer the phone?

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Village Vanguard. Reser... For when?

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Next Sunday at nine o'clock, OK. May I have your last name?

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OK, thank you.

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December '59, she was here, for a couple of weeks.

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And then she came back in January 1960.

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Yes, she was here.

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For the first time, Miriam Makeba came to New York City,

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as far as I know.

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A man made the movie, Lionel Rogosin, called Come Back, Africa,

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which played in the neighbourhood.

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And it was a beautiful movie, we all saw it.

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But, in order for her to come to this country,

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she had to have a job and to work.

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And Lionel Rogosin came to my husband Max Gordon,

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who had the Vanguard.

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He said, "Would you like to give the room to Miriam Makeba

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"so she could perform."

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And my husband loved the movie, he said, "Oh, yes, absolutely."

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Miriam was a phenomenon. You know, the...

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SHE CLICKS

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And we were all doing clicking all night.

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CLICK CLICK

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Click away.

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And then, a gentleman came down, among others, to hear her,

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named Harry Belafonte.

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And he fell in love with her too.

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Well, Harry was much more powerful than we were.

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And so he whisked her away from Lionel Rogosin

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and my husband Max Gordon, took her away.

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If I were Miriam I would have gone with Harry.

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I mean, he had a whole tour arranged for her. He promoted her.

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It's his culture as well. He made a big thing out of that.

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PHONE RINGS

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Oh, pardonnez-moi.

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For the last three years, I have made two trips around the world.

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And, on both occasions, I was privileged to perform

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in most of the major capitals.

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While in these countries, I talked with

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and performed with many, many other artists.

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Some of them were wonderful, such as the artist you're about to see now,

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a young lady from South Africa, Miss Miriam Makeba.

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APPLAUSE

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MUSIC: "Love Tastes Like Strawberries"

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# I met my love in the market place

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# My heart stopped When I saw his face

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# The berry man cried Won't you try this?

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# We looked, we bought We stole a kiss

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# The berries are gone And the spring has passed

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# But I know my love will always last

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# The rain has come with sudden haste

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# Love's got a fresh strawberry taste

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# Hey, hey, hey-hey, yeah

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# Mmm, yeah, yeah, yeah, ye-ye-yeah

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# Mmm

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# Yeah, yeah-yeah, yeah Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah

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# Mmmm. #

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WHISTLING AND APPLAUSE

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She did a few records in America.

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And I actually asked if there was a possibility for her,

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to be able to feature with herself in America.

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But it was, it seemed, it was not going to be possible

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because Harry Belafonte and people like that were on the scene.

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And I was quite disappointed

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that even my dear Miriam had to allow that.

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Because I would have thought, you know, she would have insisted

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that, "These are the people I want, you know, to back me."

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But it was not possible.

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SINGS IN AFRICAN LANGUAGE

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The kind of people she surrounded herself with,

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such as Kwame Ture also known as Stokely Carmichael,

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Mr Harry Belafonte as well, er, they always gave her advice

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and they always said, "Never forget where you came from."

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You know, that was always something she always had engraved in her mind,

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to always remember where she was from.

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You know, my brother,

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there's no faster way you can send a message than a song.

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So Miriam spoke and Miriam sang

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about what was happening in this part of the world.

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And, really, in her little way, as the people think it was little,

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it was mighty because the people that heard her say these things

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began to want to know what is really happening around South Africa.

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Khawuleza is a South African song, it comes from the townships,

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locations, reservations, whichever, near the cities of South Africa.

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Where all the black South Africans live.

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The children shout from the streets as they see police cars coming

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to raid their homes for one thing or another.

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They say, "Khawuleza mama." Which simply means, "Hurry, Mama.

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"Please, please, don't let them catch you."

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# Khawuleza mama Khawuleza mam

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# Khawuleza mama Khawuleza mama

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# Khawulez mama She Shi Za Wo... #

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But there's one statement she always phrased.

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She always said, "I do not sing politics, I merely sing the truth."

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# Naa Gama Poyee Za Zu

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# Kelenene Mama Patti Khawuleza ma

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# Naa Gawa Poyee Za Zu Kelenene Mama Patti Khawuleza ma

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# Junga Junga Junga Yo Khawuleza mama eyayee mama

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# Khawuleza mama

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# Junga Junga Junga Yo Khawuleza mama eyayee mama

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# Khawuleza mama, Khawuleza mama Khawuleza mama

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# M Eyoy Khawuleza, Khawuleza mama Khawuleza mama, Khawuleza mama

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# M Eyoy, Khawuleza. #

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She was the first African artist ever

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that spoke at the United Nations.

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And asked for the boycott of South Africa.

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I mean, it took guts to do that in the '60s.

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The story of the shootings at Sharpeville

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is well-known throughout the world.

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Indeed, all men and women of good will all over the world

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raised their voices in anger on that occasion.

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But all these protests just fell on deaf ears.

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Since Sharpeville, many terrible things have occurred in my country.

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Our political parties were declared illegal

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and the leaders were forced to go underground.

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Some 5,000 people have, in recent months, been put behind prison bars.

