Episode 9 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Scotland plays Wales tonight for a place in the second round.

Winners go through automatically, but losers can earn themselves

a stay of execution if their score is high enough.

Founded in the early 15th century,

St Andrews is Scotland's oldest university,

and the third oldest in the UK.

Tonight's team tell us the average student is a bit on the posh side,

and its current student body has a higher proportion

of English students than Scottish. Around 15% of them are from the US.

It's a place where the wearing of the bright red undergraduate gown

is embraced with unusual fervour,

and the degree of carelessness with which it's worn is a coded message of one's seniority.

Alumni include the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge

and Alex Salmond, and George Reid of the Scottish National Party.

The poet Don Paterson teaches in its English department.

Representing around 8,000 students and with an average age of 20,

let's meet the St Andrews team.

Hi, I'm Ben Adams, I'm from Banchory in Aberdeenshire,

and I read English Literature.

Hi, I'm Jim Parsons from Leicester, I'm in fourth year studying History.

And their captain.

My name's James Gray, from Edinburgh,

and I'm studying Classics.

Hi, I'm Andrew Newton, I'm from Inverness and I study Maths.

APPLAUSE

Now, the University of Bangor was founded as the direct result

of a campaign in the late 19th century for the provision

of Higher Education in Wales.

It was originally located in an old coaching inn and it was

supported by public subscription, including voluntary contributions

from the wages of the local population of farmers and quarrymen.

It was a member of the University of Wales for many years,

but now has the power to award degrees itself and its alumni

include the poet RS Thomas and the film director Danny Boyle.

Tonight's four represent around 16,000 fellow students.

Let's meet them.

Hi, my name's Adam Pearce, I'm from Barry in South Wales

and I'm studying a PhD in Translation Studies.

Hi, I'm Mark Stevens from Widnes in Cheshire

and I'm studying Environmental Science.

And their captain.

Hi, I'm Nina Grant, I'm from Enfield and I study French and Linguistics.

Hi, I'm Simon Tomlinson, I'm originally from Manchester

and I'm doing a PhD in Neuropsychology.

APPLAUSE

Usual rules which you will all know, so fingers on the buzzers,

here's your first starter for 10.

The islands of which present day country became a Spanish colony

during the 16th century and were ceded to the USA in 1898?

-The Philippines.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Bonuses are on world history, Bangor.

Which decade of the 20th century

links the Long March of the Chinese Communists,

the Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay and the establishment of Saudi Arabia?

THEY CONFER

-The 1930s?

-Correct.

Which decade of the 19th century saw the end of convict transportation to Australia,

the emancipation of the serfs in Russia and the unification of Italy?

THEY CONFER

-The 1870s?

-The 1860s.

Finally, which decade of the 18th century saw James Cook claim what is now New South Wales for Britain,

and Bostonians threw tea into the harbour in a protest over tax?

-The 1770s.

-Correct. Another starter question.

-APPLAUSE

What was the surname of the two Chancellors of the Exchequer, father and son, who died

on the same date exactly 70 years apart?

The father died in 1895, while the son later became Prime Minister?

Chamberlain.

No, St Andrews, one of you buzz.

Cripps?

Good heavens, there was never a Cripps as Prime Minister. No, it's Churchill. 10 points for this.

Sometimes called the pallium, the layer of epidermal tissue

that encloses the body of a mollusc and secretes the shell

is commonly known by what name, originally meaning a cloak?

In geology, it denotes the Earth's interior between...

-Mantle.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Right, your second set of bonuses are on a playwright.

The Burial Mound and the verse tragedy Brand

were among the early plays of which Nordic dramatist, born 1828?

THEY CONFER

-Henrik Ibsen.

-Correct.

Of which of his plays first performed in 1879 did Ibsen write,

"There are two kinds of spiritual laws and kinds of consciences, one for men and one for women?"

-A Doll's House.

-Correct.

On its London premiere in 1891, the Daily Telegraph described

which of Ibsen's plays as on open drain,

a loathsome sore unbandaged, a dirty act done publicly?

-Hedda Gabler?

