Episode 10 University Challenge

University Challenge.

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Both teams playing tonight represent so-called "plate-glass" universities founded in the 1960s.

There's a place in the second round for the winners.

There may be a place in the play-offs for the losers too if their score is good enough.

The idea for a university at York was first mooted in 1617

and a mere 346 years later, the dream became a reality

with the opening of buildings in the city centre and at Heslington Hall

which developed into its main campus.

It's noted for Europe's largest plastic-bottomed lake,

a feature so attractive to wildfowl that we expect tonight's team to be well versed on the subject

of coots, moorhens, mallards and ducks, both tufted and non-tufted.

Alumni include Greg Dyke, Harriet Harman, Harry Enfield and Anthony Horowitz

and tonight's four, with an average age of 22,

are playing on behalf of around 15,000 fellow students. Let's meet them.

Hi, I'm Greg Carrick from Hull and I'm reading Maths.

I'm Brian Morley from Liverpool.

I'm studying History and English Literature.

-Their captain.

-I'm Jeremy Harris from Hampshire

and I'm studying an MA in Medical History.

I'm Laura Kemp from Colchester in Essex and I'm studying Chemistry.

APPLAUSE

Like their opponents, the University of Bath also came into being

in the wake of the Robbins Report recommending the expansion of higher education.

It received its charter in 1966. Its origins lie in the 19th century Bristol Trade School

which became the Merchant Venturers' Technical College,

an institution whose alumni include Paul Dirac and Peter Higgs,

the man who gave his name to the Higgs boson.

It has its main campus not among the graceful Georgian terraces of the city centre,

but at Claverton Down, described by tonight's team as "concrete abounding".

Alumni of the university include the weatherman Bill Giles

and Heather Stanning who, at the 2012 Olympics, won Britain's first ever gold medal in women's rowing.

Tonight's team are playing on behalf of 14,000 students

and have an average age of 19. Let's meet them.

Hi, I'm Lily Morris from Beaconsfield in Buckinghamshire

and I'm studying Politics with Economics.

Hi, I'm Callum Woof.

I'm from Send in Surrey and I'm studying Chemistry.

-Their captain.

-Hi, I'm Simon Love from Blyth in Northumberland

and I'm studying for a BSc in Mathematical Sciences.

I'm Jack Davies from Buckinghamshire and I'm studying Maths.

APPLAUSE

Usual rules - ten points for starters, 15 for bonuses.

Starters are solo efforts, bonuses are team efforts.

There's a five-point penalty for incorrect interruptions to starters.

Your first starter for ten.

Adversely affecting fishing, agriculture and weather from Ecuador to Chile,

what Spanish name denotes the anomalous appearance every few years...

-El Nino.

-El Nino is correct, yes.

So, the first set of bonuses, York, are for you. They're on names.

In each case, the surname of the first person described is the given name of the second.

For example, CS Lewis and Lewis Carroll.

I want the given name and surname of both the people described.

Firstly, the author of Northanger Abbey and the Foreign Secretary from 1924 to 1929?

WHISPERING

-Jane Austen and Austen Chamberlain.

-Correct.

The third President of the United States

and the President of the Confederate States of America from 1861 to '65?

-Thomas Jefferson and Jefferson Davis?

-Correct.

And lastly, the author of Daisy Miller and the star of Rear Window and Vertigo?

-Henry James and James Stewart.

-Correct. Well done. Ten points for this starter question.

What links an ancient order of knighthood revived in 1687,

the logo of the Encyclopaedia Britannica and, from 1968,

Christopher Ironside's design for the reverse of the five pence piece?

Is it a red cross?

Nope.

-A thistle.

-A thistle is correct, yes.

Right, York, these bonuses are on vegetables as described by the Italian chef Antonio Carluccio.

Identify each vegetable from his description.

Firstly, "originally from Asia, they were probably brought to Europe by the Moors,

"but Italians worried that they could be toxic or even cause madness"?