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Among those who have been jailed and detained or restricted

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are many of our prominent leaders, which include

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Nelson Mandela, Mrs Lillian Ngoyi

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and, only last week, Mr Walter Sisulu.

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Indeed, Mr Chairman and distinguished members,

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my country has been turned into a huge prison.

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This, therefore, does not leave us with any option

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but to ask the United Nations to take positive action

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against the South African government,

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calling for a complete boycott on South Africa

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and, especially, the sending of arms by outside powers to South Africa.

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Thank you.

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She was pleading for humanity. She wasn't pleading for...

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She wasn't dividing, she was unifying.

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She was known as the flame of unity and cultural diversity.

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She read a speech which really damned

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the South African government even further.

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At that time, I think she felt much stronger about it

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because she couldn't come back to come and bury her mother

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who had died shortly after she'd left.

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My records, for instance, have been banned

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since 1962 in South Africa, they don't sell them anymore.

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People who have them just have to play them privately

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and hope that nobody, er, that shouldn't hear them, hears them.

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So then she was banned for the second time.

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MUSIC: "Mama Afrika" by Miriam Makeba

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When I came to New York, Bongi had just come, a few months before me

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and I was going to Manhattan School of Music,

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so I was living with Bongi because Miriam was on the road all the time.

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I think, to a certain extent,

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that's why our marriage didn't work,

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because we were more like brother and sister than...

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We were more like siblings.

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MUSIC: "Mama Afrika" by Miriam Makeba

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The next real big moment was the first time we went to Africa.

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We landed on the tarmac and when the door opened...

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and all this fresh smell of Africa came up at me.

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-Yeah. I remember that feeling.

-That was such a dynamic thing.

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You know, I mean, if...

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That, that I just can't describe.

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I mean, we did quite a bit of this, you know, caravan.

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At one period, we got stuck in the mud.

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You know, we were going through this field,

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we were going through a field rather than just being on a road.

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But then, Africa's Africa,

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so the point is to get from here to there.

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And so we got stuck in the mud, but she was trying to help,

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she was trying to tell them how to do this.

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MUSIC: "Pata Pata" by Miriam Makeba

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# Saguquga sathi bega nantsi Pata Pata

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# Saguquga sathi bega nantsi Pata Pata

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# Saguquga sathi bega nantsi Pata Pata

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# Saguquga sathi bega nantsi Pata Pata

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# Hiyo mama hiyo ma nantsi Pata Pata

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# Hiyo mama hiyo ma nantsi Pata Pata

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# Hiyo mama hiyo ma nantsi Pata Pata

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# Hiyo mama hiyo ma nantsi Pata Pata

0:25:310:25:34

# Saguquga sathi bega nantsi Pata Pata

0:25:340:25:37

# Saguquga sathi bega nantsi Pata Pata

0:25:370:25:41

# Saguquga sathi bega nantsi Pata Pata

0:25:410:25:45

# Saguquga sathi bega nantsi Pata Pata...

0:25:450:25:49

Pata Pata is the name of a dance we do down Johannesburg-way.

0:25:490:25:57

And everybody starts to move as soon as Pata Pata starts to play.

0:25:570:26:04

# Aya sat wuguga sat Pata Pata

0:26:040:26:07

# Aya sat wuguga sat Pata Pata

0:26:070:26:11

# Aya sat wuguga sat

0:26:110:26:14

# Aya sat wuguga sat Oooh

0:26:140:26:18

# Hiyo mama hiyo ma nantsi Pata Pata

0:26:180:26:22

# Hiyo mama hiyo ma nantsi Pata Pata

0:26:220:26:25

# Hiyo mama hiyo ma nantsi Pata Pata

0:26:250:26:28

# Hiyo mama hiyo ma nantsi Pata Pata...

0:26:280:26:32

Every Fridays and Saturday nights, it's Pata Pata time. Woo.

0:26:320:26:39

The music keeps going all night long

0:26:390:26:42

till the morning sun begins to shine. Hey!

0:26:420:26:45

# Aya sat wuguga sat Wo-ho-o

0:26:450:26:49

# Aya sat wuguga sat Wo-ho-o

0:26:490:26:52

# Aya sat wuguga sat Wo-ho-o

0:26:520:26:55

# Aya sat wuguga sat Wo-ho-o

0:26:550:26:59

# Hiyo mama hiyo ma nantsi Pata Pata

0:26:590:27:03

# Hiyo mama hiyo ma nantsi Pata Pata

0:27:030:27:06

# Hiyo mama hiyo ma nantsi Pata Pata

0:27:060:27:09

# Hiyo mama hiyo ma nantsi Pata Pata. #

0:27:090:27:15

THEY SPEAK IN FRENCH

0:27:170:27:19

..which has a deep meaning.

0:27:380:27:41

I would have preferred another song to be popular than Pata Pata.

0:27:410:27:46

But then people choose what they want, so...

0:27:460:27:49

A lot of the places, especially in Africa, that we went to,

0:27:490:27:51

she was treated like royalty.

0:27:510:27:53

Well, that's true. That's true. And, actually she really was.

0:27:530:27:57

You know, the streets were lined with people for miles

0:27:570:28:00

and, periodically, we had to stop so she could greet people.

0:28:000:28:04

And they also had presents for her.

