Pennod 8 ‹ Cadw Cwmni gyda John Hardy

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-Subtitles	0:00:00	0:00:00
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:00:00	0:00:02
-Welcome to Cadw Cwmni...	0:00:20	0:00:22
-..the series which provides -a platform for your stories...	0:00:22	0:00:26
-..and offers a personal perspective -of historical events.	0:00:26	0:00:30
-Later we celebrate 75 years...	0:00:30	0:00:32
-..of Britain's contribution -to overseas education.	0:00:32	0:00:36
-But first, an eyewitness account -of one of our history's atrocities.	0:00:36	0:00:41
-The mere mention of the place -sends shivers down the spine.	0:00:41	0:00:46
-Aberfan.	0:00:46	0:00:48
-The Aberfan landslide -resulted in tragedy...	0:00:51	0:00:54
-..on Friday 21 October 1966.	0:00:54	0:00:57
-At a quarter past nine -in the morning...	0:00:58	0:01:00
-..a spoil tip of coal -from the Merthyr Vale colliery...	0:01:01	0:01:04
-..collapsed onto -the village of Aberfan...	0:01:05	0:01:08
-..burying a primary school, -20 houses and a farm.	0:01:08	0:01:12
-144 lives were lost -in the tragedy...	0:01:12	0:01:15
-..including five teachers -and 116 children...	0:01:15	0:01:18
-..most of whom were aged -between seven and 10 years old.	0:01:18	0:01:22
-Following the landslide...	0:01:23	0:01:25
-..a tribunal was called...	0:01:26	0:01:28
-..to investigate -the causes of the disaster.	0:01:28	0:01:31
-The coal tip's owners, -the National Coal Board...	0:01:31	0:01:35
-..claimed it was a natural disaster.	0:01:36	0:01:38
-But it later transpired -that the National Coal Board...	0:01:39	0:01:43
-..had been aware of the subsidence -some months previously.	0:01:43	0:01:47
-The National Coal Board was ordered -to pay 50 pounds compensation...	0:01:48	0:01:52
-..to every family that had -lost a child in the disaster.	0:01:53	0:01:56
-It was a paltry sum -for a human life.	0:01:57	0:01:59
-No-one was ever sacked -or prosecuted for the tragedy.	0:01:59	0:02:03
-A day which has been etched on -the minds of those who were there.	0:02:05	0:02:10
-I remember passing through -as a child of 10.	0:02:10	0:02:13
-My first guest was there.	0:02:13	0:02:16
-Reverend Professor D Ben Rees, -welcome to Cadw Cwmni.	0:02:16	0:02:19
-When did you hear about -the Aberfan disaster?	0:02:20	0:02:24
-The tragedy happened -at 9.15 in the morning.	0:02:25	0:02:28
-Within 10 minutes, I saw ambulances -hurtling down the road...	0:02:29	0:02:35
-..past Cilfynydd common.	0:02:35	0:02:37
-The house where I lived -in Abercynon overlooked the valley.	0:02:37	0:02:42
-News came on the radio...	0:02:42	0:02:45
-..that a state of emergency -had been declared in Aberfan.	0:02:46	0:02:50
-I jumped in the car...	0:02:50	0:02:52
-..in the clothes -I had been wearing around the house.	0:02:53	0:02:56
-I got in the car -in my old clothes...	0:02:56	0:03:00
-..and drove to -Pantglas Junior School.	0:03:00	0:03:03
-Despite your associations -with Liverpool...	0:03:04	0:03:06
-..your ministry -was in South Wales at the time.	0:03:07	0:03:10
-How far away from Aberfan were you?	0:03:10	0:03:13
-I was four or five miles away.	0:03:13	0:03:15
-I moved to Abercynon in 1962...	0:03:15	0:03:17
-..but my ministry -also covered Penrhiwceiber.	0:03:18	0:03:22
-In 1965 I took on another chapel -in the Aberfan area...	0:03:22	0:03:26
-..known as Merthyr Vale.	0:03:26	0:03:28
-I'd spent a year...	0:03:28	0:03:30
-..getting to know the residents -of Aberfan and Merthyr Vale.	0:03:30	0:03:34
-What sort of community -existed in Aberfan in 1966?	0:03:35	0:03:38
-It was very close knit.	0:03:39	0:03:41
-There were many -Welsh speakers in the community.	0:03:42	0:03:45
-It was a working-class society...	0:03:45	0:03:49
-..and very close knit.	0:03:49	0:03:51
-The people were warm and friendly.	0:03:52	0:03:54
