Episode 16 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge. Asking the questions -

Jeremy Paxman.

Hello, tonight's match is between two Cambridge colleges

who emerged among the walking wounded from round one.

Although each lost their first contest,

they did so with scores higher than some winning totals in other games.

Whichever team wins tonight will take the final place

in the second round.

The team from Homerton College Cambridge were defeated

rather convincingly in their first round match

with 145 points against the 230 of New College Oxford

but, even so, they impressed us

with their knowledge of the Fibonacci sequence,

Arabic calligraphy

and how much the names of capital cities would be worth

it they were allowed in the game of Scrabble.

Representing one of the University's newest colleges

and with an average age of 19, let's meet the Homerton team again.

Hi, I'm Jack Hooper from Altrincham in Cheshire

and I'm sitting natural sciences.

Hi, I'm Michael Angland.

I'm from Cork in Ireland and I'm studying Arabic and Spanish.

-And their captain.

-Hi, my name's Luke Fitzgerald.

I'm from Hadley in Suffolk and I'm studying history.

Hello, my name is Drew Miley.

I'm from the city of Durham and I'm reading mathematics.

APPLAUSE

Now, King's College may be

the more senior of the two Cambridge institutions competing tonight

but their first-round scores are identical.

King's earned their 145 points against a team of medics

from St George's London.

They trailed for most of the match

but took the lead with only five minutes to go,

merely to lose it again and find themselves 30 points adrift at the gong.

With an average age of 20, let's meet the King's team again.

Hello there, I'm Curtis Gallant.

I'm from North London and I'm a first year classics undergraduate.

Hello, I'm Amber Ace.

I'm from Crieff in Perthshire and I'm also studying classics.

-And now their captain introduces herself.

-Hi, I'm Fran Middleton.

I'm from Chorleywood in Hertfordshire

and I'm doing a PhD in classics.

Hello, I'm James Gratrex. I'm from Leeds and I'm reading physics.

APPLAUSE

Well, let's get on with it then, everyone. Fingers on the buzzers.

Here's your first starter for 10.

Etymologically unrelated, meanings of what three letter word

include a shrub with aromatic leaves used in cookery

and for triumphal crowns, a brown horse...

BUZZER

Bay.

-Bay is correct, yes.

-APPLAUSE

So, the first set of bonuses go to you, King's College.

They are on trijunctions or tripoints.

In other words, places where three geographical boundaries meet.

Firstly, the hill known as the Vaalserberg

lies close to the point where the border of Germany meets

that separating which two other countries?

THEY WHISPER

-It's not Switzerland.

-Czech Republic, maybe.

Poland and the Czech Republic?

No, it's Belgium and the Netherlands.

Secondly, giving its name to an agreement of 1985

aimed at simplifying border controls, the town of Schengen

lies close to the tripoint of which three countries?

China?

No, no, no. There's the Euro agreement is based on Schengen.

Yeah, that's...

THEY WHISPER

Italy, France, Switzerland.

No, it's Germany, France and Luxembourg.

And finally, which major city lies immediately to the south

of the trijunction of Germany, France and Switzerland?

THEY WHISPER

Zurich.

No, it's Basel. Right, 10 points for this.

Rudolph I who became king of Germany in 1273 is often

described as the founder of which European dynasty?

A principal sovereign dynasty from the 15th century,

its prominent members included Maria Teresa and...

BELL

The Habsburgs.

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on biographies by Peter Ackroyd, Homerton College.

Peter Ackroyd's 1995 biography of which poet and artist

describes his birth as taking place above a hosier's shop

in Soho on a November evening in 1757?

THEY WHISPER

Daniel Defoe.

No, it's William Blake.

Published in 1984, Ackroyd's biography of which poet and Nobel laureate describes him

on his entrance to Harvard in 1906 as having,

"That clean cut listlessness which is characteristic of well bred Americans?"

THEY WHISPER

Frost.

No, it's TS Eliot.

Who was the subject of Ackroyd's biography of 2006 in which,

describing his subject's birth,

he notes that in 1564 it was the custom in Warwickshire

to feed a suckling child the brain of a hare cooked down to a jelly?

THEY WHISPER

William Shakespeare.

Correct. Right, another starter question now.

Quote, a large black circle with three 60 degree sections removed

and a smaller black circle inscribed at the centre usually on a yellow...

BELL

Radioactivity.

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on English counties

whose customary abbreviations, when read aloud, become a homophone

or near homophone of a common word.