-No, it's Ghosts.

10 points for this starter question.

What term was introduced by the US sociologist Robert Merton

in 1957 to describe the following concept,

"In the beginning, a false definition of the situation evokes

"a new behaviour which makes the original false conception come true?"

-Oedipal prophecy.

-No. St Andrews, one of you may buzz.

No, no, it's wrong...

-LAUGHTER

-I assure you.

I'll take your word for it. OK, it's a self-fulfilling prophecy.

10 points for this.

"If a man love the labour of any trade,

"apart from any question of success or fame, the God's have called him."

These words appear in Across The Plains,

a travel memoir of 1892 by which literary figure?

Best known for his adventure novels, he was born in Edinburgh,

and died in Samoa.

-Walter Scott?

-No. St Andrews?

Was it John Buchan?

No, Robert Louis Stevenson. You lose 5 points, Bangor, for the incorrect interruption.

10 points for this starter question.

2010 was the 75th anniversary of the invention of which device?

It was patented by the US publisher Carlton C Magee

after a contest attempting to solve problems

caused by the number of cars in Oklahoma City. Magee...

-The traffic light.

-No, you lose 5 points.

..Magee originally called it the Black Maria?

Taxi.

No, it's a parking meter. 10 points for this starter question.

In quantum physics, which subatomic particle, a meson

with a mass of about 9.4 giga-electron volts and a zero charge,

is thought to consist of a B quark and its antiquark?

It's named after the 20th letter...

Erm, a mu...a muon?

No, I'm afraid you're wrong and I'll have to fine you 5 points.

It's named after the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet?

-Neutrino?

-No, it's a... What?! No, it's an upsilon.

10 points for this. Which tennis venue is named after the pioneering airman who

became the first man to fly non-stop across the Mediterranean?

He was killed when his...

-Roland Garros?

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

OK, you're away now. Your bonuses are on zoology, St Andrews.

In contrast to autotroph, what term describes an organism that is unable

to assimilate inorganic materials and hence uses

complex organic materials as a source of carbon and energy?

THEY CONFER

-Heliotrope.

-No, it's a heterotroph.

Secondly, what Greek-derived term indicates the type of heterotrophic nutrition

when food is first ingested before being digested internally?

It is characteristic of animals.

THEY CONFER

-Chemotrope?

-No, it's holozoic. And finally, what's the principal food of frugivorous animals.

THEY CONFER

-Fruit.

-Correct.

We'll take a picture round.

You'll see a diagram of a sports pitch. 10 points if you can give me

the name of the sport that would normally be played on it.

-Australian Rules Football?

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

So your picture bonuses are three more diagrams of sports pitches or courts.

Again, for 5 points, I want the name of the sport that would normally be played on each of them.

Firstly for 5, the specific sport that uses this pitch?

-Lacrosse.

-Specifically?

-Men's lacrosse.

-No, women's lacrosse.

-AUDIENCE GROANS

Secondly, I want you to name any one of the three sports normally played on a pitch like this.

THEY CONFER

Hurling?

Yes, I'll accept that, or Gaelic Football or International Rules Football.

And finally, this diagram shows the playing area of which indoor sport?

THEY CONFER

-Is it real tennis?

-No, it's racquetball. 10 points for this.

Quote, "Provided the opinions which were quacked out were orthodox,

"it implied nothing but praise."

These words from Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four refer to which

Newspeak word which, perhaps sadly, has yet to enter common usage?

-Duckspeak.

-Yes.

-APPLAUSE

Right, St Andrews, these bonuses are on names.

What name, thought to denote a dog-like or churlish manner,

was given to a member of the school of Greek philosophy which included Diogenes of Sinope?

THEY CONFER

-Cynic.

-Cynic is correct.

Said to contain the most unsociable and unclubable men in London,

the Diogenes Club was co-founded by which fictional character?

THEY WHISPER

-Mycroft Holmes.

-Correct. What is the common name for crustaceans to which the genus Diogenes belongs?

Noted for their use of the shells of other animals to protect their soft abdomens.

THEY CONFER

-Hermit crab.

