Nadolig ‹ Byd o Liw

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-The birth of Jesus Christ and -the events surrounding his birth...	0:00:23	0:00:27
-..have been the inspiration -for some splendid images.	0:00:27	0:00:31
-These images have become popular -on the covers of Christmas cards.	0:00:48	0:00:53
-The story of Jesus' birth -has inspired artists for centuries.	0:00:59	0:01:03
-We will see some of the classic -paintings from the past...	0:01:04	0:01:10
-..to help us understand -the story of Christmas.	0:01:10	0:01:14
-We will also see -four contemporary artists...	0:01:15	0:01:18
-..creating new artistic works -to celebrate Christmas.	0:01:19	0:01:23
-Today, Christmas is a combination -of childhood excitement...	0:01:34	0:01:38
-..fantasy and mythology.	0:01:39	0:01:40
-We will see how Christmas has -changed visually over the centuries.	0:01:41	0:01:46
-And how pagan elements are part -of our contemporary celebrations.	0:01:48	0:01:53
-In the bleakness of winter...	0:01:59	0:02:02
-..our forefathers celebrated -the dawning of a new year.	0:02:02	0:02:05
-The word 'Nadolig' -has a direct connection...	0:02:05	0:02:09
-..with pagan festivals -from a time before Jesus' birth.	0:02:09	0:02:13
-However, our story starts here.	0:02:20	0:02:23
-It's night time. A flock of sheep -huddle on a hillside.	0:02:24	0:02:30
-Imagine the shepherds -keeping warm around the fire.	0:02:30	0:02:34
-They are about to play their part -in an important drama.	0:02:34	0:02:38
-The adoration of the shepherds...	0:02:40	0:02:42
-..conveys a direct -and heart-warming message.	0:02:43	0:02:46
-The visual image -of the poor shepherds...	0:02:46	0:02:49
-..tells us that the Lord -has joined us on earth...	0:02:49	0:02:53
-..in the form of a little baby.	0:02:53	0:02:56
-This less familiar painting is kept -at St Mary's Church in Cardiff Bay.	0:02:56	0:03:02
-In the National Gallery in London...	0:03:03	0:03:05
-..there's a very special painting of -Jesus' birth. This is my favourite.	0:03:06	0:03:11
-The artist shows two things. -It's like a split screen.	0:03:15	0:03:19
-In the background, the shepherds -are on the hillside with the sheep.	0:03:19	0:03:24
-Gabriel announces to them -that Christ is born in a stable.	0:03:24	0:03:27
-Jesus lies in the manger -in the stable.	0:03:28	0:03:33
-He is lit up by a brilliant light.	0:03:33	0:03:36
-The light from the shepherds' fire -is very low.	0:03:36	0:03:39
-This is human light.	0:03:40	0:03:42
-The artist concentrates -on the manger and Jesus.	0:03:42	0:03:47
-Jesus is portrayed -as very precious...	0:03:47	0:03:51
-..irradiated with hope.	0:03:51	0:03:54
-Our first artist -is from a farming background.	0:03:57	0:04:02
-She has chosen these hill shepherds -with their flock...	0:04:02	0:04:06
-..as part of the inspiration -for her painting.	0:04:07	0:04:10
-This is an amazing scene.	0:04:21	0:04:23
-It's a very familiar scene for you.	0:04:23	0:04:25
-What is the significance -of this scene and this location?	0:04:25	0:04:29
-The sheep, the farmer and -the shepherd are very familiar...	0:04:29	0:04:34
-..because of my farming background.	0:04:34	0:04:36
-In this location, you can imagine -the angel appearing...	0:04:37	0:04:40
-..to spread the good news about -the birth. The light is fantastic.	0:04:40	0:04:45
-It's great coming back here -to sketch the sheep.	0:04:45	0:04:48
-They're moving all the time -and that's a challenge.	0:04:48	0:04:51
-You're also using ink. -It's a different and lively medium.	0:04:52	0:04:56
-You can't be precise. It's an -expression more than a feeling.	0:04:56	0:05:01
-It's the spirit -of all the movement around you.	0:05:01	0:05:04
-I'll be using these as a reminder -back in the workshop.	0:05:04	0:05:09
-Catrin visits a variety -of locations.	0:05:14	0:05:19
-She aims to include many elements -of the story in her work.	0:05:20	0:05:25
-She's visiting the Church -of St Beuno in Pistyll...	0:05:25	0:05:30
-..an old Celtic site on the -Pilgrims' path to Bardsey Island.	0:05:31	0:05:35
-At special times -such as Christmas...	0:05:38	0:05:42
-..the church is full of wild herbs -that are used to heal illnesses.	0:05:42	0:05:47
-Catrin collects all sorts -of information.	0:06:03	0:06:06
-She works at speed to capture -the atmosphere of this holy place.	0:06:06	0:06:10
-Reflection is very important.	0:06:20	0:06:23
-What's special about this site?	0:06:37	0:06:39
-The atmosphere is excellent. -The light is special.	0:06:40	0:06:43
-The light that shines -through the window is incredible.	0:06:43	0:06:48
-The stonework and the darkness -and the contrast...	0:06:49	0:06:52
-..between the atmosphere -and the ancient stonework.	0:06:52	0:06:57
-This reminds me of -the tree with candles.	0:06:57	0:07:01
-I have to use different mediums.	0:07:02	0:07:05
