Geraint Talfan Davies ‹ Cyfres 1

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-As children, -we only think of the future.	0:00:24	0:00:29
-We expect all our relatives -to live forever...	0:00:29	0:00:32
-..to fill in the gaps of the past.	0:00:33	0:00:35
-It's only after -they've left this world...	0:00:35	0:00:38
-..that we realize how much of our -personal history is lost with them.	0:00:38	0:00:43
-Uncle Idris died in his nineties -in the year 2000.	0:00:43	0:00:48
-All that remains of him are a few -boxes of photographs and documents.	0:00:48	0:00:54
-And a diary that he gave me -just before his death.	0:00:56	0:01:01
-It recounts the story of a momentous -year in a young man's life.	0:01:02	0:01:07
-A year where Idris -came face-to-face...	0:01:07	0:01:10
-..with one of Adolf Hitler's -right-hand men...	0:01:10	0:01:14
-..and the mysterious death -of a close friend.	0:01:14	0:01:17
-What drove Idris to return -to his old diary in his old age?	0:01:29	0:01:33
-To type his handwritten -English words...	0:01:33	0:01:37
-..and bind it so meticulously?	0:01:37	0:01:40
-Was it something -to fill the empty hours?	0:01:40	0:01:43
-Nostalgia?	0:01:43	0:01:45
-Or was it an unresolved story?	0:01:45	0:01:48
-Eighty years later, I've come -to Berlin to find some answers.	0:01:49	0:01:55
-Idris Morgan came to Berlin in 1933 -as an employee of Barclays Bank...	0:02:02	0:02:07
-..for a twelve-month exchange -with Dresdner Bank...	0:02:08	0:02:11
-..one of Germany's -largest banking corporations.	0:02:11	0:02:15
-He was a 27-year-old bachelor.	0:02:15	0:02:18
-The city was a far cry from Penmark -in the Vale of Glamorgan.	0:02:21	0:02:26
-It was a great leap...	0:02:26	0:02:28
-..from Barry's narrow streets -to Berlin's boulevards.	0:02:28	0:02:32
-He only travelled -a few hundred miles...	0:02:32	0:02:35
-..but arrived -in a totally different world.	0:02:36	0:02:39
-Berlin was a trendy -and fashionable city...	0:02:42	0:02:45
-..nowhere more so than the clubs -and cafes around the Kurfurstendamm.	0:02:45	0:02:50
-But this hedonistic city...	0:02:51	0:02:53
-..was now facing the might -of the Nazis.	0:02:53	0:02:57
-In January 1933, -Hitler was appointed chancellor...	0:02:59	0:03:02
-..as part of a fragile coalition.	0:03:02	0:03:05
-Despite his power, -there were frustrations.	0:03:05	0:03:08
-There were rumours of an uprising -amid Nazi ranks...	0:03:09	0:03:13
-..and mounting tension -between Hitler and Ernst Rohm...	0:03:13	0:03:17
-..head of the Nazi paramilitaries, -the SA.	0:03:18	0:03:21
-The following twelve months -would prove critical for both men.	0:03:21	0:03:26
-It was to this situation -in September 1933...	0:03:33	0:03:37
-..that the young, shy, studious man -reached the Dresdner Bank...	0:03:37	0:03:43
-..at Depka 54.	0:03:43	0:03:45
-This is where he would spend -the majority of that year.	0:03:45	0:03:49
-It was an ordinary job...	0:03:49	0:03:51
-..but it was no ordinary workplace -and these were no ordinary times.	0:03:51	0:03:55
-"The Depka was closed -from 12.45pm until 2.00pm...	0:03:56	0:04:00
-"..while Hitler made his speech -from the Siemens factory.	0:04:00	0:04:04
-"Wireless was installed -to broadcast the speech.	0:04:04	0:04:07
-"There was one minute's silence -at 1.00pm.	0:04:08	0:04:11
-"All work stopped for one hour -so everyone could hear the speech."	0:04:11	0:04:16
-What do I care of the intelligentsia -or the middle classes?	0:04:16	0:04:21
-What do I care of the proletariat?	0:04:21	0:04:24
-My only concern -is the German people, my race.	0:04:24	0:04:28
-The nation I fight for.	0:04:29	0:04:30
-And on 12 November...	0:04:30	0:04:33
-..the world will see the German -people in all their glory!	0:04:33	0:04:37
-CHEERING AND APPLAUSE	0:04:37	0:04:39
-I've come to the bank's -present headquarters...	0:04:42	0:04:45
-..to see if there is any evidence -of Idris's time in the city.	0:04:45	0:04:50
-Professor Johannes Baehr, an -authority on the bank's history...	0:04:50	0:04:54
-..has something to show me.	0:04:55	0:04:57
-That is incredible, isn't it?	0:04:57	0:04:59
-It really is, after 80 years.	0:05:00	0:05:03
-John-Idris Morgan.	0:05:04	0:05:05
-They've even given him a hyphen!	0:05:05	0:05:08
-Born in 1906.	0:05:08	0:05:12
-What do we have here?	0:05:13	0:05:14
-Oh, it's his photograph.	0:05:15	0:05:17
-This is the first piece of evidence -of Idris's presence in Berlin...	0:05:18	0:05:23
-..apart from the diary, of course.	0:05:24	0:05:27
-He has written a synopsis -of his life and career.	0:05:31	0:05:35
-"Born 25 January 1906 at Pontyclun.	0:05:35	0:05:38
-"My family moved to Barry in 1911.	0:05:39	0:05:41
-"I entered Barry County School, -leaving it in 1922...	0:05:42	0:05:46
-"..with a matriculation certificate -of the Central Welsh Board...	0:05:46	0:05:51
-"..senior school examination."	0:05:51	0:05:53
-It's the handwriting I recognize.	0:05:54	0:05:56
-Frankly, it's more legible -on this form...	0:05:57	0:06:00
-..than on some of the letters -he wrote to me.	0:06:00	0:06:03
