Episode 28 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge. Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

APPLAUSE

Hello, so far we have seen the University College London,

Pembroke College Cambridge, and Worcester College, Oxford,

win the first of the two quarterfinal victories

our Byzantine rules require of them

if they are to secure a place in the semifinals.

Tonight's two teams are, you'll not be surprised to hear,

hoping for victory in their first quarterfinal appearance.

Whichever of them loses

will have just one more chance to stay in the contest.

The team from Clare College, Cambridge,

scraped a win in round one against Worcester College, Oxford,

but then achieved the highest score in round two with 320 points

to a meagre 65, clocked up by a team from Leeds University,

who obviously thought they were appearing on Family Fortunes.

Clare College know more than is entirely normal about Occam's razor,

Jenkins' ear and Russell's teapot.

Let's meet the Clare College team again.

Hi, I'm Chris Cao, I'm from Abingdon in Oxfordshire,

and I'm reading mathematics.

Hello, I'm Daniel Janes, from north east London,

and I'm reading history.

And their captain.

Hi, I'm Jonathan Burley, from Bourne End,

and I'm reading physics.

I'm Jonathan Foxwell from Farnham in Surrey,

and I'm reading natural sciences.

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The team from Homerton College, Cambridge,

took the scenic route to get here,

robbed of victory by only five points

against Balliol College, Oxford in the first round.

But, in the highest-scoring loser play-offs,

the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

passed into a trance-like state and gave them victory.

Homerton then demolished Durham University

by recognising Byron's dog,

although they tripped over Samuel Johnson's cat,

and sat on Matthew Arnold's canary.

Let's meet them again.

Hi, my name's Jack Euesden, I'm from Sheffield,

and I'm reading natural sciences.

I'm Francis Conner, I'm from Downpatrick in County Down,

and I'm studying for a PGCE in modern foreign languages.

And their captain.

Hello, my name is David Murray, I'm from Ripon in North Yorkshire,

and I'm studying for an MPhil in European literature and culture.

Hi, I'm Thomas Grinyer, from Southampton,

and I'm reading chemical engineering.

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Too tedious to recite the rules, so let's just get on with it.

10 points for this starter question, fingers on the buzzers.

What word links a viral disease of sheep, an album by Joni Mitchell...

Scrapie.

No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

..A British rabbi and broadcaster,

and a decrease in the wavelength of radiation emitted

by an approaching celestial object as a result of the Doppler effect.

A scrape?

No, it's Blue, bluetongue disease, Rabbi Lionel Blue,

the blueshift, and so on.

10 points for this. Losing more than 70 percent of its seats,

which party not only lost power,

but became the third largest party

in the Irish general election of February 2011?

Fianna Fail.

Fianna Fail is correct, you get this first set of bonuses,

they are on World War I.

In contradistinction to the victorious Allies,

Germany and the other countries defeated in the First World War

were known by what collective term?

-The Central Powers.

-Correct.

Which country lost Transylvania, Ruthenia and Slavonia

by the 1920 Treaty of Trianon,

as a result, it was reduced in area and population by two thirds?

-Hungary.

-Correct.

Under the terms of which peace treaty, signed in March 1918,

did Russia temporarily acknowledge defeat and surrender extensive territory to the Central Powers?

Nominate Greniyer.

-Brest-Litovsk.

-Correct.

which King of England was a direct descendant of Edward III...

Henry IV.

I'm afraid you lose five points.

Edward III on his mother's side, and on his father's side

was grandson of Henry V's widow, who had remarried after his death?

He was succeeded by his second son and then...

Henry VII.

Henry VII, Henry Tudor is right, yes.

Your bonuses, Homerton, are on words meaning "very big".

What word meaning "very big" derives from a Greek term

for a large statue, and was applied by Herodotus

to those of the Temples of Egypt, although it later became

associated with one particular figure in the eastern Mediterranean?

I don't suppose it would be colossal?

Colossal?

Colossal, Colossus, yes.

The Greek name for the sons of Gaia, who declared war on the gods and were destroyed by Heracles,

is the source of two common synonyms for enormous. Name either.

-Titanic?

-No, it's gigantic and giant.

