Episode 17 Mastermind

First in the spotlight tonight is Paul Styrin,

a civil servant from Selby.

He's answering questions on the Second World War in Europe.

Next, Sue Clark, a receptionist from Aylesbury,

on the social reformer Josephine Butler.

Alisdair Scott is a carer from Leeds.

His specialist subject - the Freemasons.

And Andrew Diamond is an IT consultant from Walthamstow.

His subject - the folk singer Pete Seeger.

APPLAUSE

Hello, and welcome to Mastermind with me, John Humphrys.

Four more contenders have volunteered,

for reasons best known to themselves, for the black chair ordeal.

And it's not just the chair that's scary -

it's knowing that the clock is the ultimate master and must be obeyed.

They each get two minutes on their specialist subject,

followed by two and a half minutes of general knowledge.

One of them will get through to the next round,

and then perhaps the grand final itself

and the prospect of becoming the nation's Mastermind.

So let's have our first contender, please.

-And your name is?

-Paul Styrin.

-Your occupation?

-Civil servant.

-And your specialist subject?

-The Second World War in Europe.

In two minutes, starting now.

On which of the five Normandy beaches

did the American 1st and 29th Infantry Division land on D-Day?

They eventually secured it, but with extremely heavy casualties.

-Omaha.

-Who was the Commander in Chief of the French forces

at the beginning of the Battle of France,

although he was soon replaced by Maxime Weygand?

-Gamelin.

-Who was in command of the German 6th Army

which captured Kiev in September 1941

and collaborated in the massacre at Babi Yar

that followed where more than 33,000 Jews were murdered?

-Pass.

-Germany obtained most of its oil

from the oil fields near which Romanian city?

The refineries were eventually destroyed by Allied bombing.

-Ploiesti.

-Which Belgian fortress on the Albert Canal

was captured by German paratroopers

who landed in gliders on 10 May 1940?

-Eben-Emael.

-The Blue Division, who fought on the German side

against the Soviets, was formed by volunteers from which country?

-Denmark.

-Spain.

What was the name of the battle in which the Royal Navy sank

five Italian ships off the southern coast of Greece in March 1941?

Cape Matapan.

On 19 November 1942, the Red Army began an operation

to encircle more than 200,000 Axis troops around Stalingrad.

What was the codename of the operation?

-Uranus.

-During the German invasion of Crete in May '41,

Allied troops were unable to prevent the Germans capturing an airfield

in the north-west of the island and using it

to bring in reinforcements. Which airfield?

-Maleme.

-Which German Panzer commander who was at the forefront

of the advances in France and the Soviet Union

was sacked by Hitler for withdrawing troops

in front of Moscow in 1941?

He was later appointed by Hitler as the new army chief of staff

after the July '44 assassination plot.

-Guderian.

-What was the name of the American general

who commanded the US 5th Army

that landed at Salerno in September '43?

-Mark Clark.

-During the Battle of Britain,

which New Zealander commanded 11 Group of fighter command

that defended London and the south-east of England?

-Park.

-Which capital city was bombed by the Germans...

BEEP

..on 6 April 1941, resulting in thousands of civilian casualties?

Within a week, the city had been occupied.

-Pass.

-Well, I can tell you,

because your time is up - Belgrade.

And your other pass - it was Field Marshal Walther von Reichenau

who was commander of the German 6th Army

which captured Kiev in September '41.

Paul, you have scored 10 points.

APPLAUSE

And our next contender, please.

-And your name is?

-Sue Clark.

-Your occupation?

-Receptionist.

-And your chosen subject?

-The life and work of Josephine Butler.

Josephine Butler. Two minutes, starting now.

Josephine Butler was a social reformer

concerned with the rights and welfare of women.

Which book, published in 1896,

contains her memoirs of her many campaigns?

Personal Reminiscences Of A Great Crusade.

Butler played a major role in the repeal of acts of Parliament

of the 1860s that made women in ports and garrison towns

liable for compulsory examination for venereal disease.

What were the acts called?

Contagious Diseases Acts.

What name is commonly given to the document referring to the quantity and quality

of prostitutes supplied to British soldiers in India,

which Butler said "exceeded in horror and wickedness

"anything we have ever read?"

