Draw Dros y Don Canu'r Cymoedd
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-# 'THE MARTYRS OF THE ARENA' - -Laurent de Rille. # | 0:00:00 | 0:00:04 | |
-We Welsh sing our national anthem -with a passion... | 0:00:18 | 0:00:22 | |
-..most notably on match days, -here at the Millennium Stadium. | 0:00:22 | 0:00:28 | |
-Our national arena compares -with the coliseums of the Romans. | 0:00:28 | 0:00:33 | |
-Some musical pieces have the same -emotional and dramatic appeal... | 0:00:34 | 0:00:38 | |
-..as any national anthem. | 0:00:39 | 0:00:41 | |
-'Martyrs Of The Arena' has been a -choral favourite for over a century. | 0:00:41 | 0:00:46 | |
-In Roman times, -Christians were thrown to the lions. | 0:00:55 | 0:00:58 | |
-There was no ref - just an emperor! | 0:00:58 | 0:01:00 | |
-His red card -was a down-turned thumb! | 0:01:01 | 0:01:04 | |
-Today, our international football -and rugby players represent us. | 0:01:05 | 0:01:09 | |
-But at one time, our choirs -represented us throughout the world. | 0:01:09 | 0:01:14 | |
-Audiences would be enthralled -at their operatic choruses. | 0:01:14 | 0:01:19 | |
-The singers took on the roles -of soldiers, sailors and thieves. | 0:01:19 | 0:01:24 | |
-They could also sing -from their hearts like slaves. | 0:01:24 | 0:01:29 | |
-# "VA, PENSIERO (THE CHORUS OF THE -HEBREW SLAVES)" - Giuseppe Verdi. # | 0:01:32 | 0:01:37 | |
-I don't think Verdi ever visited -the Rhondda... | 0:02:17 | 0:02:20 | |
-..but if he had, he would have been -as warmly welcomed in Maerdy... | 0:02:21 | 0:02:25 | |
-..as he was in Milan. | 0:02:25 | 0:02:27 | |
-His operatic choruses appealed -to Wales's industrial workers. | 0:02:27 | 0:02:32 | |
-They were slaves, to some extent, -just like the Hebrews of old. | 0:02:32 | 0:02:36 | |
-But they were ruled by ironmasters -and colliery owners. | 0:02:37 | 0:02:42 | |
-The Welsh male voice choirs formed -when Verdi was in his prime... | 0:02:42 | 0:02:47 | |
-..Victoria was on the throne -in England... | 0:02:47 | 0:02:50 | |
-..and coal was king in Wales. | 0:02:50 | 0:02:53 | |
-Its throne was here in the Rhondda. | 0:02:54 | 0:02:57 | |
-The Valleys began to sing -as soon the first load of coal... | 0:02:57 | 0:03:01 | |
-..left Treherbert's Bute Colliery -in 1855. | 0:03:01 | 0:03:05 | |
-The results were impressive. | 0:03:05 | 0:03:07 | |
-There were fewer than 1,000 people -living in the Rhondda in 1851. | 0:03:07 | 0:03:12 | |
-Within 60 years, -the population was 150,000. | 0:03:12 | 0:03:17 | |
-Most were young, single men. | 0:03:18 | 0:03:20 | |
-They rented a room near the -front door in terraced houses. | 0:03:20 | 0:03:24 | |
-After work, they left -through that front door... | 0:03:24 | 0:03:28 | |
-..to join a rugby team, -a band or a choir. | 0:03:28 | 0:03:31 | |
-The new communities created -in the Rhondda and in the Valleys... | 0:03:32 | 0:03:36 | |
-..in the late 19th century -had several special characteristics. | 0:03:36 | 0:03:41 | |
-The community revolved -around the coalfields. | 0:03:41 | 0:03:45 | |
-During this period, -the coal industry grew rapidly. | 0:03:45 | 0:03:50 | |
-It became a huge industry. | 0:03:51 | 0:03:53 | |