-And there's a list -of other questions he had to answer.	0:06:05	0:06:09
-There's a word -at the bottom. "Arier".	0:06:09	0:06:13
-What is "Arier"?	0:06:13	0:06:16
-Every Dresdner Bank employee...	0:06:16	0:06:19
-..had to declare -if he was a Jew or non-Jew.	0:06:20	0:06:25
-Every member of staff would have -to answer that question...	0:06:26	0:06:30
-..although I notice -that Idris has not answered it.	0:06:30	0:06:34
-Idris did not have to answer.	0:06:34	0:06:36
-As a British citizen, -he could avoid it.	0:06:36	0:06:39
-He may have got away with it. -Others didn't.	0:06:40	0:06:43
-During this period...	0:06:43	0:06:45
-..anti-Semitic messages were -increasingly frequent and explicit.	0:06:45	0:06:50
-This blatant propaganda was designed -to instil suspicion and fear.	0:06:50	0:06:55
-It's hard to say -how this affected Idris.	0:06:57	0:07:00
-But like many German people -at that time...	0:07:00	0:07:04
-..he sought the path -of least resistance.	0:07:04	0:07:07
-"Have given notice to Fraulein Heise -that I would leave Pension Enslin.	0:07:07	0:07:12
-"I want to live with a family -in order to talk more German.	0:07:13	0:07:17
-"A Jewish member of staff suggested -I live with a Jewish lady...	0:07:17	0:07:21
-"..who has an apartment -near the Tiergarten.	0:07:22	0:07:26
-"Such a move would be inadvisable -in the present climate of opinion...	0:07:26	0:07:31
-"..so I put him off."	0:07:32	0:07:34
-It's easy to excuse -Idris's nervous response.	0:07:37	0:07:40
-After all, he was a young man -in a foreign country.	0:07:40	0:07:44
-Knowing that a relative of mine -had reached such a decision...	0:07:44	0:07:49
-..makes me feel uncomfortable.	0:07:49	0:07:52
-Idris finally chose to live -on Wurttembergische Strasse...	0:07:55	0:08:00
-..a stone's throw from the bank.	0:08:00	0:08:02
-He lodged with a family...	0:08:02	0:08:05
-..in the same block as colleague -Fritz Sommer and his wife, Anny.	0:08:05	0:08:11
-I'm in the affluent -Wilmersdorf district...	0:08:17	0:08:21
-..to find the building that was -home to Idris and the Sommers.	0:08:21	0:08:26
-This is the address...	0:08:27	0:08:29
-..but the modern apartment block -is obviously not the same building.	0:08:29	0:08:35
-I'm feeling frustrated...	0:08:35	0:08:37
-..but I suspect that is inevitable -in a city with such a history.	0:08:38	0:08:42
-I've come to the Landesarchiv, -the city archives...	0:08:44	0:08:47
-..in the hope of finding -images of the street.	0:08:48	0:08:51
-Historian Michael Bienert -has been searching the records.	0:08:52	0:08:56
-What have you got now?	0:08:57	0:08:58
-These are the original plans -for Wurttembergische Strasse 27-8.	0:08:59	0:09:03
-Oh, look at this.	0:09:08	0:09:10
-Isn't that wonderful?	0:09:10	0:09:12
-It's fantastic.	0:09:13	0:09:15
-It's truly wonderful -and much better than a photograph!	0:09:15	0:09:19
-It's interesting -that there was a social order...	0:09:19	0:09:23
-..within the apartment block.	0:09:23	0:09:26
-The most desirable apartments -were on the first floor.	0:09:26	0:09:30
-This is where the rich lived.	0:09:30	0:09:34
-The higher you go, -the lower the rent.	0:09:34	0:09:38
-You get a social mix -in a block like this.	0:09:38	0:09:40
-The Sommers lived on the top floor -which would have been cheaper.	0:09:41	0:09:45
-Yes, the flats on the top floor -were the cheapest.	0:09:45	0:09:49
-The plans show the number of stairs -they had to climb.	0:09:50	0:09:53
-Whilst in his new home...	0:09:56	0:09:59
-..Idris grew closer -to Fritz and Anny Sommer...	0:09:59	0:10:02
-..and their 21-year-old daughter, -Gerda.	0:10:02	0:10:07
-The beautiful and fun-loving Gerda -was my uncle's guide to Berlin.	0:10:10	0:10:15
-She introduced him to the city -and all its attractions.	0:10:16	0:10:20
-"18 November.	0:10:20	0:10:22
-"Took Fraulein Sommer to the dance -of the Dresdner Bank Sportverein.	0:10:22	0:10:28
-"She persuaded me to go on to -Cafe Roesch on the Kurfurstendamm...	0:10:28	0:10:33
-"..where we met Herr Kuley -and his friends.	0:10:33	0:10:36
-"I eventually reached home -at 4.30am!"	0:10:36	0:10:39
-I can remember Idris -in his later years...	0:10:40	0:10:44
-..as a rather formal man.	0:10:44	0:10:46
-It's a bit of shock to read that -in the run-up to Christmas 1933...	0:10:46	0:10:51
-..that Idris regularly stayed out -into the early hours...	0:10:51	0:10:55
-..attending parties with Gerda -and her best friend, Hilde Wittke.	0:10:55	0:11:00
-They often partied until dawn!	0:11:02	0:11:05
-As the year drew to a close...	0:11:06	0:11:08
-..Idris's friendship -with the Sommers deepened.	0:11:08	0:11:12
-The diary makes it clear that the -family had taken a shine to him.	0:11:12	0:11:16
-"At midday, -Gerda Sommer called at the bank...	0:11:16	0:11:19
-"..and we arranged to meet -in the evening.	0:11:20	0:11:22
-"We had coffee at Cafe Kranzler -and bought chocolates and stockings.	0:11:23	0:11:27
-"Afterwards, I bought -an extra suitcase for myself...	0:11:28	0:11:31