The Infamous Memorandum.

From 1867 to 73, Butler was the president of

the North of England Council for promoting what for women?

The higher education of women.

In her writings and speeches, Butler often quoted

the words of an American abolitionist who wrote:

"I am in earnest. I will not equivocate and I will be heard."

Who was he?

William Garrison.

In which town was the house called the Priory,

where the Butlers were living when their five-year-old daughter Ava

fell to her death from a banister in 1864?

-Cheltenham.

-Butler published her first pamphlet in 1868.

What was it called?

The Education And Employment Of Women.

Butler was angered by the attitude among Oxford intellectuals

towards women's sexuality, in particular,

their reaction to a novel first published in 1853

called Ruth. Who was the author?

Mrs Gaskell.

In a series of letters published in The Shield,

Butler included a quotation from a Chatham prostitute

denouncing men and male power.

What was the title of the letters?

-Pass.

-In 1880, from which country

did she secure the release of 34 British girls from brothels

during her campaign against international trafficking?

-Belgium.

-Butler wrote a biography of which 14th century

Dominican saint, philosopher and theologian?

Catherine of Siena.

In the autumn of 1870, during a by-election

contested by the liberal candidate Henry Storks...

BEEP ..Butler's presence led to violence

from supporters of the Contagious Diseases Act.

Where was the by-election?

-Colchester.

-It was.

You had just one pass.

The title of that series of letters published in The Shield was

The Garrison Towns Of Kent.

You have scored, Sue, 11 points.

APPLAUSE

And our next contender, please.

-And your name is?

-Alisdair Scott.

-Your occupation?

-A carer.

-And your chosen subject?

-The history of Freemasonry.

Freemasonry. In two minutes, starting now.

Freemasonry is a secretive fraternal organisation

with symbolism largely based on tools used by craftsmen.

What item of protective clothing, now worn for symbolic purposes,

is the principal item of the Freemasons' regalia?

-The Masons' apron.

-At what alehouse in an area of London

known as St Paul's Church was the Premier Grand Lodge founded

on St John the Baptist Day 1717?

The Goose and Gridiron.

The Royal Arch Masons trace their lineage

to the start of the construction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem

under the supervision of which biblical figure?

-Zerubbabel.

-Which Church of Scotland minister was the author

of The Constitutions Of The Freemasons, published in 1723?

-James Anderson.

-Who was the chief minister to Louis XV

who banned Masonic gatherings in France

after he was sent a copy of a speech due to be given

in the Grand Lodge of France in 1737

by the Freemason Chevalier Andrew Ramsay?

Cardinal Fleury.

By what name by the early Masonic texts that include

the Cooke and Regis manuscripts collectively known?

-The Old Constitutions.

-The Old Charges.

The daughter of Viscount Doneraile was allowed to become a Freemason

after she eavesdropped on a Masonic degree ceremony

at her father's home in Cork in the early 18th century. What was her name?

Elizabeth Aldworth, nee St Leger.

What is the name of the figure in Masonic lore

who was mentioned in the first Book of Kings

as the principal architect in the building

of the original King Solomon's Temple?

-Hiram Abiff.

-Which Huguenot clergymen and fellow of the Royal Society

served as the third Grand Master of the London Grand Lodge?

Desaguliers.

A sprig of what shrub or tree representing immortality

and divine guidance is often depicted at the head of coffins

or added to graves in Masonic symbolism?

-Acacia.

-Which member of the Royal family was initiated

into Naval Lodge number 2612 in 1919,

and became the Senior Grand Warden

of the United Grand Lodge of England in 1923?

Was he later King George V?

No, he was later King George VI. He was the Duke of York.

Which Boston-born Freemason

wrote the 1871 work Morals And Dogma...

BEEP

..and was a key figure in the history of the Scottish Rite?

-Albert Pike.

-Is correct.

No passes, Alisdair. You've scored 10 points.

APPLAUSE

And our final contender, please.

-And your name is?

-Andrew Diamond.

-Your occupation?

-IT consultant.

-And your chosen subject?

-The activist and musician Pete Seeger.