-Many young, single men moved to -the area to work in the coal mines. | 0:03:53 | 0:04:01 | |
-What happened in society mirrored -what happened in the coal industry. | 0:04:01 | 0:04:06 | |
-It was a predominantly male society. | 0:04:07 | 0:04:10 | |
-It was a society -which respected skill. | 0:04:10 | 0:04:13 | |
-Different levels of skills -were required in the coal industry. | 0:04:14 | 0:04:17 | |
-It was an energetic society -which enjoyed a spectacle. | 0:04:18 | 0:04:22 | |
-This was reflected in the way men -congregated in their spare time. | 0:04:23 | 0:04:29 | |
-They formed rugby teams, -football teams and brass bands. | 0:04:30 | 0:04:34 | |
-Competition was an integral part -of society and recreation. | 0:04:35 | 0:04:39 | |
-Competition was a way -of creating a local identity... | 0:04:40 | 0:04:44 | |
-..among the population. | 0:04:44 | 0:04:46 | |
-Brass bands and choirs -competed in eisteddfodau. | 0:04:46 | 0:04:50 | |
-It helped develop -a sense of local identity. | 0:04:50 | 0:04:53 | |
-The first edition of 'Y Cerddor' -in 1889 made references... | 0:04:53 | 0:04:57 | |
-..to male voice choirs in Brynaman, -Gilfach Goch, Cwmafan... | 0:04:57 | 0:05:02 | |
-..Kenfig Hill, Pontycymmer, -Dowlais, Treorchy... | 0:05:02 | 0:05:06 | |
-..Treherbert, Ferndale -and Tylorstown. | 0:05:06 | 0:05:09 | |
-All in coal mining areas, -four of which were in the Rhondda. | 0:05:09 | 0:05:14 | |
-One of the choirs would gain -international recognition. | 0:05:14 | 0:05:18 | |
-CHORAL SINGING | 0:05:18 | 0:05:20 | |
-Rhondda is renowned -for its coal and its choirs. | 0:05:25 | 0:05:27 | |
-In the early 1880s, a group -of young men from Treorchy... | 0:05:28 | 0:05:32 | |
-..would meet and sing here, -in the Red Cow. | 0:05:32 | 0:05:35 | |
-They needed proper -musical leadership. | 0:05:35 | 0:05:38 | |
-They invited a man called -William Thomas to conduct them. | 0:05:38 | 0:05:42 | |
-Thomas had sung with Caradog's -choir and he was teetotal. | 0:05:42 | 0:05:46 | |
-He agreed to conduct them -if they left the pub... | 0:05:46 | 0:05:50 | |
-..and followed him -to Glyncoli Road schoolhouse. | 0:05:50 | 0:05:54 | |
-Amazingly, Treorchy Male Voice Choir -still rehearse there twice a week. | 0:05:54 | 0:06:00 | |
-# On the breeze -a sound is stealing... | 0:06:01 | 0:06:06 | |
-'Comrades In Arms' -was the first piece they learned. | 0:06:06 | 0:06:10 | |
-They sang it -in their first eisteddfod - and won. | 0:06:10 | 0:06:14 | |
-Caradog was the adjudicator. | 0:06:14 | 0:06:16 | |
-It is still a favourite -with male voice choirs. | 0:06:16 | 0:06:19 | |
-# Let no clamour broadly peeling, | 0:06:20 | 0:06:27 | |
-# Disturb the strain melodious. | 0:06:28 | 0:06:36 | |
-# Companions now in arms, | 0:06:36 | 0:06:42 | |
-# Comrades, comrades, | 0:06:42 | 0:06:45 | |
-# Companions in arms. | 0:06:46 | 0:06:50 | |
-The rivalry between neighbouring -villages was the most fierce. | 0:06:51 | 0:06:54 | |
-Major battles were fought -when Treorchy came up against... | 0:06:55 | 0:06:59 | |
-..Ton Pentre, Ystrad -and the Rhondda Glee Men. | 0:06:59 | 0:07:03 | |
-They worked together in harmony -under ground. | 0:07:03 | 0:07:07 | |
-At important eisteddfodau, -when local pride was at stake... | 0:07:07 | 0:07:11 | |