-"..some cognac and cigarettes.	0:11:31	0:11:34
-"After dinner, I visited the Sommers -with my offerings.	0:11:34	0:11:38
-"I also took the book of Welsh songs -I had from my sister, Mary...	0:11:38	0:11:43
-"..and we had some music."	0:11:43	0:11:45
-This was a happy time for Idris.	0:11:46	0:11:48
-I suspect the Sommers represented -the family unit he'd never had.	0:11:48	0:11:53
-His sister, Alys, -died when he was four.	0:11:53	0:11:57
-Two years later...	0:11:57	0:11:58
-..his mother died whilst -giving birth to my mother, Mary.	0:11:59	0:12:03
-He then followed his father from -one failed business to the next.	0:12:04	0:12:09
-It was a lost childhood.	0:12:09	0:12:12
-I wonder if Idris found himself -a place to call home...	0:12:15	0:12:19
-..with the Sommers in Berlin.	0:12:19	0:12:21
-But Christmas 1933 was the last -Christmas they would be together...	0:12:22	0:12:27
-..before tragedy struck.	0:12:27	0:12:29
-Life for the Sommers, and Idris too, -would never be the same again.	0:12:29	0:12:35
-.	0:12:41	0:12:42
-Subtitles	0:12:43	0:12:43
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:12:43	0:12:45
-The new year enabled Idris -to spend a few days...	0:12:48	0:12:52
-..at the prestigious headquarters -of the Dresdner Bank.	0:12:52	0:12:57
-Today, it's a five-star hotel.	0:12:57	0:13:00
-Despite heavy bombing -during World War II...	0:13:03	0:13:07
-..much of the original building -has survived.	0:13:07	0:13:10
-The banking hall in the heart of the -building is the most lavish feature.	0:13:10	0:13:16
-This is the historical part.	0:13:18	0:13:20
-Was this a balcony -or were these arches here before?	0:13:20	0:13:23
-It was open, and you can imagine -the director walking around.	0:13:24	0:13:28
-Looking at the money coming in.	0:13:28	0:13:31
-That's exactly what was going on.	0:13:31	0:13:34
-Despite its grand facade...	0:13:34	0:13:36
-..in the early 1930s...	0:13:36	0:13:38
-..the bank had to be rescued -following the financial crash.	0:13:39	0:13:44
-But by 1933, state support -entailed another price to pay.	0:13:45	0:13:50
-Over the next few years, over 500 -Jewish members of staff were sacked.	0:13:51	0:13:57
-The effect of Nazi propaganda -spread far beyond the workplace.	0:13:59	0:14:05
-"Went with the Sommers -to the Bockbierfest at Cafe Berg.	0:14:05	0:14:09
-"I thought it pleasant.	0:14:09	0:14:11
-"However, Frau Sommer was upset -and did not want to go there again.	0:14:11	0:14:15
-"She was convinced it was a nest -of Jews and anti-Nazis.	0:14:16	0:14:20
-"I was surprised at this.	0:14:20	0:14:22
-"I did not think the Sommers were -supporters of the Hitler party."	0:14:22	0:14:27
-The new year brought other tensions.	0:14:32	0:14:35
-Fritz and Anny -grew increasingly worried...	0:14:35	0:14:38
-..about Gerda and Hilde Wittke's -endless partying.	0:14:39	0:14:42
-"The Sommers confided in me...	0:14:42	0:14:44
-"..about the difficulties -they were having with Gerda.	0:14:45	0:14:49
-"Herr Sommer got worked up -and left at 1.30am...	0:14:49	0:14:53
-"..to look for Gerda and Hilde.	0:14:53	0:14:55
-"He came back with them -in a nasty temper."	0:14:55	0:14:59
-Gerda couldn't afford -to lead this lifestyle.	0:15:00	0:15:03
-She didn't have a job.	0:15:03	0:15:05
-This could explain -the host of men in her orbit.	0:15:05	0:15:10
-I knew Idris as a very proper man...	0:15:11	0:15:14
-..so I can't imagine that -he approved of Gerda's lifestyle.	0:15:14	0:15:18
-Nevertheless, he lent her money...	0:15:19	0:15:21
-..so she could catch the train -to Leipzig with Hilde...	0:15:21	0:15:25
-..unbeknown to her parents.	0:15:25	0:15:27
-"I must not get mixed up...	0:15:27	0:15:29
-"..in her complicated relations -with her parents.	0:15:30	0:15:33
-"Perhaps I ought not to have -given her the money.	0:15:34	0:15:37
-"But she can be persuasive and uses -her looks to her own advantage."	0:15:37	0:15:43
-As the spring became -an exceptionally hot summer...	0:15:53	0:15:57
-..Idris's relationship -with Fritz and Anny blossomed.	0:15:57	0:16:01
-The three regularly visited -Lindwerder Island...	0:16:02	0:16:05
-..where the bank kept boats -for its staff.	0:16:05	0:16:09
-They were happy days.	0:16:09	0:16:11
-But Gerda is conspicuously absent -from all the photographs.	0:16:11	0:16:17
-Idris was concerned for his friend.	0:16:20	0:16:23
-One morning, -he saw her at the breakfast table.	0:16:23	0:16:26
-"Gerda put in an appearance.	0:16:26	0:16:28
-"She looked a complete disillusion -after another late night.	0:16:29	0:16:33
-"If she goes on as she does now, -then long before her thirties...	0:16:34	0:16:38
-"..she will have lost -all her good looks."	0:16:39	0:16:42
-Idris was right to be worried.	0:16:42	0:16:45
-There was a new man in her life.	0:16:45	0:16:48
-Oberleutnant Wilhelm Bruckner -was Adolf Hitler's chief adjutant.	0:16:49	0:16:53
-He was twice her age.	0:16:54	0:16:56
-What do we know about Bruckner?	0:16:57	0:16:59
-Heike Gortemaker -can answer that question.	0:16:59	0:17:03
