Pennod 4 Byw yn y Byd

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-Well, it's been

-quite a journey so far.

-After flying from Kenya

-to Tanzania...

-..I travelled through the

-amazing landscape of Ngorongoro...

-..and met the Maasai.

-In the village of Samunge,

-I met William Msuya.

-He works for the diocese of Arusha.

-The diocese runs a scheme

-to support local farmers.

-I was delighted to meet Evelyn

-who has experienced great change...

-..since she started

-to keep chickens.

-William and I are in the fields

-owned by Evelyn's husband, Charles.

-He's ploughing a plot of land over

-there. I'm going to have a go at it.

-How are you?

-Samunge, Iasamdito and Digodigo

-are three villages near Loliondo.

-They are part of a scheme

-supported by the charity, CAFOD...

-..to improve living standards

-in the area.

-The Sonjo tribe lives here.

-The tribe has been farming

-for centuries.

-But for many years,

-they were at war with the Maasai.

-Modern farming methods

-only recently reached here.

-Look at those cattle.

-There aren't any like that in Wales.

-They are Zebu cattle.

-They have lumps on their backs.

-They store fat in there.

-These cattle can cope with

-hot weather and lack of water.

-When times are hard, they have

-their stored fat to sustain them.

-The earth is very hard.

-The sun has baked it.

-The only way to get air into it

-is to turn it like this.

-If they used hand tools,

-they'd be here for weeks.

-It was a hard job

-to keep the plough in the earth.

-But until the mid-1980s,

-only hand tools were used.

-In 1984, someone came from

-the department of agriculture...

-..with a plough

-and taught them how to use it.

-At the time, the Sonjo tribe

-was still at war with the Maasai.

-When the official came back

-a few months later...

-..he discovered that they'd

-dismantled the plough...

-..and used the metal

-to make weapons.

-Tanzania is still

-a developing country.

-As we've developed the use

-of machines at home...

-..and have fewer people

-working on the land...

-..perhaps they'll be the same

-in ten years' time.

-Although farming methods

-are still developing here...

-..some things are much more advanced

-than ours at home.

-They have a system

-to create methane.

-How many of these

-do you see at home?

-They make it from cow manure.

-The manure goes in here.

-It starts here.

-There are two spaces - one for

-the manure and one for the water.

-They mix the water with the manure.

-What happens is that the manure

-fills that and comes up to the top.

-But over time, it goes down.

-The gas starts to fill

-the top quarter of the tank.

-As the gas fills the top quarter

-of the cylinder...

-..it pushes out the rotted manure

-into this chamber.

-It comes out of a hole on this side.

-This is then used for tillage.

-The gas from this system is used to

-cook the vegetables that grow...

-..out of the rotted manure.

-It will be composted

-and won't smell.

-This system works extremely well.

-It is a very simple process.

-Why don't we use

-something like this at home?

-Well done, Marek.

-Well done.

-It's very good.

-I'll have to have

-one of these at home.

-Learning more about keeping cattle

-is also part of the scheme...

-..that William is working on.

-One morning, we went to see

-Nuru Samde Sebani.

-She has seen her cattle's

-milk yield increase...

-..since joining the project.

-I keep goats, sheep,

-cows and chickens.

-Nothing else.

-I usually get ten litres

-per day from the cows.

-I use about half of it at home

-for drinking and cooking.

-I swap or sell the other half

-to pay bills.

-I have to get hold of it

-with just my finger and thumb.

-I have to pull the milk down

-from the udder.

-They don't use a bucket

-to hold the milk but this.

-It's called a calabash.

-You have to milk them

-where they stand.

-If you used a bucket, they'd kick it

-over and the milk would be wasted.

-I'm getting quite a lot of milk

-from this cow.

-They have very small teats.

-At home, we breed them

-with longer teats...

-..so that we can get our hands

-right around them.

-With a family of seven children

-and another on the way...

-..selling the milk

-is very important for Nuru.

-While we were there, her friend,

-Zephaniah, came to buy some.

-He had brought his own calabash.

-William and I were invited to the

-house of Zephaniah and his wife.

-They are also participating

-in the scheme in Iasamdito.

-COCK CROWS

-We have nine children

-aged between 22 and 6 years old.

-We grow crops and keep chickens.

-Our income derives from selling

-our crops and hens' eggs.

-We are also church leaders.

-My husband is a minister.

-We've been keeping chickens

-since 2009.

-We started with two chickens

-in one small shed.

-Then we were given a bigger shed by

-the project and increased our stock.

-Now we have a lot of chickens

-and we sell eggs and chickens too.

-Winfreida has asked us

-to help her...

-..repair and heighten the fence

-around the chickens.

-She says that the chickens

-are escaping...

-..where this wire meets the fence.

-She doesn't want them to escape.

-We have managed to pay school fees

-for three of our children.

-We buy items such as sugar, tea,

-salt and cooking oil...

-..with what we make

-from the chickens.

-This is quite an old cockerel.

-He has a bit of a cold.

-You can hear his chest wheezing.

-The trouble is

-there are too many cockerels.

-Look at his head -

-it's all bloody.

-He's been fighting.

-He's been fighting too much,

-this one.

-Look at the mess on his face.

-There are too many cockerels

-for the hens.

-I did my best to persuade Winfreida

-to get rid of some of the cockerels.

-For the sake of the hens.

-Later on, I hope to get rid of one.

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-William and I have come to the

-market in the village of Digodigo...

-..where Winfreida and Zephaniah

-are selling eggs.

-And yes, we have one

-of the cockerels with us.

-There's one over there.

-Winfreida has just sold the eggs

-for 4,000 shilling, around 2.00.

-That's for fifty eggs.

-They're now trying

-to get rid of the cockerel.

-I'm not sure how much

-she'll get for it. Let's find out!