For example, fastenings in a length of string gives knots

so the answer would be Nottinghamshire.

In each case give the name of the county whose abbreviation

corresponds to the definition.

Firstly, brightness or lustre on a smooth surface.

THEY WHISPER

We don't know.

That's Gloucestershire, as in as in gloss.

Cheers, invigorates or throws a rider.

Buckinghamshire.

Correct.

Loses energy or confidence or droops through lack of water.

-Wiltshire.

-Wiltshire.

Correct. Wilts.

-APPLAUSE

-10 points for this.

What French surname links the philosopher who wrote

The Structuralist Histories, The Birth Of The Clinic and The Order Of Things

and the physicist whose proof that the Earth rotates about its axis

was demonstrated by the pendulum that now bears his name?

BUZZER

Foucault.

-Foucault is correct.

-APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on physics, King's.

Expressed in SI-based units, what quantity is given by

8.85 x 10 to the -12 seconds to the fourth ampere squared per cubic metre kilogram?

Nominate Gratrex.

Permittivity of a vacuum.

Correct. Determining the strength of the electric field within

a medium for a given arrangement of electric charges, permittivity

is more conveniently expressed in SI-derived units of Farads per what?

Per metre?

Correct. If you take a normal pressure

air filled parallel plate capacitor of one micro farad

then double the separation between its conducting plates

and replace the air with a dielectric of relative permittivity

of 1,000, what, in micro farads, is the new device's capacitance?

HE WHISPERS

500.

-Correct. Well done.

-APPLAUSE

Right, level pegging and we're going to take our first picture round.

For your picture starter,

you'll see a diagram of some of the UK's tallest buildings.

10 points if you can give me the precise name of the one highlighted.

BELL

Canary Wharf.

No. I want the precise name.

BUZZER

One Canada Square.

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

That gives you the lead.

These bonuses are three more of the UK's tallest buildings.

Five points for each you can name.

Firstly, the building highlighted here.

WHISPERING

Pass. We don't know.

That's the Beetham Tower here in Manchester.

Secondly, this specific address of this building.

It's the Gherkin but it's the 30 St Mary's Axe something.

Nominate Gallant.

30 St Mary's Axe.

Yeah, I'll accept that. 30 St Mary Axe.

Yes, the Gherkin. Well done.

And finally, by what name has this been known since 1998?

THEY WHISPER

Sorry, we don't know.

That's Tower 42 previously known as the NatWest Tower.

10 points for this.

Named after the French biologist who published it in the early 1800s,

which now discredited theory of biological evolution held that...

BELL

Lamarckism.

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

These bonuses, Homerton College, are on American photographers.

Firstly, for five, married to the painter Roland Penrose,

which photographer born in 1907 is remembered

both for her fashion shoots

and for her evocative photographs of the liberation of Paris in 1944?

Do we know any American photographers?

Anne Leibovitz.

No, it's Lee Miller.

Together with her huddled children, Florence Owens Thompson,

an impoverished pea-picker in California,

became the subject in 1936 of Migrant Mother,

the most celebrated image of which photographer?

Anne... Pardon?

Anne Leibovitz.

No. That was Dorothea Lange.

And finally, best known for her work for Rolling Stone

and Vanity Fair, Annie Leibovitz

took the last portraits of which performer

on the day he died in December 1980?

THEY WHISPER

John Belushi.

No, it's John Lennon. 10 points for this.

The birthplace of Karl Marx in 1818,

which German city close to the border with Luxembourg

is the location of the Porta Nigra gate and the basilica

that is the largest intact Roman structure outside Rome?

BELL

Cologne.

Anyone like to buzz from King's College?

It's Trier or Treves.

10 points for this.

What name did Edouard Manet give

to his controversial 1863 portrait of Victorine Meurent?

BUZZER

Olympia.

-Olympia is right, yes.

-APPLAUSE

These bonuses, King's College, are on Chinese history.

Born around 45 BCE, the short rule of the usurper Wang divides

the Western and Eastern periods of which Chinese dynasty?

THEY WHISPER

Qing?

No, its the Han.

An Lushan was a general of Central Asian descent

who rebelled against which dynasty?

Though suppressed, the rebellion caused great loss of life

and a weakening of central authority.

THEY WHISPER

Tan?

No, I can't accept Tan. It's Tang.

And finally, the Taiping and Nien rebellions

were major disturbances during which Chinese dynasty?

THEY WHISPER

-Ming?

-No, It's the Qing. Right, another starter question.

Answer as soon as your named.

