Pennod 15 ‹ 100 Lle

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-In this programme, -an engaging museum in Presteigne...	0:00:21	0:00:25
-..an intricate rood screen -in Llananno...	0:00:26	0:00:29
-..neo-Gothic splendour in Trefeca...	0:00:30	0:00:33
-..and The Pales as seen -through Marian Delyth's lens.	0:00:33	0:00:37
-But we begin near Llangorse, -in the shadow of the Brecon Beacons.	0:00:38	0:00:42
-This place epitomizes the spirit...	0:00:47	0:00:50
-..of the book Wales: 100 Places -To See Before You Die.	0:00:51	0:00:54
-We're on Llangorse Lake, of course.	0:01:00	0:01:03
-This is Wales's only crannog, -inspired by the Irish tradition.	0:01:03	0:01:08
-A crannog is an artificial island -in shallow water...	0:01:09	0:01:12
-..made up of brush, -stone or timber mounds.	0:01:12	0:01:16
-The islets were minor fortifications -surrounded by water.	0:01:16	0:01:20
-Gerald of Wales -mentions the lake teeming with fish.	0:01:20	0:01:26
-There are swans here too.	0:01:26	0:01:28
-A contemporary of Dafydd ap Gwilym's -dedicated a cywydd to them.	0:01:28	0:01:32
-"Llangorse Lake -has them in its possession."	0:01:32	0:01:35
-Be careful of that swan. -You're about to whack him or her.	0:01:35	0:01:39
-Does that reconstruction resemble -the crannog's original structure?	0:01:45	0:01:50
-Yes, apparently so.	0:01:50	0:01:52
-It was built in 2004...	0:01:53	0:01:55
-..as an example of the buildings -that would have been on the crannog.	0:01:56	0:02:01
-The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle -from AD 916...	0:02:10	0:02:14
-..records that Ethelfleda...	0:02:14	0:02:16
-..the daughter -of Alfred the Great...	0:02:17	0:02:19
-..brought an army here -to capture the king and queen...	0:02:20	0:02:23
-..from this very crannog.	0:02:24	0:02:26
-Brycheiniog was left reeling.	0:02:27	0:02:29
-The fact that this area -is part of Deheubarth...	0:02:29	0:02:32
-..is outlined in the memoirs -of Gerald of Wales.	0:02:33	0:02:36
-The birds of Llangorse Lake...	0:02:36	0:02:39
-..were summoned -to serenade the Earl of Hereford.	0:02:39	0:02:43
-But they wouldn't sing for him, -only to the heir of Deheubarth.	0:02:43	0:02:48
-The fact the birds -haven't sung for you today...	0:02:48	0:02:51
-..reflects your ignobility!	0:02:52	0:02:54
-What was the purpose -of this collection of buildings?	0:03:10	0:03:15
-Was it for religious instruction?	0:03:15	0:03:18
-They are remarkable, -built on the banks of the lake.	0:03:18	0:03:21
-Llangasty Tal-y-llyn...	0:03:22	0:03:24
-..is the creation -of Robert Raikes from Hull.	0:03:25	0:03:28
-While at university in Oxford...	0:03:28	0:03:30
-..he was influenced -by the Tractarian Movement.	0:03:31	0:03:35
-Above all else, -he wanted cohesion...	0:03:35	0:03:38
-..between the act of worship -and the process of studying.	0:03:38	0:03:42
-So he erected this church -and the schoolhouse next door.	0:03:42	0:03:48
-We're in front of the altar...	0:04:07	0:04:09
-..at St Gastyn's church.	0:04:09	0:04:12
-It's a very noble building -and far from ostentatious.	0:04:12	0:04:17
-It's simple yet bold in colour.	0:04:18	0:04:20
-Most churches in the vicinity...	0:04:20	0:04:23
-..are rather drab in comparison.	0:04:23	0:04:26
-It's a classic example -of the neo-Gothic.	0:04:26	0:04:29
-Its appearance is indicative...	0:04:29	0:04:32
-..of 14th-century parish churches, -when Catholicism reigned supreme.	0:04:32	0:04:38