-She's an expert -on Hitler's inner circle.	0:17:04	0:17:07
-Bruckner managed -Hitler's relationship...	0:17:09	0:17:15
-..with the outside world.	0:17:15	0:17:18
-The Fuhrer was keen to emphasize -his singular position...	0:17:19	0:17:23
-..by keeping his distance -from his Nazi colleagues...	0:17:24	0:17:28
-..and the outside world.	0:17:28	0:17:33
-If anyone wanted to see Hitler...	0:17:34	0:17:40
-..they had -to go through Bruckner first.	0:17:40	0:17:46
-Hitler trusted Bruckner. -They shared a common history.	0:17:48	0:17:53
-In 1923, Hitler and Bruckner -were imprisoned at Landsberg...	0:17:58	0:18:03
-..following the first Nazi revolt -in Munich.	0:18:03	0:18:07
-They shared a close bond...	0:18:08	0:18:10
-..and Hitler appointed Bruckner -as his chief adjutant in 1930.	0:18:10	0:18:15
-Bruckner was tall and blonde.	0:18:16	0:18:19
-The Aryan ideal.	0:18:19	0:18:21
-Hitler felt safe knowing -that Bruckner was at his side.	0:18:21	0:18:26
-On the night that Gerda revealed -her relationship with Bruckner...	0:18:28	0:18:32
-..she was defensive and emphasized -there was no open access to her bed!	0:18:33	0:18:38
-Idris responded sharply.	0:18:38	0:18:40
-"I never said there was open access -to her bed and I never sought it."	0:18:41	0:18:46
-A week later -on the morning of Friday 8 June...	0:18:48	0:18:52
-..Idris started work early -at Depka 54.	0:18:52	0:18:57
-He went to the canteen...	0:18:57	0:18:59
-..and heard the shattering news -that Gerda had been found dead...	0:18:59	0:19:04
-..in Wilhelm Bruckner's apartment.	0:19:04	0:19:07
-Idris was shaken by the news -and raced across the city...	0:19:13	0:19:17
-..to Bruckner's apartment.	0:19:17	0:19:19
-This is where my uncle, -Idris Morgan...	0:19:20	0:19:23
-..came face-to-face -with Adolf Hitler's chief adjutant.	0:19:23	0:19:28
-"Frau Sommer and Fritz Sommer -were there.	0:19:28	0:19:31
-"Gerda's body lay sprawled, -fully clothed on the bed.	0:19:31	0:19:35
-"She looked terrible -and had not washed off her make-up.	0:19:35	0:19:40
-"There were yellow and pink streaks -on her mouth.	0:19:41	0:19:44
-"Bruckner came in.	0:19:44	0:19:46
-"A tall man, -over six foot and broad...	0:19:46	0:19:48
-"..with student duelling scars -on his face.	0:19:49	0:19:52
-"I put him at about forty.	0:19:52	0:19:54
-"He said the body could be moved.	0:19:54	0:19:56
-"He and the undertakers -had arranged everything.	0:19:56	0:20:00
-"There would be no inquest."	0:20:00	0:20:02
-Idris suggests that Bruckner wanted -to deal with the situation quickly.	0:20:02	0:20:08
-Was it to protect his reputation -or to conceal foul play?	0:20:08	0:20:14
-The official verdict was suicide -as a result of gas poisoning.	0:20:14	0:20:19
-But if that was the -obvious explanation for her death...	0:20:19	0:20:23
-..why was there never an inquest?	0:20:24	0:20:27
-Gerda Sommer's unfortunate death...	0:20:28	0:20:32
-..was problematic for Bruckner -for two reasons.	0:20:33	0:20:38
-First, -he was engaged to Sophie Stork...	0:20:39	0:20:44
-..a close friend of Eva Braun...	0:20:44	0:20:46
-..and very much a part of Hitler's -inner circle in the Berghof.	0:20:46	0:20:51
-Bruckner would have -rightly feared Hitler.	0:20:53	0:20:58
-Such a breach of trust towards -Sophie Stork was unacceptable.	0:20:58	0:21:03
-The second reason -was a more pressing issue.	0:21:05	0:21:08
-The tension between Hitler and -the leader of the SA, Ernst Rohm...	0:21:08	0:21:13
-..was at fever pitch.	0:21:13	0:21:15
-It wasn't the best time to fall out -of favour with the Fuhrer.	0:21:16	0:21:20
-The plan to assassinate Ernst Rohm -was already in motion.	0:21:24	0:21:31
-In June 1934...	0:21:32	0:21:36
-..Hermann Goering -and Joseph Goebbels...	0:21:36	0:21:39
-..had compiled a list -of people close to Ernst Rohm...	0:21:39	0:21:44
-..who would be killed.	0:21:44	0:21:48
-It was a death list.	0:21:48	0:21:52
-Bruckner was in -a very precarious situation...	0:21:52	0:21:57
-..and a private scandal of this -measure would be extremely damaging.	0:21:58	0:22:03
-Against this turbulent backdrop...	0:22:04	0:22:07
-..Idris and the Sommers would -struggle to uncover the truth...	0:22:07	0:22:12
-..about Gerda's death.	0:22:12	0:22:15
-.	0:22:17	0:22:18
-Subtitles	0:22:19	0:22:19
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:22:19	0:22:21
-There was no time to dwell -on their daughter's death...	0:22:29	0:22:33
-..or Bruckner's eagerness -to dispose of her body...	0:22:33	0:22:37
-..because Fritz and Anny -had to organize her burial.	0:22:37	0:22:41
-The official verdict was suicide, -but Gerda was a Catholic...	0:22:41	0:22:46
-..and this presented them -with a problem.	0:22:46	0:22:49
-In the Roman Catholic Church, -suicide is considered a mortal sin.	0:22:49	0:22:54
-It's a violation of the commandment -"Thou shalt not kill."	0:22:54	0:22:58
-An added source of grief for Anny, -who was also a Catholic...	0:22:58	0:23:04
-..was the thought that her daughter -could be denied a Christian burial.	0:23:04	0:23:10