Pete Seeger. In two minutes, here we go.

Pete Seeger was an influential American folk singer

who was blacklisted during the McCarthy era

for his left-wing views. To which group that included Woody Guthrie

did Seeger belong in the early '40s?

-The Almanac Singers.

-Seeger with his group The Weavers

topped the American record charts for 13 weeks in 1950

with an adaptation of a song by Lead Belly. Which song?

Goodnight Irene.

What pro-war song that's the title track of an album

did Seeger write after Hitler's invasion of Russia

had changed his pacifist views?

-Round and Round Hitler's Grave.

-Dear Mr President.

What was the name of the Hudson River sloop that Seeger had built

and launched in 1969 to highlight the need to clean up the river?

-The Clearwater.

-Who was the counsel

for the House Un-american Activities Committee

who led the interrogation of Seeger in August 1955?

-Pass.

-In 1947, Seeger was taught a classic protest song

by the musician and activist Zilphia Horton,

although when he sang it, he altered the title.

What was the Seeger version called?

-We Shall Overcome.

-Which singer-songwriter friend of Seeger's

edited the book Songs And Sketches Of The First Clearwater Crew

after sailing on the sloop's maiden voyage?

-Pass.

-What was the name of Seeger's half-Japanese wife

whom he married in 1943? She died aged 91 in 2013.

Toshi Aline Ohta.

In the mid-1960s, while he was banned from network television

because of his left-wing views, Seeger filmed his own series of shows,

which were seen only by a very limited television audience.

What was the series called?

-Rainbow Quest.

-Seeger was invited by a collector of folk music

to work with him at the Archive of American Folk Song

at the Library Of Congress in '39. Which collector?

Adam Lomax.

The legend on Seeger's banjo read:

This machine surrounds what and forces it to surrender?

-Hate.

-What was the title of the Woody Guthrie song

recorded by the Almanac Singers that tells the story

of the men drowned in the first American ship

to be torpedoed in the Second World War?

The Reuben James.

In which town did riots erupt in the summer of '49

when Paul Robeson and Seeger sang at a benefit concert?

The town had a chapter of the Ku Klux Klan.

Peekskill.

Which 16th-century hymn tune did Seeger use...

BEEP ..for a song he wrote with the same title in 1984?

He kept the opening line of the hymn.

-No, pass.

-OK, I can tell you, because your time is up -

Old 100th. Your other passes -

Don McLean was the singer friend of Seeger's

who edited the book Songs And Sketches.

And Frank Tavener was the counsel

for the House Un-american Activities Committee.

Three passes altogether, then. You, too, Andrew, have 10 points.

APPLAUSE

Well, that's the end of a very close first round.

Let's have a look at the scores.

Joint second place, they all got 10 points -

Paul Styrin, Alisdair Scott and Andrew Diamond.

In first place, she crept ahead -

11 points, Sue Clark.

APPLAUSE

So it is the general knowledge round now,

and if there's a tie at the end of it, which there very well might be,

then the number of passes is taken into account,

and the person with the fewer passes is the winner.

And if they are tied on passes as well,

there has to be a tie-break.

And the six highest-scoring runners up

will also be able to claim a place in the semifinal.

So, plenty to play for. Let's get on with it,

and ask Paul to join us again, please.

So, Paul, you, along with many others,

start out this round with 10 points,

and it is the general knowledge round,

and therefore you get two and a half minutes.

Starting now.

In modern lighting, what do the letters LED stand for?

Light-emitting diode.

Which famous scientist helped draft

the American Declaration of Independence

and was one of its signatories?

-Pass.

-What name taken from old French

is given to the thin porridge

that Oliver Twist asks for more of?

-Gruel.

-In the sentence traditionally used to test

that all the keys of a keyboard or typewriter are working properly,

the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy...?

-Cow.

-Dog.

In which English city is the district of Knotty Ash

that was made famous by Ken Dodd?

-Liverpool.

-Which item of clothing

used to be requested by a young woman

of her suitor on Valentine's Day,

then to be worn on Easter Sunday?

-Pass.

