Episode 30 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge. Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Last time, we saw Worcester College, Oxford

become the first team to win a place in the semifinals.

Under the protocol of this competition which,

like the peace of God, passeth all understanding,

two teams who lost their first quarterfinal matches

are now playing each other.

Whoever wins will compete again for a semifinal place.

Whoever loses will leave the competition.

The team from Manchester University saw off Selwyn College, Cambridge in the first round

and Christ Church, Oxford in the second but then lost to University College, London

in the first of their quarterfinals despite being buoyant on the economy,

familiar with the concept of ecstasy and knowing

more than we might have imagined about the marketing of lipstick.

Let's meet the Manchester team again.

Hi, I'm Luke Kelly, I'm from Ashford in Kent and I'm studying History.

Hi, I'm Michael McKenna from St Anne's in Lancashire, studying Biochemistry.

And their captain...

I'm Tristan Burke from Ilkley in West Yorkshire and I'm studying English Literature.

Hello, I'm Paul Joyce from Chorley in Lancashire

and I'm studying for a Masters in Social Research Methods and Statistics.

APPLAUSE

The team from Newcastle University took an early lead in their first quarterfinal

against Worcester College, Oxford

and they'd clearly mugged up on Sun Tzu's The Art Of War, always handy prep for a contest

like this but not enough to give them victory at the gong.

Let's see if they can pull off a win tonight.

Hi, I'm Ben Dunbar, I'm from Heywood, Greater Manchester.

I'm studying for a Masters degree in Public Health and Health Services Research.

I'm Ross Dent from Chester-le-Street in County Durham, studying Economics.

And their captain...

Hello, I'm Eleanor Turner,

I'm originally from London and I'm studying Medicine.

Hello, I'm Nicholas Pang, I'm from Malaysia and also studying Medicine.

APPLAUSE

You don't need reminding of the rules so fingers on buzzers, here's your first starter for 10.

Self-Portrait With Bandaged Ear by Van Gogh,

Manet's Bar At The Folies-Bergere, Rubens' Landscape By Moonlight

and Breughel's Flight Into Egypt all form part

-of the collection of which London art gallery named...?

-BUZZER

-Courtauld.

-The Courtauld is correct.

First bonuses to you then, they're on returning to power.

Firstly for five points, meaning the recovery or regaining

of something lost, the term "readeption" is usually

applied to the return to the English throne of which king in 1470?

-Henry IV?

-No, Henry VI I think.

-OK, Henry VI.

-Correct.

John-Bertrand Aristide became the first democratically elected

president of which Caribbean country in 1990? Removed by a coup

in 1991, he was restored to power with US intervention in 1994.

-Haiti.

-Correct.

What name is popularly given to the period between March and June 1815

from Napoleon's resumption of power

after his exile on Elba to his defeat at Waterloo?

-The Hundred Days.

-Correct. Another starter question now.

A jaded, worldly-wise expression suggesting that an experience

may be less than wholly favourable,

for what does the internet abbreviation BT, DT, GTTS stand?

I'm surprised. "Been There, Done That, Got The T-Shirt."

10 points for this. According to Mercutio in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet,

-what is the name of the fairies' midwife...?

-BUZZER

-Queen Mab.

-Queen Mab is right.

Your bonuses are on a scientist, Manchester.

Which scientist gives her name to the prominent medical, biological and biophysical research institute

in Paris that she founded along with Claudius Reygaud in 1921?

-Curie?

-1921, did he say? Could be.

-Um, Marie Curie.

-Correct.

"We believe the substance we have extracted from pitchblende

"contains a metal not yet observed." What did

Marie Curie call this new element after the place of her birth?

-Polonium.

-Polonium.

-Correct.

In 1903, Marie and Pierre Curie shared the Nobel Prize for Physics

with which French scientist, who gives his name

to the SI derived unit of radioactivity?

-Nominate McKenna.

-Becquerel?

-Becquerel is correct. 10 points for this.