-I like to build the work. I start -with pencils and pastel colours.	0:07:06	0:07:10
-I build and strengthen the image. -I'm not scared of changing things.	0:07:11	0:07:15
-It's a pity we can't recreate -the aromas.	0:07:15	0:07:18
-The aromas are wonderful - -lavender, Christmas aromas...	0:07:18	0:07:22
-..and burning candles.	0:07:22	0:07:24
-What part of the Christmas tale -inspires you?	0:07:25	0:07:27
-I've just completed -a series of paintings...	0:07:27	0:07:30
-..based on -'Canys Bachgen a Aned i Ni'...	0:07:30	0:07:33
-..an arrangement we sang -in a cerdd dant choir.	0:07:33	0:07:36
-It's a natural progression to -use the qualities of carol singing.	0:07:36	0:07:40
-# On a cold starry night	0:07:40	0:07:45
-# A winged angel appeared	0:07:45	0:07:50
-# To sing a song of splendid praise	0:07:50	0:07:56
-# Not in a splendid golden parlour	0:07:56	0:08:02
-# Or a grand majestic castle	0:08:02	0:08:07
-# Or a comfortable feathered bed	0:08:07	0:08:12
-# Was he born #	0:08:13	0:08:16
-Our second artist lives in Deganwy.	0:08:17	0:08:19
-He is Cefyn Burgess. He is -well known in Wales and beyond.	0:08:20	0:08:24
-He creates wonderful textiles.	0:08:24	0:08:27
-His work involves traditional -materials from the home...	0:08:27	0:08:31
-..including winnowing-sheets -and shawls.	0:08:31	0:08:34
-Cefyn uses a special sewing machine -to recreate flowers on the material.	0:08:34	0:08:40
-I'm amazed by his mastery -of this machine.	0:08:40	0:08:44
-I wanted to know which part -of the Christmas story inspired him.	0:08:53	0:08:58
-In this story of Christ's birth...	0:08:58	0:09:02
-..there's a short piece about Mary -wrapping Jesus in swaddling clothes.	0:09:02	0:09:07
-She had some swaddling clothes -with her at the time...	0:09:07	0:09:12
-..something that was made of cotton.	0:09:12	0:09:16
-It was a pure, white material.	0:09:17	0:09:20
-The idea is wrapping a baby -as a special gift.	0:09:20	0:09:25
-I'm using a dishcloth here.	0:09:25	0:09:27
-The idea behind this was to find -different pieces of cloth...	0:09:27	0:09:32
-..and sew them together.	0:09:32	0:09:34
-It recreates the Welsh idea of -the shawl wrapped around a child...	0:09:35	0:09:39
-..and the tradition of holding -a baby tightly against your body.	0:09:40	0:09:44
-You're combining a Welsh tradition -with the story of Jesus' birth.	0:09:44	0:09:49
-What about the flowers?	0:09:49	0:09:51
-I've been looking at wild flowers.	0:09:51	0:09:55
-Some of them are flowers -I've picked from the hedges outside.	0:09:55	0:10:00
-Some of them have names -that have references to Mary.	0:10:00	0:10:04
-The flowers I'm sewing right now, -the small roses...	0:10:05	0:10:08
-..they were the flowers -at my mother's funeral...	0:10:09	0:10:12
-..about 15 months ago.	0:10:13	0:10:15
-The idea of using them now - -in the same way someone is born...	0:10:15	0:10:19
-..with the physical separation -from the mother...	0:10:19	0:10:23
-..there's also another side.	0:10:23	0:10:26
-There are two physical separations -from the mother.	0:10:27	0:10:30
-The second is when the mother -loses a son - Mary and Jesus...	0:10:30	0:10:33
-..or in my case, I lost my mother.	0:10:33	0:10:36
-I'm sewing these pieces -onto a softer material...	0:10:41	0:10:44
-..than the white cloth. -I've embroidered the flowers.	0:10:44	0:10:49
-I cut them out -and place them on here.	0:10:49	0:10:54
-It's like adding an extra layer -of cotton.	0:10:54	0:10:57
-What's starting to happen now is -that it's developing its own nature.	0:10:58	0:11:03
-Catrin has found -a traditional stable.	0:11:12	0:11:15
-It's the perfect place -for drawing the Nativity scene.	0:11:15	0:11:20
-The cow is a very patient model!	0:11:24	0:11:28
-Of course, in the original story, -there's no mention of animals.	0:11:37	0:11:41
-Artists introduced the idea -of animals in the stable...	0:11:41	0:11:45
-..as a symbol of the warmth -needed for life.	0:11:45	0:11:49
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-Catrin Davies from Llandeilo -works with coloured glass.	0:12:00	0:12:04
-Paint is her first love.	0:12:05	0:12:07
-She was inspired to work -with glass...	0:12:07	0:12:11
-..after visiting -Chartres Cathedral in France.	0:12:11	0:12:15
-Catrin is on her way to Swansea -to see a friend...	0:12:21	0:12:25
-..who promises to be the perfect -model for her work.	0:12:26	0:12:29
-Jude and her baby son Solomon is -the inspiration for her portrayal...	0:12:32	0:12:37
-..of Mary and the baby Jesus.	0:12:38	0:12:40
-The digital photographs -are the first step...	0:12:42	0:12:45
-..in a long -creative and technical process.	0:12:45	0:12:48
-These drawings -are the basis of her work...	0:12:55	0:12:58
-..but the scriptures will also play -an important part in her plans.	0:12:59	0:13:03
