Browse content similar to Plymouth to The Lizard. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more!
Line | From | To | |
---|---|---|---|
For Edwardian Britons, | 0:00:04 | 0:00:05 | |
a Bradshaw's was an indispensable guide to a railway network | 0:00:05 | 0:00:10 | |
at its peak. | 0:00:10 | 0:00:11 | |
I'm using an early 20th century edition to navigate a vibrant | 0:00:13 | 0:00:17 | |
and optimistic Britain | 0:00:17 | 0:00:19 | |
at the height of its power and influence in the world. | 0:00:19 | 0:00:22 | |
But a nation wrestling with political, social | 0:00:24 | 0:00:28 | |
and industrial unrest at home. | 0:00:28 | 0:00:31 | |
My railway journey through south-west England | 0:00:53 | 0:00:56 | |
will soon reach its furthest edge and the ocean. | 0:00:56 | 0:01:00 | |
At the beginning of 20th century, | 0:01:00 | 0:01:02 | |
we were building enormous, invincible liners | 0:01:02 | 0:01:05 | |
and also making waves across the Atlantic. | 0:01:05 | 0:01:09 | |
But for many, Cornwall was home and there was work to be done. | 0:01:09 | 0:01:14 | |
Whilst for others, it was a holiday destination, | 0:01:14 | 0:01:17 | |
glamorised in literature and easy to reach by train. | 0:01:17 | 0:01:21 | |
I began this journey in south-west Wales, | 0:01:28 | 0:01:31 | |
skirting the coast as I travelled eastwards to take in Swansea | 0:01:31 | 0:01:35 | |
and Cardiff, before crossing the border into England. | 0:01:35 | 0:01:38 | |
I charted Bristol's aviation history | 0:01:38 | 0:01:41 | |
and then enjoyed the Somerset countryside | 0:01:41 | 0:01:44 | |
en route to Devon's south coast. | 0:01:44 | 0:01:47 | |
Now I'm travelling west towards my final stop in Cornwall. | 0:01:47 | 0:01:51 | |
Today, I start in Plymouth. | 0:01:53 | 0:01:54 | |
From there, I'll reach the picturesque harbour town of Fowey, | 0:01:54 | 0:01:59 | |
then make my way to the end of the line at Penzance, | 0:01:59 | 0:02:03 | |
to reach Newlyn | 0:02:03 | 0:02:04 | |
and finish on England's southernmost cape, The Lizard. | 0:02:04 | 0:02:07 | |
On this trip, I rediscover a stylish Edwardian author. | 0:02:11 | 0:02:15 | |
A little bit racy, I would have thought, wouldn't you? | 0:02:15 | 0:02:17 | |
Have a bash at creating turn of the century Cornish collectables. | 0:02:17 | 0:02:21 | |
And there's our image starting to come through on the front. | 0:02:21 | 0:02:25 | |
And boldly go where no railway traveller has gone before. | 0:02:25 | 0:02:29 | |
Even Bradshaw never went to the moon. | 0:02:29 | 0:02:31 | |
'Even Bradshaw never went to the moon.' | 0:02:31 | 0:02:33 | |
That is fantastic. My voice has gone to the moon and back! | 0:02:33 | 0:02:37 | |
From 1904, | 0:02:47 | 0:02:49 | |
Edwardian passengers could travel the 225 miles | 0:02:49 | 0:02:53 | |
from London to Plymouth nonstop on the Cornish Riviera Express. | 0:02:53 | 0:02:58 | |
Railways and steam ships had vanquished distance. | 0:03:01 | 0:03:05 | |
But the self-confidence of this golden age of travel | 0:03:05 | 0:03:09 | |
was soon to be dented. | 0:03:09 | 0:03:11 | |
The sinking of the Titanic more than a century ago | 0:03:13 | 0:03:17 | |
seems to be the best remembered disaster, | 0:03:17 | 0:03:20 | |
with books, movies and museums dedicated to the tragedy. | 0:03:20 | 0:03:24 | |
Its owner, the White Star Line, advertises in my 1907 Bradshaw's. | 0:03:24 | 0:03:29 | |
The death toll was horrendous but not everybody perished. | 0:03:29 | 0:03:35 | |
Plymouth is the place to ask | 0:03:35 | 0:03:37 | |
what happened to those who survived that Titanic trauma? | 0:03:37 | 0:03:42 | |
Plymouth owes its name to its position | 0:03:48 | 0:03:51 | |
at the mouth of the River Plym. | 0:03:51 | 0:03:53 | |
In 1914, | 0:03:56 | 0:03:58 | |
it merged with the neighbouring towns of Stonehouse and Devonport, | 0:03:58 | 0:04:02 | |
where I'm alighting today. | 0:04:02 | 0:04:04 | |
Historian Harry Bennett is setting the scene at Millbay Dock. | 0:04:17 | 0:04:22 | |
-Harry. -Michael. | 0:04:22 | 0:04:23 | |
-Good to see you. -Pleased to meet you. | 0:04:23 | 0:04:25 | |