What term indicates the theory of quantum gravity that was

elucidated by Michael Green and John Schwartz in the 1980s

and is sometimes referred to as the Theory Of Everything?

The name derives from the idea that matter takes the form of open

or closed loops rather than point-like particles.

Superstring theory?

Correct, yes. String theory.

Your bonuses, Newcastle, are on The Iliad.

In the opening lines of The Iliad, the poet invokes the goddess

to sing because at the cursed anger of which Greek hero?

-Cursed anger, Greek hero... Is Achilles Greek?

-Yeah.

Possibly. Agamemnon?

-Agamemnon?

-No, Achilles.

-Achilles?

-Achilles is right.

Later, whose death causes Achilles

to say, "I will make these Trojan women and deep-bosomed daughters of Dardanus

"wipe the tears from their tender cheeks with both their hands

"to raise the dirge"?

-Hector, surely?

-Hector, Patroclus.

-Hect... Oh.

-Who would you go with, Patroclus? Patroclus?

-Correct.

Who's the mother of Achilles who preserves the body of Patroclus

from decay and gives her son the armour made for him by Vulcan?

She's a nymph or something, isn't she?

-I can't remember her name though.

-Leda? I'm not sure.

-It's not... Is it Leda? I don't know.

-Leda?

-No, it's Thetis. 10 points for this.

Born in 1883, the Dutch musicologist Anthony Van Hoboken gives his name

to a catalogue of the works of which Austrian composer

whose 104 numbered symphonies include those

popularly known as Farewell, Oxford, London and Surprise?

-Haydn?

-Haydn is right, yes.

Your bonuses this time are on joints in the human body.

Firstly for five points,

joints are called fibrous or cartilaginous if they're immovable or slightly movable.

What name, referring to a fluid and membrane,

-is given to joints that are freely movable?

-Synovial.

-Synovial.

-Correct.

The olecranon on is the bony projection behind which joint?

Shoulder joint?

-Shoulder.

-No, it's the elbow. Which disease caused by crystallisation of uric acid results

in painful inflammation of smaller joints especially that of the big toe?

-Gout.

-Correct. We'll take a picture round now.

For your picture starter, you'll see a British military symbol.

10 points if you can tell me which regiment it represents.

BUZZER

-The SAS?

-No, Manchester?

The Parachute Regiment.

The Parachute Regiment is correct.

Following on from the paratroopers' symbol for your bonuses,

three more symbols of UK military units.

-Five points for each you can correctly name.

-Firstly...

-Something to do with cannons.

-Royal Artillery?

-Royal Artillery.

-Correct, secondly...

That's Mercury, is that going to be the Medical Corps or something?

-Yeah.

-Do you reckon? The Medical Corps.

-No, that's the Royal Corps of Signals.

-And finally...

-Tank Regiment?

-Is that a such thing?

-There's a tank.

-Anyone?

-I'd go with that.

-The Tank Regiment?

-The Royal Tank Regiment is correct, yes.

10 points for this. What group of people are represented

by the trade union founded in 1918 and known since 2001 as the FDA,

derived from the First Division Association?

It joined the TUC in 1997...

BUZZER

-Civil servants.

-Yes, senior civil servants, that's right. I'll accept that.

Your bonuses are on words, specifically new definitions recently added

to existing words in the Online Oxford English Dictionary.

Firstly for five, "A style of collarless neckline

"that closes with a short row of buttons or press studs," was added

to which headword also defined as a town on the Thames in Oxfordshire?

-Windsor?

-Windsor, maybe.

-That's a knot.

-Windsor collar.

Why not? Windsor.

-No, it's Henley.

-Sorry.

"Designating debt which has a high risk of default," was added to

the meanings of what word initially defined as, "Of the nature of a poison."

-Toxic.

-Correct.

What meaning ingrained dirt was given this extra definition?

"A genre of popular music originating in east London

"characterised by a minimal, prominent rhythm, a very low-pitched baseline and vocals by an MC."

-Grime.

-Grime is correct, yes.

10 points for this. Quote: "My intention was to present in the form of an interesting story,

"a faithful picture of working-class life or especially of those

"engaged in the building trades in a small town in the south of England."