-Catrin chooses a verse from Matthew -for the fringes of her design.	0:13:06	0:13:12
-Catrin develops her design -by adding coloured paint.	0:13:24	0:13:29
-There is a special name -to this part of the process.	0:13:29	0:13:33
-This is a cartoon.	0:13:36	0:13:39
-This shows you all the information -about the panel...	0:13:39	0:13:43
-..as it should look -when it's finished.	0:13:43	0:13:47
-It shows the glass, -the colour of the glass...	0:13:47	0:13:50
-..the lead lines -and all the detail on the glass.	0:13:51	0:13:55
-I asked her about the message -she hoped to convey in her work.	0:13:57	0:14:01
-I just wanted to show the intimacy.	0:14:02	0:14:04
-She's reacting to Solomon.	0:14:06	0:14:09
-He's very natural.	0:14:09	0:14:11
-They're one unit together.	0:14:14	0:14:17
-Are you aware of an -ancient tradition when you work?	0:14:18	0:14:22
-It's such an ancient tradition.	0:14:23	0:14:26
-You can't avoid links -with what's happened in the past.	0:14:27	0:14:34
-Welsh churches lost a huge number -of stained glass windows...	0:14:37	0:14:41
-..when Protestantism -was introduced to Wales.	0:14:42	0:14:45
-Catholic images were regarded -as idolatry.	0:14:45	0:14:49
-As a result, many were destroyed.	0:14:50	0:14:52
-Many windows were destroyed and the -windows that remain are priceless.	0:14:53	0:14:58
-One of them is at Llanrhaeadr -yng Nghinmeirch, near Ruthin.	0:14:58	0:15:05
-This famous window -shows the family tree of Jesus...	0:15:05	0:15:08
-..with Mary and Jesus at the top - -the Jesse window.	0:15:09	0:15:12
-This is the most famous window -of the Middle Ages in Wales.	0:15:12	0:15:17
-The layout shows the importance -of Mary and Jesus.	0:15:18	0:15:21
-They are glorified by the -shining light that surrounds them.	0:15:22	0:15:27
-The window is still intact today...	0:15:28	0:15:31
-..thanks to a group -of brave people...	0:15:31	0:15:34
-..who made sure it was kept safe -500 years ago.	0:15:34	0:15:37
-The window was dismantled and buried -in a forest inside this chest.	0:15:37	0:15:42
-Not every treasure is on show.	0:15:45	0:15:48
-It looks rather ordinary -on the outside.	0:15:49	0:15:51
-There's something -very special inside.	0:15:52	0:15:54
-This is another chapter -in the story of Jesus' birth.	0:15:58	0:16:01
-Matthew's Gospel describes -the adoration of the kings.	0:16:01	0:16:06
-Here, as St Samson Church -in Cardiff...	0:16:06	0:16:09
-..the three kings -in this plaster statue...	0:16:09	0:16:12
-..would be familiar -to churchgoers...	0:16:13	0:16:15
-..because the artist used the -priest and congregation as models.	0:16:16	0:16:20
-In this picture by Brueghel -the Elder, the artist shows...	0:16:20	0:16:25
-..the hustle and bustle of life -during the Protestant Reformation.	0:16:25	0:16:30
-The soldiers seem to be trying -to control the unruly situation.	0:16:30	0:16:35
-The church on the hill -is far removed from the events...	0:16:38	0:16:43
-..in the foreground...	0:16:43	0:16:45
-..the arrival of a new message.	0:16:45	0:16:48
-When you first see the painting...	0:16:55	0:16:57
-..it looks far removed -from Bethlehem...	0:16:57	0:16:59
-..at the time of Christ's birth.	0:17:00	0:17:02
-When you look at the detail -in the painting...	0:17:02	0:17:06
-..you see important elements -which add to the atmosphere.	0:17:06	0:17:09
-There's a magpie in the tree.	0:17:10	0:17:12
-It's a bad omen for the future.	0:17:12	0:17:15
-The stable is falling apart - -just like the old order fell apart.	0:17:18	0:17:22
-The birth of Christ is an indication -to the world of renewed hope.	0:17:23	0:17:29
-Brueghel shows the ordinary world, -the everyday world.	0:17:31	0:17:34
-Right in the middle -of the ordinary world...	0:17:35	0:17:38
-..an extraordinary event happens.	0:17:38	0:17:41
-100 years later, the Catholics -were persecuted by the Puritans.	0:17:42	0:17:48
-It was a dangerous time.	0:17:48	0:17:50
-Thomas Gunter was a solicitor -and staunch Catholic.	0:17:51	0:17:55
-He built a secret church in the -attic of his house in Abergavenny.	0:17:55	0:18:00
-This graffiti belongs to that time.	0:18:04	0:18:08
-What's special is the picture -of Christ's birth.	0:18:09	0:18:12
-Those who worshipped this image -faced the ultimate punishment.	0:18:12	0:18:19
-Two priests were burnt to death.	0:18:20	0:18:24
-Under Cromwellian rule, -Christmas was forbidden...	0:18:33	0:18:37
-..because of the links -with suspicious idols.	0:18:38	0:18:41
-Ordinary people continued to uphold -traditions such as Y Fari Lwyd.	0:18:41	0:18:46
-The mythology of the time -before Christ's birth...	0:18:57	0:19:00
-..inspires the work of Iwan Bala.	0:19:00	0:19:04
-I went for a walk with Iwan to -an ancient forest in south Wales...	0:19:04	0:19:09
-..to visit a pagan altar.	0:19:09	0:19:11
