Episode 14 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge.

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Tonight sees the last of the first-round matches.

13 teams are already guaranteed a place in Round Two,

and whichever team wins tonight will join them.

The four losers from this round with the highest scores will come back in play-offs,

and so both teams will want to know that in order to do that the score to beat is 150.

Tonight's fixture is between two institutions who already regard each other as fierce rivals,

so there's plenty at stake over the next half-hour.

The University of Aberystwyth was founded thanks to the energies of Sir Hugh Owen,

a non-conformist pioneer of education in Wales,

who raised sufficient money for a college for 26 students and 3 teachers

to open in a hotel on the seafront in 1872.

In the 1960s the university relocated to its new Penglais campus

overlooking both the town and the sea,

and in 2007 it achieved independence from the Federal University of Wales,

and began awarding degrees in its own right.

Tonight's team, with an average age of 30,

are playing on behalf of around 15,000 students.

Let's meet them.

I'm Simon Thomas from Warminster in Wiltshire.

I'm working towards a Masters in Strategic Studies.

Hi. I'm Matthew Campbell. I'm from Inverary in Aberdeenshire,

and I'm also studying Strategy.

And their Captain.

I'm Ned Bishop-Harper. I'm from Canterbury,

and I'm studying for a Masters in Managing the Environment.

Hi. I'm Daniel Guy from Epping in Essex,

and I'm studying for a PhD in Biology.

APPLAUSE

The University of Bangor has a location and history not dissimilar to Aberystwyth's.

Located between the Menai Straits and Snowdonia,

it began life in 1884, again funded by public subscription

in order to provide higher education for the population of North Wales,

the local quarrymen being amongst its most loyal and generous supporters.

Its first teaching took place in an old coaching inn.

Since then, student numbers have swollen to around 16,500

who in the past have included the presiding genius of the 2012 Olympics opening ceremony Danny Boyle,

the poet RS Thomas and the fictional Bridget Jones.

Tonight's team have an average age of 23.

Let's meet them.

Hi. I'm Owain Jones from Abertawe, Swansea,

and I'm studying for a PhD in History.

Hello. I'm Daisy Le Helloco. I'm from Dorchester in Dorset,

and I'm studying for a PhD in English literature.

And their Captain. Hi. I'm Catriona Coutts.

I'm from Anglesey, and I'm reading English Literature with Creative Writing.

Hello. I'm Anna Johnson from Chippenham in Wiltshire,

and I'm currently studying towards an M degree in Marine Biology.

APPLAUSE

OK, the rules are the same as ever. 10 points for Starters,

15 for bonuses, 5-point fines for incorrect interruptions to Starter questions.

So here's your first Starter for Ten.

William Dargie in 1954,

Bernard Safran in 1959 for the cover of Time magazine,

Lucian Freud during 2000 and 2001 -

Bangor, Le Helloco.

Portraits of the Queen.

Correct.

So, the first set of bonuses are on the United Nations.

Which country became the 193rd member of the UN in July 2011

after seceding from an existing member state following a referendum in January of that year?

THEY CONFER

South Sudan?

South Sudan. Correct.

Secondly, apart from the states in the former Yugoslavia,

what's the only European country to have joined the UN since the year 2000?

Any ideas?

Belarus.

Yeah, because that's not Yugoslav, is it?

OK.

Belarus.

No, it's Switzerland.

Which former Portuguese colony joined the UN in the same year as Switzerland,

having won independence from another member state after decades of occupation?

THEY CONFER

Angola? It's a former Portuguese colony? Yeah.

Then it's got to have been under occupation by someone.

Unless it's Mozambique.

I'd go Angola. Angola, you think?

Angola. No, it's East Timor.

Ten points at stake for this. Fingers on the buzzers.

Coined in 1949 by the US anthropologist George P Murdock,

what two-word term refers to a social unit often contrasted with an extended family -

Bangor, Le Helloco. Nuclear family.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

Right, Bangor, these questions are on a playwright.

The son of a Canterbury shoemaker,

which playwright was born in the same year as William Shakespeare?

Marlowe? Yeah.

Marlowe. Correct.

Shakespeare's Richard III alludes to which play by Marlowe?

Richard states that he could set the murderous Machiavel to school,

and thus places himself in line with Barabas, the play's main character?

The Jew of Malta, isn't it? Yes.

The Jew of Malta. Correct.

Which of Marlowe's plays is based on the life of Timur,

the 14th Century conqueror of central Asia and India?