-And so, on the morning -of Saturday 9 June...	0:23:17	0:23:20
-..Gerda's mother and grandmother, -Frau Scheffels...	0:23:21	0:23:25
-..came to this church to plead -with their priest, Father Milz.	0:23:25	0:23:29
-After the devastation -of World War II...	0:23:33	0:23:35
-..does a record of that sad meeting -still exist?	0:23:36	0:23:41
-Now then.	0:23:41	0:23:43
-Nothing.	0:23:58	0:24:00
-Oh, goodness.	0:24:06	0:24:08
-I don't understand that.	0:24:14	0:24:16
-Good heavens!	0:24:19	0:24:21
-In the middle of this ledger...	0:24:23	0:24:26
-..a child has drawn a picture -of a massive tank.	0:24:26	0:24:31
-A large German tank.	0:24:32	0:24:34
-There is a story that a tank -actually defended this church.	0:24:34	0:24:40
-Right then.	0:24:50	0:24:52
-What do we have -in this other ledger?	0:24:52	0:24:55
-March 1934.	0:25:03	0:25:07
-May.	0:25:07	0:25:09
-June.	0:25:10	0:25:12
-Here it is.	0:25:13	0:25:15
-This is it.	0:25:15	0:25:17
-Gerda Sommer, 7 June 1934.	0:25:19	0:25:23
-The date of her death.	0:25:23	0:25:25
-The date of her funeral -which was 12 June.	0:25:25	0:25:29
-What does it say -about the cause of death?	0:25:30	0:25:34
-"Unglucksfall. Gasvergiftung."	0:25:34	0:25:37
-An accident and not suicide.	0:25:37	0:25:40
-An accident and not suicide.	0:25:41	0:25:44
-Why the discrepancy? Was it an act -of compassion by Father Milz?	0:25:44	0:25:48
-The relationship between -a priest and his parishioners...	0:25:49	0:25:53
-..was very different -to what it is today.	0:25:53	0:25:56
-It was much, much closer.	0:25:57	0:26:00
-It is essential -for every priest to remember...	0:26:02	0:26:06
-..that the individuals involved -must remain central.	0:26:06	0:26:11
-His or her situation is important.	0:26:12	0:26:15
-I also think that Father Milz...	0:26:16	0:26:18
-..who spent many years -as a priest at St Ludwig's Church...	0:26:19	0:26:23
-..had a good understanding of the -political developments in Berlin.	0:26:24	0:26:29
-The fact that he gave -a Christian burial...	0:26:30	0:26:35
-..to someone -who may have committed suicide...	0:26:35	0:26:38
-..gives a clear signal...	0:26:38	0:26:40
-..of his beliefs -and those of his church.	0:26:41	0:26:46
-Persuading Father Milz wasn't -the only hurdle the Sommers faced.	0:26:50	0:26:56
-"Frau Sommer told me -how short of money they were.	0:26:56	0:27:00
-"They had drawn -Fritz's monthly salary...	0:27:00	0:27:03
-"..and were obliged to get a bank -loan to meet the funeral expenses.	0:27:04	0:27:08
-"I naturally offered to do -anything I could to help them."	0:27:08	0:27:13
-I often feel that Idris -was closer to Anny than to Gerda.	0:27:18	0:27:23
-In his diary, it's Anny rather -than Gerda who gets his attention.	0:27:23	0:27:29
-Did Anny take the place -of the mother he lost as a child?	0:27:29	0:27:33
-Gerda was the last -of the Sommer family.	0:27:37	0:27:41
-I've come -to the Stahnsdorf Cemetery...	0:27:41	0:27:44
-..to see if there is any record -of her burial.	0:27:44	0:27:48
-This is the record card -from the file.	0:27:49	0:27:52
-It says 7 June, date of death. -12 June, date of funeral.	0:27:52	0:27:56
-Does it say where she was buried?	0:27:56	0:27:59
-Despite borrowing money, the Sommers -still couldn't afford a gravestone.	0:28:03	0:28:08
-This sheds some doubt -on the exact location of the grave.	0:28:09	0:28:13
-This is the burial record.	0:28:14	0:28:17
-It's for Gerda Sommer.	0:28:18	0:28:20
-There's a lot of details -about the cost...	0:28:20	0:28:23
-..and the cause of death -is also noted.	0:28:24	0:28:26
-It's really expensive.	0:28:26	0:28:28
-It's really expensive. - -It is expensive.	0:28:28	0:28:29
-It was 234 Reichsmarks.	0:28:30	0:28:33
-That was a lot of money.	0:28:34	0:28:36
-This is what a worker would earn -in a month.	0:28:36	0:28:40
-Earn in a month. Right, right.	0:28:40	0:28:43
-Gerda's body lay in the crypt -of this chapel for four days.	0:28:44	0:28:50
-Very little has changed -since those days.	0:28:50	0:28:54
-"Saturday, 9 June.	0:29:07	0:29:09
-"We went to Stahnsdorf and -chose a place for Gerda's burial...	0:29:09	0:29:14
-"..and saw her again afterwards.	0:29:14	0:29:16
-"She was properly laid out -and looked much better.	0:29:16	0:29:20
-"White and peaceful."	0:29:21	0:29:23
-This is the very room...	0:29:35	0:29:37
-..where Fritz and Anny -viewed the body of their only child.	0:29:37	0:29:41
-It's the worst nightmare -of any parent.	0:29:41	0:29:44
-An experience -Idris's own parents endured...	0:29:44	0:29:47
-..when they lost -their eldest daughter, Alys.	0:29:48	0:29:51
-But it was very different -for Fritz and Anny.	0:29:51	0:29:55
-They suspected murder.	0:29:55	0:29:58
-With these suspicions in the air...	0:30:03	0:30:06
-..Idris and the Sommers -gathered at Stahnsdorf on 12 June...	0:30:06	0:30:10
-..for the funeral.	0:30:10	0:30:12
-It was a small, private funeral...	0:30:21	0:30:23
-..with only family -and close friends in attendance.	0:30:23	0:30:27
-And Bruckner?	0:30:28	0:30:30
-Idris wrote...	0:30:30	0:30:33