-The rock which naturally forms -the altar...	0:19:20	0:19:23
-..has been carved with faces.	0:19:23	0:19:25
-It's an enchanting place.	0:19:27	0:19:29
-I wanted to know if this location -inspired Iwan to create new work.	0:19:33	0:19:39
-Well, I was thinking -about creating something...	0:19:40	0:19:44
-..which conveyed Christmas -or celebration.	0:19:44	0:19:47
-I had the idea of an altar -in my mind.	0:19:47	0:19:50
-We all hang decorations in our house -over the Christmas period.	0:19:50	0:19:54
-I'm sure it all goes back to -a time when people created altars.	0:19:54	0:19:58
-I thought of this place. -People come here...	0:19:59	0:20:02
-..and use the location -as a place of worship...	0:20:02	0:20:06
-..or to pray -when they desire something.	0:20:07	0:20:10
-I was thinking of a way -of making something...	0:20:11	0:20:14
-..that was more characteristic -of Wales in some ways.	0:20:15	0:20:19
-I came here, a location where pagans -celebrated this time of year...	0:20:20	0:20:24
-..before Christ was born.	0:20:24	0:20:26
-It became part of Christianity -later on.	0:20:27	0:20:30
-I asked Iwan about the significance -of nature in his life as an artist.	0:20:32	0:20:37
-Sometimes, we forget the power -of nature when we're outside.	0:20:37	0:20:41
-You can feel it here.	0:20:41	0:20:43
-It would be a good idea for people -to visit a forest annually.	0:20:43	0:20:47
-They should spend some time -in forests.	0:20:47	0:20:50
-During the Christmas period, -we have trees in our houses.	0:20:50	0:20:54
-We're remembering -a particular period of time.	0:20:55	0:20:57
-This is part of the experience - -collecting material.	0:20:58	0:21:03
-I'm collecting pieces of wood to -take the spirit of the forest home.	0:21:04	0:21:09
-Christmas traditions changed -completely during the Victorian Age.	0:21:12	0:21:16
-It became a family occasion.	0:21:17	0:21:19
-Commercial celebration -was introduced...	0:21:21	0:21:24
-..in the form of decorating -the Christmas tree...	0:21:24	0:21:27
-..and placing personal gifts -around it.	0:21:27	0:21:30
-Prince Albert introduced the first -Christmas tree to this country.	0:21:36	0:21:41
-He also introduced -other German customs...	0:21:41	0:21:43
-..when he married Queen Victoria.	0:21:43	0:21:46
-Victoria and Albert adopted -these traditions with enthusiasm.	0:21:47	0:21:52
-Soon, the tradition of Christmas -trees spread across the country.	0:21:52	0:21:58
-In my hand -is the first Christmas card.	0:22:00	0:22:04
-There's a happy family -celebrating in the picture.	0:22:04	0:22:08
-On either side, people are starving.	0:22:08	0:22:11
-The card warned -the comfortable middle class...	0:22:11	0:22:14
-..that they had to look after -the poor and needy.	0:22:15	0:22:18
-Soon, Christmas cards -became very popular.	0:22:18	0:22:22
-These cards convey the important -elements of a Victorian Christmas.	0:22:24	0:22:31
-The emphasis is on the family - -there's little emphasis on religion.	0:22:31	0:22:36
-The cards are something -to play with.	0:22:36	0:22:40
-The Victorians were influenced -by the theatre.	0:22:40	0:22:45
-They think about a theatre stage - -some things stand out.	0:22:45	0:22:49
-They move easily back and forth.	0:22:49	0:22:52
-It was time for me -to visit Catrin in Pwllheli.	0:23:00	0:23:03
-By the time I arrived, -there had been heavy snowfalls...	0:23:03	0:23:06
-..in Snowdonia.	0:23:07	0:23:09
-I decided to sketch -some of the scenes.	0:23:09	0:23:12
-Catrin is creating a black and white -print as the foundation of her work.	0:23:25	0:23:30
-# A decent congregation	0:23:30	0:23:32
-# Worshipping in unison	0:23:32	0:23:34
-# In glorious unity	0:23:34	0:23:37
-# Singing your praises	0:23:37	0:23:40
-# Our voices -are testament to our talent	0:23:40	0:23:47
-# God sent his Son to this earth	0:23:47	0:23:51
-# To enrich our lives	0:23:51	0:23:54
-# Today is the day to proclaim	0:23:55	0:23:58
-# The birth of baby Jesus #	0:23:58	0:24:00
-I wanted to see how the sketches -she'd made outside...	0:24:01	0:24:04
-..had influenced her studio work.	0:24:05	0:24:07
-The window appears at the top. -The cow has found her place...	0:24:07	0:24:12
-..in the middle -after sketching in the stable.	0:24:12	0:24:15
-The sheep have crept in -at the bottom.	0:24:15	0:24:18
-The cow looks serious -and responsible.	0:24:18	0:24:21
-The sheep appear to be wild.	0:24:21	0:24:24
-I'm happy with it.	0:24:25	0:24:26
-It was difficult getting agriculture -into a church context.	0:24:26	0:24:30
-I've combined churches -from other sketchbooks.	0:24:32	0:24:36
-You're using your memory.	0:24:36	0:24:38
-It's very interesting when -you're working with sketchbooks.	0:24:39	0:24:44
-20 years later, my colours -and palette have changed.	0:24:44	0:24:48
-My experiences are different.	0:24:48	0:24:50