Tamburlaine. Tamburlaine the Great is correct.

Ten points for this.

Which organ burns a quarter of the glucose of the human body,

and uses a fifth of all -

Bangor, Johnson. The brain.

Well done.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on chemical bonds, Bangor.

What type of chemical bond is produced when two atoms share a pair of electrons?

It's represented by a single line drawn between the two atoms.

Covalent. It's covalent.

Covalent. Correct.

What type of bond is produced when atoms of one element

donate electrons to atoms of another,

forming positively and negatively charged ions?

Ionic? Ionic, yeah.

Ionic. Correct.

In a metallic bond, positive ions are surrounded by valance electrons

which can move freely within the crystal.

What name is given to these electrons?

They're just free. Free electrons I believe, yes.

Free electrons. No, they're delocalised electrons.

Ten points for this. Quote -

"We had a bad banking situation. Some of our bankers have shown themselves

either incompetent or dishonest in their handling of the people's funds.

They've used the money entrusted to them in speculation and unwise loans."

Which US President addressed the -

Aberystwyth, Campbell.

Herbie Hoover.

No. You lose five points. Addressed the nation with those words.

You may not confer.

Bangor, Coutts. Calvin Coolidge.

No, it was Franklin D Roosevelt. Ten points for this.

Often described as the first British feminist theorist,

who examined women's subordination in society

in her 1792 work A Vindication of the Rights of -

Aberystwyth, Bishop-Harper.

Mary Wollstonecraft. Correct.

APPLAUSE

Right, Aberystwyth, your first set of bonuses are on a tree.

Known binomially as Fraxinus excelsior,

which common British tree is threatened by a disease called Dieback,

caused by the chalara fungus?

Ash? Ash. Ash.

Ash is correct. Ash trees are reckoned to account for around 30 per cent of Britain's wooded landscape

with an estimated number of trees most closely approximating

the human population of which major EU Member State?

France.

France? No, it's Germany. It's about 80 million.

From the 1970s, stocks of which common tree were devastated by a fungus spread by beetles?

Elm. Correct.

A picture round. For your picture starter,

you will see a jersey worn by a leading cyclist on the Tour de France.

Ten points if you can name the classification it represents.

Aberystwyth, Campbell.

Leader of Sprints?

No. Anyone like to buzz from Bangor?

Bangor, Coutts.

King of the Mountain. It is King of the Mountains, yes.

APPLAUSE

So, your bonuses are three more Tour de France jerseys,

each worn by the leader of a classification in the race.

For each jersey, name the classification it represents.

Firstly...

I think it might be the person who comes last.

Last or second.

I think it's to do with like the last...

Just say last, or...? Just say it.

The last placed rider. No, it's points.

I would have accepted sprinter, but points are given for high finishes at this stage.

Secondly...

It's not sprint.

That's the King of the Mountain.

THEY CONTINUE TO CONFER

Let's have it, please.

Try time trial. Time trial. No, it's young rider.

Someone under 26. And finally...

That's just the leader.

The leader of the race. Yeah, general classification.

Ten points for this.

The steeple of the Evangelical Reformed Church in Suurhusen,

and the spire of the Oberkirche in Bad Frankenhausen

both in Germany, share what form of aberration with the campanile of Santa Maria Assunta in Pisa?

Bangor, Jones.

They lean. They lean is correct, yes.

Bangor, these bonuses are on names.

In each case, the surname of the first person described is the given name of the second,

for example, Terry Christian, and Christian Bale.

I want the given name and the surname of both the people described.

Firstly, for five. The author of Heart of Darkness

and the former owner of the Daily Telegraph, jailed for fraud in 2007.

Joseph Conrad, Conrad Black.

Joseph Conrad, and Conrad Black.

Correct.

The jazz pianist and singer, whose hits include the Christmas Song, and Unforgettable,

and the composer of the musicals Anything Goes and Kiss Me Kate.

Nat King Cole and Cole Porter.

Nat King Cole and Cole Porter. Correct.

And finally, the author of Marriage and Morals, and Why I Am Not A Christian,

and the star of Gladiator and A Beautiful Mind.

Russell Crowe...

Bertrand Russell, isn't it?

Bertrand Russell and Russell Crowe. Correct.

APPLAUSE AND CHEERING

Ten points for this. Plenty of time to get going, Aberystwyth.

Arguing for the superiority of the philosophical life over the political life,

which ancient treatise on moral philosophy discusses the close relationship

between ethical enquiry into politics,

and derives the first part of its two-word title

from the son of its author Aristotle?