-Artichoke.

-No, they're aubergines.

"Like a delicate, little mini-turnip, purple or pale green in colour and smoother skinned,

"but it's not a true root vegetable at all, it's actually a cabbage"?

WHISPERING

Beetroot?

A cabbage? No, it's kohlrabi, apparently.

"The British have eaten it, cooked to mush, in school dinners,

"its unpleasant aroma filling the corridors, or baked, waterlogged, in a cheese sauce"?

Cauliflower.

Exactly. Ten points for this.

Which ancient city links the first book printed in English by William Caxton,

a city on the Hudson River just north of Albany

and a caddish cavalryman in Hardy's Far From The Madding Crowd?

-Utica?

-Nope.

-Troy.

-Troy is correct, yes.

Your bonuses this time are on the physical chemistry of water.

Firstly, what two-word term denotes the temperature and pressure

at which vapour, liquid and solid phases of a substance exist in equilibrium?

Its value for water defines the Kelvin temperature scale.

-Triple point.

-Correct.

If ice is heated at a pressure below the triple point,

it turns into water vapour without passing through a liquid phase.

What is such a phase transition called?

-Sublimation.

-Sublimation?

-Sublimation.

-Correct.

At what temperature on the centigrade scale does liquid water reach its maximum density?

I think it's four.

-Four?

-Four is correct, yes. Well done.

Time for our first picture round.

For your starter, you will see a map showing an area registered

under the EU's Protected Food Name Scheme.

Ten points if you can name the food product manufactured there.

-Pork pies. Melton Mowbray pork pies.

-Correct, yes.

For your bonuses, you'll see three more places registered under the Protected Food Name Scheme.

For each, I want the name of the food registered to be produced in that area.

Firstly, this cheese?

-Stilton.

-Correct. Secondly, the crop grown here?

-Rhubarb.

-It is. It's the Yorkshire Rhubarb Triangle. Well done.

Finally, this fish product?

-Arbroath Smokies.

-It is Arbroath Smokies, yes.

Plenty of time yet, Bath. Ten points for this.

In palaeontology, a taxon that, as the result of a mis-identification,

appears to vanish from the fossil record and then re-appear

is known informally by the name of which singer

in reference to the number of impersonators he has spawned?

-Elvis.

-Yes!

These bonuses are on the Star Trek Universe, York.

Which invasion threat in Star Trek shares its name with that of a Swedish tennis player

who won five consecutive Wimbledon singles championships from 1976?

-Borg.

-Borg.

-Borg is right, yes.

The name of which alien race in Star Trek closely resembles a word for "West European"

in Arabic, Hindi and Thai, derived ultimately from the name

of a Germanic people whose rulers included Charlemagne?

WHISPERING

-Ferengi.

-Correct.

-Are you a real Trekkie?

-LAUGHTER

You are!

OK, finally, which green-skinned humanoids share their name with the prominent constellation

whose stars include Rigel and Bellatrix?

We don't know.

Oh, astonishing!

Orions. Right, ten points for this starter question.

In chemistry, what is the smallest identifiable unit into which a pure substance may be divided

while keeping the composition and chemical properties of that substance?

-Molecule.

-Correct.

Right, your bonuses are linked by a name.

What name links a Roman rhetorician born around 54 BC

and his son, known as The Younger, a philosopher and tragedian who was a tutor of the Emperor Nero?

-Pliny.

-No, it's Seneca.

Inhabiting what is now western New York State, the Seneca Indians were the largest

of the original five nations of which Confederacy?

-Nominate Davies.

-Iroquois.

-Correct, yes.

Held in New York State in 1848, the Seneca Falls Convention launched

which political movement in the United States?

The NRA? The NRA?

Maybe?

-When was it?

-1848.

-The NRA.

-No, the Women's Suffrage Movement.

Ten points for this. Which French artist retired at the age of 49

from the occupation of "douanier" or customs officer to devote himself to painting?