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

Another starter question. After an American scientist, born in 1914,

what three-word term denotes the torus of plasma surrounding the Earth

that is held in place by the Earth's...?

-Van Allen belt.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Get these bonuses and you'll re-take the lead, Bangor.

They're on a language family. From the Latin for southern and Greek for island,

what term denotes the language family

that had the widest geographic span in pre-Columbian times?

Sometimes known as Malayo-Polynesian, it currently has more than 300 million speakers.

THEY WHISPER

-Australasian?

-No, it's Austronesian.

Secondly, the national language of which large island

is the westernmost outlier of the Austronesian family?

It was probably settled by people from Borneo from around AD 300.

THEY WHISPER

-Sri Lanka.

-No, it is Madagascar.

Annexed by Chile in 1888, which isolated island

is the easternmost outlier of Austronesian family?

-Easter Island.

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

Another starter question.

What given name links Valento in Raymond Chandler's novel

Farewell My Lovely, Von Tussle in the film Hairspray,

Kelly in the musical Chicago and Dinkley in the television series Scooby-Doo?

-Velma.

-Velma is right, yes.

APPLAUSE

Never thought that would be useful, did you?

Your bonuses this time, and you've retaken the lead, are on the Roman Catholic church.

With the beatification of St Maximilian Kolbe

on October 17th, 1971, which Pope began the innovation

of presiding personally at the right of beatification?

THEY WHISPER

-John Paul I?

-No, it was Paul VI.

Who was the last Emperor of Austria-Hungary whose beatification by John Paul II in 2004

met with criticism owing to his authorisation of the use of poison gas by his army in World War I?

-Pass.

-It was the Emperor, Karl I.

Finally, on the last day of his 2010 state visit to Britain,

Pope Benedict beatified which 19th century English prelate noted for his poem The Dream Of Gerontius?

-Henry Newman.

-It was John Henry Newman, yes.

-APPLAUSE

Right, we're going to take a music round. For your starter

you'll hear an excerpt from a piece of popular music. 10 points if you can give me

the name of the band AND the title of the piece.

# Tonight, maybe we're going to run...#

Is it Coldplay, Life In Technicolor?

St Andrews, you can hear a little bit more if you like.

# Dreaming... #

Coldplay, 42.

No, it's Coldplay, Lovers In Japan or Reign Of Love,

so we'll come to the music bonuses shortly. 10 points for this starter question.

The films, Can't Stop The Music, Howard The Duck, The Last Airbender

and Battlefield Earth...

Is it George Lucas?

No, you lose 5 points.

Scientology.

I'd have told you the rest of the question, you didn't have to buzz in, plenty of time,

but that is also wrong, they were all recipients of the Golden Raspberry award for the worst film.

Right, 10 points for this starter question. Written in 1819 whilst he was living in Italy, Shelley's poem

The Mask Of Anarchy was his furious response to learning of which event in England?

-The Peterloo Massacre.

-Yes, it was.

APPLAUSE

Now that Coldplay track was as I mentioned Lovers In Japan.

Your music bonuses are three more popular tracks that feature

the name of a country in the title,

in each case I want you to identify the band and the country. Firstly...

# When I lie there wide awake

# For my son I make

# Tell my boy I love him so... #

THEY WHISPER

# Tell him so he know. #

-Red Hot Chilli Peppers and Mexico.

-No, it's the Red Hot Chilli Peppers and Ethiopia. Secondly...

# Yesterday I spent asleep

# Woke up in my clothes in a dirty heap

# Spent the night trying to make a deadline

# Squeezing complicated lives into a simple headline

# I have your face in an old Polaroid. #

THEY WHISPER

No, not even a wild swing I'm afraid.

That's U2's Cedars of Lebanon. And finally...

# Mes cousins jamais nes

# Hantent les nuits de Duvalier

# Rien n'arrete nos esprits

# Guns can't kill what soldiers can't see. #

THEY WHISPER

-Arcade Fire and Canada?

-No, it is Arcade Fire but it's Haiti.

10 points for this. Listen carefully and answer

as soon as you buzz. A car accelerates from rest at ten metres per second squared

for a period of five seconds.