And finally, before the giants, Gaia had begotten a race of gods

with Uranus, including Cronus and Rhea,

-whose collective name is the source of which adjective meaning very big?

-Titanic.

Yes. 10 points for this. Einstein published his special

and general theories of relativity in 1905 and 1916 respectively,

but wasn't awarded the Nobel Prize for physics until 1921,

when it was given for his discovery...

Photoelectric effect.

Correct.

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Your bonuses, Clare College, are on contemporary reviews

of performances by the 19th-century actor, Edmund Kean.

In each case, identify the Shakespearean character

he was portraying.

Firstly, from 1814, "Perhaps the most accomplished hypocrite

"was never so finely, so adroitly portrayed, a gay,

"light-hearted monster, a careless, cordial, comfortable villain."

THEY WHISPER

Nominate James.

Is it Angelo in Measure For Measure?

No, it's Iago.

Secondly, in a review of 1814, a critic complained that,

"there was a lightness and vigour in his tread,

"a buoyancy and elasticity of spirit, unsuited to the character of a man brooding over one idea,

"that of its wrongs, and bent on one unalterable purpose, that of revenge."

-Hamlet.

-No, it's Shylock.

From a review of 1815, "He was cold, tame and unimpressive.

"Mr Kean was like a man waiting to receive

"a message from his mistress through her confidant, not like one

"who was pouring out his rapturous vows to the idol of his soul."

WHISPERING

Romeo.

Correct, 10 points for this.

"Slaves become so debased by their chains as to lose even

"the desire of breaking from them."

This observation appears in a work of 1762,

by which Swiss-born philosopher and novelist?

Rousseau.

Correct.

Your bonuses now are on scientific diagrams.

In each case, name the diagram defined.

Firstly, for five, named after a mathematician

born in Geneva in 1768, a plot of complex numbers with the real part

measured along the X axis and the imaginary part up the Y axis.

Nominate Euesden.

-Argand?

-Correct.

After two astronomers, one Danish, the other American,

a plot of stars by luminosity and temperature or spectral type.

Nominate Grenyier.

Hertzsprung-Russell.

Correct.

Finally, after an American physicist born in 1918,

a sketch representing a subatomic particle reaction,

used in the perturbation theory approach to quantum mechanics?

Feynman?

Feynman.

Right. We are going to take a picture round now.

For your picture starter,

you're going to see selected titles of works by a well-known author.

For 10 points, name the author.

To make it more interesting,

each title has been rearranged

into an anagram.

Jane Austen?

It is, we'll see the titles

as they should be.

So, well done to you, so, you get the picture bonuses.

Following on from Jane Austen, three more sets of anagrams of titles of authors work.

Five points for each author.

The Idiot, that's Dostoyevsky.

Dostoyevsky?

It is Dostoyevsky. Let's see the titles as they should be.

See if you can do it with this.

WHISPERS: Oh, is it Virginia Woolf?

Orlando?

Come on, let's have it.

Any ideas?

Let's have an answer, please.

-Virginia Woolf?

-No, it's Mary Shelley.

The giveaway is Frankenstein.

And, finally...

Who wrote Kiss Kiss?

Oh, it's not...

Let's have an answer, please.

Dickens?

No, it's Roald Dahl.

Let's see the real titles.

Another starter question.

"That's the wise thrush, he sings each song twice over, lest you should think

"he never could recapture the first fine careless rapture."

These lines appear in which English poet's 1845 work...

Keats?

No, I'm afraid you lose five points, Home Thoughts, From Abroad.

Robert Browning?

Correct.

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Your bonuses,

the answer in each case is the name of a country which,

with a different meaning or etymology, would be

permissible in a game of Scrabble, for example, China.

Give the name from the definition. Firstly for five,

an alternative spelling of the name of a coniferous tree,

with small, woody cones, fattened shoots, and scale-like leaves.

WHISPERING

We should at least try and guess.

Pass.

It's Cyprus.

Secondly, an adjective that appears in the common names

of a South American rodent, a ground-dwelling African bird

and a long, threadlike, parasitic worm.

WHISPERING

Papua New Guinea? Or guinea?

I can't accept... I've got to take your first answer, Papua New Guinea,

and the answer was, in fact, Guinea. You got there,

but it was the wrong answer.