Why was Plymouth so important for liners? | 0:04:25 | 0:04:28 | |
Well, Plymouth is effectively central to the development | 0:04:28 | 0:04:31 | |
of both the history of ocean liners, but also to the transatlantic story. | 0:04:31 | 0:04:35 | |
It's in 1620 that the Mayflower set sail from Plymouth | 0:04:35 | 0:04:39 | |
and, of course, is involved in founding the New World. | 0:04:39 | 0:04:42 | |
And later on, in the late Victorian period, | 0:04:42 | 0:04:45 | |
where you have ocean liners which are crossing from North America, | 0:04:45 | 0:04:49 | |
their first key landfall, really, is Plymouth. | 0:04:49 | 0:04:51 | |
And Plymouth is the point where they can get off ship, | 0:04:51 | 0:04:54 | |
go into Millbay Docks and catch the train, get to London and, | 0:04:54 | 0:04:58 | |
as Great Western Railway said, you can save a day by taking the train. | 0:04:58 | 0:05:02 | |
From the moment the railways reached Plymouth, | 0:05:02 | 0:05:05 | |
it's faster to travel by land than by sea. | 0:05:05 | 0:05:07 | |
Yes. Effectively, you can go along on a train at 70-80 miles an hour | 0:05:07 | 0:05:11 | |
instead of crawling slowly up the English Channel at maybe 20 knots. | 0:05:11 | 0:05:16 | |
But it's after Brunel's Great Western in the 1830s | 0:05:16 | 0:05:19 | |
it begins to take off. | 0:05:19 | 0:05:20 | |
By the Edwardian period, it's in full swing. | 0:05:20 | 0:05:23 | |
This is the point where transatlantic liner companies | 0:05:23 | 0:05:26 | |
are competing with each other for the fastest crossings, | 0:05:26 | 0:05:29 | |
competing for passengers, they're competing for cargo, | 0:05:29 | 0:05:32 | |
and they're competing for the all-important Blue Riband, | 0:05:32 | 0:05:35 | |
the vital badge which says, we are the fastest across the Atlantic. | 0:05:35 | 0:05:38 | |
In 1912, the most famous ocean liner in history, | 0:05:43 | 0:05:47 | |
the Olympic-class Titanic, set sail from Southampton. | 0:05:47 | 0:05:52 | |
She was due to call at Plymouth on her return journey. | 0:05:52 | 0:05:55 | |
Instead, Titanic struck an iceberg. | 0:05:55 | 0:05:59 | |
1,500 lives were lost. | 0:05:59 | 0:06:02 | |
A fortnight later, 167 of her surviving crew | 0:06:02 | 0:06:06 | |
disembarked in Plymouth. | 0:06:06 | 0:06:08 | |
I'm taking up the story at the Duke of Cornwall Hotel | 0:06:11 | 0:06:15 | |
with Nigel Voisey, whose researched the disaster. | 0:06:15 | 0:06:18 | |
-What a brilliant place. -Fantastic. | 0:06:19 | 0:06:22 | |
Superb view. | 0:06:22 | 0:06:24 | |
What happened to them when they got here? | 0:06:24 | 0:06:27 | |
We didn't treat them very well. After the ordeal of the sinking, | 0:06:27 | 0:06:30 | |
we basically locked them up behind gates | 0:06:30 | 0:06:33 | |
and they weren't allowed to go home straight away. | 0:06:33 | 0:06:35 | |
Some survivors were put into second or third class waiting rooms, | 0:06:35 | 0:06:40 | |
but the 20 stewardesses, they fared quite better. | 0:06:40 | 0:06:42 | |
-They stayed in the Duke of Cornwall Hotel. -Where we are right now. -Yes. | 0:06:42 | 0:06:46 | |
What was the point of detaining them? | 0:06:46 | 0:06:48 | |
The White Star Line did not want the actual story of the Titanic | 0:06:48 | 0:06:53 | |
coming out into the public and into the press. | 0:06:53 | 0:06:56 | |
So they were basically told to give their sworn statement | 0:06:56 | 0:07:00 | |
and they would not speak to anyone about it. | 0:07:00 | 0:07:03 | |
The catastrophe had sparked an international outpouring of grief. | 0:07:03 | 0:07:08 | |
And a call for answers. | 0:07:08 | 0:07:10 | |
The crew were held until they had given statements | 0:07:10 | 0:07:13 | |
to a Board of Trade inquiry. | 0:07:13 | 0:07:15 | |
Did their families know what had happened to them by that stage? | 0:07:15 | 0:07:19 | |
When they were locked up, you had some people opening a window, | 0:07:19 | 0:07:23 | |
throwing notes out of the window, saying, you know, | 0:07:23 | 0:07:25 | |
"Tell my wife I'm alive, I'm safe." | 0:07:25 | 0:07:28 | |
So, really, relatives didn't know | 0:07:28 | 0:07:30 | |