-Everybody knew one another...	0:03:56	0:03:58
-..and more than one generation -of the same family lived there.	0:03:59	0:04:03
-What awaited you when you arrived?	0:04:03	0:04:06
-I'll never forget it.	0:04:09	0:04:11
-For people like me...	0:04:14	0:04:16
-..there was -nothing much we could do...	0:04:16	0:04:19
-..apart from -get stuck in and clear the debris...	0:04:19	0:04:23
-..and help people with -the search-and-rescue mission...	0:04:23	0:04:30
-..by removing the slurry...	0:04:30	0:04:35
-..in order to penetrate -the enormous tip...	0:04:36	0:04:41
-..which consisted of water, -coal and so on...	0:04:42	0:04:45
-..and get to the little children...	0:04:45	0:04:48
-..who were trapped inside -together with some of the teachers.	0:04:48	0:04:53
-You were -a young minister at the time.	0:04:53	0:04:56
-It was a new experience for you.	0:04:56	0:04:59
-How do you console people -when a tragedy like that happens?	0:04:59	0:05:03
-It's a case of -just being there for them.	0:05:03	0:05:07
-I'd dealt with bereavement -before the Aberfan tragedy...	0:05:07	0:05:11
-..when a young boy -was killed in a traffic accident.	0:05:11	0:05:15
-I remember -breaking the news to his parents.	0:05:15	0:05:18
-I learnt that the most important -thing was to be there for them...	0:05:18	0:05:22
-..and praying with them, -as I did in Aberfan.	0:05:22	0:05:26
-I accompanied the fathers -to the two chapels...	0:05:26	0:05:29
-..where the bodies -of the children were lying...	0:05:29	0:05:33
-..to identify them.	0:05:33	0:05:36
-They were glad -to have someone by their side.	0:05:36	0:05:40
-The fathers were grateful.	0:05:40	0:05:44
-Only one person at a time -was allowed in the chapel...	0:05:44	0:05:48
-..and I accompanied them.	0:05:49	0:05:51
-My presence was a comfort -to the fathers and the families.	0:05:51	0:05:55
-They'll never forget that.	0:05:55	0:05:57
-You were also present -at the burial services.	0:05:57	0:06:01
-As I recall, the major funeral -was held on 27 October.	0:06:04	0:06:08
-I attended the service.	0:06:08	0:06:10
-A service was held -to lay to rest 82 of them...	0:06:11	0:06:15
-..that day in the cemetery.	0:06:15	0:06:17
-Whenever I'm in the vicinity, -I go to visit their graves.	0:06:18	0:06:23
-I knew many of the families.	0:06:23	0:06:28
-It was a very difficult time.	0:06:28	0:06:32
-Language -can sometimes be very explosive...	0:06:34	0:06:39
-..and problems arose from that.	0:06:40	0:06:42
-It's difficult -trying to explain it...	0:06:42	0:06:47
-..but what affected the families...	0:06:48	0:06:50
-..was the language that was used.	0:06:50	0:06:53
-There were so many words -uttered in the services...	0:06:53	0:06:57
-..that reduced them to tears.	0:06:57	0:06:59
-Words like -school, children, mountain, coal...	0:07:00	0:07:05
-..or even rain.	0:07:05	0:07:07
-So many words were emotional -triggers, so I avoided using them...	0:07:08	0:07:12
-..because they caused -so much hurt for people.	0:07:12	0:07:16
-It made me mindful -of the words I used...	0:07:16	0:07:21
-..in the service and in the sermon.	0:07:21	0:07:24
-I had to tread very carefully.	0:07:24	0:07:27
-During the aftermath...	0:07:27	0:07:29
-..my sole purpose -was to comfort the families...	0:07:29	0:07:33
-..in their hour of need.	0:07:34	0:07:36
-They were completely helpless.	0:07:36	0:07:39
-I was a member -of the Aberfan Disaster Committee...	0:07:39	0:07:42
-..which dealt with the fund...	0:07:43	0:07:45
-..that received donations totalling -a million and a half pounds.	0:07:45	0:07:50
-I knew the National Coal Board -was culpable.	0:07:51	0:07:55
-They lacked sensitivity -in the matter...	0:07:55	0:07:59
-..and so did Lord Robens.	0:07:59	0:08:02
-He and the NCB -wanted to take the money from you.	0:08:03	0:08:06