His works include vividly coloured, exotic scenes such as Tropical Storm With Tiger...

-Gauguin.

-No, you lose five points. ..and Sleeping...

-Matisse.

-No, it's Henri Rousseau. Ten points for this.

The addition of what final letter transforms words meaning "not on time"

into "source of natural rubber",

"large, tail-less primate"...

-X.

-X is correct, yes.

York, these bonuses are on a parliamentary procedure.

Firstly, what three-word term denotes a notice of a motion given by a member

for which no date has been fixed for debate?

MPs register their support by signing individual motions.

Day Motion?

-Early Day Motion?

-Correct. It's completely fatuous, but that's what it's called.

In 2001, whose arrest prompted the MP Jeremy Corbyn to sponsor an EDM calling on the government

to "waive the 30-year rule and release all the documents

"on Britain's relations with Chile between 1973 and 1990"?

-Pinochet?

-Correct.

In 2009, Mohammad Sarwar, the Labour MP for Glasgow Central, put forward an EDM

for his city to be recognised as the birthplace of which popular dish?

-Chicken tikka masala.

-Indeed. They pay public money for this! Ten points for this.

Taking Possession Of His Estate, At The Rose Tavern, Going To Court,

Marrying An Old Woman, At The Gaming House, In Prison and...

-A Rake's Progress.

-Correct.

These bonuses, York, are on astronomy. According to Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion,

the orbits of planets about the sun follow which conic sections?

-Ellipse.

-Correct.

Kepler's Third Law states that the periods of planets are proportional

to which power of the major axis of their orbits?

Try "cubed".

-Cubed.

-No, it's three-over-two.

Finally, given that the orbital radius of Mars is about four times that of Mercury,

how much longer is the Martian year than the Mercurian one?

-I think it's eight.

-Eight?

-Eight.

-Eight.

-Correct.

We'll take a music round. For your starter, you'll hear an excerpt from the score of a film.

You just have to name the composer.

RHYTHMIC PERCUSSION BEAT

HOWLING SOUND

-Ennio Morricone.

-Correct. It's from The Good, The Bad And The Ugly.

For your bonuses, you'll hear three more pieces by Ennio Morricone.

In each case, name the film in which it appeared.

Firstly for five points, this Academy Award-nominated film from the 1980s?

DRAMATIC MUSIC

-Panic?

-No, it's The Untouchables.

Secondly, this film which won an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, also in the 1980s?

MELODIC MUSIC

-Cinema Paradiso?

-Yes.

Finally, this film from the 1960s?

HAUNTING WHISTLE MUSIC

A Fistful Of Dollars?

-A Fistful Of Dollars?

-No, it's For A Few Dollars More.

Bath, there's still plenty of time to get going. Ten points for this.

Of which fictional character was it written that, "When he bares his teeth, winter meets its death

"and when he shakes his mane..."

-Aslan.

-Aslan is right, yes.

Three questions on ballet companies for you, Bath.

Formerly known as The Imperial Russian Ballet, then as The Kirov,

which ballet company takes its name from a theatre in Saint Petersburg, its home since the 19th century?

-Bolshoi.

-Bolshoi.

-That's in Moscow. The Mariinsky.

Dating to 1609, which German ballet company became internationally acclaimed under John Cranko,

its director from 1961 to '73?

It takes its name from a major city of south-west Germany.

South-west Germany...

Cologne?

-Cologne?

-No, the Stuttgart Ballet.

Finally, which is Britain's oldest dance company,

named after the Polish dancer who founded it in 1926?

-I don't know. Rambert?

-Sorry?

-I don't know.

-Pass.

-It's the Rambert Dance Company. You were nearly there.

Ten points for this. Listen carefully. Answer as soon as your name is called.

If an object is held three centimetres

in front of a concave mirror of focal length two centimetres,

how far away from the mirror does the image appear to be?

1.5 centimetres?