A piece of waste material punched out of tape,

card or in the United States, ballot papers.

-Chad, Chad.

-Chad.

Chad is correct. 10 points for this.

Born in 1744, which French naturalist broke with

the notion of immutable species and proposed that

acquired characteristics are passed on from...

Lamarck?

Lamarck is right, yes.

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Your bonuses are on conductors. Which German conductor began one of the most successful periods

of his career when, in 1955, at the age of 70,

he became music director of London's Philharmonia?

Nominate Foxwell.

Karajan?

No, it was Klemperer. Secondly, which Dutch conductor was appointed music director

of the Glyndebourne Festival in 1977,

and in 1987 took up the same role at Covent Garden?

WHISPERING

Nominate Foxwell.

-Claudio Abbado?

-No, it was Bernard Haitink.

And, finally, Sir Colin Davis is regarded as one of the foremost

interpreters of which 19th-century French composer,

having recorded works including The Trojans and Harold In Italy?

It's Berlioz.

-Berlioz.

-Berlioz is right.

10 points for this.

Which two-digit number links the angle at which snow is most prone

to side into an avalanche, the number of games played

each season by the teams in the Premier league, and the sum...

38.

38 is correct, yes.

your bonuses are on nuclear physics.

Sometimes known by the name of its inventor,

the Scottish physicist CTR Wilson, which apparatus

consisting of a vessel fitted with a piston and filled with gas

saturated with water vapour is used for tracking ionised particles?

-No idea.

-We don't know.

An expansion cloud chamber.

The bubble chamber which uses liquefied gas

as the medium for making visible the paths of charged particles, was

the invention of which US physicist who won a Nobel Prize in 1960?

I think, it's Anderson, or something?

Anderson?

No, Donald Glaser.

The diffusion cloud chamber,

developed by Alexander Langsdorf in the 1930s is continuously sensitive

to ionising radiation and generally uses which common cooling agent?

Dry ice?

Dry ice.

Correct, solid CO2.

We're going to take a music round now.

You're going to hear

an extract from an opera, 10 points if you can name the composer.

MAJESTIC, BRASS-LED PIECE

Bizet?

You can hear a little more, Homerton, that's wrong.

PIECE CONTINUES

Rossini?

No, it's Offenbach.

Bonuses in a moment or two,

10 points for this starter question.

The celebrated 10 volume Treatise De Architectura was written in

the 1st century BC by which Roman military engineer and architect?

Vitruvius?

Vitruvius is correct, yes.

So, that was Orpheus In The Underworld by Offenbach.

Your bonuses,

three more excerpts from works based on the story of Orpheus.

Five points for each composer you can name.

Firstly, the composer of this 17th-century piece.

JAUNTY OPERA CHORUS BACKED BY PERCUSSION

Well, it could be?

Could be Monteverdi.

Monteverdi?

It was Monteverdi, yes. Secondly, the composer of this 20th-century piece.

BOMBASTIC STRINGS AND TIMPANI

-Could it be Stravinsky?

-Stravinsky.

It is Stravinsky, yes, and finally the composer of this 18th-century piece.

ROMANTIC FLUTE MELODY WITH STRINGS BACKING

Is it Gluck or Weber, which one?

Weber or Webern?

-Weber.

-No, it is Gluck. Ten points for this.

From a Hindi term meaning foreign, what word was used during the First World War

to describe a wound serious enough to require recuperation at home?

-Blunty?

-No. You lose five points, I'm afraid.

..recuperation at home, used in army slang as an affectionate term for Britain?

I'll tell you, it's Blighty.

Ten points for this, answer as soon as you buzz.

If A is one, B is two, et cetera,

what letter comes next in the sequence that begins A-A-B-C-E-H?

J.

No, I'm going to offer it to you.

-K.

-No, it is M. They are Fibonacci numbers, 13.

Another starter question. According to Juvenal, it is not hard to write.

Jonathan Swift described it as?

-Satire.

-Satire is right, yes.

Your bonuses are on 17th-century generals.

The son of a favourite of Elizabeth I, who became the first commander of the Parliamentary army in 1642,

but resigned his commission in 1645?