How far has it travelled?

-Two kilometres.

-No. St Andrews?

-25 metres.

-No, it's 125 metres.

10 points for this. Answer as soon as you buzz. Which words would appear first and last

if the colours of the rainbow were written in alphabetical order?

-Blue and Violet?

-No. Bangor?

-Blue and Yellow.

-Correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses, Bangor, are on volcanic rocks.

From the Greek for fire and broken what specific term

describes igneous rocks made solely or primarily of volcanic material?

-Pyroclastic.

-Correct.

Ultimately from the Latin for smooth, what Italian word is

used for rocks composed largely of pyroxene and plagioclase feldspar

that are formed from molten magma cooled beneath the Earth's surface?

THEY WHISPER

Cabbro.

No, I can't accept that, he obviously had the right answer

but you misheard him, it's gabbro.

And finally, volcanic tuff is a light porous rock chiefly

consisting of the consolidation of what volcanic material?

-Ash.

-Ash is correct.

Right, 10 points for this.

Countess Olenska, Newland Archer and May Welland are characters in which novel by Edith Wharton?

In 1993 it was adapted into a film starring...

-The Age Of Innocence?

-The Age Of Innocence is right.

-APPLAUSE

Your bonuses, St Andrews, are on long stage works.

David Edgar's 8½ hour adaptation of which novel by Charles Dickens

became the longest play ever produced

when it appeared on the London stage in 1980?

THEY WHISPER

-David Copperfield?

-No, it was Nicholas Nickleby.

An epic about the Trojan War. Which cycle of ten plays by John Barton

is named after the legendary King of Sipylus and father of Pelops and Niobe?

THEY CONFER

-Actis?

-No, it's Tantalus.

And finally, comprising the plays Voyage, Shipwreck and Salvage,

The Coast Of Utopia is a 2002 trilogy of around nine hours

in total by which dramatist?

THEY WHISPER

-Tom Stoppard?

-Correct.

10 points for this starter question.

The name of what animal denotes latitudes characterised by calms and light...

-Horse latitudes.

-Horse latitudes is correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses, Bangor, are on science fiction.

Which US author, who died in 2009, created the planet Riverworld,

on which everyone who has ever lived comes back to life,

leading to meetings such as the one between Mark Twain and Cyrano de Bergerac?

THEY WHISPER

-Pass.

-It's Philip Jose Farmer.

Secondly, for 5 points,

the egalitarian world of Anarres is the setting of which novel

by Ursula K Le Guin, subtitled An Ambiguous Utopia?

-Earth Sea?

-No, it's The Dispossessed.

Purpose-built space habitats known as orbitals are the home of

billions of inhabitants in The Culture novels of which Scottish author?

THEY WHISPER

-Iain M Banks.

-Correct.

-APPLAUSE

Time for a second picture round.

You'll see a painting. 10 points if you can identify the artist.

-Is it Matisse?

-No, one of you may buzz from Bangor.

-Raphael?

-No, it's by Picasso, it's called The Source.

So, picture bonuses shortly. Another starter question in the meantime.

Listen up, fingers on the buzzers.

The G6 economic forum of six countries was joined

by Canada in 1976, and then by which other country in 1998?

-Russia.

-Russia is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

So you saw Picasso's The Source for the picture starter,

it's been on display at Tate Britain in 2012, part of an exhibition

illustrating the influence of Picasso on modern British art.

For your picture bonuses you'll see three 20th-century paintings

by British artists featured in that exhibition.

5 points for each you can identify. Firstly...

THEY WHISPER

Gormley.

-Gormley?

-What, Antony Gormley?

LAUGHTER

No, it's Wyndham Lewis' The Vortices. Secondly...

THEY WHISPER

-Nothing.

-That's Duncan Grant's The Tub, and finally this artist...

THEY CONFER

It's the only one we know, so...

-Francis Baker.

-No, it's Francis Bacon, his Crucifixion.

Another starter. Troilite, thought to be the probable mineral of the Earth's core

is a variety of an iron sulphide mineral

and is found in abundance in which objects?