Nope. Anyone like to buzz from York?

4.5 centimetres?

No, it's six centimetres. Right, ten points for this.

In 1997, who became the world's first woman to be elected to succeed another woman as head of state?

The female in question easily won a second term in 2004

as she was the only validly nominated candidate.

-Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner?

-No.

Yulia Tymoshenko?

No, it was Mary McAleese. Ten points for this.

In which country is the province of West Nusa Tenggara?

It includes the islands of Lombok and Sumbawa and the active volcano Mount Tambora.

-Indonesia.

-Correct.

Right, these bonuses are on exiled rulers, Bath.

The ruler of a Middle Eastern country since 1941,

which pro-western monarch was overthrown in 1979 and died in exile in Egypt the following year?

It was the Iran Shah, but I can't remember his name.

-No, pass.

-It was the Shah of Iran.

Overthrown in 1979 after a failed attack on a neighbouring country,

which former African dictator died in Saudi Arabia in 2003?

-Idi Amin.

-Correct.

Which former monarch died at Doorn in the Netherlands in 1941, having abdicated in 1918?

Kaiser Wilhelm II.

-Kaiser Wilhelm II.

-Correct. Ten points for this.

What precise class of animal may be described as an arthropod with an exoskeleton,

breathing air through lung hooks and having four pairs of walking legs?

-Arachnids.

-Correct.

Right, these bonuses, York, are on a scientist.

Born in 1785, Adam Sedgwick is noted for his achievements in which field of science,

often in collaboration with Roderick Murchison?

WHISPERING

-Physics?

-No, it was geology.

Sedgwick identified which geological period that follows the Silurian?

It is often known as the Age of Fishes.

WHISPERING

-Cambrian?

-No, it's the Devonian.

After a Latin name for Wales, what name did Sedgwick give to the first period of the Palaeozoic Era?

It began around 540 million years ago.

-Cambrian.

-That was the Cambrian, yes.

We're going to take another picture round now.

For your starter, you will see a photograph of a figure who achieved fame in the 1920s.

For ten points, please give me his name.

-Charles Lindbergh.

-It is Charles Lindbergh, yes.

So, your picture bonuses are three more aviation pioneers for you to identify.

Firstly, for five?

WHISPERING

We don't know, sorry.

That's Howard Hughes.

Secondly, who's this?

-We don't know.

-That's Igor Sikorsky.

And finally, the family name of these brothers?

-Montgolfier.

-Correct.

Ten points for this. In Jewish history,

what name from the Hebrew for "ram's horn" was ascribed to every 50th...

-Scapegoats.

-No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

..every 50th year, held sacred in commemoration of the deliverance from Egypt?

No idea? I'll tell you. It's Jubilee.

Ten points for this. Named after a fictional family in the works of William Faulkner,

which website was founded by Barbara and David Mikkelson in 1995

and is devoted to researching and debunking urban legends, rumours and myths?

-Snopes.

-Snopes.com is correct, yes.

Right, Bath, your bonuses are on Shakespeare's Henry VIII.

In each case, identify the speaker of the following lines, please.

Firstly, "Had I but served my God with half the zeal I served my King,

"He would not in mine age have left me naked to mine enemies."

WHISPERING

-Catherine of Aragon?

-No, it's Cardinal Wolsey.

Who speaks these lines? "Be advised, heat not a furnace for your foe so hot that it do singe yourself.

"We may outrun by violent swiftness that which we run at and lose by over-running."

-Pass.

-That's the Duke of Norfolk.

And finally, "I would not be a Queen for all the world."

-We'll try Catherine of Aragon again.

-Anne Boleyn. Ten points for this.

Which planet of the solar system has the most rarefied atmosphere

with a surface pressure equal to 10 to 15 times...

-Venus?

-No, I'm afraid you lose five points.

..10 to 15 times that of Earth?

-Mercury.

-Mercury is correct.

You get bonuses, York, on figs this time.