until they actually met them face-to-face. | 0:07:30 | 0:07:33 | |
It was hardly a heroes' welcome. | 0:07:34 | 0:07:37 | |
Yet three-quarters of the Titanic's crew had lost their lives, | 0:07:37 | 0:07:41 | |
many after sacrificing their places in the lifeboats for passengers. | 0:07:41 | 0:07:46 | |
And those who survived have remarkable stories to tell. | 0:07:46 | 0:07:51 | |
20 stewardesses stay in this hotel. Do we know much about them? | 0:07:51 | 0:07:55 | |
We know a few bits. We've got Violet Jessop. | 0:07:55 | 0:07:57 | |
She was quite a famous part of the White Star Line | 0:07:57 | 0:08:00 | |
and the Olympic-class liners. | 0:08:00 | 0:08:02 | |
She was on RMS Olympic | 0:08:02 | 0:08:04 | |
when the Olympic had her collision with HMS Hawke. | 0:08:04 | 0:08:08 | |
She was on Titanic. | 0:08:08 | 0:08:09 | |
And actually, she was on Britannic when she hit a mine | 0:08:09 | 0:08:13 | |
in the First World War. | 0:08:13 | 0:08:14 | |
So she survived a collision, a sinking and an act of war? | 0:08:14 | 0:08:19 | |
Yes, she did, yes. | 0:08:19 | 0:08:20 | |
I'm re-joining the route of the Cornish Riviera Express | 0:08:29 | 0:08:32 | |
at Plymouth's main station, heading west into Cornwall. | 0:08:32 | 0:08:37 | |
-I'm on my way to Fowey. Do you know Fowey? -Yes, I do. | 0:08:46 | 0:08:50 | |
On my birth certificate, I have "Place of birth - Fowey", | 0:08:50 | 0:08:54 | |
of which I am immensely proud. | 0:08:54 | 0:08:56 | |
It is very picturesque. | 0:08:56 | 0:08:59 | |
Very lovely. | 0:08:59 | 0:09:00 | |
Sadly, Fowey doesn't have its own railway station. | 0:09:00 | 0:09:03 | |
No, not for passengers. It does for freight. | 0:09:03 | 0:09:06 | |
Mostly China clay. | 0:09:06 | 0:09:08 | |
But I do remember when it did have a passenger train. | 0:09:08 | 0:09:12 | |
-Did you ever ride that train? -Yes, I did, yes. | 0:09:12 | 0:09:14 | |
With my grandmother, many times. | 0:09:14 | 0:09:16 | |
Do you remember what sort of a train that was? | 0:09:16 | 0:09:18 | |
No, I don't. I presume it was a steam one. | 0:09:18 | 0:09:21 | |
I should imagine, because it was that long ago. | 0:09:21 | 0:09:24 | |
Showing my age now. | 0:09:24 | 0:09:26 | |
I'll leave this train at Par, | 0:09:36 | 0:09:38 | |
on my way to Fowey in search of a writer. | 0:09:38 | 0:09:42 | |
Daphne du Maurier, you'll be thinking, | 0:09:42 | 0:09:44 | |
but, no, Edwardians would have associated Fowey with the man | 0:09:44 | 0:09:48 | |
who wrote this book - Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch. | 0:09:48 | 0:09:52 | |
Also known simply as Q. | 0:09:52 | 0:09:54 | |
It's time to rediscover this lost literary figure. | 0:09:54 | 0:09:59 | |
Par is four miles north-east of the picturesque Cornish port of Fowey, | 0:10:17 | 0:10:22 | |
where rows of colourful houses cascade towards the river. | 0:10:22 | 0:10:26 | |
It's the perfect setting for a delicious Cornish ice cream. | 0:10:26 | 0:10:31 | |
At the time of my Bradshaw's, | 0:10:33 | 0:10:35 | |
visitors would have found a harbour newly dredged | 0:10:35 | 0:10:38 | |
to accommodate the transport of China clay by boat. | 0:10:38 | 0:10:42 | |
"Of all views, I reckon that of a harbour | 0:10:43 | 0:10:46 | |
"the most fascinating and the most easeful, | 0:10:46 | 0:10:49 | |
"for it combines perpetual change with perpetual repose. | 0:10:49 | 0:10:52 | |
"It amuses like a panorama and soothes like an opiate." | 0:10:52 | 0:10:57 | |
So wrote author Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch, | 0:10:58 | 0:11:01 | |
who lived in Fowey from 1892 until his death in 1944. | 0:11:01 | 0:11:06 | |
I've come to the Fowey Museum for an introduction to Q | 0:11:09 | 0:11:13 | |
from curator Helen Luther. | 0:11:13 | 0:11:16 | |
-Hello, Helen. -Michael, nice to meet you. Welcome. -Very nice to meet you. | 0:11:16 | 0:11:20 | |
And what a charming museum. Helen, I didn't know about Q. | 0:11:20 | 0:11:23 | |
How famous was he in his day? | 0:11:23 | 0:11:26 | |
In his day, very famous. | 0:11:26 | 0:11:28 | |
A prolific author. | 0:11:28 | 0:11:29 | |