0:28:040:28:08

She went to Tanzania.

0:28:080:28:09

And the president of Tanzania at that time, Julius Nyerere,

0:28:090:28:14

was a believer in African people regaining the language

0:28:140:28:19

and teaching the language in school with other languages.

0:28:190:28:23

And the fact that Miriam always sung

0:28:240:28:26

in so many different African languages pleased Mr Nyerere.

0:28:260:28:30

She heard Malaika and she learnt it.

0:28:310:28:34

And she recorded it.

0:28:340:28:36

# Malaika

0:28:380:28:42

# Nakupenda Malaika

0:28:420:28:48

# Malaika

0:28:480:28:52

# Nakupenda Malaika

0:28:520:28:57

# Ningekuoa mali we

0:28:570:29:02

# Ningekuoa dada

0:29:020:29:08

# Nashindwa na mali sina we

0:29:080:29:14

# Ningekuoa Malaika

0:29:140:29:18

# Nashindwa na mali sina we

0:29:180:29:24

# Ningekuoa Malaika. #

0:29:240:29:28

-Bravo.

-Thank you, sir. Merci.

-Merci beaucoup.

0:29:280:29:33

She went to all the camps, you know, in Morgoro,

0:29:330:29:36

and in Zambia and in Tanzania. Erm.

0:29:360:29:41

She'd find students all over the world.

0:29:410:29:44

And whatever she'd earned in that country,

0:29:440:29:45

she'd just, like, make sure that they were OK.

0:29:450:29:48

All her life, she did that.

0:29:480:29:50

I ask you, and all the leaders of the world,

0:29:500:29:54

would you act differently, would you keep silent and do nothing,

0:29:540:29:59

if you were in our place?

0:29:590:30:01

Would you not resist

0:30:010:30:02

if you are not allowed no rights in your own country

0:30:020:30:06

because the colour of your skin is different to that of the rulers

0:30:060:30:10

and if you're punished for even asking for equality?

0:30:100:30:14

I appeal to you, and through you to all the countries of the world,

0:30:140:30:19

to do everything you can to stop the coming tragedy.

0:30:190:30:23

She was the glue between all the presidents,

0:30:230:30:26

everybody just like idealised her.

0:30:260:30:28

Sekou Toure of Guinea, Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya,

0:30:280:30:33

Julius Nyerere of Tanzania,

0:30:330:30:35

just being crazy about her.

0:30:350:30:39

Houphouet-Boigny of Ivory Coast,

0:30:390:30:42

Leopold Senghor of Senegal,

0:30:420:30:44

these were all people who were just so close to her.

0:30:440:30:48

I have never known anybody in history, or at any other time,

0:30:480:30:52

who had such close ties with every African president.

0:30:520:30:57

When you see an individual white boy,

0:30:570:31:00

you're not afraid of that individual white boy.

0:31:000:31:03

What you are afraid of is the power that he represents!

0:31:030:31:08

Because, behind him stands the local police force,

0:31:080:31:11

the state militia, the Army, the Navy, the air force!

0:31:110:31:16

CHEERING AND APPLAUSE

0:31:160:31:17

When you see an African, there is no power behind him.

0:31:190:31:24

There is no-one speaking for his interest.

0:31:240:31:28

There is no one to protect him.

0:31:280:31:31

APPLAUSE

0:31:310:31:32

Stokely Carmichael, was a very bright student from New York.

0:31:320:31:35

His family came from the Caribbean.

0:31:350:31:37

He went to Howard University,

0:31:370:31:40

which is a prestigious black university in Washington DC.

0:31:400:31:44

He went there in 1960, a year in which tremendous political focus

0:31:440:31:50

was on Africa, on independence of African countries.

0:31:500:31:53

After King's assassination and Malcolm's assassination,

0:31:530:31:56

Stokely became sort of the firebrand black leader.

0:31:560:32:00

At some point in the visit to Guinea,

0:32:000:32:04

maybe a subsequent visit, I'm not sure, Miriam and Stokely met,

0:32:040:32:08

when Miriam was there as a guest of

0:32:080:32:10

Sekou Toure, the president.

0:32:100:32:14

We want black power.

0:32:140:32:16

We want black power.

0:32:160:32:19

We want black power.

0:32:190:32:21

We want black power.

0:32:210:32:22

We want black power.

0:32:220:32:25

We want black power.

0:32:250:32:27

We want black power.

0:32:270:32:28

Stokely was extraordinarily charming.

0:32:280:32:31

Very, very articulate, had a wonderful, amazing smile

0:32:310:32:36

and lots of humour

0:32:360:32:40

and is very incisive.

0:32:400:32:42

Many people didn't agree with him

0:32:440:32:46

but, I think, it would be hard to find many people don't like him.

0:32:460:32:49

The Caribbean is full of black people

0:32:490:32:53

and our mother continent, Africa, there is to be found millions

0:32:530:32:57

and millions and millions and millions of black people.

0:32:570:33:00

Black power means all of these millions and millions

0:33:000:33:05

and millions and millions

0:33:050:33:07

and millions of black people coming together to form black power.

0:33:070:33:13

The entire mass media of America,

0:33:160:33:19

the entire mass media of America came against Nick and against black power.