WHISPERING

Let's have an answer, please.

-Essex.

-Correct. Robert Devereux, the Third Earl of Essex.

Nicknamed Black Tom in reference to his swarthy complexion, which Yorkshire-born soldier

replaced Essex as commander and led the army to victory at the Battle of Naseby in 1645?

Fairfax.

Correct, which general fought with Cromwell at the Battle of Dunbar in Scotland in 1650,

but later played a key role in the restoration of Charles II?

WHISPERING

Come on, let's have it, please.

-Come on.

-We don't know.

It was George Monck, the Duke of Albemarle.

The provinces of which EU member state are sometimes known

by the Anglicised term Voivodeship? They includes Mazovia, Pomerania...

Romania.

No, I'm afraid you lose five points. They include Mazovia, Pomerania and Silesia?

-Poland.

-Poland is correct, yes.

Your bonuses this time are on Italian artists.

What was the surname of the Venetian renaissance artist Jacapo and his sons Gentile and Giovanni?

The latter's works include The Agony In The Garden in the National Gallery.

-Gellini.

-No, it is Bellini.

Bellini's The Agony In The Garden is thought to be influenced by a painting of the same name

also in the National Gallery by which artist who was also Bellini's brother-in-law?

WHISPERING

Come on.

Nominate Faxhall.

Michaelangelo?

No, it is by Mantegna. Finally, Gentile Bellini is known for a portrait now in the National Gallery

of the ruler of which power at whose court he worked from 1479-81?

Don't know.

The Vatican?

Come on.

-Vatican.

-No, the Ottoman Empire.

Ten points for this, what part of the psychic apparatus defined by Freud

is an anagram of the Roman numerals for number 501?

-Id.

-1D is correct.

Your bonuses this time are on Victorian clergymen.

William Buckland, who became Dean of Westminster in 1845,

was a prominent contributor to which science?

-Paleontology.

-Correct, and geology.

Secondly for five points, born 1828, the Reverend Octavius Pickard-Cambridge

was a noted authority on members of what terrestrial class of the filum arthropoda?

WHISPERING

Come on.

Wood lice.

No, it is arachnids, specifically spiders.

Built in the late 1870s by the Manchester clergyman George Garrett

and designed for use in war, Resurgam was the name given to two early vessels

in what general category of water craft?

-Dreadnoughts?

-Maybe submarines.

-Submarines?

-Correct.

We're going to take a picture round,

you're going to see portraits of two European royal figures.

For ten points I want you to give me the name of their eldest child.

-Maria?

-Anyone like to have a go from Homerton?

-Louis the 14th?

-Louis the 14th is correct,

that is Louis 13th and Ann of Austria.

Your bonuses, three pairs of portraits of European royalty.

In each case, identify one of their children.

Firstly the eldest son of this couple.

Let's have an answer, please.

Alexander II.

No, Tsar Nicholas II. That was Alexander III and the Emperor Maria Feodorovna.

Secondly, the only child of this couple to reach adulthood.

WHISPERING

Let's have it, please.

Henry of Navarre.

No, Mary, Queen of Scots. That's Mary of Guise and James V.

And finally the only daughter of this couple.

That's Queen Victoria. Queen Victoria.

-Queen Victoria.

-It is, that was the Duke of Kent, her father.

Ten points for this. Belum, Salvador, Porto Alegre, Curitiba and Belo Horizonte...

Brazil.

Brazil is correct, yes.

Get all three of these bonuses you're level pegging, they're on chromosomes.

The tandemly repeated short sequences of DNA called the telomere

are found on which area of a chromosome?

-The ends.

-Correct.

What term denotes any of the basic proteins containing a high proportion of lysine

and arginine residues and associated with the folding of eukaryotic chromosomes?

-Histones.

-Correct.

How many chromosomes are present in a human spermatozoon?

-23.

-23 is correct.

Ten points for this, what double letter initial links the authors

of Dialogue Concerning The Two Chief World Systems, New Grub Street, and the Tin Drum.

-GG.

-GG is right, yes.

Your bonuses now are on a place name. The assizes of 1612 that tried most of the so-called Pendle witches

were hold in which town of north-west England granted city status in 1937?