What we should remember him for? Novels? Poems? What? | 0:11:29 | 0:11:33 | |
Probably the most people will remember him from his poems, | 0:11:33 | 0:11:36 | |
the Oxford Book of Verse, | 0:11:36 | 0:11:38 | |
I think is probably what most people will remember. | 0:11:38 | 0:11:41 | |
As editor of the first Oxford Book of English Verse published in 1900, | 0:11:42 | 0:11:47 | |
Q helped to shape Edwardian Britain's taste in poetry. | 0:11:47 | 0:11:51 | |
His popular fiction was inspired by his native Cornwall | 0:11:51 | 0:11:55 | |
and his adoptive home, Fowey. | 0:11:55 | 0:11:57 | |
He immersed himself totally in the community. | 0:11:57 | 0:12:00 | |
Fell in love with Fowey and the view. | 0:12:00 | 0:12:02 | |
Later fell in love with a Fowey girl, who he married, | 0:12:02 | 0:12:05 | |
and then visited Fowey many times before he settled. | 0:12:05 | 0:12:08 | |
The Astonishing Story of Troy Town, published in 1888, | 0:12:09 | 0:12:14 | |
is a likely disguised depiction of Fowey. | 0:12:14 | 0:12:17 | |
It was so well-known to Edwardians that a 1905 guide | 0:12:17 | 0:12:20 | |
aimed at passengers on the Cornish Riviera Express | 0:12:20 | 0:12:24 | |
used Troy Town as a synonym for Fowey. | 0:12:24 | 0:12:27 | |
So, what kind of impression of Fowey do we get from these books? | 0:12:28 | 0:12:31 | |
A bit eccentric, I think. | 0:12:31 | 0:12:34 | |
Erm, people used to have fun. | 0:12:34 | 0:12:36 | |
There was certainly a lot going on. | 0:12:36 | 0:12:38 | |
There were stories... | 0:12:38 | 0:12:40 | |
historical stories that are interwoven into his novels. | 0:12:40 | 0:12:43 | |
So some of it is factually based, but a lot of amusing goings-on. | 0:12:43 | 0:12:48 | |
It was thinly disguised so people were in on the joke. | 0:12:48 | 0:12:51 | |
They knew this was Fowey, did they? | 0:12:51 | 0:12:53 | |
-And some people knew who was being referred to. -A-ha! | 0:12:53 | 0:12:56 | |
Did it attract people to Fowey? | 0:12:56 | 0:12:58 | |
People would flock, as they do now, for modern authors, | 0:12:58 | 0:13:01 | |
but they would certainly flock to Fowey for Q. | 0:13:01 | 0:13:04 | |
What did he look like? | 0:13:04 | 0:13:06 | |
A slight man. | 0:13:06 | 0:13:08 | |
Slim and not very tall. | 0:13:08 | 0:13:10 | |
But he was a very snazzy dresser. | 0:13:10 | 0:13:12 | |
He was known for his loud ties and lairy jackets. | 0:13:12 | 0:13:16 | |
And, in fact, here we've got a bowler hat. | 0:13:16 | 0:13:19 | |
One of the many bowler hats, | 0:13:19 | 0:13:21 | |
because he had them to match his jackets. | 0:13:21 | 0:13:24 | |
And it's a brown bowler hat. | 0:13:24 | 0:13:27 | |
-A little bit racy, I would have thought, wouldn't you? -Yes. | 0:13:28 | 0:13:31 | |
Some people likened him to a ticket tout with his colourful dress. | 0:13:31 | 0:13:34 | |
-I think I'll take it off, then. -I also have a photograph sure of Q. | 0:13:34 | 0:13:39 | |
How splendid. | 0:13:39 | 0:13:40 | |
So his hat and his tie matched. | 0:13:40 | 0:13:45 | |
I'm getting to like this Q fellow rather a lot. | 0:13:45 | 0:13:48 | |
Yes, I thought you would. | 0:13:48 | 0:13:50 | |
His close friend Kenneth Grahame | 0:13:53 | 0:13:55 | |
based the Wind in the Willows character Ratty on Q. | 0:13:55 | 0:14:00 | |
And there's another literary connection that I'm keen to explore. | 0:14:01 | 0:14:04 | |
In 1929, novelist Daphne du Maurier moved to Fowey. | 0:14:04 | 0:14:09 | |
Writer Polly Gregson can tell me more. | 0:14:09 | 0:14:12 | |
Polly, many people associate Fowey with Daphne du Maurier | 0:14:12 | 0:14:15 | |
and I'm just thinking, did Q and she ever meet? | 0:14:15 | 0:14:19 | |
Yeah, definitely, actually, they knew each other really well. | 0:14:19 | 0:14:22 | |
She was sort of taken under his wing slightly. | 0:14:22 | 0:14:24 | |
When she first came to Fowey as a holiday destination, | 0:14:24 | 0:14:27 | |
she spent a lot of time here as a really young 22-year-old | 0:14:27 | 0:14:30 | |
trying to write her first novel. | 0:14:30 | 0:14:32 | |
She was finding it a bit difficult and he really helped her. | 0:14:32 | 0:14:34 | |