-The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists by Robert Tressell?

-Correct.

Your bonuses this time, Manchester, are on a country.

2009 saw the death of Omar Bongo, Africa's longest serving leader

who'd been president of which oil-rich nation for over four decades?

-Nigeria?

-No, no.

-Equatorial Guinea?

-Yeah, could be.

-OK, Equatorial Guinea.

-No, it was Gabon.

Gabon is one of the world's foremost producers and exporters

of which hard, brittle transition metal extracted mainly from the ore, pyrolusite?

-Bauxite?

-No.

-What's that?

-Metals, go for...

-I was just going to say that.

-No, say magnesium.

-Magnesium.

-No, it's manganese.

And on which inlet of the Eastern Atlantic does Gabon lie?

-Which...?

-Inlet of the Eastern Atlantic. The Nigerian...

-Gold Coast?

-Gold Coast?

-Gold Coast.

-No, it's the Gulf of Guinea. 10 points for this.

What is the term for the amount of energy required to change

one gram of liquid to gas at its boiling point?

The latent heat...of fusion.

OK, I'll accept latent heat of vaporisation, it's also the enthalpy of vaporisation.

Right, 15 points for these bonuses. They're on quotations.

For each answer, I want you to give me the title of a novel and its author.

The title will be the words that complete

each of the following lines.

Firstly for five points,

"I will show you something different from either your shadow at morning

"striding behind you or your shadow at evening rising to meet you. I will show you fear in..."

-A Handful Of Dust by Evelyn Waugh.

-Correct.

"Away! Away! For I will fly to thee, not charioted by Bacchus

"and his pards but on the viewless wings of Poesy, though the dull brain

"perplexes and retards. Already with thee!"

-Anyone?

-Wings Of The Dove?

-Yeah, that's what I'd go for.

-Wings Of The Dove.

-No, Tender Is The Night by F Scott Fitzgerald.

Finally, "Any man's death diminishes me because I'm involved in mankind,

"and therefore, never send to know..."

-For Whom The Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway.

-Correct.

Another starter question now. What word means a hole cut in one part of a framework

to receive a corresponding projection on another

and so can denote a type of door bolt or lock that can be housed

by such a space and, by association, the key used in such a lock?

-Mortise?

-Mortise is right, yes.

Your bonuses, Manchester, are on physics.

Respectively singular and plural, what shape characterises

two different optical effects named after Einstein and Newton?

-Refraction?

-Can you have Einsteinian refraction?

-Think so.

-OK.

-Go for that.

-Refraction.

-It's ring or rings.

Newton's rings, which can be seen when a convex lens is placed on

a flat surface, are produced by what basic phenomenon of wave mechanics?

Um...interference.

-Interference?

-Yeah, try that.

-Interference.

-Correct.

An Einstein ring is a distorted image of a distant astronomical source produced by

-an effect known by what two-word name?

-Is that red shift?

-No, gravity lensing, isn't it?

-Gravity lensing.

Gravitational lensing, yes, I'll accept that.

Right, 10 points for this.

The poetry of Byron, a French edition of Don Quixote,

an 1866 English Bible and works by Coleridge, Milton and Dante

were all illustrated by which prolific French artist and engraver?

-Dore?

-Gustave Dore is correct.

You get a set of bonuses this time, Manchester, on a philosopher.

Born in 1813, which Nordic philosopher is widely considered

to be the progenitor of modern existentialism,

most notably expounded in his concluding unscientific postscript?

-Kierkegaard.

-Correct.

Expressed in the 1845 work, Stations On Life's Way,

Kierkegaard's theory of intellectual development contains three stages.

One is aesthetic. For five points, name either of the others.

-No idea.

-No.

-No, sorry.

-It's ethical or religious.

And finally separated by a forward slash,

which two words translate Enten-Eller,

the title of an 1843 work by Kierkegaard meaning

-an unavoidable choice between alternatives?

-Either/or.

-Correct.

