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On a Suffolk air force base, where fighter planes scream overhead, | 0:00:48 | 0:00:53 | |
an ancient warrior has been found, but he wasn't alone. | 0:00:53 | 0:00:58 | |
For some weeks, a group of archaeologists | 0:01:03 | 0:01:07 | |
have been digging behind the fences. They've found something spectacular, | 0:01:07 | 0:01:12 | |
and decided to let us in on the secret. | 0:01:12 | 0:01:15 | |
The excavation is happening at the US air force base at Lakenheath. | 0:01:15 | 0:01:19 | |
Security here is very tight. | 0:01:22 | 0:01:24 | |
I've never been given a military escort to a dig before, | 0:01:24 | 0:01:29 | |
but eventually, I was handed over to archaeologist Jo Carruth. | 0:01:29 | 0:01:33 | |
-Hi, Jo! -Hi! -Jo, I want you to meet Julian Richards. -Hello! -Hello! | 0:01:33 | 0:01:38 | |
-Jo Carruth is the archaeologist in charge of the site. She'll show you everything. -Let's go! | 0:01:38 | 0:01:45 | |
Under a field where new dormitories will be built, | 0:01:48 | 0:01:52 | |
the Suffolk archaeological unit have discovered over 160 graves. | 0:01:52 | 0:01:57 | |
Jo wanted to show me one of them. | 0:01:57 | 0:02:00 | |
As you can see, we've got a warrior and his horse. | 0:02:00 | 0:02:04 | |
The man's on this side, | 0:02:04 | 0:02:07 | |
and he's buried in a coffin with a spear | 0:02:07 | 0:02:10 | |
and a shield - the shield boss is the lump of metal on his chest. | 0:02:10 | 0:02:15 | |
The shield would have been wooden, but it's rotted away. | 0:02:15 | 0:02:19 | |
-Down here, you can see his sword. -Enormous! -It has an iron blade. | 0:02:19 | 0:02:24 | |
That's a warrior, isn't it? | 0:02:24 | 0:02:26 | |
Someone who has a sword, a spear, a shield and a horse - there's no question! | 0:02:26 | 0:02:32 | |
That's it, yeah. | 0:02:32 | 0:02:34 | |
The man and horse were buried in Saxon times over 1,300 years ago - | 0:02:34 | 0:02:39 | |
the horse sacrificed to accompany him to the afterlife. | 0:02:39 | 0:02:43 | |
Green stains on the horse's skull mark where bronze bridle fittings were. | 0:02:43 | 0:02:49 | |
They were removed for conservation. Jo hopes that more lie beneath it. | 0:02:49 | 0:02:54 | |
In other horse burials we've seen, the harness wasn't in position. | 0:02:54 | 0:02:59 | |
We knew they wore harnesses but didn't know how they fitted them - | 0:02:59 | 0:03:04 | |
with the leather gone, only metal pieces remained. | 0:03:04 | 0:03:08 | |
Now we'll know how those pieces fit in relation to each other, so it's exciting! | 0:03:08 | 0:03:14 | |
-It couldn't be better! -It's the best thing! | 0:03:14 | 0:03:18 | |
The air base is like a small American town where over 10,000 people live and work. | 0:03:20 | 0:03:26 | |
The discovery of the Anglo-Saxon cemetery caused quite a stir. | 0:03:26 | 0:03:31 | |
-This is very exciting! -It's gripped everyone on the base, hasn't it? | 0:03:31 | 0:03:36 | |
Yes. Who'd have thought that in our own back yard, this site of warriors | 0:03:36 | 0:03:42 | |
was also the site of ancient warriors? Incredible. | 0:03:42 | 0:03:46 | |
Archaeologists need to assess the state of the bones and artefacts | 0:03:46 | 0:03:50 | |
to decide how best to remove them. | 0:03:50 | 0:03:53 | |
A closer look at the corroded sword, placed at the warrior's side, | 0:03:55 | 0:04:00 | |
shows it's fused to his arm bone. | 0:04:00 | 0:04:03 | |
The finds are so important that the British Museum has sent specialists. | 0:04:03 | 0:04:08 | |
To ensure that vital evidence is not lost when the sword is lifted, | 0:04:11 | 0:04:16 | |
it's first wrapped in foil and then encased in sheets of flexible resin, | 0:04:16 | 0:04:21 | |