Ahead of Egypt and Algeria, which Eastern Mediterranean country

is the world's largest producer of figs?

WHISPERING

-Turkey?

-Correct. Which word for a "toady" or "flatterer" comes from a Greek word,

meaning "one who shows the fig"? It originally meant an informer or tale-bearer.

Sycophant?

-Sycophant.

-Correct. A fig tree near Gaya in northern India is associated with the origins of which religion?

-Buddhism.

-Correct. Four and a half minutes to go. Ten points for this.

A former East India Company clerk elected to the House of Commons in 1865,

which philosopher and economist's works include A System Of Logic and The Subjection Of Women...

-John Stuart Mill.

-Correct.

These bonuses are on mathematics.

In linear algebra, what is the name of the dimension of the image space of a linear map

or equivalently, the largest number of linearly independent rows of a matrix?

I think it's rank maybe.

Rank.

-Rank.

-The rank is correct.

What is the rank of the n-by-n matrix, all of whose entries are equal to seven?

-N.

-N?

-N.

-N?

-No, it's one. What is the rank of any n-by-n non-singular matrix?

-Don't know.

-We don't know, sorry.

-That was N.

-LAUGHTER

Ten points for this. Bizkaia, Zuberoa and Lapurdi are among the traditional regions

that comprise the homeland of which people of Western Europe?

-Basque?

-Correct, yes.

These bonuses are on statues in Yorkshire, York.

A statue of which Prime Minister stands outside the railway station

in Huddersfield, his birthplace in 1916?

-Harold Wilson.

-Correct.

A statue of which Yorkshire cricketer stands beside the Leeds and Liverpool Canal in Skipton?

He was the first bowler to take 300 Test wickets.

WHISPERING

-Trueman?

-Trueman?

Come on, let's have it, please.

-Nominate Morley.

-Fred Trueman?

-Fred Trueman is correct, yes.

Killed in the Hawaiian Islands in 1779, the statue of which explorer overlooks the harbour at Whitby?

-Cook.

-Correct. Ten points for this.

Which two five-letter anagrams mean a tooth used for crushing and grinding

and a lesson to be learned from a story or experience?

-Molar.

-And?

-Moral.

-Correct.

Your bonuses are on railways in the 19th century.

I want the decade in which the following took place.

Richard Trevithick's steam-hauled locomotive began working at the Penydarren Ironworks in South Wales?

'40s? 1840s?

-1840s?

-No, the 1800s. The opening of the Stockton to Darlington railway and the Rainhill Trials

at which Stephenson's Rocket won first prize?

-1830s?

-No, it's the 1820s.

Finally, the opening of the Settle to Carlisle line and the Tay Bridge disaster?

-'70s.

-1870s.

-Correct.

Ten points for this. Home to its country's oldest institution of higher education,

which city lies on the Neckar River about 90 kilometres south of Frankfurt?

-Heidelberg.

-Correct.

Your bonuses are on novels first published in 1913.

In each case, I want the title and the author of the work in which the following characters appear.

Firstly, Francois Seurel and Augustin Meaulnes?

-Pass.

-That's Le Grand Meaulnes by Alain-Fournier.

Secondly, Paul Morel and Clara Dawes?

-Pass.

-That's Sons And Lovers by DH Lawrence.

Finally, Aunt Leonie, Uncle Adolphe and Odette De Crecy?

-Pass.

-That's Proust's Swann's Way. Ten points for this. Answer as soon as your name is called.

In binary, a one followed by five ones represents what number in decimal?

-63.

-Correct.

-GONG

-And at the gong, Bath University have 70, York University have 270.

We never got a chance to see what you were made of, Bath.

Or perhaps we did, I don't know! I hope we didn't.

York, many congratulations. We look forward to seeing you in round two.

-Join us next time for another first round match, but until then, it's goodbye from Bath.

-Goodbye.

-It's goodbye from York.

-Goodbye.

-Goodbye.

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