Aberystwyth, Guy. Nicomachean ethics.

That's correct, yes.

Your bonuses are on words of Indian origin, Aberystwyth.

What word for cotton cloth, often plain white or unbleached,

is taken from the name of the port in southern India

where Vasco da Gama landed in 1498?

Calico?

Calico. Calico is correct.

What word for a large silk or cotton handkerchief with white spots

derives probably via Portuguese from a Hindi term for a mode of tying and dyeing?

Nominate Thomas.

Polka dot. No, it's bandanna.

What word for strong, coarse cotton or overalls

derives from a Hindi word said by some

to the be the name of a village near Mumbai where it originated?

Dungarees. Dungarees is correct.

Ten points for this. Born in 1561,

the Italian physician Santorio Santorio

pioneered the study of what chemical process in living organisms?

It involves alternately building up complex molecules, and breaking them down.

Aberystwyth, Guy.

Catabolism and metabolism. Yes. Metabolism. I'll accept it.

APPLAUSE

A set of bonuses now on the planet Saturn.

Larger than the planet Mercury, what is the name of Saturn's largest moon?

Titan.

Titan. Correct.

The Earth takes one year to orbit the Sun. How many years does Saturn take?

You can have two years either way.

27?

27.

Uh, no. It's 29.5, so you're just outside the two-year leeway.

And finally, for five points, name the three planets that, along with Saturn,

comprise the Gas Giants, or Jovian planets?

Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune.

Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune. Correct.

We're going to take a music round now.

For your music Starter, you'll hear a piece of music from a genre that shares its name

with a type of dance.

Ten points if you can name the type of dance.

MUSIC PLAYS

Aberystwyth, Campbell.

Polka.

No. You can hear some more, Bangor.

MUSIC PLAYS

Bangor, Coutts. Tango.

Tango is correct. That was the Libertango.

APPLAUSE

OK, you're going to hear three other pieces whose title includes the name of a dance.

Five points for each dance you can identify.

Firstly...

# There's so many people who can talk, and talk and talk

# And just say nothing or nearly nothing

# I have used up all the scale I know and at the end

# I've come to nothing, I mean nothing

# So I come back to my first note

# As I must come back to you

# I will pour into that one note all the love I feel for you

# Any one who wants the whole show do-re-mi-fa-so-la-ci-do

# He will find himself with no show, better play the note you know #

That's quite quick. Come on.

What do you think it is? Bossa Nova.

Nominate Jones. Bossa Nova.

No, that's the samba. That piece of music was One Note Samba.

MUSIC PLAYS

Mambo. Mambo No. 5, that was.

And finally...

MUSIC PLAYS

# A woman is a woman and a man ain't nothin' but a man

# A woman is a woman and a man ain't nothin' but a man... #

So what do we think? Swing or jazz? Swing.

Or jazz? Come on.

Swing. Swing.

No, it's jive. That was Jump Jive and Wail.

Right, ten points for this.

Which English county links John Fowles' The French Lieutenant's Woman -

Bangor, Le Helloco. Dorset.

Dorset is correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on works of art, Bangor.

What word links the English titles of a work by Renoir

painted shortly before his death,

a series of works by Cezanne,

the largest of which was exhibited in 1906,

and a painting by Seurat, now in London's National Gallery?

Bathers?

Yeah.

I think Bathers or Water Lilies.

Bathers? Yeah.

Yeah.

Bathers. Correct.

What drink connects Edouard Manet's first Salon entry,

a free-standing painted bronze by Picasso

featuring a real spoon,

and a work of the 1870s by Degas

now in the Musee d'Orsay?

Is it a drink? A drink. Yeah.

Wine? Is wine too simple?

Absinthe, that's the sort of thing.

Shall I try wine? Give it a shot. It seems the most likely.

Wine?

No, it's absinthe. And finally,

which two nouns connect several sculptures by Henry Moore,

numerous works by Mary Cassatt,

and a work of 1993 by Damien Hurst in which the title subjects are displayed in tanks of formaldehyde?

That's the cow.

Mother and Baby.

Yeah.

Madonna and Child, I think.

Madonna and Child. I think it's Madonna and Child.

OK.

That's great, then.

Madonna and Child. No, it's Mother and Child.

Ten points for this.

Prince Henry of Battenberg, John Campbell the Marquis of Lorne,

Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein

and Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse

all stood in what relation to Queen Victoria?

Aberystwyth, Bishop-Harper.

Cousin.

Anyone like to buzz from Bangor?