He was a father figure. | 0:14:34 | 0:14:36 | |
She was incredibly close to his daughter, also called Foy, | 0:14:36 | 0:14:39 | |
but with a Y, not a W-E-Y. | 0:14:39 | 0:14:42 | |
You studied them both. | 0:14:42 | 0:14:44 | |
Can you see in her work that she was a sort of pupil of Q's? | 0:14:44 | 0:14:47 | |
Erm, I think that interpretation is definitely relevant | 0:14:47 | 0:14:51 | |
with regards to their way of describing Cornwall, | 0:14:51 | 0:14:53 | |
the kind of adjectives they used, and, of course, the characters. | 0:14:53 | 0:14:57 | |
You can really recognise typical Cornish people | 0:14:57 | 0:14:59 | |
portrayed in both of their novels. | 0:14:59 | 0:15:01 | |
This literary tradition really means something to Fowey, doesn't it? | 0:15:01 | 0:15:05 | |
It produces a lot of tourists, apart from anything else. | 0:15:05 | 0:15:08 | |
It absolutely does, and I think that was originally part of the reason | 0:15:08 | 0:15:11 | |
why Q was interested in promoting it to such an extent, | 0:15:11 | 0:15:14 | |
because during the 1890s there was the tin crisis | 0:15:14 | 0:15:17 | |
and there was a lot of financial problems happening. | 0:15:17 | 0:15:20 | |
I think Q's effort as a, kind of, promoter of Cornish culture | 0:15:20 | 0:15:23 | |
was to write this into his novels in a way that was interesting | 0:15:23 | 0:15:26 | |
for other people to read and would actually attract people | 0:15:26 | 0:15:29 | |
to this "Cornish Riviera", that was the sort of phrase | 0:15:29 | 0:15:32 | |
that was bandied around a lot at the time. | 0:15:32 | 0:15:34 | |
I'm back on the route of the old Cornish Riviera Express, | 0:15:39 | 0:15:43 | |
on the final leg of my journey. | 0:15:43 | 0:15:45 | |
Today, as in 1904, | 0:16:02 | 0:16:04 | |
passengers are rewarded with the glorious sight | 0:16:04 | 0:16:07 | |
of Saint Michael's Mount. | 0:16:07 | 0:16:09 | |
I'm alighting at Penzance Station, bound for neighbouring Newlyn. | 0:16:17 | 0:16:22 | |
I shall explore in the morning. | 0:16:25 | 0:16:27 | |
Newlyn harbour, poised where the English Channel meets the Atlantic, | 0:16:45 | 0:16:49 | |
has long been a fishing port. | 0:16:49 | 0:16:51 | |
Today, it's one of the largest in the United Kingdom. | 0:16:51 | 0:16:54 | |
Fishing at the mercy of the weather and the seasons | 0:16:55 | 0:16:59 | |
offers precarious employment. | 0:16:59 | 0:17:01 | |
And around the turn of the 20th century, | 0:17:01 | 0:17:04 | |
Newlyn pioneered a project to help local fishermen. | 0:17:04 | 0:17:07 | |
Coppersmith Michael Johnson keeps the tradition alive. | 0:17:07 | 0:17:11 | |
-Hello, Michael. I'm Michael, too. -Michael, nice to meet you. | 0:17:11 | 0:17:15 | |
What an extraordinarily picturesque workshop. | 0:17:15 | 0:17:18 | |
-I've never been in a place quite like it. -Thank you. | 0:17:18 | 0:17:21 | |
I associate Cornwall with tin | 0:17:21 | 0:17:23 | |
but it was big in copper, as well, was it? | 0:17:23 | 0:17:25 | |
Everyone thinks of tin and Cornwall, | 0:17:25 | 0:17:28 | |
but, really, copper was so much more important in Cornwall early on. | 0:17:28 | 0:17:31 | |
Cornish copper went all over the world. | 0:17:31 | 0:17:33 | |
John Drew Mackenzie started this workshop, the Copperworks, in 1890. | 0:17:33 | 0:17:37 | |
Mackenzie was part of a school of artists | 0:17:38 | 0:17:41 | |
who based themselves in Newlyn at the end of the 19th century | 0:17:41 | 0:17:44 | |
when the railways had made Cornwall accessible. | 0:17:44 | 0:17:47 | |
The fishing industry was struggling. Mackenzie was an illustrator | 0:17:48 | 0:17:52 | |
and he was looking to try and find a way to augment | 0:17:52 | 0:17:54 | |
the fishermen's income to give them something else to do. | 0:17:54 | 0:17:57 | |
Clearly, the guys were not going to do silk work, silver enamel, | 0:17:57 | 0:18:00 | |
but they were good with their hands, | 0:18:00 | 0:18:02 | |
so copper seemed an obvious one to do. | 0:18:02 | 0:18:04 | |
And the fishermen took to this work, did they? | 0:18:04 | 0:18:06 | |
They did, yes, no, definitely. | 0:18:06 | 0:18:08 | |