-It's not highbrow, -but it is pretty and peaceful.	0:04:40	0:04:46
-It's a symbol -of Robert Raikes's desire...	0:04:46	0:04:49
-..to introduce a thing of beauty -and holiness to these parts.	0:04:50	0:04:54
-We're in Llansantffraed graveyard -in the Usk Valley.	0:05:15	0:05:19
-It's one of my favourite places, -partly because my wife is from here.	0:05:19	0:05:25
-One of her ancestors is buried here.	0:05:25	0:05:27
-I'm here to see the grave -of my great-great-great-great...	0:05:28	0:05:32
-..great-great-great-great- -grandfather-in-law!	0:05:32	0:05:36
-Here it is.	0:05:36	0:05:38
-Henricus Vaughan, the Silurist.	0:05:38	0:05:41
-He had a low opinion of himself.	0:05:41	0:05:44
-"Servus inutilis"	0:05:44	0:05:47
-That means an idle servant.	0:05:47	0:05:49
-"Peccator maximus"	0:05:50	0:05:52
-The biggest sinner -lies buried here.	0:05:52	0:05:55
-Glory. Forgiveness.	0:05:55	0:05:58
-That's a nice epitaph.	0:05:58	0:06:00
-Yes, it is.	0:06:01	0:06:02
-He was one of the best poets -of the 17th century.	0:06:02	0:06:06
-He spoke Welsh -but preferred to write in English.	0:06:06	0:06:10
-He was related -to the Vaughan family of Mercia.	0:06:10	0:06:13
-I'm privileged to be related to him -through marriage.	0:06:13	0:06:17
-Presteigne is built -on a tongue of land...	0:06:28	0:06:31
-..that protrudes into England -to the east of Offa's Dyke.	0:06:31	0:06:37
-The town was reclaimed -by Gruffudd ap Llywelyn.	0:06:37	0:06:40
-It's nice to wander the streets -of this prestigious town.	0:06:47	0:06:51
-"The last post office in Wales."	0:07:03	0:07:05
-"The first post office in Wales."	0:07:07	0:07:10
-Hm!	0:07:10	0:07:12
-The courthouse -and Judge's Lodging...	0:07:14	0:07:16
-..is Presteigne's -most noble building.	0:07:17	0:07:20
-But it's also a temple -to the power of the law.	0:07:20	0:07:23
-This building was erected -in the centre of Presteigne in 1830.	0:07:32	0:07:37
-It was a kind of one-stop shop.	0:07:37	0:07:39
-There was a courtroom here...	0:07:39	0:07:41
-..prison cells beneath the court...	0:07:43	0:07:46
-..and a residence for the judge -while he was in town.	0:07:47	0:07:51
-It's what makes this museum -so appealing.	0:07:51	0:07:54
-It captures every aspect.	0:07:54	0:07:56
-The success of this museum...	0:08:34	0:08:37
-..is partly to do with the fact -that you can touch everything.	0:08:38	0:08:42
-I can open this cabinet -and read the documents and books.	0:08:42	0:08:46
-There are plenty to choose from.	0:08:47	0:08:49
-Isn't that good?	0:08:50	0:08:51
-This is the judge's sitting room.	0:08:52	0:08:55
-This is where he'd come to relax...	0:08:55	0:08:58
-..play the piano or peruse -the plentiful reading matter.	0:08:58	0:09:02
-He'd take his afternoon tea here.	0:09:02	0:09:04
-He would have probably worn -white gloves back then.	0:09:05	0:09:08
-Presteigne cemetery -has a strange memorial...	0:09:29	0:09:32
-..to one of life's injustices.	0:09:32	0:09:35
-Mary Morgan was executed -for killing her own baby.	0:09:36	0:09:39
-"Rous'd to a first sense of guilt -and remorse...	0:09:39	0:09:43
-"..by the eloquent -and humane exertions...	0:09:43	0:09:46
-"..of her benevolent Judge, -Mr Justice Hardinge...	0:09:46	0:09:50
-"..she underwent the Sentence of -the Law with unfeigned repentance...	0:09:51	0:09:55
-"..and a furvent hope of forgiveness -from a redeeming intercessor."	0:09:55	0:09:59