Bangor, Coutts. Child. No, they were sons-in-law.

Ten points for this. Writing in defence of the glorious revolution,

which English philosopher outlined his political theory

by attacking the notion of the Divine Right of Kings -

Bangor, Jones. Hobbes. No, you lose five points.

..the Divine Right of Kings in the 1690 work Two Treatises on Government?

Aberystwyth, Thomas. John Locke.

John Locke is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Aberystwyth, your bonuses this time are on shorter words

that can be made using any of the eight letters of the word marzipan.

In each case, give the word from the definition.

Firstly, a mood disorder characterised by marked excitement,

euphoria, grandiose thought, and over-activity.

Mania. Correct.

Secondly, a file format created by Phillip Katz, and used for data compression and archiving.

Zip.

Zip. Correct. And finally...

A three-letter shortform of the SI base unit of electric current.

Amp. Amp.

Amp is correct. Ten points for this Starter question.

Phytophthora Infestans causes a disease of -

Aberystwyth, Guy.

Potatoes. Potatoes is correct. Potato blight.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on Old World monkeys.

Comprising 22 species including the so-called Barbary Ape,

which genus of Old World monkeys represents the most widespread primates after humans?

Macaques.

THEY CONFER

Chimpanzee.

No, they're macaques.

Sometimes known as the snow monkey, macaca fuscata

is the northernmost non-human primate.

Often photographed bathing in hot springs, it's native to which Asian country?

Japan. Correct.

Native to South Asia, which species of macaque gives its name

to an antigen that occurs on the red blood cells of humans

and affects compatibility in transfusions?

The Rhesus monkey. Correct.

We'll take a second picture round now.

You'll see a portrait of a well-known writer.

Ten points if you can give me her name.

Bangor, Le Helloco. Virginia Woolf.

It is Virginia Woolf, yes.

As painted by Roger Fry.

You're going to see three more portraits of noted women writers.

In each case, I just need their name, please.

Firstly, for five, this portrait of

By George Richmond.

Elizabeth Barrett Browning.

Elizabeth Barrett Browning. No, it's Elizabeth Gaskell. Mrs Gaskell.

Secondly, this 17th Century painting by Mary Beale.

THEY CONFER

Could it be Aphra Behn?

It could be. 1600s?

Yeah, it would.

Aphra Behn. It is Aphra Behn, yes.

And finally, this 19th Century portrait by JH Thompson.

Is it one of the Brontes? It's not Emily Dickinson?

It could be a Bronte. Emily Dickinson didn't go out of the house.

Emily Bronte?

Would she have had a portrait?

Yeah, probably. They were quite well-known, weren't they?

Let's have it, please. Emily Bronte?

No, that's Charlotte Bronte, her sister.

Ten points for this. Who became Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1533?

An instigator of the Dissolution of the Monasteries, he was executed -

Bangor, Coutts. Wolseley.

I'm afraid you lose five points. He was executed in 1540.

One of you buzz.

Aberystwyth, Bishop-Harper. Thomas More.

No, it was Thomas Cromwell. Ten points for this.

Night, Death and the Devil, and Saint Jerome in his Study

are among the works of which painter and printmaker

born in Nuremburg in 1471?

Bangor, Jones. Albrecht Durer.

Albrecht Durer is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on English placenames.

In each case, give the town from the description. All three share the same four-letter suffix.

Firstly, a town close to Derwentwater in the Lake District

where Coleridge wrote Dejection and Ode.

Any ideas?

Something -mere, is it?

Windermere?

Is there actually a town Windermere?

There might be. Shall I try Windermere?

Worth a try. Windermere?

No, it's Keswick.

Secondly, a market town whose castle is the seat of the Dukes of Northumberland,

and whose former station houses one of Britain's largest bookshops.

Alnwick. Alnwick.

Correct.

A town in the West Midlands whose castle includes Guy's Tower and Caesar's Tower.

Warwick. Correct.

Ten points for this. Formerly used to produce acetylene in lamps,

which solid grey compound -

Aberystwyth, Thomas. Calcium carbide.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

Right, Aberystwyth, these bonuses are on King Henry VIII.

Which ruler met Henry at the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520?

THEY CONFER

Charles IV. No, it's Francis I of France.

Which Stuart monarch married Henry's sister Margaret in 1502?

James I or VI?

No.

James V of Scotland.

James V of Scotland. No, it was James IV.

And finally, which Holy Roman Emperor was Henry's nephew by marriage?