-Published in 2014, The Four Streets

is a Conservative MP's debut novel,

a semi-autobiographical account

of her working-class childhood. What is her name?

-Edwina Currie?

-Nadine Dorries.

Novosibirsk, Omsk, Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk

are among the principal cities of what vast region of Asiatic Russia?

-Siberia.

-Which former political correspondent

presents the travelogue Barging Round Britain

in which he explores Britain's canal network?

-John Sergeant.

-In which city did Walter Gropius

found the school of architecture and applied art

known as the Bauhaus in 1919?

-Berlin.

-Weimar.

With which song did Roy Orbison first top

the UK singles chart in October 1960?

-Pass.

-Which knight who was the lover of Isolde,

the wife of his uncle, King Mark of Cornwall,

is said to be remembered by the seven-foot-high stone

beside the road leading to Fowey in Cornwall?

-Galahad.

-Tristan.

What seasonal song does Judy Garland's character sing

to soothe her younger sister

in the film musical Meet Me In St Louis?

-Pass.

-According to the line from act three, scene one

of Shakespeare's Henry IV part two,

"Uneasy lies the head that wears..."?

-The crown.

-Which contemporary American composer's works

include Einstein On The Beach

and 1,000 Airplanes On The Roof?

-Pass.

-In 1984, Russia's Oleg Salenko set a record

for goals scored by a player during a World Cup finals game.

How many times did he score in a group match against Cameroon?

-Five.

-The hill town of Frascati, famous for its wine,

lies about 20km south-east

of which major Italian city?

-Naples.

-Rome.

The title character of which novel by Thomas Hardy

has the surname Fawley?

-Pass.

-Who played the 40-something Timothy Lumsden...

BEEP

..in the 1980s television comedy Sorry?

-Ronnie Corbett.

-Is correct.

You had six passes, Paul.

It was Jude The Obscure, that Thomas Hardy novel.

Philip Glass was the composer who wrote Einstein On The Beach.

Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas was the song

Judy Garland sang to soothe her younger sister.

Roy Orbison first topped the charts with Only The Lonely.

Young ladies used asked their suitor on Valentine's Day

to give them a pair of gloves.

And Benjamin Franklin was the famous scientist

who helped draft the American Declaration of Independence.

You have a total, Paul, of 18 points.

APPLAUSE

And now Alisdair again, please.

And you also have ten points, Alisdair.

So, 18, as we speak, is the score to beat.

2.5 minutes of General Knowledge, starting now.

England's travelling followers of an international sport

are known informally as the Barmy Army. Which sport?

Cricket.

Who was the goddess of victory in Greek mythology?

Nike.

The ostrich-like flightless birds,

the rheas, are native to which continent?

-Australasia.

-South America.

What sweet, made by boiling syrup and then kneading it until soft,

creamy and smooth, has a name that comes from the French for melting?

Pass.

Which sculptor created the work Another Place?

It consists of 100 cast-iron life-sized figures on Crosby Beach.

Pass.

Which British software engineer is credited with inventing

the World Wide Web while he was working at Cern in Geneva in 1989?

Tim Berners-Lee.

Who wrote the 2014 historical novel The King's Curse,

which tells the story of the Plantagenet heiress, Margaret Pole,

and her demise at the hands of Henry VIII?

Pass.

What is the name of the Russian guitar-like instrument that is

triangular in shape with a fretted neck and normally three strings?

Balalaika.

Which Scottish river is crossed by the Erskine Bridge, opened in 1971?

-Forth.

-The Clyde.

Which country won the 2014 Eurovision Song Contest?

They were represented by Conchita Wurst singing Rise Like A Phoenix.

-Italy.

-Austria.

What French term is used in ballet

for a dance for two people?

Pas de deux.

Who played the widowed father Arthur Kipps in the film version

of Susan Hill's The Woman In Black in his first big-screen role

after the last Harry Potter film?

Daniel Radcliffe.

Which 17th-century English composer wrote choral works entitled

Come Ye Sons Of Art and Hail! Bright Cecilia?

Arne. Purcell.

In 1988, Debi Thomas became the first African-American to win

a medal at the Winter Olympics when she finished third in what event?

The gold medal was won by the East German Katarina Witt.