-They did take the money from us.	0:08:06	0:08:09
-They took 150,000 of the money...	0:08:09	0:08:11
-..to pay for the removal -of the slurry and debris.	0:08:12	0:08:15
-That's scandalous.	0:08:17	0:08:19
-The families received some justice -but it was too little.	0:08:20	0:08:24
-We had to wait until -the Labour government of 1997...	0:08:24	0:08:28
-..for the 150,000 taken by the NCB -to be reimbursed.	0:08:29	0:08:33
-But the value of that money was -far less than it had been in 1966.	0:08:33	0:08:38
-They added nothing to it.	0:08:38	0:08:41
-I remember talking to someone -who had survived the disaster.	0:08:41	0:08:46
-He said that -some of the Aberfan community...	0:08:46	0:08:49
-..were left with a sense of guilt.	0:08:49	0:08:52
-That's true. They'd experienced -profound suffering.	0:08:52	0:08:56
-Some of them confided in me.	0:08:56	0:09:00
-When I go to Aberfan, -I visit those I know.	0:09:00	0:09:03
-I agree with your point.	0:09:04	0:09:07
-They suffered greatly, -both psychologically...	0:09:07	0:09:12
-..and emotionally.	0:09:12	0:09:14
-But in adversity, -we did our best to comfort those...	0:09:14	0:09:20
-..who had endured a tragedy...	0:09:20	0:09:24
-..that none of us can comprehend.	0:09:24	0:09:28
-Similar tragedies happen...	0:09:28	0:09:31
-..but that situation -was incredibly harrowing.	0:09:31	0:09:35
-You were in the middle of it.	0:09:37	0:09:39
-How did you cope with it personally?	0:09:39	0:09:42
-Looking back, it was far from easy.	0:09:44	0:09:49
-I was young.	0:09:49	0:09:52
-Many people were very supportive.	0:09:52	0:09:58
-I had been touched -by people's kindness.	0:09:58	0:10:02
-That sustained my faith -in the human race.	0:10:03	0:10:08
-It was important that others...	0:10:08	0:10:11
-..continued to remember -about the community.	0:10:11	0:10:14
-Efforts were made -to comfort the communities...	0:10:14	0:10:18
-..in Aberfan and Merthyr Vale.	0:10:19	0:10:21
-It would've been easy for you -to lose faith.	0:10:21	0:10:24
-Many people did lose faith.	0:10:25	0:10:29
-But what was of great solace...	0:10:32	0:10:34
-..was seeing how the English Baptist -minister, Reverend Haines...	0:10:34	0:10:39
-..who had lost -two children of his own...	0:10:39	0:10:42
-..remained in the area -throughout his ministry.	0:10:42	0:10:46
-He was an exemplary figure -for young ministers like myself.	0:10:46	0:10:51
-Unlike him, I could leave Aberfan -at the end of the day.	0:10:52	0:10:56
-I mentioned earlier, -for those of a certain age...	0:10:56	0:10:59
-..the mere mention of the place -sends a shiver down the spine.	0:11:00	0:11:04
-What goes through your mind -when you hear the name?	0:11:04	0:11:07
-The heart-rending cries -of the children.	0:11:08	0:11:11
-It is probably the greatest tragedy -we have suffered as a nation.	0:11:11	0:11:15
-Senghennydd was tragic because of -the miners who lost their lives...	0:11:16	0:11:20
-..but they were adults.	0:11:21	0:11:23
-These were young children...	0:11:23	0:11:25
-..who hadn't had the opportunity -to live their lives.	0:11:25	0:11:29
-We felt so helpless in it all.	0:11:29	0:11:34
-They were -the lost generation of Aberfan.	0:11:35	0:11:37
-Thank you for joining me, Ben...	0:11:37	0:11:40
-..and recounting your story.	0:11:40	0:11:42
-Join me again after the break.	0:11:43	0:11:45
-.	0:11:48	0:11:49
-Subtitles	0:11:52	0:11:52
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:11:52	0:11:54
-Welcome back to Cadw Cwmni.	0:11:55	0:11:57
-We now turn our attention to Africa -and other overseas countries.	0:11:57	0:12:02
-The British Council -was founded 75 years ago.	0:12:02	0:12:05
-It has been instrumental -in developing...	0:12:05	0:12:08
-..educational opportunities -for less privileged people overseas.	0:12:09	0:12:13
-International education...	0:12:15	0:12:17