-..there was little love lost. | 0:07:11 | 0:07:13 | |
-On one occasion, -the Rhondda Glee Men... | 0:07:13 | 0:07:16 | |
-..attacked the Treorchy -Male Voice Choir... | 0:07:16 | 0:07:19 | |
-..as they left an eisteddfod -in Porth. | 0:07:19 | 0:07:22 | |
-# Our arms we raise, -our arms we raise. | 0:07:22 | 0:07:26 | |
-# Should discord -bring her arms around us, | 0:07:27 | 0:07:30 | |
-# All foes invade... | 0:07:30 | 0:07:36 | |
-With local pride evident -in their choirs... | 0:07:36 | 0:07:39 | |
-..rousing choruses -bred fierce competition. | 0:07:39 | 0:07:43 | |
-# Guide us and aid... | 0:07:43 | 0:07:49 | |
-Crowds of 15,000 would sit or stand -for four to five hours... | 0:07:50 | 0:07:55 | |
-..listening to a choral competition. | 0:07:56 | 0:07:58 | |
-When Treorchy triumphed at -the National Eisteddfod in 1895... | 0:07:58 | 0:08:03 | |
-..Sir Joseph Barnaby of London's -Royal Choral Society announced... | 0:08:03 | 0:08:08 | |
-..that it was the finest singing -he had ever heard. | 0:08:08 | 0:08:11 | |
-That performance earned the choir -a Royal Command... | 0:08:11 | 0:08:15 | |
-..to sing for Queen Victoria -at Windsor Castle... | 0:08:15 | 0:08:19 | |
-..a few months later. | 0:08:19 | 0:08:21 | |
-Twenty years earlier, -thanks to Caradog's great choir... | 0:08:21 | 0:08:26 | |
-..Valleys' singing had astonished -listeners at the Crystal Palace. | 0:08:26 | 0:08:30 | |
-Now, thanks -to William Thomas's choir... | 0:08:31 | 0:08:33 | |
-..a similar impression was made -at Buckingham Palace. | 0:08:34 | 0:08:38 | |
-Treorchy were the first choir -to sing for the Queen... | 0:08:38 | 0:08:42 | |
-..but the Glee Men -were fiercely proud... | 0:08:42 | 0:08:45 | |
-..of the feat they had achieved -two years earlier. | 0:08:45 | 0:08:49 | |
-When the Glee Men beat Treorchy... | 0:08:53 | 0:08:55 | |
-..at the National Eisteddfod -in Pontypridd in 1893... | 0:08:56 | 0:08:59 | |
-..they received a prize far greater -than a trophy or a baton. | 0:09:00 | 0:09:04 | |
-They received tickets to sail -to the World Fair in Chicago. | 0:09:04 | 0:09:10 | |
-The World Fair -was a huge exhibition... | 0:09:11 | 0:09:14 | |
-..of the latest in technology, -industry and the arts. | 0:09:14 | 0:09:19 | |
-The Glee Men showcased -Welsh culture at its finest... | 0:09:20 | 0:09:23 | |
-..on an international stage. | 0:09:24 | 0:09:26 | |
-The National Eisteddfod had been -in existence for the past 40 years. | 0:09:27 | 0:09:31 | |
-Choral singing played an integral -part in the Eisteddfod's culture. | 0:09:31 | 0:09:36 | |
-It felt like they were taking an -international team out of Wales... | 0:09:37 | 0:09:41 | |
-..to participate in these Olympics. | 0:09:41 | 0:09:44 | |
-They were very aware of this. | 0:09:44 | 0:09:46 | |
-They were performing in front -of nations from around the world. | 0:09:46 | 0:09:50 | |
-They wanted to create -a good impression. | 0:09:50 | 0:09:53 | |
-Although they weren't part -of a large nation... | 0:09:53 | 0:09:56 | |
-..they wanted to show -that it was a special nation. | 0:09:56 | 0:09:59 | |
-For the first time, Welsh culture -was put on a world stage. | 0:10:00 | 0:10:04 | |