-Catrin's technique is lively.	0:24:51	0:24:54
-I can't wait to see -the oil paints developing.	0:24:54	0:24:56
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-Cefyn is visiting Melin Teifi -near Llandysul.	0:25:21	0:25:25
-As well as the shawl, he wants to -create a traditional woollen throw.	0:25:25	0:25:29
-I asked him if this part of -the process gave him satisfaction.	0:25:36	0:25:41
-After a period of sketching, -researching and needlework...	0:25:41	0:25:47
-..the type of work I can do -in my workshop...	0:25:47	0:25:50
-..smelling the fabric -and hearing the machines...	0:25:50	0:25:55
-..and being more hands-on, -I can't tell you...	0:25:55	0:25:59
-..it's such a thrilling experience.	0:25:59	0:26:02
-The colours I've chosen, even though -I've experimented with them today...	0:26:04	0:26:09
-..to see what they looked like -next to each other...	0:26:09	0:26:13
-..I don't want anything too bland.	0:26:13	0:26:16
-Neither do I want something -that's going to jump out at you.	0:26:16	0:26:22
-I've chosen the warm, -neutral yellow colour.	0:26:22	0:26:26
-It has a few other colours in it -just to break it up.	0:26:26	0:26:30
-Santa Claus, in his red suit...	0:26:32	0:26:34
-..is one of the most prominent -images of Christmas.	0:26:34	0:26:38
-Santa Claus -used to wear a green suit.	0:26:38	0:26:41
-Coco Cola devised a red suit -for him.	0:26:41	0:26:45
-The bright red suit -was designed in 1931.	0:26:46	0:26:51
-This image of Santa Claus differs -from the traditional image.	0:26:52	0:26:56
-This is the original Santa Claus.	0:26:57	0:26:59
-St Nicholas was a bishop -from Myra in Turkey.	0:26:59	0:27:02
-Here, in Cardiff Bay...	0:27:03	0:27:05
-..is the small Greek Orthodox -church which bears his name.	0:27:05	0:27:10
-It's a treasure trove -of Byzantine images.	0:27:11	0:27:16
-What's so special about St Nicholas?	0:27:28	0:27:30
-This panel shows the main events -in St Nicholas's life.	0:27:33	0:27:38
-In this circle, -he saves young children.	0:27:38	0:27:41
-He was the patron saint of children.	0:27:42	0:27:44
-He would visit homes in -the village at this time of year...	0:27:44	0:27:48
-..and leave gifts for the children.	0:27:48	0:27:50
-If we asked children for -their favourite Christmas image...	0:27:53	0:27:56
-..most would answer Santa Claus.	0:27:56	0:27:58
-# Merry Christmas to you all	0:27:58	0:28:02
-# From us all	0:28:02	0:28:04
-# Next year, -you'll be singing here #	0:28:06	0:28:11
-American Thomas Nast created -this image of Santa Claus in 1865...	0:28:11	0:28:18
-..to convey the importance of -the child as a symbol of new life...	0:28:18	0:28:23
-..following the atrocities -of the American Civil War.	0:28:23	0:28:27
-The way he combines old ideas -with new ideas is very clever.	0:28:28	0:28:32
-You can see holly -on Santa Claus's hat.	0:28:33	0:28:37
-Old, pagan symbols appear -with a new modern message.	0:28:37	0:28:41
-This is an example of how people -started worshipping objects...	0:28:42	0:28:46
-..otherwise known -as materialism and consumerism.	0:28:46	0:28:50
-Thomas Nast shows his breadth -of understanding.	0:28:51	0:28:56
-He includes European traditions -in the new world of America...	0:28:57	0:29:01
-..and develops the idea of a modern -Santa Claus and Father Christmas.	0:29:01	0:29:07
-These figures of Santa Claus -would have confused Thomas Nast.	0:29:09	0:29:14
-Despite globalisation...	0:29:14	0:29:16
-..every culture has a different -idea about his appearance.	0:29:16	0:29:21
-Rudolph sings karaoke -to the reindeers.	0:29:30	0:29:34
-Iwan develops and experiments -with some new ideas...	0:29:38	0:29:42
-..for the Christmas centrepiece -in his home.	0:29:43	0:29:47
-As a modern artist, he is ready to -use images from all over the world.	0:29:49	0:29:54
-These include personal treasures -such as this Greek icon...	0:29:54	0:29:58
-..a gift from his wife.	0:29:58	0:30:00
-Iwan has asked his children -for their contribution.	0:30:04	0:30:08
-He explains more -about the images and figures.	0:30:09	0:30:13
-This figure, Cernunnos, comes from -the forest - he lives in the forest.	0:30:18	0:30:24
-He's an old god of the forest.	0:30:24	0:30:27
-At one time, -he had horns on his head...	0:30:28	0:30:30
-..like a reindeer.	0:30:31	0:30:33
-The reindeer are his animals.	0:30:34	0:30:37
-Are they like Santa's reindeers?	0:30:37	0:30:40
-These on the floor or these here? -You have some on your cardigan.	0:30:40	0:30:45
-I've chosen reindeer because -they're animals of the forest.	0:30:45	0:30:49
-Cernunnos, as I said before, -comes from the forest.	0:30:49	0:30:54
-Santa might be related to Cernunnos.	0:30:55	0:30:59
-I went to see -how they were getting on.	0:31:01	0:31:04
-I wanted to do something -in the house.	0:31:05	0:31:08