0:33:190:33:23

They did every possible thing to destroy the concept

0:33:230:33:26

and were incapable of doing it.

0:33:260:33:27

We're not going to win this struggle today.

0:33:330:33:35

We're not going to win it tomorrow. This is a struggle,

0:33:350:33:37

this is a long struggle.

0:33:370:33:39

We're fighting a struggle that has been taking place for 500 years

0:33:390:33:42

and even way beyond that.

0:33:420:33:44

We're just a small part of that struggle.

0:33:440:33:46

We have to find what our mission is,

0:33:530:33:56

what the mission of this generation is and do that and do it perfect,

0:33:560:33:59

properly, correctly, thoroughly and completely.

0:33:590:34:02

There is nothing, nothing we cannot do.

0:34:150:34:18

All we got to do is what honourable Marcus Garvey said,

0:34:180:34:20

"Heat up, and do it!"

0:34:200:34:22

Well, mighty race up now, you're a mighty race.

0:34:220:34:24

The day after, the day after they were married,

0:35:070:35:11

which is your honeymoon.

0:35:110:35:12

This is the time to be celebrating.

0:35:120:35:14

The day after, she discovered

0:35:140:35:18

that all her concert dates in the United States had been cancelled.

0:35:180:35:23

I remember being in a car with Stokely

0:35:230:35:25

and he phoned up to the FBI and said,

0:35:250:35:29

"I'm leaving now, I'll be back at such and such a time."

0:35:290:35:34

They were always right there, where they lived.

0:35:340:35:39

We have problems everywhere.

0:35:390:35:40

Sometimes people send us threatening letters

0:35:400:35:44

and some send very vulgar letters and tell us to get out of here.

0:35:440:35:50

We're always, there's nowhere to run.

0:35:500:35:53

We just have to stay wherever we are and fight to liberate ourselves.

0:35:540:36:00

Some people here say you've lost something of your popularity

0:36:150:36:19

back in the United States.

0:36:190:36:20

They don't buy your records so much as before. Would do you say to that?

0:36:200:36:24

-That's not true.

-That's not true?

-No.

0:36:240:36:28

I wouldn't say I've lost my popularity.

0:36:300:36:32

There is a boycott on my records on the part of radio stations

0:36:340:36:40

but I don't think I'll ever lose my popularity with the people.

0:36:400:36:45

Why this boycott?

0:36:450:36:47

I don't know, they all give different reasons.

0:36:470:36:50

-Is that because of your marriage to Stokely Carmichael?

-Yes.

0:36:500:36:53

And you, Mr Carmichael, what are you going to do?

0:36:530:36:59

I'm just going to be with my wife.

0:36:590:37:00

Have you plans for any activity of such?

0:37:000:37:03

No, I'm just going to look and listen.

0:37:030:37:05

The greatest paradox of Miriam's life, for me,

0:37:050:37:08

is that she was very close to Golda Meir,

0:37:080:37:10

who was crazy about her until 1967, when she was married to Stokely,

0:37:100:37:15

and he said something about Israel.

0:37:150:37:18

The next day you couldn't find her records in the stores

0:37:180:37:20

and she was just iced in the States and, I think,

0:37:200:37:24

that very week she just, you know,

0:37:240:37:28

Sekou Toure just said, "Hey, you have a home in Guinea."

0:37:280:37:32

That's when she went to Guinea.

0:37:320:37:34

Because Stokely was so outspoken,

0:37:530:37:56

a lot of people, at that time, cancelled my shows,

0:37:560:38:00

saying they can't feed the hand that bites them.

0:38:000:38:04

So I left and went to Guinea with Stokely.

0:38:040:38:08

We were married for ten years.

0:38:080:38:10

He was doing the Pan African movement and the one common goal

0:38:150:38:19

was what they had together during that era.

0:38:190:38:21

She felt she was part of that

0:38:210:38:23

and she was a soldier in any aspect,

0:38:230:38:26

in terms of transferring the message of unity,

0:38:260:38:30

Africa and just many other aspects of the continent.

0:38:300:38:33

She was always there.

0:38:330:38:35

HE SPEAKS IN FRENCH

0:38:350:38:36

HE SPEAKS IN FRENCH

0:38:430:38:44

Our next artist is one of the most magnificent talents of our time

0:39:230:39:26

and I take pleasure in introducing to you,

0:39:260:39:29

sister Miriam Makeba Carmichael.

0:39:290:39:31

APPLAUSE

0:39:310:39:34

Probably everybody wants to know how Stokely is?

0:39:340:39:36

LAUGHTER

0:39:360:39:38

He is well.

0:39:390:39:40

He is alive and well in Conakry.

0:39:400:39:44

Do you see any difference in the way that this government,

0:39:440:39:46

I say dealing with the government,

0:39:460:39:48

the way this government approaches you as a black African coming here

0:39:480:39:51

and the way that the South African government is approaching

0:39:510:39:55

black entertainers. Do you see any similarities, any differences?

0:39:550:39:59

I always say the only difference between South Africa

0:39:590:40:02

and America is very slight.

0:40:020:40:04

Erm...