Mackenzie himself had little expertise. | 0:18:08 | 0:18:11 | |
To teach them this new skill, | 0:18:11 | 0:18:13 | |
he brought in from London coppersmith John Pearson. | 0:18:13 | 0:18:17 | |
Soon enough, the fishermen were able to reproduce MacKenzie's designs | 0:18:17 | 0:18:21 | |
onto household objects. | 0:18:21 | 0:18:24 | |
Today, their works are collectors' items. | 0:18:24 | 0:18:27 | |
John Pearson was the creme de la creme of copper workers | 0:18:28 | 0:18:31 | |
in this country. | 0:18:31 | 0:18:32 | |
I've got a lovely piece of his here. | 0:18:32 | 0:18:35 | |
That is extraordinary. | 0:18:35 | 0:18:36 | |
That's a stunning piece that a client's brought in for restoration. | 0:18:36 | 0:18:40 | |
It's now fully restored. A client brought it in and said, | 0:18:40 | 0:18:42 | |
"Could you show me how to polish it, Mike?" | 0:18:42 | 0:18:45 | |
To which I took a deep intake of breath and said, | 0:18:45 | 0:18:47 | |
"Please don't go anywhere near it with any polish." | 0:18:47 | 0:18:50 | |
The patina is exquisite. The patina is very deliberate, too. | 0:18:50 | 0:18:53 | |
Pearson chose to create a lot of darkness in his work. | 0:18:53 | 0:18:56 | |
Gorgeous thing. | 0:18:56 | 0:18:57 | |
Now, Michael, I don't suppose that we'd achieve this on a first outing, | 0:18:57 | 0:19:01 | |
but would you just like to show me the nature of the work? | 0:19:01 | 0:19:05 | |
I will, yes. | 0:19:05 | 0:19:06 | |
We're working on a series of little boats at the moment. | 0:19:06 | 0:19:09 | |
-We'll have a go at making one ourselves. -Aye, aye, captain. | 0:19:09 | 0:19:12 | |
Here we go. | 0:19:17 | 0:19:18 | |
-And that's the start of the boat. -Very good. What next? | 0:19:23 | 0:19:27 | |
Time to heat it up to anneal it. We've got to get the metal soft now. | 0:19:27 | 0:19:30 | |
We're going to get it red hot and staunch it in cold water. | 0:19:30 | 0:19:33 | |
Newlyn fishermen learned a technique known as repousse. | 0:19:44 | 0:19:48 | |
They beat the pattern out of the copper against a lead block. | 0:19:48 | 0:19:52 | |
My little trick is not the lead block, so much as Blu Tack. | 0:19:52 | 0:19:55 | |
And we're going to hammer inside the line we've just chiselled. | 0:19:55 | 0:19:59 | |
And there's our image starting to come through on the front. | 0:20:02 | 0:20:05 | |
Isn't that lovely? That's really very satisfying. | 0:20:05 | 0:20:08 | |
As they say, here's one we made earlier. | 0:20:09 | 0:20:11 | |
It's a steam train cabin. That is superb. | 0:20:11 | 0:20:13 | |
-Look at that with a little funnel. -And there's our fish. | 0:20:13 | 0:20:16 | |
And here it says GBRJ. | 0:20:16 | 0:20:19 | |
-And may God bless all who sail in her. -Thank you, Michael. | 0:20:19 | 0:20:23 | |
I leave my hammer and chisel behind to proceed to my last destination. | 0:20:25 | 0:20:30 | |
Beyond the railway tracks, down the rugged Cornish coast, is The Lizard, | 0:20:31 | 0:20:35 | |
the southernmost tip of the British Isles, | 0:20:35 | 0:20:39 | |
where an historic event took place at the dawn of the 20th century. | 0:20:39 | 0:20:43 | |
Here's a piece from a newspaper dated December 17th 1901 | 0:20:48 | 0:20:54 | |
in a column called Gossip of the Day. | 0:20:54 | 0:20:57 | |
"Signor Marconi has authorised the correspondent of The Times | 0:20:58 | 0:21:02 | |
"in St John's, Newfoundland, to state that the electric signals | 0:21:02 | 0:21:06 | |
"received by him from his Cornwall station | 0:21:06 | 0:21:09 | |
"were distinct and unmistakable. | 0:21:09 | 0:21:12 | |
"He's asked that the fact may be stated to the King, | 0:21:12 | 0:21:15 | |
"who has always taken so deep in interest." | 0:21:15 | 0:21:19 | |
Some breakthroughs in technology make you gasp. | 0:21:19 | 0:21:22 | |
This must have seemed like magic | 0:21:22 | 0:21:25 | |
and it happened from here. | 0:21:25 | 0:21:28 | |
Inventor come engineer extraordinaire, Guglielmo Marconi, | 0:21:29 | 0:21:34 | |
was the first person successfully to send a radio signal | 0:21:34 | 0:21:38 | |
across the Atlantic Ocean. | 0:21:38 | 0:21:40 | |