Whitby?

Did he say north-west? Carlisle?

Try Carlisle.

It won't be.

-Carlisle.

-No, it's Lancaster.

The Duke of Lancaster, both the son of Edward III and the father of Henry IV,

is usually known by what name after his place of birth?

-Nominate Janes.

-John of Gaunt.

-Correct.

Signed in 1979, the Lancaster House Agreement confirmed the independence

of which African country from Great Britain?

South Rhodesia.

Yes, Rhodesia, or Zimbabwe as it now is. Another starter question.

Which country has hosted the Winter Olympic Games more than any other?

Austria.

Homerton, one of you buzz.

-Switzerland.

-No, the USA.

Ten points for this. March 2011 marked the 40th anniversary of which consumer organisation

founded in 1971 after a drinking holiday in Ireland?

Campaign For Real Ale.

Correct. CAMRA, yes.

Your bonuses are on novels that have won the Booker Prize.

In each case, give the title of the work in which the following

locations appear in the opening lines.

Tipperary, Van Diemen's Land, Victoria and Donnybrook.

MUMBLING

Can we have an answer, please?

-You never listen to me!

-Vernon God Little.

No, it's the True History of the Kelly Gang.

Beijing, Capital Of The Freedom-loving Nation Of China

and Electronic City Phase One, just off Hosur Main Road, Bangalore, India.

Slumdog Millionaire?

-I don't think that's won the Booker.

-Come on!

-White Swans.

No, it's the White Tiger.

Finally Dr Narlikar's nursing home in Bombay?

Midnight's Children.

Correct. Two and a half minutes to go, ten points.

What did JF Kennedy describe ironically as a city of southern efficiency and northern charm?

-Washington DC.

-Washington DC is right.

Your bonuses now are on biochemistry.

What element is present in the molecule of the amino acid glucosamine, but not in glucose?

-Come on.

-Nitrogen.

Correct. Peptidoglycan in the cell walls of bacteria is a polymer

of an N-acetylglucosamine and which other monosaccharide?

No, sorry.

It's similar, but I can't.

-Pass.

-It's N-acetylmuramic acid.

Finally, what polymer of glucosamine residues is the main component

of the exoskeletons of crustaceans and the cell walls of fungi?

-Kaitin.

-Kaitin is correct, yes. Ten point for this.

Answer as soon as you buzz.

How many days are in the first three months of a leap year?

-91.

-91 is correct.

Your bonuses are on Welsh food. Which rich cake is traditionally made from flour,

dried vine fruits soaked in tea, mixed spice and honey? Its name means speckled bread.

We're in the dying minutes.

-Laverbread.

-No, it is bara brith.

Made with oatmeal and red-tinged seaweed, which food is fried as a breakfast dish

and has the Welsh name bara lawr.

-Laverbread.

-Yes.

Which dish is known in Welsh as caws pobi?

-Welsh rarebit.

-Correct. Another starter question now.

The cause of malaria, which genus of parasitic protozoa...?

Anophelese.

I'm afraid you lose five points. ..is transmitted by the bite of a female anopheles mosquito?

-Is it tryptizol?

-No, it is plasmodium.

10 points for this. The martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev and Guru Nanak's birthday

are among festivals in which religion?

Is it Sikhism?

Sikhism is correct, your bonuses are on a shared word element.

From the Latin name of a forest deity, what adjective is used poetically for something associated

with or characteristic of woods and woodlands.

-Nominate Janes.

-Silvan.

-Right.

Named after a 17th-century anatomist, the deep lateral sylvian fissure

is found in which part of the body?

Come on.

Lower back.

-No, it's the brain.

-GONG SOUNDS

At the gong, Homerton College, Cambridge have 145,

Clare College, Cambridge have 170.

It was a very closely-fought match and we shall be seeing both of you.

Homerton you have got to win two more matches, you've got to win one more, Clare College.

I hope you can join us next time for another quarter final match

when our teams continue their fights for a place in the semis.

-Until then, it is goodbye from Homerton College, Cambridge.

-Goodbye.

-It is goodbye from Clare College, Cambridge.

-Goodbye.

-And it is goodbye from me, goodbye.

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