0:40:050:40:07

And that is South Africa admits that they are what they are.

0:40:070:40:13

APPLAUSE

0:40:130:40:15

In a way you know who to deal with.

0:40:210:40:26

So, you don't have to be guessing.

0:40:260:40:29

You have a couple of children?

0:40:290:40:31

I have one child, she is 20 and she has two children.

0:40:310:40:35

-Her name is Bongi.

-Wow!

0:40:350:40:37

She writes some of my songs.

0:40:370:40:39

APPLAUSE

0:40:390:40:41

-That's marvellous.

-She writes some of my songs.

0:40:410:40:43

She has a little boy whom she named Lumumba

0:40:430:40:46

and she wrote a song about him

0:40:460:40:48

and now she has a little girl whom she's named after me.

0:40:480:40:51

-She called the little girl, Zenzi.

-Oh, wow!

0:40:510:40:53

That's my closer name.

0:40:530:40:55

You know, it's been almost 24 years, I've not been here.

0:40:580:41:02

Conakry will always remain as home to myself and my sister, Zenzi.

0:41:020:41:08

Our mother was buried here and my brother was buried here,

0:41:080:41:12

and the late great, Kwame Toure also known as Stokely Carmichael.

0:41:120:41:16

It's the hospitality of the people,

0:41:160:41:19

as I said, I will cherish that for the rest of my life.

0:41:190:41:21

It wasn't about the outlook of what the place looked like,

0:41:210:41:24

not the superficial look and all of that.

0:41:240:41:27

It was basically about true human relation,

0:41:270:41:31

brotherhood, sisterhood, etc.

0:41:310:41:34

We used to run around barefoot, you know.

0:41:340:41:37

Somehow I feel that that energy went into our feet, you know,

0:41:370:41:41

and it always had us coming back here.

0:41:410:41:43

We just kept coming back, coming back

0:41:430:41:45

and to my grandmother, as well,

0:41:450:41:48

being so far away from home over 32 years,

0:41:480:41:52

there was no other place that she could call home but this place.

0:41:520:41:56

# Igqira lendlela

0:43:320:43:35

# Nguqo ngqothwane

0:43:350:43:38

# Igqira lendlela

0:43:380:43:41

# Nguqo ngqothwane

0:43:410:43:43

# Igqira lendlela... #

0:43:430:43:45

When the late great Ahmed Sekou Toure

0:43:450:43:49

asked Mama Miriam Makeba,

0:43:490:43:52

"Out of Guinea what region would you like to have a house?

0:43:520:43:56

"Where do you feel mostly at home?" She mentioned Dalaba.

0:43:560:43:59

This were the first people who had welcomed Mama.

0:45:150:45:19

Hospitality...

0:45:190:45:21

They used to be at the house. You know, this was back in the '70s.

0:45:210:45:25

There is a particular sight that you see of the landscape,

0:45:250:45:29

which looks extremely similar to South Africa.

0:45:290:45:32

We would always go round this mountain.

0:45:320:45:35

She would always say, "I miss home so much. This reminds me so much of home."

0:45:350:45:39

CHILDREN SING

0:45:410:45:42

This is the master room.

0:46:130:46:16

There's a picture of my mother,

0:46:160:46:21

who passed on on March 17, 1985.

0:46:210:46:25

Very young. She was only 35-years-old.

0:46:250:46:28

This is where the porch was, and it's still here.

0:46:320:46:36

This is where the musicians would rehearse.

0:46:360:46:39

She would sing and sing.

0:46:390:46:41

SHE SINGS

0:46:420:46:44

My grandmother telling me that, "There's nothing special about me,

0:47:360:47:39

"I just love what I do and I do what I do.

0:47:390:47:42

"I do it for a bigger cause, for a bigger purpose."

0:47:420:47:45

She loved happiness, she used to have parties.

0:47:450:47:49

Just everybody she loved to have get-togethers.

0:47:490:47:52

You could never come to my grandmother's house

0:47:520:47:54

and there's not food. She taught me that too.

0:47:540:47:57

She said, "Zenzi, when you cook, even if you're broke,

0:47:570:48:00

"you must always have food. When you have food, even if it's just a little piece of food,

0:48:000:48:04

"or one piece of bread, when people come to visit you,

0:48:040:48:07

"you must always have a piece for somebody."

0:48:070:48:09

This is a song that was written by my little girl.

0:49:430:49:47

It was in Mozambique that I first heard the words in Portuguese

0:49:470:49:53

"A Luta Continua."

0:49:530:49:56

When I came back I told Bongi all what I saw.

0:49:560:49:59

I said, "Write me a song." She wrote this song.

0:49:590:50:02

We have the habit of dedicating it to the people of Mozambique

0:50:020:50:05

and to the party, FRELIMO,

0:50:050:50:08

and to the beloved, Samora Machel.

0:50:080:50:12

# Maputo, Maputo

0:50:160:50:19

# Home of the brave

0:50:190:50:20

# Our nation will soon be as one

0:50:200:50:25

# Frelimo, Frelimo, Samora Machel

0:50:250:50:28

# Samora Machal has won... #

0:50:280:50:33

She wrote some of Miriam's biggest songs.