We'll take a music round now. For your music starter,

you'll hear two extracts from pieces by composers

who are related to one another.

10 points if you can give me their familial relationship.

So listen to both pieces before answering.

CLASSICAL MUSIC PLAYS

FIRST PIECE FADES

CLASSICAL MUSIC PLAYS

-Father and son.

-No. You may hear a little bit more, Newcastle.

SECOND PIECE RESUMES

-Uncle and nephew?

-No. How remarkably sexist of you!

No, it's brother and sister, the Mendelssohns.

Music bonuses shortly, another starter in the meantime. 10 points for this.

The first volume of memoirs by which novelist were put into print in 2010,

-their publication delayed for 100 years in accordance with...

-BUZZER

-Mark Twain.

-Mark Twain is right.

So we follow on from Fanny and Felix Mendelssohn, whom you heard

in that music starter, with bonuses, three more pairs of composers.

In each case I want you to tell me the familial relationship between the two.

Once more, you've got to listen to both pieces of music, of course. Firstly, this pair.

CLASSICAL MUSIC PLAYS

I can't even date that.

SECOND PIECE FADES IN

-Brothers?

-Yeah.

Brothers.

No, that's Mr and Mrs Schumann.

Secondly, this pair...

OPERA PLAYS

English opera...

Old English opera.

What is old English opera?

Purcell.

Did Purcell write operas?

What are we going to go for?

Give me a familial relationship.

Shall I go for brothers again? Brothers.

It was brothers.

-You get to the point anyway, do you know which ones?

-No.

-It was the Purcell brothers.

-And finally, these...

CLASSICAL MUSIC PLAYS

CUCKOOS AND BIRDS TWEETING BELLS RING

The Cuckoo Clock Suite.

Have we had father and son yet?

OK, shall we go for that?

Father and son.

It was, Mozart, father and son.

10 points for this - in astronomy, declination

and right ascension are measured with respect to the celestial sphere

having as the origin what point of the year?

No, sorry, it's gone.

Summer solstice?

No, it's the vernal equinox.

10 points for this - Deriving its name from the Dutch for Wildcat Creek,

which mountain area in south-eastern New York State features

prominently in Washington Irving's story, Rip Van Winkle?

The Catskills.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on physics, Manchester.

What is the SI-derived unit of thermal conductivity?

-Ampere.

-No, it's watts per metre per kelvin.

Secondly, among metals, what element has the highest thermal

conductivity of 430 watts per metre per kelvin at room temperature?

Silver.

Correct.

In the one-dimensional case, how thick slab of silver will be needed

to maintain a temperature difference of 10 kelvin

with a heat loss of 43 watts per square metre?

It sounded like a simple bit of maths.

4.3.

4.3?

No, it's 100 metres.

10 points for this - writing in 1620, Francis Bacon noted

that three things had changed the whole face and state of things throughout the world.

One of these was the compass.

For 10 points, name either of the other two.

The discovery of the New World.

No.

The wheel.

No, it's printing and gunpowder.

10 points for this sometimes known as the Wolf Berry,

what is the Chinese-derived common name of Lycium barbarum,

a red fruit acclaimed for its nutritive properties?

-Lingzhi?

-No, anyone want to buzz from...

Goji.

Goji Berry is correct, yes.

Manchester, your bonuses are on 18th-century clergymen.

The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne

is a work of 1789 by which Hampshire clergyman?

Paley? With an EY on the end?

-Paley.

-No, it's Gilbert White.

Born in 1702, which Presbyterian minister gives his name

to a theorem on inverse probability presented in essays

towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances.

-Bayes?

-Bayes.

-Correct, Thomas Bayes.

Appearing in several volumes from 1760,

The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy is the work of which Yorkshire clergyman?

Laurence Sterne.

Correct, 10 points for this starter question which theatre on the Strand

was named after the district developed by architect Robert Adam

and his brothers in the late 18th century?

The Aldwych?

No, someone buzz from Manchester?

The Temple?