-"Bruckner did not attend...	0:30:33	0:30:35
-"..but sent an SS officer -as his representative...	0:30:35	0:30:39
-"..with a wreath."	0:30:39	0:30:41
-"Come unto me, all ye that are heavy -laden, and I will give you rest."	0:31:02	0:31:07
-.	0:31:09	0:31:10
-Subtitles	0:31:12	0:31:12
-Subtitles - -Subtitles	0:31:12	0:31:14
-Back in Berlin, the Sommers -set their sights on Bruckner.	0:31:15	0:31:19
-They wanted an explanation -for their daughter's death.	0:31:19	0:31:24
-This is Albrecht-Achilles-Strasse -in the west of the city.	0:31:26	0:31:31
-According to the church records...	0:31:31	0:31:34
-..they found Gerda's body -at number five.	0:31:34	0:31:38
-This is Albrecht-Achilles-Strasse.	0:31:52	0:31:55
-But is this the building that -Idris raced to on that morning...	0:31:55	0:31:59
-..where he saw Gerda's corpse -on the bed?	0:32:00	0:32:02
-I'm not sure.	0:32:03	0:32:04
-Is this the actual building -where Gerda died?	0:32:07	0:32:11
-This isn't the house.	0:32:18	0:32:19
-It's the right street -but the numbers have changed.	0:32:20	0:32:23
-It's quite common in Berlin, -especially after World War II.	0:32:24	0:32:29
-We can look at the photographs...	0:32:29	0:32:33
-..that were taken after the war.	0:32:33	0:32:36
-This was number five.	0:32:36	0:32:38
-Yes, that is number five.	0:32:39	0:32:41
-We can see that the entire building -was demolished in the early 1950s.	0:32:41	0:32:47
-So much of the past -has been destroyed.	0:32:49	0:32:52
-Only one faded photograph remains -of the place where Gerda died.	0:32:52	0:32:58
-But what else has Michael found?	0:33:00	0:33:02
-We have found the police records -of the case.	0:33:03	0:33:09
-On 8 June, -the police in Schoeneberg...	0:33:10	0:33:13
-..noted that Gerda Sommer -had been found on 7 June.	0:33:14	0:33:17
-On 7 June 1934.	0:33:18	0:33:21
-It's interesting as it suggests -the existence of another document...	0:33:22	0:33:27
-..in the state attorney's files.	0:33:27	0:33:29
-This is the file -of the prosecution authorities.	0:33:29	0:33:34
-This is where we find Gerda Sommer.	0:33:34	0:33:37
-Here she is.	0:33:39	0:33:41
-File 189.	0:33:41	0:33:43
-File 189. - -Correct.	0:33:43	0:33:44
-Some action was taken. We don't have -the documents. They were destroyed.	0:33:44	0:33:50
-Is this significant?	0:33:54	0:33:57
-It's impossible to say.	0:33:57	0:33:59
-But there is another mystery.	0:33:59	0:34:01
-According to the diary...	0:34:02	0:34:03
-..24 hours passed -between the discovery of her body...	0:34:04	0:34:07
-..and any contact with the family.	0:34:08	0:34:10
-A day for the corpse to lie in the -heat of the scorching Berlin summer.	0:34:10	0:34:16
-The morning after the funeral, -Idris wrote...	0:34:16	0:34:20
-"Fritz told me -of their suspicions of foul play...	0:34:20	0:34:24
-"..and of their wish for an -investigation and a proper inquest.	0:34:24	0:34:28
-"I felt it was -none of my business...	0:34:29	0:34:31
-"..but at the same time, -I cautioned him to be careful.	0:34:31	0:34:35
-"An investigation could give rise to -insinuations about Gerda's life...	0:34:35	0:34:40
-"..and her behaviour in recent weeks -that might cause her parents pain...	0:34:41	0:34:45
-"..and reveal -what might best lie hidden."	0:34:45	0:34:48
-Idris clearly cared deeply -for the Sommers.	0:34:48	0:34:51
-But was there a basis -to their suspicions?	0:34:52	0:34:55
-If we look at the facts...	0:34:56	0:34:58
-..it's possible to argue that -Gerda Sommer did not kill herself.	0:34:58	0:35:04
-The fact that the corpse -was left to lie for 24 hours...	0:35:05	0:35:11
-..before calling the police...	0:35:11	0:35:14
-..or informing the family...	0:35:15	0:35:19
-..certainly suggests that someone -was trying to hide something.	0:35:19	0:35:24
-According to Idris's diary...	0:35:25	0:35:27
-..Bruckner was summoned -to Hitler's HQ at 2.00am on 7 June.	0:35:27	0:35:32
-He left Gerda in his apartment with -his maid, Erika, and her mother.	0:35:32	0:35:37
-Bruckner returned later that morning -and discovered Gerda's body.	0:35:37	0:35:43
-But why did Bruckner return -to the office at such a late hour?	0:35:43	0:35:49
-There could be many reasons.	0:35:49	0:35:52
-It is a well-known fact that Hitler -kept very irregular hours...	0:35:52	0:35:58
-..and often worked day and night.	0:35:58	0:36:00
-It's perfectly plausible that -Bruckner was called to a meeting...	0:36:02	0:36:08
-..in the Reich Chancellery -in the early hours.	0:36:08	0:36:13
-It was an incredibly tense month.	0:36:13	0:36:16
-Plans to kill leading SA figures -and Ernst Rohm were in motion.	0:36:16	0:36:22
-It was not a good time to be caught -having an affair with a young woman.	0:36:22	0:36:28
-The diary states that Bruckner -was reluctant to allow Gerda...	0:36:28	0:36:34
-..to spend the night -in his apartment.	0:36:35	0:36:38
-It's possible that he was trying -to end the relationship.	0:36:39	0:36:44
-He had a room of his own -at the Reich Chancellery.	0:36:45	0:36:50
-It's possible that he stayed there -as opposed to staying with Gerda.	0:36:50	0:36:56