-She may have been -brought to justice...	0:10:00	0:10:02
-..but the locals felt -that justice had failed her.	0:10:03	0:10:07
-They laid this headstone -at her feet.	0:10:07	0:10:10
-She was only 17 years old.	0:10:14	0:10:16
-"He that is without sin among you...	0:10:16	0:10:18
-"..let him first -cast a stone at her."	0:10:19	0:10:21
-This is a reference -to Mr Justice Hardinge.	0:10:22	0:10:25
-It's remarkable to think -that even in 1805...	0:10:25	0:10:28
-..local people -felt strongly enough...	0:10:28	0:10:31
-..about the injustice -of her situation...	0:10:31	0:10:34
-..that they laid this stone.	0:10:34	0:10:36
-.	0:10:48	0:10:49
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-I believe we're here to discuss -The Pales, as it's called.	0:11:03	0:11:07
-Yes, but I've always -pronounced it 'palais'.	0:11:07	0:11:12
-John explains that its name -derives from palisade...	0:11:12	0:11:18
-..referring to what was built -around the meeting house.	0:11:21	0:11:25
-Like many Quaker meeting places, -it's in a remote location.	0:11:25	0:11:30
-You get the impression they were -looking for a quiet retreat...	0:11:30	0:11:35
-..at the far end of the valley.	0:11:35	0:11:39
-You become instantly aware -of the solitude.	0:11:39	0:11:43
-There's a tranquillity about it.	0:11:43	0:11:46
-Regardless of a person's faith -or lack of it...	0:11:46	0:11:51
-..you can't help but feel moved...	0:11:53	0:11:56
-..by the peaceful nature -of the place.	0:11:56	0:11:59
-How do you capture that tranquillity -in a photograph?	0:12:08	0:12:13
-I was captivated -by the place itself.	0:12:13	0:12:16
-I wouldn't say I was entranced...	0:12:16	0:12:18
-..but I certainly felt -in a heightened state.	0:12:19	0:12:22
-I simply sat in the tranquillity.	0:12:22	0:12:24
-I was conscious -of the Quakers' philosophy.	0:12:27	0:12:32
-It was presented to us...	0:12:32	0:12:34
-..in Waldo's literature.	0:12:37	0:12:39
-A copy of Paham Yr Wyf Yn Grynwr -(Why I Am A Quaker)...	0:12:39	0:12:43
-..can be found in the meeting house.	0:12:43	0:12:46
-Marion Eames's novel, Y Stafell -Ddirgel, also springs to mind...	0:12:48	0:12:53
-..as does -the television adaptation of it...	0:12:53	0:12:57
-..which introduced -the Quakers' philosophy...	0:12:57	0:13:00
-..and their history in that area, -to a wider audience.	0:13:00	0:13:06
-I was also struck by minor details -such as the collection box.	0:13:12	0:13:17
-It was just a small item -in a corner...	0:13:18	0:13:21
-..but I decided to feature -the photograph in the book.	0:13:21	0:13:25
-I also thought about -the Quakers' central philosophy...	0:13:27	0:13:33
-..of the inner light.	0:13:33	0:13:35
-I used daylight -and the effect of that light...	0:13:37	0:13:41
-..to create an atmosphere -in the photographs.	0:13:41	0:13:45
-I wanted people to be drawn there...	0:13:46	0:13:49
-..so that they too could experience -that peace and tranquillity.	0:13:49	0:13:54
-Llananno church is between -Llandrindod Wells and Newtown.	0:14:13	0:14:17
-It's barely visible from the road.	0:14:17	0:14:20
-But behind -this unremarkable facade...	0:14:20	0:14:23
-..is one of Wales's -most beautiful treasures.	0:14:23	0:14:27
-Glanmor Williams compares -Llananno's rood screen...	0:15:05	0:15:10
-..with the world's -most precious jewellery.	0:15:10	0:15:14
-It's as impressive as any -of Dafydd ap Gwilym's cywyddau.	0:15:14	0:15:18