-It was as if the Welsh rugby team -played in the World Cup. | 0:10:04 | 0:10:07 | |
-# Fly with them -to meet the foe before ye, | 0:10:08 | 0:10:10 | |
-# Be true and brave -and win the fight, | 0:10:11 | 0:10:14 | |
-# Be true and brave -and win the fight, | 0:10:14 | 0:10:18 | |
-# Be true and brave -and win the fight. | 0:10:19 | 0:10:23 | |
-Two other choirs joined the Glee -Men on the voyage to America. | 0:10:25 | 0:10:30 | |
-The Penrhyn Male Voice Choir -from Bethesda... | 0:10:30 | 0:10:33 | |
-..and Madam Clara Novello Davies's -Welsh women's choir. | 0:10:33 | 0:10:38 | |
-This was a huge adventure for most. | 0:10:38 | 0:10:41 | |
-Many had never been further -than Cardiff or Liverpool. | 0:10:41 | 0:10:45 | |
-But they knew that Welsh choirs -had made their mark in London. | 0:10:45 | 0:10:50 | |
-This was an opportunity to make -an impression on the world stage. | 0:10:50 | 0:10:55 | |
-# Win the fight, win the fight, | 0:10:55 | 0:10:58 | |
-# Comrades, comrades in arms, | 0:10:58 | 0:11:00 | |
-# Comrades in arms. # | 0:11:00 | 0:11:09 | |
-888 | 0:11:15 | 0:11:15 | |
-888 - -888 | 0:11:15 | 0:11:17 | |
-In 1893, a ship packed with -Welsh singers arrived in the USA. | 0:11:20 | 0:11:26 | |
-They were there for the World Fair. | 0:11:26 | 0:11:29 | |
-This is where they came - Chicago. | 0:11:29 | 0:11:32 | |
-In 1893, it was home -to almost two million people. | 0:11:32 | 0:11:35 | |
-It was America's -second largest city... | 0:11:36 | 0:11:38 | |
-..Poland's second largest city, -and Germany's fifth largest city. | 0:11:39 | 0:11:43 | |
-And then there were -the Irish, the Italians... | 0:11:43 | 0:11:46 | |
-..the Russians, -the Hungarians and the Welsh. | 0:11:46 | 0:11:49 | |
-The Fair was meant to present -an united Chicago to the world. | 0:11:49 | 0:11:52 | |
-The Welsh wanted to contribute -to that idea. | 0:11:53 | 0:11:56 | |
-The 12,000-strong Welsh community -decided to hold an eisteddfod... | 0:11:56 | 0:12:00 | |
-..to show that they were Welsh -and American. | 0:12:00 | 0:12:03 | |
-This would be an opportunity -for the Welsh exiles in Chicago... | 0:12:09 | 0:12:14 | |
-..to show Americans -Welsh culture at its best. | 0:12:14 | 0:12:17 | |
-There was only a handful of them. | 0:12:18 | 0:12:21 | |
-The Welsh in Chicago made up -less than 1% of its population. | 0:12:21 | 0:12:26 | |
-But when they heard that the World -Fair was coming to Chicago... | 0:12:26 | 0:12:31 | |
-..they decided to form fellowships. | 0:12:31 | 0:12:34 | |
-They wanted to let Chicago know -that they were there... | 0:12:34 | 0:12:38 | |
-..and that they had a culture -to celebrate. | 0:12:38 | 0:12:40 | |
-For the miners and the quarrymen, -this truly was a new world. | 0:12:44 | 0:12:49 | |
-This world was totally different -to the one familiar to them. | 0:12:50 | 0:12:57 | |
-In the 19th century, Chicago grew -to be America's second largest city. | 0:12:57 | 0:13:05 | |
-From the middle -of the century onwards... | 0:13:05 | 0:13:08 | |
-..the population set about -building a new, modern city. | 0:13:08 | 0:13:12 | |
-They had skyscrapers and trams. | 0:13:12 | 0:13:15 | |
-The first skyscrapers -were built in Chicago. | 0:13:16 | 0:13:19 | |
-The skyline was enough to frighten -the vertically challenged! | 0:13:19 | 0:13:24 | |