-..has been a pillar -of British diplomacy...	0:12:17	0:12:21
-..for 75 years.	0:12:22	0:12:24
-One of the prime objectives...	0:12:24	0:12:26
-..was to promote -culture, education, science...	0:12:26	0:12:32
-..and the British arts overseas.	0:12:32	0:12:36
-They quickly realized...	0:12:36	0:12:39
-..that education was one of -the most important tools...	0:12:39	0:12:44
-..in the developing world.	0:12:45	0:12:48
-Learning English...	0:12:48	0:12:52
-..was one of -the most important skills...	0:12:53	0:12:57
-..since knowledge -was imparted to them in English.	0:12:57	0:13:00
-Centres were established worldwide.	0:13:01	0:13:05
-There are currently -100 centres around the world.	0:13:05	0:13:09
-They learn English -and promote British culture...	0:13:09	0:13:13
-..in all those countries.	0:13:13	0:13:15
-I'm joined by someone who's been -involved with the project.	0:13:19	0:13:23
-Welcome to the programme, -Eddie Williams.	0:13:23	0:13:26
-How long have you -been involved with the project?	0:13:26	0:13:30
-I was working -at Reading University at the time.	0:13:30	0:13:33
-The British Council -wanted to send someone to Rwanda.	0:13:34	0:13:37
-They asked Reading University -to find suitable candidates.	0:13:38	0:13:42
-I was the only one in my department -who could speak French.	0:13:42	0:13:46
-At the time, the only languages -spoken in Rwanda...	0:13:46	0:13:50
-..were Kinyarwanda and French.	0:13:50	0:13:52
-French was the official language.	0:13:53	0:13:55
-Because I spoke fluent French -I was sent to Rwanda.	0:13:55	0:13:59
-What did -your work entail in Rwanda?	0:13:59	0:14:03
-They wanted to improve -the English department...	0:14:03	0:14:07
-..at Rwanda University.	0:14:07	0:14:09
-Instead of concentrating...	0:14:10	0:14:14
-..on English linguistics...	0:14:14	0:14:18
-..and literature -such as Shakespeare and Dickens...	0:14:18	0:14:24
-..they wanted to focus more -on the English language.	0:14:24	0:14:27
-They wanted to improve -their standard of English.	0:14:28	0:14:32
-I went there to help change -the English syllabus...	0:14:32	0:14:36
-..from something old fashioned...	0:14:36	0:14:38
-..to something that enabled them -to learn English better.	0:14:39	0:14:42
-It sounds odd to be teaching -Dickens and Shakespeare in Rwanda.	0:14:43	0:14:48
-Is it fair to say -that's rather colonial?	0:14:49	0:14:53
-Yes, it is. -They also learnt Greek and Latin.	0:14:54	0:14:57
-You wouldn't believe -the things they learnt.	0:14:57	0:15:00
-Rwanda is famous for its problems...	0:15:00	0:15:03
-..such as the poverty and civil war.	0:15:03	0:15:05
-That was the situation like -when you were there?	0:15:06	0:15:09
-I was there before the civil war -and the university was elsewhere.	0:15:09	0:15:15
-Back then it was in the north -but it's since moved.	0:15:15	0:15:18
-The Hutus and Tutsis -weren't at loggerheads at the time.	0:15:19	0:15:24
-Most of the Tutsis were in Uganda...	0:15:24	0:15:27
-..waiting for their opportunity -to re-enter the country...	0:15:27	0:15:32
-..which is what happened in the end.	0:15:32	0:15:34
-You mentioned it in passing -that you speak French...	0:15:35	0:15:39
-..and you also speak -Welsh and English.	0:15:39	0:15:42
-How many languages do you speak?	0:15:42	0:15:45
-My Welsh is very poor, -I have to admit...	0:15:45	0:15:50
-..but I also speak English and -my French is better than my Welsh.	0:15:50	0:15:56
-I can get by in other languages.	0:15:56	0:15:59
-Such as?	0:15:59	0:16:01
-A little Spanish and a little Greek.	0:16:01	0:16:04
-I lived in Cyprus for a while.	0:16:04	0:16:06
-I also learnt Turkish.	0:16:06	0:16:08
-I was working on the Greek side...	0:16:08	0:16:11
-..but I learnt a little Turkish -to familiarize myself.	0:16:11	0:16:15
-But I've forgotten a lot of it.	0:16:15	0:16:17