-The Sommers wanted to know -who was responsible.	0:36:57	0:37:00
-Was the maid jealous of Gerda?	0:37:01	0:37:03
-Or was it Dr Widtmann...	0:37:03	0:37:05
-..who had access to Bruckner's -apartment via an adjoining door?	0:37:05	0:37:10
-Or Bruckner himself?	0:37:11	0:37:12
-New evidence -fuelled their suspicions.	0:37:13	0:37:16
-"Frau Sommer had talked to the -firemen who were first to be called.	0:37:16	0:37:21
-"They told her that Gerda -had blue marks on her throat."	0:37:21	0:37:25
-Is it further evidence -against Bruckner?	0:37:26	0:37:28
-During that hot summer...	0:37:29	0:37:30
-..Fritz and Anny waited for him to -answer their requests for a meeting.	0:37:31	0:37:35
-But all they had -were broken promises and silence.	0:37:36	0:37:40
-It came as no surprise to Idris.	0:37:40	0:37:43
-"My feeling is that he will not -countenance any investigation...	0:37:46	0:37:50
-"..but will see -that everything is kept quiet...	0:37:50	0:37:54
-"..for the sake -of his own reputation."	0:37:54	0:37:57
-The aeroplane carrying Herr Hitler -comes to rest at Venice.	0:37:59	0:38:03
-On 14 June, -two days after Gerda's funeral...	0:38:04	0:38:08
-..Bruckner travelled to Italy -with Hitler.	0:38:08	0:38:11
-Was it the planning -of this state visit...	0:38:11	0:38:14
-..that called him back to the office -on the night that Gerda died?	0:38:15	0:38:20
-The Sommers -were desperate for answers.	0:38:20	0:38:23
-Bruckner finally agreed -to meet with them on 27 June.	0:38:23	0:38:29
-But when the day arrived, -he was nowhere to be found.	0:38:29	0:38:32
-He was making preparations with -Hitler to arrest the SA leaders.	0:38:33	0:38:38
-Over the following three days...	0:38:39	0:38:41
-..over 200 members, including -Ernst Rohm, were massacred.	0:38:41	0:38:45
-This became known -as the Night of the Long Knives.	0:38:46	0:38:49
-It sent shock waves -around the world...	0:38:52	0:38:55
-..despite the regime's attempts -to put a spin on it.	0:38:56	0:39:00
-The Fuhrer -has punished the guilty...	0:39:05	0:39:09
-..and our relationship with the SA -is once again as it was.	0:39:09	0:39:14
-This was a turning point -in the history of Germany.	0:39:15	0:39:19
-There was no going back -from this moment...	0:39:19	0:39:22
-..and the Sommers lost all hope -in their search for answers.	0:39:23	0:39:28
-"Later, I visited the Sommers.	0:39:29	0:39:31
-"Both are upset over events, -especially Frau Sommer...	0:39:31	0:39:35
-"..who is worried that Gerda -was mixing with people in the SA...	0:39:35	0:39:39
-"..and who, like Bruckner, -were part of the massacres...	0:39:40	0:39:44
-"..and has a dread of what -may happen if they go too far...	0:39:44	0:39:48
-"..in the request for investigations -into how Gerda died.	0:39:48	0:39:52
-"Both have lost faith in the -Socialist Party and the government.	0:39:52	0:39:58
-"Fritz went as far as -to despair of Germany altogether."	0:39:58	0:40:02
-The warden of Stahnsdorf Cemetery -and I...	0:40:09	0:40:11
-..have come to find where Gerda -was buried in this massive cemetery.	0:40:12	0:40:17
-This is where my uncle stood with -Gerda's family eight decades ago.	0:40:17	0:40:23
-Do you think -it's around here somewhere?	0:40:26	0:40:29
-Are you saying -that you are looking for grave 188?	0:40:30	0:40:34
-She is in 176.	0:40:34	0:40:37
-Do you think that may be 188?	0:40:37	0:40:39
-Do you think that may be 188? - -Yes, I think so.	0:40:39	0:40:41
-Let's see.	0:40:41	0:40:42
-We can check with the name.	0:40:43	0:40:45
-Yes, that's correct.	0:40:50	0:40:53
-Wassil Babamoff.	0:40:53	0:40:55
-And we can try -to take the difference...	0:40:57	0:41:01
-..between this grave -and this place here.	0:41:01	0:41:04
-So we'll measure that.	0:41:04	0:41:06
-We have to take three metres.	0:41:06	0:41:09
-A little bit more.	0:41:09	0:41:11
-We know that Gerda's grave -would be to the left of grave 188.	0:41:11	0:41:16
-Yes, to the left.	0:41:17	0:41:18
-Yes, to the left. - -This area here.	0:41:18	0:41:19
-There's a place for Gerda Sommer.	0:41:20	0:41:22
-And in fact there's a slight dip -in the ground.	0:41:22	0:41:25
-This is a typical sign.	0:41:26	0:41:28
-There was a coffin under the ground.	0:41:28	0:41:31
-After a long time, -it's deeper in the area.	0:41:31	0:41:34
-It's a real find.	0:41:34	0:41:35
-It's the place for Gerda Sommer.	0:41:35	0:41:38
-That is amazing that we found it.	0:41:38	0:41:41
-We wouldn't have found it -without you.	0:41:41	0:41:45
-It's a very special moment.	0:41:45	0:41:48
-Thank you.	0:41:48	0:41:50
-You're welcome.	0:41:50	0:41:52
-It's incredibly sad to think -of Gerda laid here all alone.	0:42:04	0:42:09
-There is no gravestone.	0:42:09	0:42:12
-The family couldn't afford one.	0:42:12	0:42:15
-This means that the diary -is her only memorial.	0:42:16	0:42:21
-Gerda was the last of the Sommers...	0:42:42	0:42:44
-..but I've tracked down descendants -of Anny's sister, Frau von Furich.	0:42:44	0:42:49