-It was only a village -50 years earlier... | 0:13:30 | 0:13:33 | |
-..but as the railways expanded, -the population grew to a million. | 0:13:33 | 0:13:38 | |
-It was the archetypal -grand civic centre. | 0:13:38 | 0:13:43 | |
-Arriving in Chicago must have -been an exciting experience... | 0:13:43 | 0:13:48 | |
-..for the visitors from the Rhondda. | 0:13:48 | 0:13:51 | |
-This is where the World Fair -and the Eisteddfod were held... | 0:13:54 | 0:13:59 | |
-..about six or seven miles -south of the city. | 0:13:59 | 0:14:02 | |
-We're on the Midway presence - -the renowned South Side. | 0:14:02 | 0:14:06 | |
-This is the University of Chicago, -where I once studied and lived. | 0:14:06 | 0:14:12 | |
-At the time, I didn't know how -influential the Welsh had been here. | 0:14:12 | 0:14:17 | |
-After a serious fire, which -almost destroyed Chicago in 1871... | 0:14:17 | 0:14:23 | |
-..the Fair would recreate -civic identity and national pride. | 0:14:23 | 0:14:29 | |
-The purpose of the Fair -was to exhibit and celebrate... | 0:14:30 | 0:14:35 | |
-..America's superiority in the world -of trade, technology and industry. | 0:14:35 | 0:14:43 | |
-They built a complete city -to host the Fair. | 0:14:43 | 0:14:47 | |
-It was called the White City. | 0:14:47 | 0:14:49 | |
-This area alone -measured 1,000 acres. | 0:14:50 | 0:14:56 | |
-It consisted of buildings -that were admired... | 0:14:56 | 0:15:00 | |
-..and talked about around the world. | 0:15:00 | 0:15:03 | |
-The Welsh in Chicago had a deep -understanding... | 0:15:05 | 0:15:08 | |
-..of their significance -within the United States. | 0:15:10 | 0:15:11 | |
-They saw the eisteddfod -as a perfect opportunity... | 0:15:11 | 0:15:15 | |
-..to show off their importance... | 0:15:15 | 0:15:18 | |
-..among the nations -of the United States. | 0:15:18 | 0:15:21 | |
-They persuaded -the World Fair's authorities... | 0:15:22 | 0:15:28 | |
-..to hold a grand eisteddfod. | 0:15:28 | 0:15:32 | |
-Each nation represented at the Fair -was allocated a day... | 0:15:33 | 0:15:40 | |
-..to showcase its culture. | 0:15:40 | 0:15:42 | |
-Wales was given four! | 0:15:42 | 0:15:44 | |
-That was the eisteddfod. | 0:15:45 | 0:15:47 | |
-It was an opportunity -to show how Wales could sing. | 0:15:47 | 0:15:51 | |
-All the publicity was channelled -towards the choral competitions. | 0:15:51 | 0:15:58 | |
-27,000,000 people visited the Fair. | 0:16:06 | 0:16:10 | |
-That was around a quarter -of America's population at the time. | 0:16:10 | 0:16:15 | |
-40,000 of the visitors -were Welsh Americans. | 0:16:15 | 0:16:18 | |
-The choral competitions -were the main attraction. | 0:16:18 | 0:16:23 | |
-The choirs from Pittsburgh, -Wilkesbury... | 0:16:24 | 0:16:27 | |
-..Edwardsville in Pennsylvania, -Salt Lake City and Iowa... | 0:16:27 | 0:16:31 | |
-..all had Welsh connections. | 0:16:32 | 0:16:34 | |
-The Welsh representatives -were the quarrymen of Penrhyn... | 0:16:34 | 0:16:38 | |
-..and the miners of the Rhondda. | 0:16:38 | 0:16:41 | |
-What better set piece -than a song written... | 0:16:42 | 0:16:45 | |
-..by the composer -from Merthyr Tydfil, Joseph Parry? | 0:16:45 | 0:16:51 | |