-Erm, slalom.

-Figure skating.

What euphemism for being killed originated among RAF

pilots in the Second World War

and may refer to a Staffordshire town once famous for its beer?

-Erm, buying it.

-Gone for a Burton.

Which Euro-sceptic MP, who stood against

John Major for the Conservative Party leadership in 1995,

was also one of the candidates in the '97 leadership election?

Pass.

Hounslow Heath Aerodrome, which became Britain's first civil airport

in 1919, was the forerunner of which nearby airport?

Heathrow.

In cricket, a 20-20 championship that started in 2008

and attracts star players from many cricketing countries...

BEEP ..is known by the initials IPL?

What do they stand for?

-Absolutely no idea.

-No, I don't think so!

-Indian Premier League.

-Right.

So, your other passes.

John Redwood was the MP who tried a couple of times for the leadership.

Philippa Gregory wrote The King's Curse.

Gormley, Sir Anthony Gormley, did that sculpture, Another Place.

And fondant is the sweet that you make with boiling syrup

and all that disgusting stuff.

-You have, Alisdair, 17 points.

-Thank you.

APPLAUSE

And now Andrew again, please.

And you also start with ten points and 18 is still the score to beat.

Well, let's see if you can do it. Here we go.

In a monastery or convent, by what name, that comes from the Latin

for "refreshed", is the dining hall usually known?

Refectory.

Professor Sir Bernard Lovell was the first director of an observatory where

a radio telescope, then the world's largest, began operating in 1957.

Which observatory?

Jodrell Bank.

The works of which German philosopher include Also Sprach Zarathustra

and Ecce Homo?

Nietzsche.

What object, a symbol of mortality,

is revealed in the foreground of Hans Holbein the Younger's painting

The Ambassadors if the picture is viewed from a certain angle?

An anamorphic skull.

Roy Cazaly, known for his high leaps and the subject of the catchphrase

"Up there, Cazaly", became a rallying figure for Australian troops in

the Second World War because of his exploits in what Australian sport?

Australian rules football.

Which larger sea is connected to the inland

sea of Azov by the Kerch Strait?

Er...

Black Sea.

Which Mexican artist is played in a 2002 biopic by the Mexican-born

actress Salma Hayek?

Erm...

The eyebrow woman, what's her name?

-I'm afraid...

-Pass, pass.

The part of the Napoleonic Wars fought between 1808

and 1814 in Spain and Portugal is usually known by what name?

Peninsular War.

What is the name of the chemical element that is the lightest metal?

It's used extensively in battery manufacture

and in medicine in its carbonate form.

Lithium.

Which Northern Irish city stands at the mouth of the River Lagan?

-Armagh.

-Belfast.

What is the name of the Bolton social club that was

run by Brian Potter, played by Peter Kay in a television comedy series?

Pass.

In Judaism, which festival that takes place in November or December

has a name that means "dedication" or "consecration"?

It's also called the Festival of Lights.

Hanukkah.

In which satirical work by Voltaire is the unworldly title

character raised in the household of Baron Thunder-ten-Tronck

and tutored by the incurably optimistic Dr Pangloss?

Candide.

Which Dutch city is famous for its blue-patterned,

tin-glazed earthenware?

Delft.

Who made her solo debut in the UK singles chart in 1977 with

Pearl's A Singer, after the band Vinegar Joe split up?

Pass.

A novel by Charles Dickens set during the anti-Catholic Gordon riots

of 1780 features the character Dolly Varden, who subsequently

inspired songs, paintings and fashions in women's clothing.

Which novel?

Pass.

A former Conservative Home Secretary,

who died in 2015, employed

Nick Clegg during his tenure as vice president

of the European Commission.

What was his name?

-Pass.

-BEEP

Well, I can tell you, cos we are just out of time,

-it was Leon Brittan, Lord Brittan.

-Of course.

Yup. Your other passes, five altogether.

Barnaby Rudge was the novel by Charles Dickens that was

set during the anti-Catholic Gordon Riots.

Elkie Brooks made her solo debut with Pearl's A Singer.

-The Phoenix Club is the name of that Bolton social club.