-It's what people do -with a Christmas tree.	0:31:08	0:31:11
-They bring it into the house.	0:31:11	0:31:13
-I brought holly -back from the forest.	0:31:13	0:31:16
-The children have been drawing -on the wall.	0:31:16	0:31:19
-We create different levels -of meaning.	0:31:20	0:31:22
-There's a story developing -on this wall.	0:31:23	0:31:27
-I'm developing the theme -of altars in Mexican homes...	0:31:29	0:31:35
-..and in the Caribbean.	0:31:35	0:31:37
-People place objects on an altar.	0:31:37	0:31:41
-By using objects other people -have used before...	0:31:43	0:31:46
-..it strengthens the image -and gives them additional power.	0:31:46	0:31:51
-I wanted to know if this -was an altar for worship.	0:31:51	0:31:56
-As secular people, -we think about these objects...	0:31:56	0:32:00
-..rather than worship them.	0:32:00	0:32:02
-Having said that, Welsh people -do worship the idea...	0:32:02	0:32:07
-..of continual life and the idea of -how the past influences the present.	0:32:08	0:32:14
-Welshness relies on faith. You have -to work hard to preserve Welshness.	0:32:14	0:32:20
-'A fu ddoe a fydd o hyd' - what -existed once, will always exist.	0:32:20	0:32:25
-Gerallt Lloyd Owen wrote that line.	0:32:25	0:32:28
-I've placed a question mark -after that.	0:32:28	0:32:31
-I'm not sure if things -will always exist.	0:32:31	0:32:34
-You must have faith -and this is an altar for that faith.	0:32:34	0:32:38
-I'm giving life to objects -from the past in the present.	0:32:38	0:32:42
-In the '50s, Dylan Thomas wrote -A Child's Christmas in Wales.	0:32:43	0:32:48
-The story brings back memories -about his childhood in the '20s.	0:32:48	0:32:53
-Many, many, many years ago...	0:32:55	0:32:58
-..when he was a young boy, -when wolves...	0:32:58	0:33:02
-Edward Arizzone -drew the illustrations.	0:33:02	0:33:05
-They are very imaginative.	0:33:05	0:33:07
-The way he uses ink -is very interesting.	0:33:10	0:33:13
-He uses ink to create light -in his illustrations.	0:33:14	0:33:18
-It's incredible to see something -as simple as ink...	0:33:18	0:33:22
-..being used to create this world, -a world he has devised.	0:33:22	0:33:26
-You can feel the adventure -and excitement of Christmas time...	0:33:27	0:33:31
-..through the eyes of children.	0:33:32	0:33:34
-The illustrations help me recall -my childhood Christmases...	0:33:34	0:33:38
-..especially the excitement -of playing in the snow.	0:33:39	0:33:42
-Catrin Davies is drawing -the outline of her design.	0:33:51	0:33:55
-This will guide her -as she cuts the coloured glass.	0:33:56	0:34:00
-This particular piece of glass -is expensive.	0:34:06	0:34:09
-Catrin must cut it very carefully.	0:34:09	0:34:12
-By placing the panel -against the window...	0:34:35	0:34:38
-..Catrin can see the light -passing through the glass.	0:34:39	0:34:42
-She also paints the glass -to alter the colour.	0:34:47	0:34:51
-This is the traditional method -of creating the shape of the face.	0:35:02	0:35:06
-To complete her work, Catrin -Williams uses pastel colours...	0:35:25	0:35:29
-..to enhance her painting.	0:35:29	0:35:31
-Well, you've created a wonderful -painting - very striking.	0:35:53	0:35:57
-It's colourful and lively. -The design is vibrant.	0:35:57	0:36:01
-The colours are very strong. -The painting stands out.	0:36:01	0:36:06
-I've gone back to using oil paints -recently.	0:36:07	0:36:10
-I think the use of oil paints -is very strong.	0:36:10	0:36:14
-It's very different -to acrylic paint.	0:36:15	0:36:18
-I let the paint dry and then added -oil pastels and water pastels...	0:36:18	0:36:24
-..into the painting.	0:36:24	0:36:26
-On top of the oil paint?	0:36:27	0:36:29
-The markings are livelier -and you can highlight certain areas.	0:36:29	0:36:34
-The cow in the painting looks like -a strong, established animal.	0:36:34	0:36:40
-I enjoyed my time -sketching in the stable.	0:36:40	0:36:44
-I enjoyed going back once more.	0:36:44	0:36:47
-I used to do that for my foundation -course 20 years ago.	0:36:47	0:36:52
-I was very interested -in the backsides of cattle!	0:36:52	0:36:55
-This is the other side.	0:36:55	0:36:57
-I'm not really sure -how it all came together.	0:36:57	0:37:02
-I think I was fortunate to have -the church as a strong foundation.	0:37:03	0:37:08
-An important element was being able -to sketch in a church and a stable.	0:37:09	0:37:14
-The structure of your painting -is static and powerful.	0:37:15	0:37:19
-Right in the middle, -you have lively animals.	0:37:19	0:37:22
-The light shines through the window. -There are many different levels.	0:37:22	0:37:27
-Life, wood, light, structure - -it's all pulled together...	0:37:27	0:37:32
-..by the colour and the design -to create an amazing painting.	0:37:32	0:37:36
-It shows the spirit of Christmas.	0:37:37	0:37:40