No, it's the Adelphi. 10 points for this

what activity links Lorca's poem, Weeping for the Death of Ignacio Sanchez Mejias

Picasso's La Corrida, and Ernest Hemingway's Death In the Afternoon?

Bullfighting.

Bullfighting is correct.

Your bonuses this time are on a city.

Lying at the foot of Mount Uludag,

Bursa is the fourth-largest city of which Mediterranean country?

Mediterranean country Cyprus?

-Malta?

-Does that have four cities?

I'd go for Malta.

At the bottom of a mountain, does Malta have mountains?

-Malta.

-No, it's Turkey.

The tone of Isnik in Bursa province was the site of a Christian Council of AD 325.

-How's this council better known in English?

-Nicaea.

Correct. Bursa is the home of Iskender,

generally reckoned to be Turkey's most popular version of what dish?

-Kebab.

-Correct.

We're going to take a second picture round now.

For your picture starter, you're going to see a painting

showing a scene from American history.

For 10 points, name the historical figure who's also named

in the title of the painting.

Christopher Columbus.

Christopher Columbus. It's The Landing Of Columbus.

It's one of eight canvasses hanging in the Rotunda of the US Capitol building

in Washington DC.

Your bonuses are three more of those works,

all depicting scenes from early North American history.

Five points for each historical figure you can name.

Firstly, who's the central figure on horseback in this?

-George Washington?

-Yeah.

-George Washington?

-George Washington.

-No, that's Lord Cornwallis. The Surrender there of.

Secondly, the kneeling female figure in this one, please.

-Pocahontas?

-It looks like...

THEY CONFER

-Go for that.

-Which one?

-Pocahontas.

-OK.

-Pocahontas.

-The Baptism of Pocahontas.

And finally, this group of people.

-Pilgrim Fathers, presumably?

-Looks like it.

-The Pilgrim Fathers.

-It is.

Right, ten points for this. Armand Jean du Plessis,

The First Minister of France from 1624 to 1642,

is more commonly known by what name?

Cardinal Richelieu?

Correct.

Bonuses this time, Manchester, on British coins.

Since September 1992, which two British coins have been made of copper-plated steel?

-One and two pence?

-Probably.

-One and two pence.

-Correct.

The alloy used for 5p, 10p, 20p and 50p coins consists principally

of which two metallic elements?

Nickel and... I think...

I was thinking that was copper as well but it probably won't be.

Nickel and...

Nickel and copper.

Correct. The two-pound coin has a cupronickel centre and an outer ring

made of which alloy, also used to make £1 coins?

-The gold one, but what is it?

-Brass, maybe.

-Do you reckon?

-Not sure.

-Come on.

Brass.

Nickel-brass, I wanted.

10 points for this.

Named after the 18th-century explorer, the Cook Strait separates...

-North and South Island.

-Of New Zealand. Correct, yes.

Your 15 points for these bonuses. They're on an English poet and dramatist, Newcastle.

All For Love, a reworking of Shakespeare's Anthony and Cleopatra,

is a work by which Restoration author?

-Restoration... Just think of...

-Um, Restoration... John Dryden.

-Dryden.

-Correct.

Which poem of 1681 by Dryden adapts a story from the Old Testament to satirise

the role of Lord Shaftesbury and the Duke of Monmouth in the Exclusion Crisis?

Samson and Delilah...

Samson and Delilah.

No, it's Absalom and Achitophel. And finally, set in Sicily,

which comedy of 1673 by Dryden shares it's title with a later series

of six paintings by William Hogarth, now in the National Gallery?

-The Rake's Progress.

-No. Marriage A La Mode.

10 points for this. The red sulphide cinnabar is the chief ore of which me...

Mercury.

Mercury is right. Your bonuses now are on layers of the atmosphere.

The name of which layer of the atmosphere means, in part, turning? It's marked by convection

-and a decrease of temperature with height.

-Troposphere.

Correct. The ionosphere lies primarily within which layer of the atmosphere?

It begins at about 85km and within it the temperature can rise to over 1,000 degrees Celsius.