-Although the woodcarvers' names -are unknown...	0:15:18	0:15:22
-..we know that they came from -a school of carvers in Newtown.	0:15:22	0:15:26
-The style is reminiscent -of Celtic woodcraft.	0:15:26	0:15:29
-The looped design -runs from one end to the other.	0:15:30	0:15:34
-If we look closely -at the carvings...	0:15:35	0:15:38
-..Jesus Christ, the apostles, -the disciples and the prophets...	0:15:39	0:15:44
-..are in keeping with the style -of the 19th century...	0:15:44	0:15:48
-..when the church was restored -around this screen.	0:15:48	0:15:52
-Holding up the parapet...	0:15:52	0:15:54
-..is an example -of 15th or 16th century carving.	0:15:54	0:15:59
-It's of an amphisbaena.	0:15:59	0:16:01
-That's a mythical -two-headed serpent.	0:16:01	0:16:05
-It's eating its way -through the vine...	0:16:05	0:16:08
-..the symbol of God and Christ.	0:16:09	0:16:11
-The vine runs all the way -to the other side...	0:16:12	0:16:15
-..where there is -a second amphisbaena.	0:16:15	0:16:18
-It represents Satan, -eating his way...	0:16:18	0:16:21
-..through the sacred vine.	0:16:22	0:16:24
-While I was standing outside, I said -that the church was unremarkable...	0:16:25	0:16:30
-..but what I meant was ordinary.	0:16:30	0:16:32
-It's the interior -that is unremarkable.	0:16:32	0:16:35
-That is its charm.	0:16:35	0:16:37
-It doesn't try to compete -with this incredible screen.	0:16:38	0:16:41
-It almost complements it.	0:16:42	0:16:44
-One of the most prominent British -poets wrote a poem about Llananno.	0:16:48	0:16:53
-"So delicately -does the light enter my soul...	0:16:55	0:16:58
-"..from the serene presence -that waits for me till I come next."	0:16:58	0:17:02
-None other than RS Thomas.	0:17:02	0:17:05
-It wasn't unusual -to have to wait hours in Talgarth...	0:17:21	0:17:25
-..for an enormous lorry -to turn the corner, or not.	0:17:25	0:17:29
-The arrival of a new bypass...	0:17:30	0:17:33
-..has restored peace -to this 14th-century tower house...	0:17:33	0:17:38
-..and St Gwendoline's Church, -of course.	0:17:41	0:17:44
-Apart from St David's, -I can't think of another place...	0:17:45	0:17:49
-..from which so much influence -has stemmed....	0:17:50	0:17:53
-..in terms of the history -of religion in Wales.	0:17:54	0:17:57
-This is the birthplace -of Calvinistic Methodism.	0:17:58	0:18:01
-What kind of country -would Wales be without it?	0:18:02	0:18:05
-A very happy one, I'd imagine.	0:18:05	0:18:07
-"You have botched our flesh," -wrote RS Thomas.	0:18:08	0:18:12
-It's here that Howell Harris -had his religious conversion.	0:18:12	0:18:17
-So the story has it.	0:18:17	0:18:19
-The vicar, Pryce Davies, -was preaching.	0:18:20	0:18:24
-It would have been -Howell Harris's parish church.	0:18:25	0:18:28
-He would have had -his conversion inside.	0:18:28	0:18:31
-He hadn't been ordained, so he -couldn't preach in the churches.	0:18:31	0:18:36
-However, he was allowed to preach -in the open air.	0:18:36	0:18:40
-It was in this graveyard in 1737...	0:18:40	0:18:43
-..during a sermon -by Howell Harris...	0:18:43	0:18:46
-..that William Williams Pantycelyn -was converted.	0:18:46	0:18:50
-It was here that Harris -and Williams's renown began.	0:18:50	0:18:54
-"Near the altar -lie the remains of Howell Harris.	0:18:59	0:19:02
-"Having tasted grace, -he resolved to declare to others...	0:19:02	0:19:06
-"..what God had done for his soul.	0:19:07	0:19:09