-To create the required effect..	0:37:47	0:37:50
-..Catrin Davies must heat -and colour the glass numerous times.	0:37:50	0:37:55
-.	0:38:09	0:38:09
-888	0:38:16	0:38:16
-888 - -888	0:38:16	0:38:18
-This house in Bala, -with its colourful decorations...	0:38:22	0:38:26
-..is a great example of the fashion -that's become popular in Wales.	0:38:26	0:38:31
-This is installation art -at its finest.	0:38:31	0:38:36
-It's a great opportunity to showcase -your creative talents...	0:38:36	0:38:40
-..and release the child -that hides within us all.	0:38:40	0:38:45
-Every Christmas has to be better -than the previous one.	0:38:48	0:38:52
-The bright lights in Bala may have -extinguished the lights of Cardiff.	0:38:52	0:38:58
-This is a very different -perspective on Christmas.	0:39:02	0:39:05
-All these objects -conveyed a message to me.	0:39:05	0:39:09
-This is St Marianna.	0:39:11	0:39:13
-I created her for an exhibition -in January 2000.	0:39:13	0:39:18
-She was a symbol -of the new millennium.	0:39:18	0:39:23
-I made up a story that she -was similar to Y Fari Lwyd.	0:39:23	0:39:28
-She appeared once a year.	0:39:29	0:39:31
-Objects have been added to her -every time she's appeared.	0:39:31	0:39:36
-For this piece of work, -I've added these figures.	0:39:37	0:39:43
-These faces are similar to the -faces in the rock face in Beddau.	0:39:43	0:39:49
-She's now part of your family. She -can celebrate Christmas with you.	0:39:50	0:39:54
-In some ways, both meet each other -for the first time.	0:39:55	0:39:58
-I'd created a female figure - -I wanted to create a male figure.	0:39:58	0:40:03
-This is the first time -they've been in the same room.	0:40:03	0:40:07
-They're Mary and Joseph.	0:40:08	0:40:10
-I have three children -and there are three reindeer here.	0:40:10	0:40:15
-They're a symbol of how these -two objects have come together.	0:40:16	0:40:20
-This is an unusual representation -of Christmas in Wales.	0:40:21	0:40:25
-There are many pagan elements.	0:40:27	0:40:29
-Are some people worried -about those elements?	0:40:29	0:40:32
-People forget that celebrating -this time of year...	0:40:32	0:40:35
-..is steeped in pagan traditions.	0:40:35	0:40:38
-Some people forget that it is -a Christian festival now.	0:40:38	0:40:42
-Catrin Davies has reached an -important point with her glass work.	0:40:49	0:40:53
-It's like a jigsaw now.	0:40:54	0:40:56
-I'm joining the pieces of glass -with the lead...	0:40:56	0:41:00
-..and pressing every piece of glass -in place under the lead.	0:41:00	0:41:04
-You have to bend the lead -to fit around the glass...	0:41:06	0:41:10
-..on the edge to make sure -it all fits together...	0:41:11	0:41:14
-..because it's going to be placed -in a window space.	0:41:16	0:41:19
-The soldering work -holds it all in place.	0:41:21	0:41:25
-In Deganwy, Cefyn is embroidering -the edges of the woollen throw.	0:41:34	0:41:39
-We've already seen -how artists respond...	0:42:09	0:42:12
-..to the simplicity and warmth -of the shepherds' story...	0:42:12	0:42:16
-..and the exotic potential -of the wise men.	0:42:16	0:42:19
-Often, the different aspects of the -story are combined in one picture.	0:42:20	0:42:25
-However, the centrepiece of every -image is Mary and the baby Jesus.	0:42:25	0:42:31
-This image inspires -an instinctive reaction.	0:42:38	0:42:41
-A mother stares lovingly -into the eyes of her first-born.	0:42:41	0:42:45
-# For us this Christmas morning	0:42:46	0:42:50
-# Little child, little child	0:42:50	0:42:54
-# The descendant of Jesse was born, -a little child	0:42:55	0:43:02
-# The righteous on Calvary	0:43:02	0:43:06
-# Little child, little child	0:43:06	0:43:11
-# Sucking the bosom of Mareia, -little child #	0:43:11	0:43:17
-This precious painting -of the Virgin Mary and Christ...	0:43:18	0:43:23
-..is the work of Duccio, one -of the first Renaissance artists.	0:43:23	0:43:27
-You can see the human elements -in this painting.	0:43:28	0:43:31
-Mary looks like a real person.	0:43:32	0:43:35
-Jesus plays with her veil.	0:43:35	0:43:37
-It shows an element of humour.	0:43:37	0:43:40
-There's a bond -between mother and child.	0:43:40	0:43:43
-Duccio works -with many fine materials.	0:43:44	0:43:49
-The lapis lazuli in Mary's clothes - -blue is synonymous with Mary.	0:43:49	0:43:53
-This idea has remained throughout -the history of Christian art.	0:43:54	0:43:57
-Artists during this period didn't -attempt to create an image of Mary.	0:43:58	0:44:04
-There's nothing false here.	0:44:04	0:44:07
-There's no illusion in the painting.	0:44:07	0:44:10
-It's a personal object...	0:44:10	0:44:13
-..something that can be used -for personal worship.	0:44:13	0:44:17
-It's like a window -into another world...	0:44:18	0:44:20
-..a bright, golden world.	0:44:21	0:44:23