-# "THE PILGRIM'S CHORUS" - -Joseph Parry. # | 0:16:52 | 0:16:55 | |
-'The Pilgrim's Chorus' illustrated -Joseph Parry's ability... | 0:16:55 | 0:16:59 | |
-..of composing choral pieces for -Welsh choirs and their audiences... | 0:17:00 | 0:17:04 | |
-..that would be popular -on both sides of the Atlantic. | 0:17:04 | 0:17:08 | |
-In Wales, -choirs had a global outlook. | 0:17:08 | 0:17:11 | |
-The coal, extracted by the Rhondda -Glee Men... | 0:17:12 | 0:17:16 | |
-The coal, extracted by the Rhondda -Glee Men... - -..from the depths of the earth... | 0:17:16 | 0:17:16 | |
-..from the depths of the earth... | 0:17:16 | 0:17:18 | |
-..from the depths of the earth... - -..was an important element -of the world's economy. | 0:17:18 | 0:17:19 | |
-..was an important element -of the world's economy. | 0:17:19 | 0:17:22 | |
-There was great anticipation -in the Fair... | 0:17:22 | 0:17:25 | |
-..particularly among those in the -Festival Hall for the choral event.. | 0:17:25 | 0:17:30 | |
-..of the performance -of Welsh choirs. | 0:17:30 | 0:17:33 | |
-What did Welsh choirs -have to offer world culture? | 0:17:33 | 0:17:37 | |
-The answer was - enough to win. | 0:17:38 | 0:17:40 | |
-The Penrhyn choir blamed -the Windy City for blowing away... | 0:17:42 | 0:17:45 | |
-..their accompanist's copy -of the music. | 0:17:45 | 0:17:48 | |
-The Rhondda boys claimed the Penrhyn -choir sounded flat well before that! | 0:17:48 | 0:17:52 | |
-The Glee Men emerged victorious. | 0:17:52 | 0:17:55 | |
-The Glee Men had confirmed Wales's -reputation as the Land of Song. | 0:18:11 | 0:18:15 | |
-After the highs of Chicago... | 0:18:16 | 0:18:18 | |
-..they returned -to the reality of the coalface... | 0:18:18 | 0:18:21 | |
-..to meet the global demand -for the coal... | 0:18:21 | 0:18:23 | |
-..that was exported -from Cardiff Docks. | 0:18:24 | 0:18:26 | |
-This was the city's golden age. It -was known as the Chicago of Wales. | 0:18:26 | 0:18:31 | |
-It had impressive imperial-looking -buildings at Cathays Park. | 0:18:31 | 0:18:36 | |
-In their time, -they were as imposing... | 0:18:36 | 0:18:38 | |
-..as any of -the Bay's cutting-edge buildings... | 0:18:39 | 0:18:42 | |
-..which reflect the current -confidence within Wales. | 0:18:42 | 0:18:46 | |
-In keeping with the sense -of self-importance in Cardiff... | 0:18:48 | 0:18:53 | |
-..was this great concert hall - -the Park Hall. | 0:18:53 | 0:18:58 | |
-It could hold an audience of 2,000. | 0:18:58 | 0:19:01 | |
-Here, in 1903, an international male -voice choir competition was held. | 0:19:01 | 0:19:06 | |
-17 choirs competed. | 0:19:06 | 0:19:08 | |
-The adjudicator was -Monsieur Laurent de Rille... | 0:19:09 | 0:19:13 | |
-..composer of the eternal favourite -- 'The Martyrs of the Arena'. | 0:19:13 | 0:19:17 | |
-At the end of the afternoon... | 0:19:17 | 0:19:20 | |
-..Monsieur de Rille invited the six -victorious choirs on to the stage... | 0:19:20 | 0:19:25 | |
-..to sing -'The Martyrs of the Arena'. | 0:19:25 | 0:19:28 | |
-The Frenchman expressed -his astonishment... | 0:19:29 | 0:19:32 | |
-..that men who had given -their all in the mines... | 0:19:32 | 0:19:36 | |
-..regained their strength -by singing. | 0:19:36 | 0:19:39 | |