which hardens in daylight, giving off toxic fumes in the process. | 0:04:21 | 0:04:26 | |
The same method is used to lift the horse's skull and soil underneath. | 0:04:34 | 0:04:39 | |
Only back in the British Museum laboratory, | 0:04:39 | 0:04:43 | |
will they find if there are more of the delicate harness fittings. | 0:04:43 | 0:04:47 | |
All the bones in the grave are in remarkable condition. | 0:04:53 | 0:04:58 | |
Even the warrior's ribs | 0:04:58 | 0:05:00 | |
and the fragile bones of his spine could be removed intact. | 0:05:00 | 0:05:06 | |
Finally, with great care, the skull is lifted | 0:05:12 | 0:05:17 | |
and we see the first clues to the face of our ancestor. | 0:05:17 | 0:05:21 | |
You can tell he's done it before! | 0:05:25 | 0:05:28 | |
The warrior's grave was the largest in the cemetery and would have been marked by a low earth mound. | 0:05:32 | 0:05:39 | |
But around it, are smaller graves. | 0:05:39 | 0:05:42 | |
We've got a cluster of child graves all around the horse burial. | 0:05:42 | 0:05:46 | |
'The graves cut into chalk contained well-preserved skeletons. | 0:05:46 | 0:05:52 | |
'But in the more acidic sand, often only faint outlines of the bones could be made out.' | 0:05:52 | 0:05:58 | |
..the ribs coming across. | 0:05:58 | 0:06:00 | |
And a bit of upper leg here... | 0:06:00 | 0:06:04 | |
'But some contained unusual finds.' | 0:06:04 | 0:06:06 | |
-Isn't that a spear? -It is. | 0:06:06 | 0:06:09 | |
And that's a knife, as well. | 0:06:09 | 0:06:12 | |
This is the third child grave we've had with weapons. | 0:06:12 | 0:06:16 | |
It's a bit bizarre really. I don't know what it means. | 0:06:16 | 0:06:21 | |
That child can't be more than three, maybe four. | 0:06:21 | 0:06:25 | |
-Yes. -It seems so incongruous - | 0:06:25 | 0:06:27 | |
a little grave and these great big grown-up weapons in it. | 0:06:27 | 0:06:32 | |
Until today, my impression of the man in the grave with the horse and weapons | 0:06:39 | 0:06:45 | |
was of somebody who was a warrior. | 0:06:45 | 0:06:48 | |
But finding his grave surrounded by graves of little children has softened the way I think about him. | 0:06:48 | 0:06:55 | |
He might have looked after the children in death, as presumably he did in life. | 0:06:55 | 0:07:01 | |
He was their protector. | 0:07:01 | 0:07:04 | |
The pathologist's report told us | 0:07:04 | 0:07:07 | |
that the warrior was a robust man of 5' 10" and in his early 30s. | 0:07:07 | 0:07:12 | |
But there are no clues, no signs of illness or injury, | 0:07:12 | 0:07:17 | |
to suggest how or why he died. | 0:07:17 | 0:07:19 | |
His death remains a mystery, but I wanted to know what he looked like. | 0:07:19 | 0:07:25 | |
-A small box. -It's a small box | 0:07:27 | 0:07:30 | |
but it's a fairly large skull... | 0:07:30 | 0:07:33 | |
'I took the skull to University College, London, | 0:07:33 | 0:07:38 | |
'where Robin Richards will reconstruct the warrior's face. | 0:07:38 | 0:07:42 | |
'A laser beam scans the skull, providing data for a computer to produce an accurate 3D image. | 0:07:45 | 0:07:52 | |
'Robin plots points to show where skin and tissue depths are known | 0:07:52 | 0:07:58 | |
'and wraps an average face around the skull.' | 0:07:58 | 0:08:03 | |
-Can we see what the average face looks like? -Where I'm starting from, it looks like that. | 0:08:03 | 0:08:09 | |
-Same sort of age, same sex. -Yes. | 0:08:10 | 0:08:14 | |
So what happens when you put that face over a Saxon skull? | 0:08:14 | 0:08:19 | |
We get a face that looks like...this. | 0:08:19 | 0:08:25 | |
The jaw has squared up. | 0:08:25 | 0:08:28 | |