-It's the world of the Holy Spirit.	0:44:23	0:44:25
-Our Christmas baby is being wrapped -in Cefyn's beautiful shawl.	0:44:31	0:44:36
-His mother's roses and the cowslips -have been embroidered...	0:44:45	0:44:49
-..in the shawl in subtle colours.	0:44:49	0:44:52
-The geometric patterns contrast -with the embroidered flowers.	0:44:57	0:45:02
-It's another miracle.	0:45:02	0:45:04
-Cefyn has turned something ordinary -into something extraordinary.	0:45:04	0:45:11
-It's such a surprise when you -realize that you started...	0:45:11	0:45:16
-..with a bag of dishcloths -and pieces of cotton.	0:45:16	0:45:20
-There's been a process -to put it all together.	0:45:20	0:45:23
-It's been made to form -a bond between mother and baby.	0:45:24	0:45:29
-To see it being used...	0:45:29	0:45:31
-..and seeing it as something beyond -cloth that's been embroidered...	0:45:32	0:45:37
-..that means everything. -That's the foundation of it.	0:45:37	0:45:41
-It's only valuable -when it serves a purpose.	0:45:41	0:45:47
-In Llanwrin, near Machynlleth, there -is something else that's special.	0:45:54	0:45:59
-We've seen some great treasures -in this programme.	0:45:59	0:46:03
-I've kept the best until last.	0:46:03	0:46:05
-Of all the images we've seen, this -is the earliest of Mary and Jesus.	0:46:06	0:46:12
-The image in this window -conveys a special message to me.	0:46:16	0:46:21
-The simplicity of the design...	0:46:21	0:46:24
-..emphasises the strength -of the worshippers' faith.	0:46:24	0:46:28
-Catrin Davies's wonderful -modern interpretation...	0:46:35	0:46:38
-..includes interesting elements -of original abstract artwork.	0:46:38	0:46:42
-The intention was to use the frame -to push Mary out towards us.	0:46:45	0:46:51
-It's like a window frame, -if you want to look at it that way.	0:46:51	0:46:55
-The light green colours...	0:46:55	0:46:57
-The light green colours... - -She's in the light.	0:46:57	0:46:58
-Yes, she's in the light.	0:46:59	0:47:02
-The centrepiece -is Mary and her baby.	0:47:02	0:47:06
-Mary as a Jew.	0:47:09	0:47:10
-That's a strong theme.	0:47:11	0:47:13
-Mary and Jesus were Jewish. -I thought it was rather suitable.	0:47:13	0:47:18
-As it happened, -Jude has just had a baby.	0:47:18	0:47:21
-I thought it was perfect.	0:47:21	0:47:24
-You've included words at the bottom.	0:47:24	0:47:27
-What are the words?	0:47:27	0:47:29
-'The virgin will be with child...	0:47:31	0:47:34
-..'and will give birth to a son, -and they will call him Immanuel...	0:47:34	0:47:40
-..'which means, "God with us".'	0:47:40	0:47:43
-It sums it all up for me.	0:47:43	0:47:48
-I like the way it says -'wele' at the start of the verse.	0:47:48	0:47:52
-Here we are.	0:47:52	0:47:54
-I compare the image in your window -to someone from medieval times.	0:47:54	0:47:59
-Someone who can't -understand or read...	0:47:59	0:48:02
-..but can see the message -from a colourful design.	0:48:02	0:48:06
-It's a striking image and it works -wonderfully well. It's very holy.	0:48:06	0:48:11
-I would love to see this -being placed in a chapel or church.	0:48:13	0:48:18
-# We wish you	0:48:18	0:48:21
-# A merry Christmas	0:48:22	0:48:25
-# We share all our gifts with you	0:48:28	0:48:32
-# We sing together	0:48:36	0:48:39
-# We celebrate together	0:48:40	0:48:42
-# This is the celebration -of Jesus' birth	0:48:44	0:48:48
-# We will remember forever #	0:48:48	0:48:50
-Cardiff's Christmas lights -have inspired Iwan...	0:48:56	0:48:59
-..to decorate his work -in a sensational way.	0:48:59	0:49:02
-What about the lights -and the flowers?	0:49:04	0:49:07
-Santa Lucia is the Queen of Lights.	0:49:07	0:49:12
-I'm trying to combine -different aspects here.	0:49:12	0:49:16
-I wanted to create -an alternative Christmas grotto.	0:49:16	0:49:22
-We're in Cardiff Bay, a very -multi-cultural part of the city.	0:49:22	0:49:28
-Cernunnos became the centrepiece -of the presentation...	0:49:28	0:49:34
-..and then we introduced -Santa Lucia.	0:49:34	0:49:36
-I've combined different saints -and gods.	0:49:37	0:49:41
-Tell me about the two faces.	0:49:41	0:49:43
-I've used the face of Janus...	0:49:44	0:49:46
-..the god who gave his name -to the month of January.	0:49:46	0:49:50
-We're looking back to the past -and forward to the future.	0:49:52	0:49:56
-It's also a bit of fun.	0:49:56	0:49:58
-We've reached the end -of our Christmas story.	0:50:06	0:50:10
-The artists have created -unforgettable images.	0:50:10	0:50:13
-They have responded -in different ways to Christmas.	0:50:13	0:50:16
-In doing so, they have -intensified our understanding...	0:50:17	0:50:21
-..of this special time of year.	0:50:21	0:50:24
-# Hark the herald angels sing	0:50:31	0:50:35
-# Glory to the newborn king #	0:50:35	0:50:41
-.	0:50:41	0:50:41

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