-She was in Stahnsdorf on the day -of the funeral with her son, Heinz.	0:42:50	0:42:56
-I'm in Ulm in southern Germany -to meet Heinz's children...	0:42:56	0:43:00
-..Helga and Klaus-Dieter von Furich.	0:43:00	0:43:03
-Thank you so much.	0:43:03	0:43:05
-I'm very afraid. Please come in.	0:43:05	0:43:06
-I'm very afraid. Please come in. - -Thank you very much.	0:43:06	0:43:09
-We have here a photograph...	0:43:12	0:43:17
-..of Fritz, Anny Sommer, -Frau Scheffles.	0:43:17	0:43:23
-Is that your...?	0:43:23	0:43:24
-Is that your...? - -She's my great grandmother.	0:43:24	0:43:26
-And there's Gerda Sommer -and my uncle, Idris.	0:43:26	0:43:30
-There's the whole family at home -in Wurttembergische Strasse.	0:43:30	0:43:35
-It's lovely. We have a picture too.	0:43:36	0:43:38
-It's lovely. We have a picture too. - -It's Gerda.	0:43:38	0:43:40
-This is Gerda.	0:43:40	0:43:41
-This is Gerda. - -Yes, it's Gerda.	0:43:41	0:43:43
-Look at it. -That's exactly the same face.	0:43:43	0:43:47
-You knew about the story of Gerda.	0:43:47	0:43:50
-Yes, I did.	0:43:50	0:43:53
-I spent a year in Berlin and visited -my great grandmother and Anny.	0:43:53	0:43:59
-That was in 1964.	0:44:00	0:44:02
-They told me the stories -but I don't remember them very well.	0:44:02	0:44:07
-They told me that Gerda was friendly -with one of Hitler's adjutants...	0:44:08	0:44:14
-..or they were having a relationship -but nobody was sure.	0:44:14	0:44:18
-What did Anny Sommer believe -really happened to Gerda?	0:44:18	0:44:23
-She was convinced -that Gerda did not commit suicide.	0:44:24	0:44:29
-That was certain.	0:44:29	0:44:30
-She put it down -to Hitler's machinations.	0:44:31	0:44:38
-She believed that Gerda -had discovered a secret plot.	0:44:38	0:44:42
-That is why -they had to get rid of her.	0:44:42	0:44:45
-The other thing we have here...	0:44:45	0:44:48
-..is a menu card -from the Palais Am Zoo...	0:44:48	0:44:53
-..from Christmas 1933.	0:44:53	0:44:55
-It was a family gathering -and everybody has signed it.	0:44:55	0:44:59
-Oh, that's interesting.	0:44:59	0:45:01
-That is Frau Scheffels.	0:45:02	0:45:04
-Gerda Sommer.	0:45:04	0:45:06
-Fritz Sommer.	0:45:06	0:45:07
-Frau Anny Sommer.	0:45:07	0:45:09
-Frau Clara von Furich, -who was my great grandmother.	0:45:09	0:45:13
-And this is my father, -Heinz von Furich.	0:45:13	0:45:17
-It was a very happy time -for the family.	0:45:18	0:45:22
-Yes, I believe so.	0:45:23	0:45:24
-Unfortunately, -1934 was a more difficult year.	0:45:24	0:45:29
-It's so interesting.	0:45:29	0:45:30
-Everyone gathered for Christmas.	0:45:31	0:45:33
-It's beautiful and brings back -many happy memories.	0:45:35	0:45:39
-Thank you.	0:45:39	0:45:41
-My uncle.	0:45:42	0:45:44
-His mother died -when he was very young...	0:45:44	0:45:47
-..and his own background...	0:45:47	0:45:50
-The family was broken.	0:45:50	0:45:52
-Yes, OK.	0:45:52	0:45:54
-And I think he got very close -to Fritz and Anny Sommer.	0:45:54	0:45:58
-They were his surrogate family -during his time in Berlin.	0:45:58	0:46:02
-That's right.	0:46:02	0:46:05
-I think it was a very important time -in his life.	0:46:05	0:46:09
-Why did Idris return to this diary -in his old age?	0:46:14	0:46:18
-Does the answer -lie in his passion for history...	0:46:18	0:46:22
-..and his understanding of the -importance of every act of witness?	0:46:22	0:46:27
-Or was this the one year where -he experienced a close family unit?	0:46:27	0:46:33
-They were not without -their own problems...	0:46:33	0:46:36
-..but they were lively -and welcoming.	0:46:36	0:46:39
-A family unit that escaped him -for the rest of his solitary life.	0:46:39	0:46:44
-I'm certain of one thing.	0:46:49	0:46:52
-The memory of his year in Berlin -never left him...	0:46:52	0:46:57
-..even at the end of his days.	0:46:57	0:47:00
-On his final night in the city, -the Sommers gave Idris a book.	0:47:01	0:47:06
-Inside the cover...	0:47:06	0:47:08
-..Fritz had written a quote from the -work of the German author, Goethe.	0:47:08	0:47:13
-"If one thinks of it only in terms -of mountains, rivers and cities...	0:47:15	0:47:20
-"..then the world -is such a desolate place.	0:47:20	0:47:23
-"But as soon as we meet someone...	0:47:23	0:47:26
-"..who is sympathetic -to our way of thinking...	0:47:26	0:47:29
-"..with whom we can commune -in silence...	0:47:30	0:47:32
-"..the desolate globe is transformed -into an inhabited paradise."	0:47:33	0:47:38
-Fritz Sommer died in the Dresdner -Bank when Berlin was bombed in 1945.	0:47:44	0:47:50
-Anny Sommer survived the war -and died in Berlin in 1971.	0:47:50	0:47:56
-Bruckner married an 18-year-old girl -in 1937.	0:48:00	0:48:03
-He was loyal to Hitler until his -dismissal in 1940 and died in 1954.	0:48:04	0:48:10
-Idris served in North Africa -during World War II.	0:48:14	0:48:17
-He returned to Barclays Bank -in London and died aged 94 in 2000.	0:48:18	0:48:24
-S4C Subtitles by Tinopolis	0:48:47	0:48:49
-.	0:48:49	0:48:49

Geraint Talfan Davies Gohebwyr

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