One thing puzzles me. Can you go back to the skull? | 0:08:28 | 0:08:32 | |
I had the impression that the skull had quite a point to the chin. | 0:08:32 | 0:08:37 | |
Let's go back to the face now. | 0:08:38 | 0:08:41 | |
Is it that square across the front? | 0:08:41 | 0:08:44 | |
No, it's not. You're right, that point to the chin is there. | 0:08:44 | 0:08:49 | |
In her studio, archaeological illustrator Jane Brayne | 0:08:51 | 0:08:56 | |
works on the warrior's portrait. | 0:08:56 | 0:09:00 | |
The warrior didn't reveal much, but the horse was a different story. | 0:09:00 | 0:09:04 | |
In Bury St Edmunds, I met animal bone specialist Terry O'Connor. | 0:09:06 | 0:09:11 | |
'The horse's head was still being excavated at the British Museum, | 0:09:11 | 0:09:16 | |
'but there was still plenty to find out.' | 0:09:16 | 0:09:20 | |
For a Saxon horse, this is large | 0:09:20 | 0:09:23 | |
but compared with modern horses, it's a big pony. About 14 hands. | 0:09:23 | 0:09:28 | |
Looking at the state of maturity of the skeleton, it's just reached skeletal maturity. | 0:09:28 | 0:09:34 | |
It appears to be a male horse, so that puts it about five years old | 0:09:34 | 0:09:39 | |
give or take a year. | 0:09:39 | 0:09:42 | |
-It's not some old nag that was killed put in the grave? -No, it's a fine animal, in its prime. | 0:09:42 | 0:09:49 | |
Though there is some evidence of injury and some bone pathology. | 0:09:49 | 0:09:54 | |
There's one bit on this radius. | 0:09:54 | 0:09:57 | |
If we rather delicately lift it off. | 0:09:57 | 0:10:01 | |
Down here at the wrist end of the bone | 0:10:01 | 0:10:05 | |
there's a raised area of roughened, rather spongy-looking bone. | 0:10:05 | 0:10:10 | |
Extra bone where there shouldn't be any is a bit of an enigma | 0:10:10 | 0:10:15 | |
because a lot of things can cause the skeleton to sprout extra bone. | 0:10:15 | 0:10:20 | |
The most likely bet, given the condition of that new bone, and given its position, | 0:10:20 | 0:10:27 | |
is that this horse has had a deep bruise, up on the forefoot - a vulnerable area. | 0:10:27 | 0:10:33 | |
If bruising like that causes bleeding between the surface of the bone and the thin layer of tissue, | 0:10:33 | 0:10:40 | |
the blood clot can ossify. | 0:10:40 | 0:10:42 | |
The skeleton reacts to having the blood clot and turns to bone. I think that's what we've got. | 0:10:42 | 0:10:49 | |
It doesn't seem to have affected the joint itself. | 0:10:49 | 0:10:54 | |
-It wouldn't make the horse lame? -Probably not. | 0:10:54 | 0:10:58 | |
But the pathology on the back feet may have. | 0:10:58 | 0:11:01 | |
Let's look at the first and second bones of the toe. | 0:11:05 | 0:11:10 | |
In this case, they're normal with a smooth, even joint surface. | 0:11:10 | 0:11:14 | |
There's no extra bone or lipping of the joint. | 0:11:14 | 0:11:18 | |
If we compare that with this foot, the difference is fairly startling. | 0:11:18 | 0:11:26 | |
It's in a dreadful state. | 0:11:26 | 0:11:30 | |
It's crumbly and there's new bone formation making something of a lip. | 0:11:30 | 0:11:35 | |
And the joint surface itself is rather sort of scooped out. | 0:11:35 | 0:11:40 | |
In places, it's breaking down altogether. | 0:11:40 | 0:11:44 | |
There's uneven pitting | 0:11:44 | 0:11:47 | |
which in fact matches nicely across the two sides of the joint. | 0:11:47 | 0:11:53 | |
That's very nice, but not for the horse. | 0:11:53 | 0:11:56 | |
We would loosely describe that as arthritis. | 0:11:56 | 0:12:00 | |
-Would this have made the horse lame? -Yes, that joint | 0:12:00 | 0:12:03 | |
would not have been moving properly. | 0:12:03 | 0:12:06 | |