0:50:410:50:44

You know, Quit It, Mozambique,

0:50:440:50:48

A Luta Continua, West wind.

0:50:480:50:51

We are supposed to be four.

0:51:260:51:27

My two other brothers passed away, so they are buried in Guinea.

0:51:270:51:32

Nobody knows what he put in his mouth. What happened to him.

0:51:420:51:46

And she had to help that boy, running around to ask for help

0:51:480:51:53

and the boy was already dead.

0:51:530:51:54

And she is the one that have to tell her daughter, "Your son die."

0:51:540:51:58

I mean when you're a grandmother,

0:52:100:52:12

you're not supposed to bury your grandson.

0:52:120:52:15

You're not even supposed to bury your own child when you are a mother.

0:52:150:52:19

The day she passed away, when I heard she passed away,

0:52:320:52:35

I cried like a little baby.

0:52:350:52:37

But, erm, she was just an amazing talent.

0:52:370:52:42

A talent that was never got to be known.

0:52:420:52:45

Everything was sudden.

0:52:460:52:48

It took a long time for them to acknowledge to us

0:52:480:52:51

that she had passed because we were quite young, we were kids,

0:52:510:52:54

and I think they didn't want to let us know during our trip,

0:52:540:52:58

coming out here, that she had passed.

0:52:580:53:00

I remember suppressing my feelings.

0:53:000:53:03

I remember getting to America to go and see my dad

0:53:030:53:08

because my dad called for us, when my mum passed away.

0:53:080:53:13

I remember only a year later, like nine months later,

0:53:130:53:18

finally crying cos my mum passed away.

0:53:180:53:21

My dad came and found me crying in a closet.

0:53:210:53:23

It was hard. It was hard for any mother.

0:53:230:53:26

It was one of the greatest tragedies, I think, of her life.

0:53:260:53:30

I think, she never was really the same after that. She was stunned.

0:53:300:53:37

We were quite close, we had nobody else out here.

0:53:370:53:41

She had me, I had her.

0:53:420:53:44

# Three flights up in the rear

0:53:460:53:50

# To where my childhood days were spent

0:53:500:53:56

# It wasn't much like paradise

0:53:580:54:01

# but amid the dirt... #

0:54:010:54:05

She was the grandmother that came in New York,

0:54:050:54:07

when I was a little kid.

0:54:070:54:10

I'd pack my bags to want to leave and go off with her.

0:54:100:54:13

She spoiled me as a grandmother.

0:54:130:54:15

You know, but at the same time, she realised my mother

0:54:150:54:17

was no longer there and she was taking a role,

0:54:170:54:20

a double kind of role.

0:54:200:54:23

# Oh

0:54:230:54:29

# My wonderful mamma... '

0:54:290:54:33

Music is a healing. She talked to me about that.

0:54:330:54:36

As you know, my great-grandmother, her mother was a Sangoma.

0:54:360:54:40

My grandmother was also a Sangoma.

0:54:400:54:43

My mother was a Sangoma.

0:54:430:54:45

I have the same thing, that's what I've been told,

0:54:450:54:49

by the family, by her.

0:54:490:54:52

Sangoma, is Ingoma, as well, it's a song.

0:54:520:54:55

You know, they sometimes say, you don't have to be...

0:54:550:54:59

You become a healer and do something else, but healing people.

0:54:590:55:05

So Miriam was a healer through her music.

0:55:050:55:10

Not through herbs, like her mother was.

0:55:100:55:12

Her mother did it with herbs and she did it with her music.

0:55:120:55:16

So when my record company posted me to Brussels to go and work there,

0:57:360:57:41

I suddenly heard that she was in town.

0:57:410:57:43

I was so happy, that, you know.

0:57:450:57:47

And she came to the studios to see us work

0:57:470:57:50

and I had some of my colleagues from South Africa.

0:57:500:57:53

Every day, without fail, she would bring us food to the studio.

0:57:550:57:59

Or, she would invite us to her place.

0:58:000:58:02

She's a person that went through a lot of pain,

0:58:020:58:05

but, jeez, when she took that microphone and she's on stage,

0:58:050:58:08

the pain is gone.

0:58:080:58:10

The pain is gone, and all she does is to just give to people

0:58:100:58:16

and that it is the thing that,

0:58:160:58:19

for me, is the essence of Miriam Makeba.

0:58:190:58:22

In 1959 she began a world tour.

0:58:220:58:26

And when she attempted to return home one year later

0:58:260:58:31

she was refused re-admittance.

0:58:310:58:33

She has been a political exile now for 27 years.

0:58:330:58:37

Miriam Makeba.