-Winfreida has sold the cockerel

-for 10,000 shilling - about 5.00.

-The eggs have all gone too.

-This market is considerably smaller

-than the one I visited in Kenya.

-But it's busy enough!

-Digodigo is part of the scheme

-supported by CAFOD.

-I was thrilled to hear how

-the three villages have developed.

-A year ago, there was only

-one shop in Samunge.

-But now, the place is thriving and

-houses are being built everywhere.

-More children now go to school and

-the standard of living is improving.

-The scheme teaches people

-to do things for themselves...

-..and to work together

-as a community.

-By using more modern methods,

-things are improving year on year.

-But there's still room

-for some of the older methods.

-Before leaving,

-I was fortunate enough...

-..to see honey being collected

-from a beehive in the woods.

-Wild bees often make a home

-in an old, rotten tree trunk.

-These men have moved the trunk

-up the tree...

-..so that it isn't disturbed.

-They blow smoke into the trunk

-to keep the bees busy...

-..while they collect the honey.

-The bees think their home

-is in danger of burning down...

-..so they try to eat all the honey.

-They're so preoccupied doing that...

-..they're not interested

-in stinging anyone.

-But I don't think they're wise

-doing this without wearing a suit.

-Wherever you are in the world,

-bees are a gardener's best friend.

-They help to pollinate plants

-to ensure they grow fruit.

-I didn't want to get any closer

-while they collected the honey...

-..but nothing's going to stop me

-trying it!

-Thank you.

-Very good.

-This has made my trip to Africa

-worthwhile!

-It's very sweet.

-Fresh from the beehive!

-The population of bees throughout

-the world is in decline.

-It's important we do whatever we can

-to protect them.

-I was glad to see that the Sonjo

-had so much respect for them.

-Although I was very happy in the

-company of the local people...

-..I must admit, I was ready

-for the next part of the trip.

-I was on my way home...

-..and thinking about returning

-to Rhosgadfan to Jen and Bleddyn.

-But before leaving Tanzania, there

-were a few things to see on the way.

-The first was Lake Natron.

-Lake Natron is quite a lake!

-It lies at the most southerly point

-of the Rift Valley.

-But 500 years ago,

-it covered this entire area.

-The water is very salty -

-almost pure ammonia.

-But it's perfect

-for one particular animal.

-They say there's a pot of gold

-at the end of every rainbow...

-..but for me, there are birds.

-Over there, there are flamingos.

-Lake Natron is the world's

-most important breeding site...

-..for the flamingo.

-Around two million of them

-are bred here every year.

-Their pink feathers and legs...

-..have formed

-because of the algae they eat.

-There's plenty of that

-in salty water.

-But although there are

-plenty of them here...

-..the flamingo is under threat.

-Recently, an Indian company

-tried to get permission...

-..to build a factory that would

-extract salt from the water.

-But the reaction from the RSPB

-has been enough to keep them at bay.

-As the flamingos fly away...

-..it's almost time

-for me to fly home.

-But I fancy a cuppa

-before leaving...

-..and what would be better

-than some local coffee.

-Arabica coffee is grown

-on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro.

-I'm going to the village

-of Msuni for my cuppa.

-The local coffee growing association

-arranges trips for tourists.

-Today, I'm welcomed on the farm

-of Rafael and Flora Msuki.

-The Chagga tribe has been

-growing coffee for years.

-They learned from their fathers

-how to work with nature...

-..and respect the trees.

-They plant the coffee shrubs

-in between banana trees...

-..to give them shade.

-This is a coffee plant.

-The berries are ready to be picked.

-Don't pick the yellow ones,

-just the red ones.

-The red ones are ripe.

-The harvest season lasts six months.

-From October to March,

-Flora and Rafael...

-..are busy picking and drying

-the coffee before selling it.

-75% of the family's income

-comes from growing coffee.

-Since 2000, local farmers

-have turned to organic methods.

-Although the plants

-are prone to more diseases...

-..they get a far better price

-for their coffee.

-This machine crushes the berries.

-This is usually the man's job.

-After picking the berries...

-..we place them in the machine

-and turn the handle.

-The seeds come out in the front

-and the pulp comes out in the back.

-Flora has now separated the coffee

-seeds from the coffee berries...

-..and has washed them.

-We're now ready for the next process

-of drying the seeds.

-They dry out the coffee

-for five hours a day...

-..and cover it

-for the rest of the time.

-Too much sun makes the coffee

-lose water and taste.

-After around four to five days...

-..they carry the coffee

-to the association's building...

-..where it's stored

-before going to the market.

-Fairtrade companies throughout

-the world buy coffee from this area.

-They share part of their profits

-with the farmers.

-They give a share of the profits

-back to the farmers.

-In the language of Chagga,

-we call this "Baki"...

-..a gift that gives hope.

-When fairtrade companies come back,

-we're happy to sell them our coffee.

-Part of the coffee tour

-for tourists...

-..is seeing some of the fresh coffee

-being roasted and crushed...

-..to make a cuppa.

-I was looking forward

-to tasting one.

-They're starting to turn brown now.

-They smell fantastic.

-It's been an interesting process.

-I've enjoyed seeing

-where our coffee at home comes from.

-There's a wonderful taste to it.

-It's been worth every step

-to come and taste this coffee.

-Iechyd da!

-Yes, it was "Iechyd da"

-and farewell...

-..as I turned around and made

-my way back to Arusha airport...

-..to catch my flight back

-to dear Rhosgadfan.

-I'll have plenty of stories

-to tell Bledd for years to come!

-Hello!

-Hello, cutie.

-It's nice to be back home

-with Jen and Bleddyn.

-Africa has made me look

-at things from a different angle.

-I'm looking forward to the season.

-S4C Subtitles by Testun Cyf.