The abrasion shows it is still moving but the new bone formation shows it wasn't moving normally. | 0:12:06 | 0:12:14 | |
In the live animal, it would look expanded and uncomfortable | 0:12:14 | 0:12:19 | |
and it probably limped on that foot. | 0:12:19 | 0:12:22 | |
For Jane to do a really accurate reconstruction, we need two things. | 0:12:24 | 0:12:29 | |
The first is a horse. | 0:12:29 | 0:12:31 | |
Thank you. | 0:12:31 | 0:12:34 | |
Meet Jim - he's just the right type and height. | 0:12:34 | 0:12:38 | |
We also need the warrior. And guess who's the same height as he is? | 0:12:38 | 0:12:43 | |
Hello. Do you want to be a Saxon horse? | 0:12:43 | 0:12:46 | |
OK, here we go. | 0:12:46 | 0:12:49 | |
-Meet Jim. -He's lovely! | 0:12:52 | 0:12:56 | |
He's exactly the right size and type of horse. | 0:12:56 | 0:12:59 | |
-So about 14,3? -Yes. And he's got a nice shaggy mane. | 0:12:59 | 0:13:04 | |
-Plenty of tail. -It looks to have been trimmed a bit. | 0:13:04 | 0:13:08 | |
-Perhaps slightly hairier fetlocks. -Do you mean me or the horse?! | 0:13:08 | 0:13:13 | |
I wouldn't like to say, really! | 0:13:13 | 0:13:16 | |
So I think this should be a good basis for you to start. | 0:13:16 | 0:13:21 | |
To get on with her reconstruction, Jane went to the British Museum | 0:13:23 | 0:13:28 | |
to see the artefacts from the warrior's grave. | 0:13:28 | 0:13:33 | |
Conservator Fleur Sheerman showed her what was on the other side of the horse's head - | 0:13:33 | 0:13:38 | |
more bridal fittings and traces of the strap that linked them. | 0:13:38 | 0:13:44 | |
..the vertebrae of the neck here. | 0:13:44 | 0:13:47 | |
Here are the main fittings, with the leather strap down here | 0:13:47 | 0:13:53 | |
and perhaps joining on to this one behind the bit. | 0:13:53 | 0:13:57 | |
And then the bit area is here. | 0:13:57 | 0:14:01 | |
It's very useful for me to do this. | 0:14:03 | 0:14:06 | |
You never look at anything so intensely as when you're drawing. | 0:14:06 | 0:14:11 | |
You look very closely at things. | 0:14:11 | 0:14:15 | |
And you also begin to understand the structure. | 0:14:15 | 0:14:19 | |
That should feed into my finished reconstruction. | 0:14:19 | 0:14:23 | |
It's better than photographs or other people's drawings. | 0:14:23 | 0:14:28 | |
You get a three-dimensional sense of the thing, which is important. | 0:14:28 | 0:14:34 | |
And here it comes. | 0:14:34 | 0:14:38 | |
The next job for Fleur is to remove the delicate fittings | 0:14:38 | 0:14:42 | |
for cleaning and restoration. | 0:14:42 | 0:14:45 | |
Here's the cruciform. | 0:14:46 | 0:14:49 | |
There we are. | 0:14:49 | 0:14:53 | |
The weapons buried with the warrior | 0:14:53 | 0:14:56 | |
are also in Fleur's care. | 0:14:56 | 0:14:59 | |
The iron shield boss was held in place with silver-plated rivets. | 0:14:59 | 0:15:04 | |
Gently cleaning with formic acid | 0:15:06 | 0:15:09 | |
restores the silver to its original splendour. | 0:15:09 | 0:15:13 | |
The restored rivets give a real sense of how the shield looked. | 0:15:18 | 0:15:22 | |
The central piece reveals scratch marks. | 0:15:22 | 0:15:26 | |
Could these be battle scars? | 0:15:26 | 0:15:29 | |
The warrior's sword is barely recognisable as a weapon, | 0:15:32 | 0:15:36 | |
but this mass of rust holds a clue as to how it was made. | 0:15:36 | 0:15:41 | |
X-rays of the sword reveal faint diagonal lines in a chevron pattern. | 0:15:42 | 0:15:48 | |
The chevrons show the sword is pattern-welded, | 0:15:51 | 0:15:56 | |
forged by a master swordsmith | 0:15:56 | 0:15:59 | |
whose skills were lost 900 years ago. Or were they? | 0:15:59 | 0:16:03 | |
'I went to Malmesbury to visit Hector Cole. | 0:16:07 | 0:16:11 | |