-Not even the smoke of the Rhondda -could stifle their love of music. | 0:19:39 | 0:19:44 | |
-It was not unusual -for a leading European musician... | 0:19:45 | 0:19:49 | |
-..to visit Cardiff during this time. | 0:19:49 | 0:19:52 | |
-In the years before the overseas -market for Welsh coal collapsed... | 0:19:52 | 0:19:57 | |
-..Cardiff was one -of the world's most important ports. | 0:19:57 | 0:20:01 | |
-It was on a par with Hamburg, -Marseilles and Chicago. | 0:20:01 | 0:20:06 | |
-Its architecture was striking. | 0:20:06 | 0:20:08 | |
-Its commercial life never waned. | 0:20:08 | 0:20:11 | |
-It had a wide range -of popular entertainment... | 0:20:11 | 0:20:15 | |
-..from sport to early cinema. | 0:20:15 | 0:20:17 | |
-One of the earliest cowboy films -inspired our choirs. | 0:20:17 | 0:20:23 | |
-# We'll cross -the redman's wild domain. # | 0:20:26 | 0:20:34 | |
-New markets, a new culture. | 0:20:35 | 0:20:38 | |
-This was music -which spoke of desert lands. | 0:20:38 | 0:20:41 | |
-Our choirs now sang -about the prairies. | 0:20:41 | 0:20:45 | |
-This was a modern, progressive -forward-looking society. | 0:20:45 | 0:20:50 | |
-The powerful chorus -of Maldwyn Price's composition... | 0:20:50 | 0:20:54 | |
-..'Crossing The Plain', illustrated -how the choral tradition... | 0:20:54 | 0:20:58 | |
-..could adapt to the new, -popular culture of its day. | 0:20:58 | 0:21:02 | |
-# To hunt white men by day or night, | 0:21:03 | 0:21:07 | |
-# To take their scalps -is his delight, | 0:21:07 | 0:21:11 | |
-# To take their scalps -is his delight. | 0:21:11 | 0:21:15 | |
-# To take their scalps -is his delight. | 0:21:15 | 0:21:19 | |
-# Who in his wigwam stirs his bow, | 0:21:19 | 0:21:23 | |
-# His quiver filling forth to go. | 0:21:23 | 0:21:27 | |
-# To hunt white men by day or night, | 0:21:27 | 0:21:30 | |
-# To take their scalps -is his delight. | 0:21:31 | 0:21:34 | |
-# To hunt white men... # | 0:21:34 | 0:21:36 | |
-The golden age of choral singing... | 0:21:36 | 0:21:39 | |
-..happened as a result of -the Industrial Revolution in Wales. | 0:21:39 | 0:21:43 | |
-This was the backdrop -for the growth of our choirs. | 0:21:44 | 0:21:47 | |
-It also helped people challenge and -overcome their grim surroundings. | 0:21:47 | 0:21:52 | |
-They created beauty in a place -where there was so little. | 0:21:53 | 0:21:57 | |
-# To hunt white men by day or night, | 0:21:58 | 0:22:01 | |
-# To take their scalps -is his delight. # | 0:22:01 | 0:22:04 | |
-But the good days did not last. | 0:22:08 | 0:22:12 | |
-After the First World War, -in the '20s and '30s... | 0:22:12 | 0:22:15 | |
-..the valleys of south Wales -would suffer... | 0:22:16 | 0:22:19 | |
-..economic uncertainty -and mass unemployment. | 0:22:19 | 0:22:21 | |
-You would not expect -an enthusiasm for singing... | 0:22:22 | 0:22:26 | |
-..in such circumstances. | 0:22:26 | 0:22:28 | |
-But that was not the case - -by a long shot... | 0:22:28 | 0:22:32 | |
-..as we'll find out next week. | 0:22:32 | 0:22:35 | |
-# We'll sing the carols of the free. | 0:22:35 | 0:22:41 | |
-# In weal or woe, where'er we be, | 0:22:44 | 0:22:51 | |
-# We'll sing -the carols of the free. # | 0:22:51 | 0:22:59 | |
| 0:22:59 | 0:23:01 |