He'd stationed himself here in Poldhu. | 0:21:40 | 0:21:44 | |
Keith Matthew is a member of the Poldhu Amateur Radio Club | 0:21:44 | 0:21:48 | |
and a Marconi enthusiast. | 0:21:48 | 0:21:50 | |
Keith, we're actually seated on the ruins of Marconi's station. | 0:21:50 | 0:21:54 | |
We are indeed, yes. | 0:21:54 | 0:21:56 | |
When he sends a message from here in 1901, | 0:21:56 | 0:21:59 | |
does he think it's going to reach the New World? | 0:21:59 | 0:22:02 | |
Well, his entire future reputation depended on it. | 0:22:02 | 0:22:05 | |
I think, yes. Well, he was young and supremely confident. | 0:22:05 | 0:22:10 | |
Born in Italy in 1874 to an Italian father and an Irish mother, | 0:22:11 | 0:22:17 | |
Marconi's bold ideas found supporters in Britain. | 0:22:17 | 0:22:21 | |
To the world's maritime superpower, | 0:22:22 | 0:22:24 | |
the potential value of wireless communication was obvious. | 0:22:24 | 0:22:28 | |
Many physicists had thought it impossible, | 0:22:29 | 0:22:32 | |
but here in Cornwall, Marconi proved that a radio waves | 0:22:32 | 0:22:36 | |
could travel beyond the horizon. | 0:22:36 | 0:22:39 | |
He thought that the waves | 0:22:39 | 0:22:40 | |
more or less travelled over the surface of the ocean, | 0:22:40 | 0:22:43 | |
and he thought that it was the conductivity of the saltwater | 0:22:43 | 0:22:47 | |
that carried the waves across. | 0:22:47 | 0:22:49 | |
He was incredibly lucky in this | 0:22:49 | 0:22:51 | |
because the theory was completely and utterly wrong. | 0:22:51 | 0:22:54 | |
We now know that there is this layer of ionised air | 0:22:54 | 0:22:59 | |
in the upper atmosphere which, in fact, bounces the waves down. | 0:22:59 | 0:23:03 | |
Marconi, of course, had no idea of this at the time. | 0:23:03 | 0:23:06 | |
I suppose everyone is entitled to their luck. | 0:23:06 | 0:23:09 | |
What was it that he was sending and that was received in Newfoundland? | 0:23:09 | 0:23:13 | |
It was only a signal. | 0:23:13 | 0:23:14 | |
Marconi had got used to using the S, | 0:23:14 | 0:23:17 | |
dit-dit-dit, dit-dit-dit, | 0:23:17 | 0:23:20 | |
which could be easily distinguished from the natural, sort of, | 0:23:20 | 0:23:24 | |
bangs and crashes caused by lightning strikes and so forth. | 0:23:24 | 0:23:27 | |
How quickly did it advance to becoming something reliable? | 0:23:27 | 0:23:31 | |
Marconi, being always a showman, he, in fact, | 0:23:31 | 0:23:34 | |
managed to get Theodore Roosevelt to send a message to Edward VII. | 0:23:34 | 0:23:38 | |
As it happens, the conditions were very good on that night | 0:23:38 | 0:23:42 | |
and Poldhu heard the signal clearly, replied that all had been received, | 0:23:42 | 0:23:47 | |
and this was the first two-way contact | 0:23:47 | 0:23:50 | |
between the USA and the United Kingdom. | 0:23:50 | 0:23:53 | |
Marconi's achievement laid the foundation of telecommunications. | 0:23:55 | 0:24:00 | |
Six decades on, this Cornish peninsula | 0:24:00 | 0:24:03 | |
played another pivotal role in broadcasting history. | 0:24:03 | 0:24:07 | |
A vivid memory from childhood, | 0:24:08 | 0:24:10 | |
switching on a flickering black and white television | 0:24:10 | 0:24:14 | |
to see the first-ever live transmission | 0:24:14 | 0:24:17 | |
from the United States to Europe. | 0:24:17 | 0:24:20 | |
At the time, a satellite was a household name, Telstar, | 0:24:20 | 0:24:25 | |
and a place name was on everybody's lips - Goonhilly. | 0:24:25 | 0:24:30 | |
On the night of the 11th of July 1962, | 0:24:33 | 0:24:36 | |
from space, Telstar received and forwarded images | 0:24:36 | 0:24:41 | |
to Goonhilly's first dish. | 0:24:41 | 0:24:43 | |
This place has been shaping the British telecommunications industry | 0:24:44 | 0:24:48 | |
ever since. | 0:24:48 | 0:24:49 | |
Matt Cosby is chief scientist at the site. | 0:24:51 | 0:24:55 | |
I think, actually, for anyone who's reasonably young | 0:24:57 | 0:25:01 | |
and so used to telecommunications, it's difficult to understand | 0:25:01 | 0:25:05 | |
what I feel contemplating Goonhilly 1, | 0:25:05 | 0:25:08 | |