If two bananas and one apricot cost 70 pence

and one banana and two apricots cost 80 pence,

how much does one banana and one apricot cost?

BUZZER

50p.

-Correct. Yes.

-APPLAUSE

Right, these bonuses are on place names, King's College.

Lying on Akrotiri Bay, what is the English name of the chief port

and second-largest city of the republic of Cyprus?

THEY WHISPER

It's not... When Nicosia was the capital... There's...

Let's have it, please.

Lefkandi?

No, it's Limassol.

Limavady in Northern Ireland is associated with

which traditional folk tune first transcribed there in the mid-19th century?

THEY WHISPER

Yeah, that makes sense.

Nominate Ace.

Londonderry Air.

Correct. Yes. And finally, the island of Limasawa where Ferdinand Magellan landed

in 1521 after crossing the Pacific is in which present-day country?

I think that might be the Philippines.

The Philippines.

Correct. 10 points for this. Particularly associated with

continental Europe during the first half of the 18th century,

which artistic style is thought to derive its name from

either a French word for shell work

or the Italian word for the earlier baroque period?

BELL

Orinoco.

No. King's college? One of you buzz?

BUZZER

Rococo.

-Rococo is correct.

-APPLAUSE

The Orinoco is a river.

Right, a set of bonuses now for King's College on crystallography.

Born in 1811, which French physicist gives his name

to the infinite set of points generated by discrete transactions

of the primitive vectors of a lattice?

THEY WHISPER

Nominate Gratrex.

Brillouin.

No, it's Auguste Bravais. What name is given, secondly, to the lattice of vectors K

such that E to the IKR equals 1

where R is a vector in the Bravais lattice?

-Reciprocal lattice.

-Correct.

After a French physicist born 1889,

what name is given to the primitive unit cell of the reciprocal lattice?

-That's Brillouin.

-Nominate Gratrex.

That's Brillouin.

It is indeed, yes.

Right, we are going to take a music round now.

For your music starter you'll hear a piece of classical music.

10 points if you can give me the name of the German composer.

CLASSICAL MUSIC PLAYS

BELL

Brahms.

No. You can hear a little more, King's College.

MUSIC RESUMES

BUZZER

Schumann.

No, it's Bruch. It's his Scottish Fantasy.

So, music bonuses shortly. Another starter question now.

The name of which are addictive drug is an anagram of an adjective

that means pertaining to large expanses of sea,

for example the Atlantic and Pacific.

BELL

Cocaine.

Cocaine is correct, yes.

So, following on from Bruch, your music bonuses

you get, Homerton, they are three more pieces

all inspired by Scotland.

In each case I simply want you to name the composer. Firstly, this 19th century French composer.

CLASSICAL MUSIC PLAYS

Debussy?

No, that's Berlioz's Overture To Rob Roy.

Secondly, this 20th century English composer.

CLASSICAL MUSIC PLAYS

Vaughan Williams.

No, that's Peter Maxwell Davies's Orkney Wedding With Sunrise.

And finally, this 19th century French composer.

CLASSICAL MUSIC PLAYS

Debussy?

That is Debussy. Marche Ecossaise.

Right, 10 points for this.

The centre of a diocese dating to the sixth century,

which locality in Denbighshire had its city status

restored in 2012 to mark the Queen's Diamond Jubilee?

BUZZER

Chelmsford.

In Denbighshire? Homerton, one of you buzz.

BELL

St Albans.

No, it's... In Denbighshire again?

No, it's St Asaph. 10 points for this.

Listen carefully. Answer as soon as you buzz.

Four months of the year have exactly the same spelling

in both German and English. For 10 points, name two of them.

BELL

April and September.

Yes, the others are August and November.

So, a set of bonuses for you now, Homerton College,

on mammalian physiology.

Firstly, for five points,

comprising Bowman's capsule, convoluted tubule and loop of Henle,

what is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney?

THEY WHISPER

-Nominate Hooper.

-The renal tubule.

No, it's the nephron.

Receiving blood from an afferent renal arteriole,

what name is given to the network of capillaries in Bowman's capsule?

THEY WHISPER

-Nominate Hooper.

-The glomerulus.

Correct. What term denotes the fine muscular ducts

that propel urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

THEY WHISPER

-Ureter.

-That's correct.

Another starter question. Nantwich Town,

Truro City and Whitley Bay are among recent winners

of which football competition? It replaced...

BELL

FA Vase.

-FA Vase is correct, yes.