'Hector is an modern iron worker who will reconstruct our sword. | 0:16:11 | 0:16:16 | |
'He'll attempt it using traditional methods, | 0:16:16 | 0:16:20 | |
'something never done before. | 0:16:20 | 0:16:23 | |
'There's always a place for a swordsmith's apprentice.' | 0:16:27 | 0:16:31 | |
-< That was a nice gentle one. -Yes. It's hard work. -Yes. | 0:16:37 | 0:16:41 | |
A good striker's worth his weight in gold. | 0:16:41 | 0:16:45 | |
You can see by the way the metal's moving that it's quite plastic. | 0:16:45 | 0:16:51 | |
-I'm surprised it moved so much. -This is wrought iron. | 0:16:51 | 0:16:55 | |
You can't get anything better. | 0:16:55 | 0:16:58 | |
The sword has a very complex structure. | 0:17:00 | 0:17:03 | |
At its centre is a soft iron core. | 0:17:03 | 0:17:06 | |
Bars of twisted iron give it the distinctive chevron design. | 0:17:06 | 0:17:12 | |
And welded to the outside are cutting edges of carbon steel. | 0:17:12 | 0:17:18 | |
'When heated to a red glow, the bars that make the chevron pattern | 0:17:26 | 0:17:31 | |
'are twisted into a spiral.' | 0:17:31 | 0:17:34 | |
'Each bar contains 16 separate strips of iron.' | 0:17:42 | 0:17:47 | |
-How many bars will you make? -Six. | 0:17:47 | 0:17:50 | |
That is for both sides of the blade. | 0:17:50 | 0:17:53 | |
'Hector now fire-welds the bars together, | 0:17:56 | 0:18:00 | |
'three for each side, and hopes to flatten the pattern | 0:18:00 | 0:18:04 | |
'without distorting it. It's a highly skilled process.' | 0:18:04 | 0:18:08 | |
I just see the chevron pattern. | 0:18:11 | 0:18:13 | |
See them coming up? | 0:18:13 | 0:18:16 | |
'The final bits to be added to the sword | 0:18:22 | 0:18:26 | |
'are the carbon steel cutting edges | 0:18:26 | 0:18:29 | |
'Steel has to be extremely hot to weld, but if the fire is too hot, | 0:18:30 | 0:18:35 | |
'the steel burns away. | 0:18:35 | 0:18:37 | |
'The difference is a few degrees, | 0:18:37 | 0:18:40 | |
'but it takes years to gauge it by the colour and feel of the metal. | 0:18:40 | 0:18:46 | |
'This looks more like a sword, | 0:18:52 | 0:18:55 | |
'but the hammering has dulled the surface and the pattern has gone. | 0:18:55 | 0:19:01 | |
'Hector was surprised how much iron was lost. | 0:19:01 | 0:19:05 | |
'It took six kilos of iron to make a 1.5 kilo sword. | 0:19:05 | 0:19:09 | |
'After 334 separate heatings, | 0:19:11 | 0:19:14 | |
'the shape of the blade is ready.' | 0:19:14 | 0:19:17 | |
Has it turned out OK? | 0:19:17 | 0:19:20 | |
There are a few flaws, but I'd have been surprised to have none. They are, to me, acceptable. | 0:19:20 | 0:19:27 | |
We'll see when it's cleaned up. That's the test. | 0:19:27 | 0:19:32 | |
The work that went into making this sword is an amazing process. | 0:19:34 | 0:19:40 | |
It's no wonder there are legends about blacksmiths. | 0:19:40 | 0:19:44 | |
There are no less than 79 strips of metal in this one blade | 0:19:44 | 0:19:50 | |
and I can't wait to see it when it's polished. | 0:19:50 | 0:19:54 | |
'And now the moment of truth. | 0:19:56 | 0:19:59 | |
'Organic acid is used to reveal the pattern. It emerges as if by magic.' | 0:19:59 | 0:20:04 | |
You can see the hard cutting edges down there, coming along as well. | 0:20:04 | 0:20:09 | |
-As we come further, we start to get this pattern. -That came up quickly. | 0:20:10 | 0:20:16 | |
It's gorgeous. All sinuous and swirling. | 0:20:16 | 0:20:19 | |
-It's a lovely pattern. -You're pleased with it? | 0:20:19 | 0:20:23 | |
I'm very pleased with it. It's a beautiful pattern. | 0:20:23 | 0:20:28 | |
-Is it what you expected? -It is not what I expected. | 0:20:28 | 0:20:32 | |