-"He was the first -itinerant preacher of redemption...	0:19:10	0:19:13
-"..in this period of revival -in England and Wales.	0:19:13	0:19:16
-"An indefatigable servant of God...	0:19:17	0:19:19
-"..and faithful member -of the Church of England."	0:19:19	0:19:23
-It's entirely in English, -apart from the ending.	0:19:23	0:19:26
-"They that be wise shall shine as -the brightness of the firmament...	0:19:27	0:19:31
-"..and they that turn many -to righteousness...	0:19:31	0:19:35
-"..as the stars for ever and ever."	0:19:35	0:19:38
-"Why did you spend all your days -creating a large monastery...	0:19:44	0:19:48
-"..when King Henry -pulled more than a thousand down?"	0:19:49	0:19:53
-That was William Williams -Pantycelyn's view of Trefeca...	0:19:54	0:19:57
-..the home of Howell Harris.	0:19:57	0:20:00
-It's now a lay training centre.	0:20:00	0:20:02
-By 1752, he had established -some kind of monastery...	0:20:04	0:20:09
-..or spiritual commune -which he referred to as The Family.	0:20:09	0:20:13
-Families lived -under a strict regime.	0:20:13	0:20:16
-Inscribed above the middle door...	0:20:18	0:20:22
-..is the Methodist Revival's motto.	0:20:22	0:20:26
-"The beginning of wisdom -is the fear of the Lord."	0:20:30	0:20:33
-The neo-Gothic period is considered -to have begun in 1750...	0:20:36	0:20:42
-..when Horace Walpole -built Strawberry Hill.	0:20:42	0:20:46
-Two years later, neo-Gothicism -reached rural Brecknockshire.	0:20:46	0:20:51
-We mustn't think of Howell Harris -as a parochial fellow.	0:20:51	0:20:55
-He was constantly -back and forth to London.	0:20:56	0:20:58
-He corresponded regularly.	0:20:59	0:21:01
-He knew prominent figures.	0:21:01	0:21:03
-Howell Harris's belongings are kept -in a museum within the building.	0:21:05	0:21:09
-Between his conversion in 1735 -and beginning The Family in 1752...	0:21:12	0:21:18
-..he spent the entire time -on preaching missions.	0:21:18	0:21:22
-He drew a map of his journey.	0:21:22	0:21:24
-Here in the centre -is his home in Trefeca.	0:21:25	0:21:29
-In the north, -he visited Caernarfon and Bangor.	0:21:29	0:21:33
-He went to Llangeitho and Tregaron -in the west...	0:21:34	0:21:37
-In the east was London, -with Swansea and Neath in the south.	0:21:38	0:21:43
-He travelled on horseback.	0:21:43	0:21:46
-He would have been away -for months on end.	0:21:46	0:21:50
-I don't want to labour the point...	0:21:50	0:21:53
-..but although this map -is written in English...	0:21:53	0:21:56
-..he would have preached in Welsh.	0:21:56	0:21:59
-He could have preached in Welsh...	0:22:00	0:22:02
-..but I doubt it would have been -his first language.	0:22:02	0:22:06
-Let's not let our thoughts -on the language's prominence...	0:22:06	0:22:10
-..cloud 18th-century minds.	0:22:10	0:22:12
-All they were interested in -was saving souls!	0:22:13	0:22:16
-There's a quote in his diary.	0:22:16	0:22:18
-"Last night, -I had a temptation to laugh.	0:22:19	0:22:22
-"I resisted it, of course."	0:22:23	0:22:25
-People across the oceans...	0:22:28	0:22:31
-..had heard about his fondness -for his home in Trefeca.	0:22:32	0:22:35
-In Nashville, Tennessee...	0:22:36	0:22:38
-..there's an institute called -the Trevecca Nazarene University.	0:22:39	0:22:44
-They've heard about Trefeca -even in Tennessee!	0:22:44	0:22:48
-S4C Subtitles by Eirlys A Jones	0:23:10	0:23:12

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