because I remember how it all started. | 0:25:08 | 0:25:10 | |
And that really is a wonderful piece of historic heritage. | 0:25:10 | 0:25:14 | |
Absolutely, yeah, and that's where it all started. | 0:25:14 | 0:25:17 | |
The geographic advantage that was exploited in Cornwall by Marconi | 0:25:17 | 0:25:22 | |
-was exploited again by this dish. -Absolutely. | 0:25:22 | 0:25:24 | |
And it's the fact that we're so close to America. | 0:25:24 | 0:25:27 | |
We're also high up here on the peninsula, about 100 metres high, | 0:25:27 | 0:25:30 | |
so we've got a very good horizon view, | 0:25:30 | 0:25:33 | |
which makes it ideal for communications. | 0:25:33 | 0:25:35 | |
Big dishes like this one, what are you using them for now? | 0:25:35 | 0:25:39 | |
So, the larger antennas have become more redundant | 0:25:39 | 0:25:43 | |
because the spacecraft have become better, higher power, | 0:25:43 | 0:25:46 | |
more sensitive, so you don't need the large apertures. | 0:25:46 | 0:25:49 | |
They can be used for other things. | 0:25:49 | 0:25:51 | |
What we're currently using them for is forming part of Nasa's deep space network. | 0:25:51 | 0:25:54 | |
The antenna we're sitting under here, Goonhilly 6, | 0:25:54 | 0:25:57 | |
is currently tracking the moon. | 0:25:57 | 0:25:58 | |
So if you want to go downstairs and look at tracking the moon. | 0:25:58 | 0:26:02 | |
Sounds pretty good. Thank you very much. | 0:26:02 | 0:26:05 | |
Using the reflective quality of the moon's surface, | 0:26:05 | 0:26:08 | |
we're going to send a radio signal all the way up there | 0:26:08 | 0:26:11 | |
and receive it back on Earth. | 0:26:11 | 0:26:13 | |
Radio amateur Brian Coleman is going to help me to perform | 0:26:13 | 0:26:17 | |
this moon bounce. | 0:26:17 | 0:26:19 | |
-Brian, I'm Michael. -Hello, Michael. | 0:26:19 | 0:26:21 | |
So, I believe we're doing something with the moon. | 0:26:21 | 0:26:25 | |
Yes, we're going to send the letter S to the moon | 0:26:25 | 0:26:27 | |
and wait for its echo to come back after 2.6 seconds. | 0:26:27 | 0:26:30 | |
The same letter that Marconi used. | 0:26:30 | 0:26:33 | |
-And that's three dots, isn't it? -It is indeed. | 0:26:33 | 0:26:35 | |
THREE DOTS | 0:26:36 | 0:26:38 | |
DOTS ECHO BACK | 0:26:39 | 0:26:41 | |
-All the way to the moon and back? -Indeed. | 0:26:41 | 0:26:44 | |
Would I also be able to send a voice message in the same way? | 0:26:44 | 0:26:46 | |
Yes, you certainly can. | 0:26:46 | 0:26:48 | |
Even Bradshaw never went to the moon. | 0:26:48 | 0:26:51 | |
'Even Bradshaw never went to the moon.' | 0:26:51 | 0:26:54 | |
That is fantastic. My voice has gone to the moon and back! | 0:26:54 | 0:26:57 | |
Great stuff. | 0:26:57 | 0:26:58 | |
With Marconi sending radio waves across the Atlantic | 0:27:14 | 0:27:18 | |
in the year that Queen Victoria died, | 0:27:18 | 0:27:20 | |
the new Edwardians were aware that new technology ushered in a new age. | 0:27:20 | 0:27:26 | |
As I discovered when I was in south Wales, it was industrial strife, | 0:27:26 | 0:27:31 | |
not least in the railways, and violence from militant suffragettes. | 0:27:31 | 0:27:36 | |
But as Britain approached a century without war | 0:27:36 | 0:27:40 | |
on the European continent, | 0:27:40 | 0:27:42 | |
and since the German Kaiser and the Russian Tsar were nephews | 0:27:42 | 0:27:46 | |
of the British King, | 0:27:46 | 0:27:47 | |
what could possibly disturb the international peace? | 0:27:47 | 0:27:51 | |
Next time, of the chips are down but I'm on the up. | 0:27:59 | 0:28:04 | |
He-he! | 0:28:04 | 0:28:06 | |
Oh, let's play again. | 0:28:06 | 0:28:08 | |
I hear a tale of wartime resilience. | 0:28:09 | 0:28:12 | |
There was a rumble in the air, people thought it might be thunder, | 0:28:12 | 0:28:15 | |
but it wasn't, it was the shells from the German Navy. | 0:28:15 | 0:28:18 | |
And I get a taste of Edwardian temperance. | 0:28:18 | 0:28:21 | |
"Not even a dipsomaniac would have touched this mixture | 0:28:21 | 0:28:24 | |
"of fungus and smelly liquid." | 0:28:24 | 0:28:26 | |
-That's superb. -She had a way with words. | 0:28:26 | 0:28:29 |