We should have a chevron pattern, but who wouldn't want this one, | 0:20:32 | 0:20:38 | |
which is more beautiful? | 0:20:38 | 0:20:41 | |
The handle would have been made of white cow horn, | 0:20:42 | 0:20:47 | |
but because of a shortage due to BSE, we've had to use buffalo horn. | 0:20:47 | 0:20:52 | |
I think we're getting there. | 0:21:04 | 0:21:06 | |
What's it feel like? | 0:21:15 | 0:21:18 | |
-Cor, that's a... -It's a hefty blade. -It's a weighty blade. | 0:21:19 | 0:21:23 | |
If you bought that down on someone, the momentum behind it... | 0:21:23 | 0:21:29 | |
But holding it out like that. You'd have to have a strong sword arm. | 0:21:29 | 0:21:34 | |
It's fantastic, but I didn't expect this colour. | 0:21:35 | 0:21:39 | |
I thought it would be shinier. | 0:21:39 | 0:21:43 | |
It's debatable as to what colour they were finished. | 0:21:43 | 0:21:47 | |
I think they were finished like this, because this colour | 0:21:47 | 0:21:52 | |
brings out the pattern more, which is what they were looking for. | 0:21:52 | 0:21:57 | |
That's what made the sword what it was. | 0:21:57 | 0:22:00 | |
The horse's head is back in Bury St Edmunds. | 0:22:05 | 0:22:10 | |
I hope Terry O'Connor knows | 0:22:10 | 0:22:12 | |
how the horse was sacrificed. | 0:22:12 | 0:22:15 | |
It's great it's out of plaster. | 0:22:15 | 0:22:17 | |
Especially from this side, which was hidden at the museum. | 0:22:17 | 0:22:22 | |
-Now we can get a good look at this depressed fracture here. -So is that what killed the horse? | 0:22:22 | 0:22:29 | |
I doubt that would have been lethal. | 0:22:30 | 0:22:33 | |
Even though it's done damage, it's too far forward. | 0:22:33 | 0:22:37 | |
If you wanted to kill a horse with a blunt instrument, | 0:22:37 | 0:22:41 | |
you'd aim for the brain. | 0:22:41 | 0:22:44 | |
Most of that damage is to the air sinuses. It's caused a little brain damage. | 0:22:44 | 0:22:51 | |
In that case, how was it killed? | 0:22:51 | 0:22:54 | |
One of the things I've looked for is any sign of other violence, | 0:22:54 | 0:22:59 | |
because there are several examples of horse burials of this period, | 0:22:59 | 0:23:05 | |
some of which show an injury to the skull, but also show knife cuts | 0:23:05 | 0:23:11 | |
across the ventral surface. So those horses had their throats cut | 0:23:11 | 0:23:17 | |
with such force that the knife cut through tissue and nicked the bone. | 0:23:17 | 0:23:22 | |
-Have you found any marks on this? -No. | 0:23:22 | 0:23:26 | |
I looked carefully at the places along the neck | 0:23:27 | 0:23:32 | |
and in fact under the jaw for any trace of cuts, and there's none. | 0:23:32 | 0:23:37 | |
It doesn't mean this horse's throat wasn't cut, | 0:23:37 | 0:23:41 | |
but there was not enough force to touch the bone. | 0:23:41 | 0:23:45 | |
The probability has to be that something else was done to finish it off. | 0:23:45 | 0:23:52 | |
The most obvious thing is opening up an artery to kill the animal. | 0:23:52 | 0:23:57 | |
Nasty but effective. | 0:23:57 | 0:23:59 | |
Seeing the beauty of the bridle fittings, | 0:24:04 | 0:24:07 | |
decorated with gold and silver, | 0:24:07 | 0:24:10 | |
it's hard to believe they were buried for 1,400 years. | 0:24:10 | 0:24:15 | |
Saxon specialist Angela Care Evans | 0:24:33 | 0:24:36 | |
reveals how the decorative pieces were arranged. | 0:24:36 | 0:24:40 | |
We have one of these beautiful quatrefoil fittings. | 0:24:40 | 0:24:45 | |
It sits over the junction of the cheek strap and nose band. | 0:24:45 | 0:24:50 | |
-I thought there were four of these. -There are. There's one here. | 0:24:50 | 0:24:55 | |
There's another one up here and two on the other side. | 0:24:55 | 0:25:00 | |