-APPLAUSE

Homerton, these bonuses are on the names of politicians.

Luiz Inacio Da Silva added which short nickname to his legal name?

He was elected as his country's president in 2002.

-Lula.

-Correct.

The politician born in 1913 and named Herbert Frahm

adopted what name in order to evade arrest

after the Nazis came to power and he became German Chancellor in 1969?

THEY WHISPER

-Brandt.

-Correct.

Born Leslie Lynch King Jr in 1913.

Who was renamed after his stepfather

and served briefly as vice president

and then president of the United States?

THEY WHISPER

Lyndon Baines Johnson.

No, it was Gerald Ford.

The scores are 100 point apiece. A second picture round.

For your picture starter, you're going to see a fresco.

10 points if you can give me the name of the artist, please.

BUZZER

Raphael.

Raphael is correct. It's the School of Athens.

Now, some of the depictions within it are open to conjecture.

Others are regarded as certain

and from those I want you to identify the following philosophers.

Firstly.

THEY WHISPER

-Socrates.

-That is Socrates. Secondly.

THEY WHISPER

-Diogenes the Cynic.

-Correct.

And finally, from the central point of the composition, both these figures.

THEY WHISPER

Plato and Aristotle.

Indeed. How useful to have three classicists on your team.

APPLAUSE

Right, 10 points for this.

An alkene produced by plants, what gas functions as...

BELL

-Ethene.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses this time, Homerton College,

are on terms that begin with the prefix syn, that's S-Y-N.

In each case give the word from the definition.

Firstly, an adjective applied to the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke

meaning they described events from a similar point of view.

-Synoptic.

-Correct.

A verb meaning to displace the beats or accents in music

so that strong beats become weak or vice versa.

Syncopate.

Correct. And finally,

a figure of speech in which a part is used to represent

the whole or the reverse.

For example, England beat Australia by 10 wickets.

Synecdoche.

Synecdoche is correct.

-10 points for this.

-APPLAUSE

"I suppose the body to be just a statue or a machine made of earth."

Which French philosopher made that statement in the 1633 work

Treaties On Man?

BELL

-Descartes.

-Descartes is correct. You get the lead.

Your bonuses are on fictional planets.

In each case name the author who created the following.

Firstly, Caladan, Chusuk, Parmentier and Arrakis.

THEY WHISPER

-Terry Pratchett.

-No, it's Frank Herbert in the Dune novels.

Secondly, Urras, Davenant, Rokanan and Gethen.

Terry Pratchett.

No, that's Ursula K Le Guin.

And finally, Kalgan, Helicon, Askone, Trantor and Terminus.

THEY WHISPER

Let's have it, please.

-HG Wells?

-No, it's Isaac Asimov in the Foundation series.

10 points for this. In optics

what unit is used to classify the power of a lens

with a dimensional value of inverse metres?

BELL

Is it dioptre?

-It is dioptre, yes.

-APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on medical terminology, Homerton College.

In each case give the anatomical feature denoted by the following

Greek derived prefixes.

Firstly, blepharo.

THEY WHISPER

Eyes?

No, it's the eyelid.

Secondly, spondylo.

THEY WHISPER

-Fingertips.

-No, it's the vertebrae or spine. And finally, myo.

THEY WHISPER

-Heart.

-No, it's muscle.

10 points for this.

"Let simple Wordsworth chime his childish verse

"and brother Coleridge lull the babe at nurse."

Which poet wrote those words in the 1809 satire

English Bards and Scotch Reviewers?

BUZZER

Byron.

-Byron is correct. Yes.

-APPLAUSE

Your bonuses this time are on an EU member state, King's College.

The Gulf of Finland separates Finland from the Russian Federation

and which former Soviet republic?

-Estonia.

-Correct.

A little smaller than the Western Isles, what is the largest

island of Estonia and the second largest in the Baltic Sea?

-Pass, sorry.

-It's Saaremaa.

And finally, Estonia joined the Eurozone on January the 1st of which year?

THEY WHISPER

2010.

No, it's 2011.

Four minutes or so to go. 10 points for this.

In an Acts of the Apostles, to which city was Saul of Tarsus travelling

when he experienced...

BUZZER

-Damascus.

-Damascus is correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on British history, as you retake the lead.

In each case named the 20th century prime minister

who was served by the following chancellors of the Exchequer.

Firstly, Anthony Barber.

THEY WHISPER

MacMillan.

MacMillan.

No, it was Edward Heath. Secondly, Philip Snowden.