THEY CONFER

Charles II. Charles II.

No, it's Charles V. About four and a quarter minutes to go.

Ten points for this. After Quebec, what is the second-largest province of Canada

with shorelines on four of the five Great Lakes?

Bangor, Jones.

Ontario. Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses, Bangor, are on regular polyhedra.

If the sides of a die are numbered from one upwards,

what is the highest score achievable on rolling a dodecahedral die?

Dodecahedral would be a 12-sided die.

12. Correct.

If a tetrahedral die is rolled, what is the probability of obtaining a score strictly greater than three?

Tetrahedral, that's four faces. Yes.

A quarter, then? A quarter.

Shall I just say a quarter? Go on.

A quarter. Exactly. One in four.

And finally, a third die takes the form of a regular polyhedron with eight sides.

What shape do those sides take?

Are they triangles, or...?

No. I think they would be...

Pentagons? Come on. Pentagon.

No, they're equilateral triangles. Ten points for this.

A former professor of journalism at Northwestern University,

who founded the American Institute of Public Opinion in 1935?

Aberystwyth, Campbell. Eddie Bernays.

No.

Bangor?

One of you want to buzz? I'll tell you - it's George Horace Gallup.

Ten points for this. Sharing its name with a desert landform,

what unit of energy has a value of 100 nanojoules?

Bangor, Coutts. Savannah.

Anyone like to buzz from Aberystwyth?

Dune.

No, it's erg. Ten points for this.

The poem The Deserted Village, the novel The Vicar of Wakefield -

Bangor, Coutts. Oliver Goldsmith.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

Bangor, your bonuses are on cities. In each case, give the name that links the following.

Firstly, a city in southern Spain noted for its great mosque

and a major city of central Argentina on the edge of the Pampa.

Is it Cordoba Mosque?

Cordoba. Correct.

A Spanish sea port known as Carthago Nova in ancient times,

and a major city of Colombia on the Caribbean sea.

Cartagena. Correct.

A large city 300km southwest of Barcelona

and a major city of Venezuela, west of Caracas.

Could be Valencia? That's right, yeah.

Valencia. Correct.

Ten points for this.

An agile but unintelligent and abnormal German possessed of the mania of grandeur.

These words of Leo Tolstoy refer to which philosopher born 1844?

Bangor, Coutts. Nietzsche. Nietzsche is right.

Here's a set of bonuses for you...

..on members of the Westminster Parliament.

In each case I want the ceremonial county,

for example Merseyside or East Sussex,

in which the following MPs were elected in 2010.

First for five points. Fiona Bruce, Derek Twigg, and George Osborne.

Any ideas?

THEY CONFER

What was the question? Which county were they elected...

Come on.

Let's have it, please.

Um, Kingston-on-Thames.

No, it's Cheshire.

Secondly, Ed Miliband, Caroline Flint and Nick Clegg.

That's Sussex, isn't it? No...

It's the Doncaster area, isn't it?

Is it?

Sheffield is Nick Clegg, isn't it?

Come on. Say South Yorkshire. South Yorkshire.

South Yorkshire's right. Finally, Ed Vaizey,

Andrew Smith and David Cameron.

Oxfordshire. Oxfordshire. Correct.

Ten points for this. Slightly larger than England and Wales,

what is the smallest independent country in South America?

Bangor, Coutts. Guyana.

No. Anyone like to buzz from Aberystwyth?

Aberystwyth, Guy. Belize?

No, it's Suriname.

Ten points for this.

Who was the last British monarch to be the ruler of Hanover?

Bangor, Coutts.

William IV. William IV is correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on oxides. What is the chemical formula

of a nitrogen oxide whose common name is laughing gas,

and which acts as an anaesthetic?

NO2?

I'm going to let you say this.

Nominate Johnson.

NO2.

No, it's N2O.

And secondly, what is the chemical formula of the mineral -

GONG

APPLAUSE

At the gong, Aberystwyth have 110.

Bangor have 230.

Bad luck, Aberystwyth. We're going to have to say goodbye to you.

We shall look forward, Bangor, to seeing you in Round Two.

Many congratulations. 230 is a very good score.

Nicely democratically arrived at, too.

So, we now know the four highest-scoring losing teams are the Universities of Durham,

Southampton and Loughborough, and Christ Church, Oxford.

I hope you can join me next time for the first of those playoffs, but until then

it's goodbye from Aberystwyth University...

Goodbye.

It's goodbye from Bangor University. ALL: Goodbye.

And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

APPLAUSE

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