-Meteorites.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

You could retake the lead with these bonuses. They're on physics.

What physical quantity is equivalent to momentum flux or stress

expressed in SI base units as kilograms per metre per second squared?

THEY CONFER

-Thrust?

-No, it's pressure.

What manometric unit of pressure is equal to 1.33 millibars?

THEY CONFER

-Pascal?

-No, it's torr or a millimetre of mercury.

And finally, if the weather is such that standard atmospheric pressure

obtains at sea level, at what integer number of kilometres altitude

would you experience a pressure of about 600 torr?

THEY CONFER

Let's have it, please.

-60 kilometres.

-No, it's two. 10 points for this.

In holometabolous insects, what term denotes the resting stage

during which larvae transform into adults?

-Pupae.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on classical music. In 1796, which Austrian composer wrote Mass In Time Of War

as Napoleon was advancing on Vienna, where the Mass was to be performed?

-Haydn.

-Correct.

The Battle Of Poltava features in Mazeppa,

an opera first performed in 1884 by which Russian composer?

THEY CONFER

-Boradin?

-No, it's Tchaikovsky.

Wellington's Victory, or The Battle Of Vitoria is an orchestral work of 1813 by which composer?

THEY CONFER

-We don't know, sorry.

-It's by Beethoven.

There are less than three minutes.

The Russian port of Rostov lies on the River Don near its point of entry into which inland sea...

-Black Sea.

-No, you lose 5 points.

..separated from the Black Sea by the Crimea?

-The Sea of Asov.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses, Bangor, are on rings.

Three rings discovered by the Voyager One spacecraft in 1979

and initially distinguished as halo, main and gossamer

are a feature of which planet of the solar system?

THEY CONFER

-Uranus.

-No, it's Jupiter.

Four rings of gold braid with a loop in the upper ring

form part of the insignia of which senior rank in the Royal Navy?

THEY CONFER

-Nominate Stevens.

-Admiral of the Fleet.

-No, it's Captain.

Five rings appear on the flag of the Olympic movement, each a different colour.

Name all five colours.

THEY CONFER

-Black, red, yellow, green, blue.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Another starter. In mathematics, for which positive integer N is the n-th root of N largest?

One.

Bangor?

-Two.

-No, it's three.

LAUGHTER

10 points for this. Name the US state that lies between two other states,

all three of which have names beginning with the letter I.

Idaho?

Anyone want to buzz from Bangor?

-Indiana?

-No, it's Illinois. 10 points for this.

Part of the Messner Mountain Museum project, the Museum In The Clouds

is located at over 2,000 metres above sea level in which Italian mountain range?

-The Dolomites?

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on an institution.

Established through the Constitutional Reform Act of 2005,

what body came into existence on October 1st, 2009

to replace the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords?

The High Court of the Judiciary?

No, it's the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.

The Supreme Court is based in which early 20th-century, neo-Gothic

building on Parliament Square, opposite the Palace of Westminster?

-Pass.

-It's Middlesex Guildhall.

Of the first 12 Supreme Court Justices to be appointed,

who was the only woman?

Baroness Warsi?

She's chairman of the Conservative Party, it's Baroness Hale.

10 points for this,

what is the common name of songbirds of the genus motacilla?

British species include the yellow, grey and pied.

-Jackhammer?

-No, anyone want to buzz from Bangor?

-Thrush?

-No, they're wagtails. 10 points for this.

What short word links a Central American republic,

a city of West Texas on the Rio Grande

and a fabled city of gold sought by the Spanish conqui...

El.

El is correct. Your bonuses this time.

END OF ROUND GONG

At the gong St Andrews have 105, Bangor have 125.

CHEERING

You left your comeback too late, St Andrews.

We have to say goodbye to you but thank you for joining us.

We look forward to seeing you in Round Two, Bangor.

Join us next time for another first round match

but until then it's goodbye from St Andrews University...

Goodbye.

..it's goodbye from Bangor University...

-Bye.

-..and it's goodbye from me, goodbye.

APPLAUSE

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