0:58:370:58:39

# There was a full moon on the golden city

0:58:480:58:53

# Knocking at the door was the man without pity

0:58:530:59:00

# Accusing everyone of conspiracy

0:59:000:59:05

# Tightening the curfew charging people with walking

0:59:050:59:09

# Yes, the border is where he was waiting

0:59:090:59:15

# Waiting for the children frightened and running

0:59:150:59:20

# A handful got away, but all the others

0:59:220:59:26

# Are in the jail without any publicity

0:59:260:59:31

# Just a little atrocity

0:59:310:59:36

# Deep in the city

0:59:380:59:43

# Soweto blues

0:59:430:59:46

# Soweto blues

0:59:480:59:51

# Soweto blues

0:59:540:59:57

# Soweto blues

0:59:591:00:04

# They are killing all the children

1:00:081:00:12

-# Without any publicity

-Soweto blues

1:00:121:00:18

# Well, they are finishing the nation

1:00:181:00:22

# Soweto blues

1:00:221:00:24

# While calling it black on black

1:00:241:00:28

# Momma, Soweto blues

1:00:321:00:36

# Yeah, Momma

1:00:361:00:38

# Soweto blues. #

1:00:381:00:45

I wish to live in my country as a human being.

1:00:461:00:51

Free...of all the ugliness we have gone through.

1:00:521:00:57

I remember coming back home,

1:00:571:01:01

she and Hugh took me to the airport.

1:01:011:01:05

The first thing she said to me,

1:01:051:01:08

do I ever think she's ever going to come home.

1:01:081:01:10

It was one of those most poignant moments and very painful.

1:01:121:01:18

I remember that vividly.

1:01:181:01:20

There we were at the airport, she was staying behind,

1:01:201:01:24

I was going back home, and Hugh Masekela was going to New York.

1:01:241:01:29

I stood there alone, I was almost in tears because I knew that

1:01:291:01:33

if they had wished to, if they could, we could all fly back home.

1:01:331:01:39

And I said, "Soon."

1:01:391:01:41

'I like that song'

1:01:411:01:43

that you sing that goes, promise...

1:01:431:01:46

# It is a promise I'm making to you

1:01:461:01:50

# It's a promise I promise to keep this day

1:01:501:01:56

# Be my lover, be my darling... # What else is it?

1:01:581:02:03

# Love should never ever be far away

1:02:031:02:08

-BOTH:

-# Come and give me your love

1:02:081:02:12

# That you are hiding. #

1:02:121:02:15

# Come and give me your love

1:02:161:02:20

# That you're hiding

1:02:201:02:22

# I will keep it burning for ever... #

1:02:221:02:30

The only thing that makes me to be able to go on living

1:02:341:02:41

with this pain that I feel from being away from my home

1:02:411:02:47

is the fact that I know I will go home someday soon.

1:02:471:02:55

# ..I will never leave you, ever

1:02:551:03:00

# We should always be together

1:03:021:03:07

# Until the end... #

1:03:071:03:10

There have been promises, and we hope they'll be realised.

1:03:101:03:14

I often say that I don't know why I was banned,

1:03:141:03:19

I don't see why I should be told what to do

1:03:191:03:23

after all these years.

1:03:231:03:25

As our leader Nelson Mandela said,

1:03:251:03:30

He will not be released from his prison

1:03:301:03:33

while his people are still in prison.

1:03:331:03:36

And then we heard this noise. And screaming, cars hooting.

1:03:381:03:43

People ululating and then we said, "Oh, my God, another June '76.

1:03:431:03:48

And then we ran to the security guy

1:03:481:03:51

to make sure that the doors are locked, you know?

1:03:511:03:56

And said, "Do you know what is happening outside?"

1:03:561:03:59

He said, "No, Mandela has been released today."

1:03:591:04:04

I have always wanted to come home, of course I couldn't.

1:04:041:04:09

But when President Mandela was released,

1:04:091:04:14

the whole world was waving in front of their televisions.

1:04:141:04:19

And I was one of them.

1:04:191:04:21

I was in Brussels when I saw him walk out of there.

1:04:211:04:27

I can't tell you how it felt. I just went on my knees.

1:04:271:04:32

And I prayed.

1:04:321:04:34

He then talked to me, and said, "You should come home."

1:04:411:04:45

SHE ULULATES

1:04:451:04:48

I don't have much of a family left.

1:05:101:05:13

My mother and my father died, but I have my brother.

1:05:131:05:18

He is my mother's first child. I am my mother's last child.

1:05:181:05:21

The in-between have also died in my absence.

1:05:211:05:25

When I came home for the first time I went straight

1:05:441:05:47

to my mother's grave and I sat on it and I talked to her.

1:05:471:05:52

I felt like I was sitting on my mother's lap.

1:05:521:05:55

And I talked to her and I told her how sorry I was that

1:05:551:06:00

I was not here to see her to her resting place.

1:06:001:06:04

And I felt very good.

1:06:041:06:07

It was the beginning of the healing of that wound.

1:06:071:06:11

THEY SING

1:06:151:06:17

SHE ULULATES

1:06:271:06:30

SHE SINGS

1:06:411:06:43

The public, the place goes wild when she went on stage.

1:07:091:07:14

I'm like, that's what I'm talking about.

1:07:141:07:17

And that is Miriam.

1:07:171:07:19

People in South Africa started to discover Miriam when she came back.

1:07:191:07:24

CHEERING

1:07:241:07:29

The exile have cut her from her people for so long.

1:07:291:07:33

But when she start singing, people know the song.

1:07:341:07:38

It is just like people you haven't seen for a while,

1:07:381:07:41

then you see each other and boom, the bond is still there.