Where do those go? | 0:25:00 | 0:25:03 | |
Well, this one actually fits | 0:25:03 | 0:25:06 | |
on a separate strap, loose. It dangles. It's a decorative dangler. | 0:25:06 | 0:25:11 | |
It hangs down the side of the horse's head. | 0:25:11 | 0:25:15 | |
It's got this extraordinary face, with what looks like ears | 0:25:15 | 0:25:20 | |
-or horns or something. -It looks like an owl to me. | 0:25:20 | 0:25:24 | |
I don't think it is. It has been suggested it is a long-eared owl. | 0:25:24 | 0:25:30 | |
It's... I think it is a face with some kind of decorative headgear on. | 0:25:30 | 0:25:36 | |
-Then we have this, again very beautiful... -Lovely. | 0:25:36 | 0:25:41 | |
..gilt bronze, with three panels. | 0:25:41 | 0:25:44 | |
At the centre, you can see the double cross, placed obliquely. | 0:25:44 | 0:25:50 | |
To either side, there are gilded fields with an animal on it. | 0:25:50 | 0:25:55 | |
-This simply sits in the middle. Just here. -Right... | 0:25:55 | 0:26:00 | |
And I mean, it seems to be just decorative. | 0:26:00 | 0:26:03 | |
On the horse's brow, | 0:26:03 | 0:26:06 | |
we have... | 0:26:06 | 0:26:09 | |
another...gilt bronze fitting, | 0:26:09 | 0:26:14 | |
exactly the same as the one on the cheek piece, | 0:26:14 | 0:26:18 | |
except it has these lugs, from which some pendant would've hung. | 0:26:18 | 0:26:23 | |
-That's the one with the dent in it. -This is the bent one. | 0:26:23 | 0:26:27 | |
If you look very closely, you can see what looks like a glancing blow. | 0:26:27 | 0:26:33 | |
It looks like it caught the full blow when the horse was stunned. | 0:26:33 | 0:26:39 | |
Then it's possible that the pendant fitting flew off, but um... | 0:26:39 | 0:26:44 | |
we're not sure about that yet. | 0:26:44 | 0:26:47 | |
I wanted to show Jane's paintings to Jo Carruth, | 0:26:47 | 0:26:51 | |
one of the first archaeologists to see the find. | 0:26:51 | 0:26:56 | |
Oh. That's him, is it? | 0:26:56 | 0:26:59 | |
-Yes. -He's handsome, isn't he? | 0:26:59 | 0:27:02 | |
He's got a square, solid face, hasn't he? | 0:27:02 | 0:27:05 | |
-His skull was chunky, masculine. -He looks like a nice person. | 0:27:05 | 0:27:10 | |
Yeah. Very confident and strong. | 0:27:10 | 0:27:14 | |
So that's the warrior. | 0:27:14 | 0:27:16 | |
That's the portrait. | 0:27:16 | 0:27:19 | |
But then of course, we've got here... | 0:27:19 | 0:27:23 | |
This is him and the harness. | 0:27:23 | 0:27:26 | |
-The harness is fantastic. -We've got the whole lot. | 0:27:26 | 0:27:30 | |
Is this how you imagined them? | 0:27:30 | 0:27:33 | |
Although you think, looking at skeletons | 0:27:33 | 0:27:37 | |
that you can see them as human beings, | 0:27:37 | 0:27:40 | |
it's only when you see this, you realise how hard it is to imagine it, | 0:27:40 | 0:27:45 | |
when you see it in the ground. | 0:27:45 | 0:27:48 | |
This has really brought it to life. | 0:27:48 | 0:27:51 | |
I feel I can give what we saw in the ground some form. I thought I'd DONE that. | 0:27:51 | 0:27:58 | |
Seeing this, I realise I hadn't seen him. | 0:27:58 | 0:28:02 | |
1,400 years ago, this man was the ultimate warrior. | 0:28:02 | 0:28:06 | |
It was a time when your position in society was earned. | 0:28:06 | 0:28:11 | |
He was buried with symbols of that power - | 0:28:11 | 0:28:15 | |
his shield, spear, sword and his horse, sacrificed to lie beside its master. | 0:28:15 | 0:28:21 | |
He wasn't just a warrior. He lay surrounded by graves of children. | 0:28:21 | 0:28:27 | |
He'd been their guardian and leader in life | 0:28:27 | 0:28:31 | |
and he led them into the next world. | 0:28:31 | 0:28:34 | |
Subtitles by BBC Subtitling - 1999 | 0:28:54 | 0:28:57 |