-I speak a little Arabic -and a little Chichewa...	0:16:17	0:16:21
-..which is commonly spoken -in the east of Africa.	0:16:21	0:16:25
-It's similar to Swahili.	0:16:25	0:16:27
-I know enough to ask for water, -put it that way!	0:16:27	0:16:31
-You said you lived in Cyprus, which -is another interesting country...	0:16:34	0:16:39
-..because of the division.	0:16:39	0:16:41
-Had Turkey taken over the north?	0:16:41	0:16:43
-No. I was there before that. -I lived there from 1967 to 1971.	0:16:44	0:16:48
-Everything changed after that.	0:16:48	0:16:50
-The Greeks left the north of the -island and the Turks left the south.	0:16:51	0:16:55
-A population exchange occurred.	0:16:55	0:16:58
-Few Greeks -live in the north nowadays.	0:16:58	0:17:02
-Wherever you go, -trouble seems to follow.	0:17:03	0:17:06
-No trouble ensued in Caernarfon!	0:17:06	0:17:10
-Caernarfon's safe at the moment!	0:17:11	0:17:13
-Going back to the fact...	0:17:13	0:17:15
-..that the British Council -is celebrating 75 years...	0:17:16	0:17:19
-..how significant -has it been over the years?	0:17:20	0:17:24
-In my opinion, -it's been very significant.	0:17:24	0:17:27
-It always has been very important.	0:17:27	0:17:30
-But it's more work -than what it's worth nowadays...	0:17:30	0:17:34
-..especially when -it comes to teaching English...	0:17:34	0:17:38
-..and English literature.	0:17:38	0:17:42
-They used to earn -more money years ago...	0:17:42	0:17:47
-..and their contracts were better.	0:17:47	0:17:50
-If you worked for -the British Council up until 1990...	0:17:50	0:17:55
-..it was quite prestigious.	0:17:55	0:17:57
-But as far as I can tell -it's changed quite a bit.	0:17:57	0:18:01
-Most people -have short-term contracts...	0:18:01	0:18:04
-..and there's less money around.	0:18:04	0:18:07
-I think they've closed -almost every library overseas.	0:18:07	0:18:13
-Books have -since been replaced by computers.	0:18:13	0:18:19
-From what I see...	0:18:19	0:18:21
-..more young people -are going in and out of it.	0:18:21	0:18:25
-In the old days, someone -would start at 30 years of age...	0:18:25	0:18:30
-..and stay there all his life.	0:18:30	0:18:33
-You've travelled -a fair bit yourself.	0:18:33	0:18:36
-Did you go to France -purely to learn the language?	0:18:36	0:18:41
-I wanted to learn French. That's -why I moved to France for a year.	0:18:42	0:18:46
-I was at university -during the 1960s...	0:18:46	0:18:49
-..and they weren't keen on students -having a year abroad back then.	0:18:49	0:18:54
-The people who were teaching me...	0:18:54	0:18:58
-..couldn't speak French -very well themselves.	0:18:58	0:19:02
-If I was going to leave -with a French degree...	0:19:02	0:19:05
-..I should at least be able -to speak fluent French.	0:19:06	0:19:09
-It was more difficult in those days.	0:19:09	0:19:12
-They weren't keen for me -to go to France...	0:19:12	0:19:15
-..but I went to Lyon for a year...	0:19:15	0:19:18
-..before returning -to finish my degree.	0:19:18	0:19:21
-When you landed in different -countries and travelled around...	0:19:21	0:19:26
-..were things already in place...	0:19:26	0:19:29
-..or did you start -with a clean slate?	0:19:30	0:19:33
-It depends, sometimes -they met you at the airport...	0:19:34	0:19:38
-..escorted you to the hotel -and it was hunky dory.	0:19:38	0:19:41
-It depends which country -you're in and what else is going on.	0:19:41	0:19:46
-Whenever you meet people -who've travelled...	0:19:46	0:19:49
-..you always end up asking them...	0:19:49	0:19:52
-..which is their favourite -and least favourite country.	0:19:52	0:19:56
-I'm happy where I am at the moment. -I love living in Wales.	0:19:56	0:20:00
-You have to say that.	0:20:00	0:20:02
-No, I don't have to but it's true.	0:20:02	0:20:05
-I've lived in many countries.	0:20:05	0:20:07