THEY WHISPER

-Who?

-Attlee.

-Attlee.

-No, that was Ramsay MacDonald.

And finally, David Lloyd George.

-Oh, that was Asquith.

-Asquith.

Correct. 10 points for this.

What surname is shared by two men who were appointed Home Secretary

within 12 years of each other in 1992 and 2004 respectively?

BUZZER

Green.

No. One of you buzz.

BELL

Reid.

No, it's Clarke. Kenneth and Charles Clarke. 10 points for this.

In 1013, which king of England was forced into exile in Normandy

by the Danish king Sweyn Forkbeard.

He's commonly known by a nickname that means...

BELL

Canute.

No. I'm afraid you lose five points. A nickname that means ill-advised.

BUZZER

-Ethelred.

-Ethelred is correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on a Scottish town.

The traditional haddock dish called a smokie is named after

which town situated on the east coast of Scotland

around 50 miles from Dundee?

Nominate Ace.

-Arbroath.

-Correct.

Arbroath lies in which unitary authority region created in 1996?

It has Forfar as its administrative headquarters.

I want to say Dumfries and Galloway.

GRATREX: East Fife?

East Fife?

No, it's Angus. And finally, the declaration of Arbroath,

a document sent to the Pope in 1320,

was written with the aim of establishing which leader

as King of Scotland in preference to Edward I?

THEY WHISPER

-Let's have it, please.

-James I of Scotland.

-No, it's Robert I.

Robert the Bruce. 10 points for this.

Which US Canadian singer-songwriter

made his debut as a composer of opera in 2009 with Prima Donna?

BUZZER

-Rufus Wainwright.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses, King's College, are on protozoan diseases.

Which site of the human body is infected by Entamoeba histolytica?

THEY WHISPER

Large intestine.

Yes, I'll accept that. The alimentary canal,

the intestine, the gut generally.

What is the insect vector of leishmaniasis?

THEY WHISPER

The liver.

Sandflies.

What is the insect vector of trypanosomiasis

or African sleeping sickness?

Would that be the tsetse fly?

-Nominate...him...Gratrex.

-LAUGHTER

The tsetse fly?

The tsetse fly

is correct, yes. Right, another starter question.

Bergamia, sinensis and aurantium

are three species of which citrus fruit?

Their common names are Bergamot, Sweet and Seville.

BUZZER

Oh, sorry, orange.

Orange is correct, yes.

These bonuses are also on fruit.

Used in Japanese cuisine, the Yuzu, Sudachi and Mikan

are among fruit of what genus?

THEY WHISPER

-Come on, let's have it.

-Lychee.

-No, it's citrus.

Taking the second part of its binomial from its Japanese name,

Diospyros kaki bears sweet, orange fruit that resemble large tomatoes.

What is its common name?

It's not a persimmon, is it? I'm not sure.

A what? Nominate Ace.

Persimmon?

Correct. Or a Sharon fruit.

Often known by the Japanese name nashi,

Pyrus pyrifolia bears a crisp, apple-shaped type of what fruit?

THEY WHISPER

A plum?

No, it's a pear. 10 points for this.

The Webster-Ashburton Treaty

of 1842 adjusted the boundary between the New Brunswick in Canada

and which US state?

BELL

Maine.

Maine is correct. Your bonuses this time are on

the city of Dublin, Homerton College.

The two components of the name Dublin have the same meaning

as those of the name of which English town

located about 130 miles across the Irish Sea?

-Blackpool.

-Correct.

After an annual fair that was outlawed in the 1850s,

the name of which area of Dublin has come to mean

a scene of uproar or disorder?

I don't know that.

-Crumlin.

-No, it's Donnybrook.

The Shadow Of A Gunman is the first of the so-called Dublin trilogy

of plays by which Irish writer born in 1880?

Sean O'Casey.

Correct. Another starter.

Regarded as a major aspect of Portuguese architecture,

-what form of decorative item...

-GONG

And, at the gong,

Homerton College Cambridge have 160,

King's College Cambridge have 205.

APPLAUSE

Well, Homerton,

it was a pretty closely fought match for the first half

but they just drew away from you in the second half

so we shall have to say goodbye to you.

Congratulations, King's College.

We'll look forward to seeing you in round two. Well done.

I hope you can join us next time

for the first of the second round matches.

But, until then, it's goodbye

-from Homerton College Cambridge.

-Goodbye.

-Goodbye from King's College Cambridge.

-Goodbye.

-And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

APPLAUSE

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