-Thermosphere.

-Correct.

What name is given to the layer situated above the stratosphere and separated from it

-by the stratopause?

-Mesosphere?

-Mesosphere.

-Mesosphere is right.

-10 points for this.

-Pashto and Dari are the official languages of...

-Afghanistan.

-Afghanistan is right.

Your bonuses this time are on sport.

What's the nationality of the tennis player Novak Djokovic, the first player from his country

-to win a Grand Slam?

-Serbian.

-Right.

Which Serbian football club is the only one to have won a UEFA competition?

-Red Star Belgrade.

-Correct.

Serbia won the 2009 championship in which aquatic team sport, admitted to the Olympics

-at the 1900 games?

-Water Polo.

-Correct.

Starter question. Born in Lancashire in 1917,

formerly married to Max Ernst and based for much of her life in Mexico City...

Leonora Carrington.

Er, no. You lose five points.

The artist Leonora Carrington is principally associated with which artistic style?

-Cubism.

-No, it's surrealism.

10 points for this. Listen carefully.

Putting the English preposition "in" into the French word for an "inn"

gives the name of which fruit, eaten as a vegetable?

Tomato.

Good heavens, no.

-Pineapple.

-No, it's aubergine, as in "auberge."

Ten points for this.

Which part of the human body suffers paralysis in the condition known as glossoplegia?

The tongue.

Right. Your bonuses this time are on pairs of anagrams, Manchester.

In each case, give both words from the definitions.

Firstly, a large company of musicians and a large quadruped used for heavy work.

-Orchestra and...

-It wouldn't be orchestra.

It could be. There's lots of anagrams of orchestra.

Come on, chaps.

-Orchestra and...reschatro.

-No, no. It's orchestra and carthorse.

Secondly, a landlocked African country and a verb meaning to rule over.

-Reign and Niger.

-Reign and Niger.

-Correct.

An adolescent and a verb meaning produce or create,

for example, electricity.

Generate and teenager.

Correct. Another starter question.

Sir Robert Walpole's successor as prime minister, which nobleman

gave his name to the largest city in the state of Delaware?

Dover.

No. Somebody buzz from Newcastle.

Lord Salisbury.

No, it's the Earl of Wilmington. 10 points for this. "Bolshevist art controlled by the hand of Moscow"

and "the last judgement of our age" were two of the reactions provoked by which of Picasso's paintings?

-Guernica?

-Guernica is right.

Your bonuses this time are on kings of England.

In each case, give the king whose reign coincided most closely with the papacies of the following.

Firstly, for five points, Gregory VII.

THEY CONFER

-Henry VII.

-No, it's William the Conqueror. Second, Innocent III.

-Any idea?

-Edward II.

-Edward II.

No, it's John. Finally, Leo X and Paul III.

Um... Henry VIII.

Correct. Another starter question.

In 2009, Professor Michael Green succeeded Stephen Hawking to which academic post,

established in 1663? Previous incumbents include Charles Babbage and Isaac Newton.

Astronomer Royal.

No. Newcastle, one of you buzz quickly.

Is it Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge?

Correct, yes. Your bonuses are on Christmas Eve.

The treaty signed on Christmas Eve 1814, ending the 1812 war

between the United States and Great Britain is named after which town, now in Belgium?

Um...

-Charleroi.

-Sorry?

-Charleroi.

-Charleroi?

-Charleroi.

-Charleroi.

-No. Ghent.

Which North African country gained independence

from Italy on Christmas Eve 1951, with King Idris I as its Monarch?

-Libya?

-Libya.

-Come on.

-GONG

-Libya.

-Libya is right. At the gong,

Newcastle University have 95. University of Manchester have 330.

Bad luck. You were a long way off your normal storming performance tonight, Newcastle.

We have to say goodbye to you. Thank you for joining us.

You've been a very entertaining team. Well done, Manchester.

You've won the right to play again! Many congratulations to you.

I hope you can join us next time, but until then it's goodbye

from Newcastle University,

from Manchester University

and from me. Goodbye.

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