1:07:411:07:45

# Mother Africa

1:07:451:07:49

# Unify us

1:07:491:07:51

# My precious Africa

1:07:511:07:55

# Unify us

1:07:551:07:57

# Don't divide us

1:07:571:07:59

# Unify us

1:08:011:08:03

# Don't divide us

1:08:031:08:06

# Unify us

1:08:061:08:09

# Don't divide us

1:08:091:08:11

# Don't divide us

1:08:111:08:14

# Don't divide us

1:08:141:08:16

# Don't divide us

1:08:161:08:18

# Unify us

1:08:181:08:22

# Don't divide us, don't divide us

1:08:221:08:26

# Unify us

1:08:261:08:29

# Don't divide us, unify us

1:08:291:08:32

# Don't divide us, unify us

1:08:321:08:35

# Don't divide us, don't divide us

1:08:351:08:38

# Unify us

1:08:381:08:39

# Unify us

1:08:391:08:41

# Don't divide us, don't divide us

1:08:411:08:44

# Unify us, unify us

1:08:441:08:47

# Don't divide us, unify us

1:08:471:08:50

# Don't divide us, unify us

1:08:501:08:53

# Don't divide us, unify us

1:08:531:08:56

# Don't divide us, unify us

1:08:561:09:01

# Unify us, don't divide us

1:09:011:09:04

# Don't divide us, unify us

1:09:041:09:07

# Don't divide us, unify us... #

1:09:071:09:12

But she had so much faith in the future of Africa

1:09:121:09:16

that when we came back to South Africa,

1:09:161:09:22

I didn't think that she was given the status that she deserved.

1:09:221:09:27

All the other African presidents were gone.

1:09:271:09:32

They were all gone that she knew.

1:09:321:09:35

The new ones were neo-Colonial, most of them,

1:09:351:09:40

and guardians of Western or Eastern interests.

1:09:401:09:45

But I think it broke her heart.

1:09:491:09:51

I think sometimes, somewhere, she realised that the African unity

1:09:511:09:56

that she had prayed for and sacrificed so much for

1:09:561:09:59

was not going to happen.

1:09:591:10:03

I feel that she's here, the pain doesn't go away,

1:10:031:10:07

but every day it gets easier.

1:10:071:10:10

I was angry cos I was supposed to be with her in Italy.

1:10:101:10:14

Immediately when I was supposed to get into the car to go with her,

1:10:141:10:17

there were people there she was like,

1:10:171:10:19

"No, Zenzi, I don't think you should go.

1:10:191:10:21

"I think you should stay."

1:10:211:10:22

She took Kwame, he was six months, she spoke to him

1:10:221:10:26

and then she gave me back the baby.

1:10:261:10:28

I give the baby to one of my little cousins, and she said,

1:10:281:10:31

"I need to talk to you."

1:10:311:10:33

She was already in the car and she said,

1:10:331:10:35

"I just want to let you know I love you very, very much.

1:10:351:10:38

"And I want you to know you need to be strong,

1:10:381:10:41

"you need to take care of my home."

1:10:411:10:43

And when she meant home, it's not material,

1:10:431:10:46

it is not about material things, home means, I understand it even now,

1:10:461:10:50

home means what everyone is going through for these past years.

1:10:501:10:54

It means everything.

1:10:541:10:55

I want you to make sure you take care of her legacy.

1:10:551:10:59

I will never forget the way she was smiling at us.

1:11:041:11:08

-When she turned around, you know?

-Yeah, yes.

1:11:081:11:12

She turns around and looks at the band, she was smiling,

1:11:121:11:16

like, in a way she was telling us, I love you.

1:11:161:11:19

The audience were saying, "Miriam, Miriam, Miriam."

1:11:191:11:23

And then she said, "Are we bowing?"

1:11:231:11:26

I said, "No, no, no. My children have to go tonight.

1:11:261:11:29

"We're not bowing." And then she left.

1:11:291:11:34

Just a couple of metres, she collapsed. And that was it.

1:11:351:11:41

My grandmother strictly said to me, "Zenzi, I do not want to be buried.

1:11:451:11:51

"I want to be cremated, and not for any religious reason

1:11:511:11:55

"and you must put me where the two oceans meet."

1:11:551:11:58

She always said it.

1:11:581:11:59

She said she wants to find her daughter, my mother.

1:11:591:12:03

And she wants to also be able to find all the other people,

1:12:031:12:07

all over the world that she met during her years of exile.

1:12:071:12:11

That's why she was cremated and put into the ocean, she wanted to flow.

1:12:111:12:15

# I shall sing

1:12:181:12:20

# Sing my song

1:12:201:12:22

# Make it right if it is wrong

1:12:221:12:25

# In the night, in the day

1:12:251:12:30

# Anyhow and anyway

1:12:301:12:32

# I shall sing, Lord.

1:12:321:12:35

# La la la la la la la la la

1:12:351:12:37

# La la la la la la la la la

1:12:371:12:39

# La la la la la la la la la

1:12:391:12:41

# La la la la la la la la la

1:12:411:12:43

# La la la la la la la la la

1:12:431:12:45

# La la la la la la la la la

1:12:451:12:46

# La la la la la la la la la... #

1:12:461:12:48

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