-Never watched it.

Never watched it, there you go. And Frida Kahlo is the Mexican artist.

And you have, Andrew, 21 points.

APPLAUSE

And, finally, Sue.

And you start out already with a one-point advantage

because you got 11, unlike the rest of them.

But now 21 is the score to beat and you have two-and-a-half minutes

in which to do it and go through to the semifinals or not.

Here we go.

Who wrote The Canterbury Tales about

a group of pilgrims who gather at

the Tabard Inn in Southwark and agree

to engage in a story-telling contest?

-Chaucer.

-Yup, Bluefaced Leicester,

Greyface Dartmoor

and Whitefaced Woodland are breeds of which farm animal?

-Sheep.

-Yup. Which Italian electrical engineer jointly won

the 1909 Nobel Prize for physics with

Karl Ferdinand Braun in recognition

of their contributions to the development

of wireless telegraphy?

-Volta?

-Marconi.

Greg LeMond who, in 1986 became

the first non-European cyclist to

win the Tour de France, was born in which country?

-USA.

-Yes, what is the name of

the flamboyant Spanish-courtship dance,

usually performed by couples,

and featured in the third act

of the opera The Marriage Of Figaro?

-Fandango.

-Yes. Which veteran singer

and songwriter released the album

Shadows In The Night in 2015?

It contains his versions of songs associated with

the career of Frank Sinatra.

-Leonard Cohen.

-Bob Dylan.

What word, that originally referred to

a citizen of a French town,

as opposed to a peasant or gentleman,

has come to be used for any member of the middle class,

often with derogatory connotations?

-Civilian?

-The bourgeois.

What significant day in the Christian calendar

is the title of a six-part poem

by TS Eliot published in 1930

after his conversion to Anglicanism?

-Ash Wednesday.

-Yes.

Spencer Compton, the first Earl of Wilmington,

is generally considered to have been

the second person to hold what

position in the British Government

when he succeeded Walpole in 1742?

-Chancellor of the Exchequer?

-Prime Minister.

A television presenter and former newsreader who was

knighted in 1999 began his broadcasting career

reporting for local radio stations

in his native Trinidad. What's his name?

-I can't remember.

-I'll take that as a pass.

In which city did Constantine the Great

hold the first Ecumenical church council

in 325 AD where the creed named after it was

-originally formulated?

-Constantinople.

-Nicaea.

Which English novelist and journalist's works include

Idle Thoughts Of An Idle Fellow

and Three Men On The Bummel?

-Christopher Isherwood.

-Jerome K Jerome.

On which island group off the south-west coast of Turkey

is Rhodes the largest island?

It's been part of Greece since 1947.

-The Ionian.

-The Dodecanese.

Shchi is a popular Russian soup

made principally with which vegetable?

-Potato.

-Cabbage.

Which regular presenter on Radio 2

performed as the character Lily Savage,

who was known as the blonde bombsite?

-Paul O'Grady.

-Yup.

Which Hungarian-born architect

was a prime advocate of London's

residential tower blocks?

Ian Fleming named a Bond villain after him.

Erm, don't know, pass.

The acronym WYSIWYG... BEEP

I've started, so I'll finish.

..used since the early 1980s

in the design of computer interfaces

stands for What You See Is What...

What... Sorry, What You Get.

You've got it, that's correct.

You had two passes, Sue.

-Goldfinger was that...

-Oh!

-Yeah. The clue was in the Ian Fleming thing.

-Yes!

And the newsreader, you'll be cross, Trevor McDonald.

-Sue, 18 points.

-Thank you.

APPLAUSE

Well, it was close right up to the end. Let's have a look at the scores.

In fourth place, 17 points, Alisdair Scott.

Joint second place, 18 points apiece,

Paul Styrin and Sue Clark.

First place, he edged it, 21 points, Andrew Diamond.

APPLAUSE

Which means, of course, that Andrew is tonight's winner

and he goes through to the semifinals. Congratulations to him.

If you would like to be a contender in the next series,

go to our website...

..and you can follow us on Twitter...

And do join us again next time for more Masterminds.

Thanks for watching, goodbye.

APPLAUSE