-If I had to live in one place, -where would I like to live?	0:20:07	0:20:11
-Ethiopia is a great country, -especially up in the mountains.	0:20:11	0:20:16
-Are you fond of Africa in general?	0:20:16	0:20:19
-Yes, I like Africa, -especially Ethiopia.	0:20:19	0:20:22
-That's your favourite place, -but where wouldn't you return to?	0:20:22	0:20:27
-I don't like saying it but -it'd have to be Lagos in Nigeria.	0:20:28	0:20:33
-It was one of -the worst places I've visited.	0:20:33	0:20:36
-There are so many people there -and they all want your money.	0:20:36	0:20:41
-They're always trying to sell you -something or con you in some way.	0:20:41	0:20:45
-I remember leaving there one time -and a person saying to me...	0:20:46	0:20:50
-.."If you want to -get through the airport quickly...	0:20:50	0:20:53
-"..you must bribe people."	0:20:53	0:20:55
-I told him -I didn't have a clue how to do it.	0:20:56	0:20:59
-He told me not to worry and to put -5 or 10 in each of my cases...	0:20:59	0:21:03
-..and I wouldn't need -to say a thing.	0:21:03	0:21:06
-So I got to the airport, the man -opened the case and ushered me on.	0:21:06	0:21:10
-I had no problems.	0:21:11	0:21:12
-Have you ever felt in danger?	0:21:13	0:21:16
-At times, yes.	0:21:17	0:21:19
-My worst experience in Africa was -being stopped by drunken soldiers.	0:21:19	0:21:24
-That sometimes happens, -especially when they have guns.	0:21:24	0:21:28
-I get scared because you -never know what's going to happen.	0:21:28	0:21:33
-It doesn't happen often but I've -encountered it a couple of times.	0:21:33	0:21:38
-The uncertainty at a checkpoint?	0:21:38	0:21:40
-The uncertainty at a checkpoint? - -Yes, that's right.	0:21:40	0:21:42
-I remember working -in Juba, South Sudan.	0:21:42	0:21:45
-I was doing some research work -in a small village called Awiri.	0:21:45	0:21:51
-It was just me and a driver -in a small four-wheel drive.	0:21:51	0:21:56
-It was two o'clock in the afternoon -and the driver said to me...	0:21:56	0:22:00
-.."We must be careful...	0:22:00	0:22:02
-"..because the soldiers -have been drinking all morning...	0:22:02	0:22:06
-"..and they are drunk, -so leave it to me."	0:22:06	0:22:09
-The first checkpoint was just -a piece of cord across the road.	0:22:10	0:22:14
-He said, -"I see the general is here."	0:22:14	0:22:17
-He jumped out -and had a chat with the general.	0:22:17	0:22:20
-Since he was -transporting a white man...	0:22:20	0:22:23
-..he wanted to show him -that everything was above board.	0:22:23	0:22:28
-He had all the necessary papers -and off we went.	0:22:28	0:22:32
-When we came to the cord, there was -a man holding a gun in one hand...	0:22:32	0:22:36
-..and a cigarette in the other.	0:22:37	0:22:41
-The driver put his foot down, -swerved and drove past him.	0:22:41	0:22:45
-I said to him, -"Why didn't you do that last time?	0:22:45	0:22:50
-"Why did you go past this one?"	0:22:51	0:22:53
-"The last ones had guns," he said.	0:22:53	0:22:55
-"But this one had a gun also," -I replied.	0:22:56	0:22:58
-"Ah, yes, -but he had no bullets in it."	0:22:59	0:23:01
-He'd clocked the AK-47...	0:23:03	0:23:05
-..without the magazine attached.	0:23:06	0:23:08
-But that's what really frightens me.	0:23:09	0:23:13
-Drunken soldiers.	0:23:13	0:23:15
-That's the most dangerous thing -in Africa.	0:23:15	0:23:19
-Thank you for joining me.	0:23:19	0:23:21
-Thank you.	0:23:22	0:23:23
-If you've a story to tell, -then why not get in touch?	0:23:23	0:23:28
-There's a platform -for your stories here on S4C.	0:23:28	0:23:32
-Until next time, -from me, John Hardy, goodbye.	0:23:32	0:23:35
-S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.	0:23:54	0:23:56
-.	0:23:56	0:23:56

Pennod 8 Cadw Cwmni gyda John Hardy

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