Episode 16 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge.

Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Only one place remains in the second round

and it goes to whichever team wins this match.

Both tonight's teams lost their first-round ties

but did so with scores that were higher than the winning totals in other fixtures

so they fully deserve this second and final chance to qualify.

The team from Southampton University started well in their match

against the London School of Oriental and African Studies

but then wilted somewhat and left themselves too much to do to secure a victory

despite a brave rally in the final minutes.

At the gong, they had 155 points to their opponents' 230,

but they still impressed us with their knowledge of cricket scores, the novels of Hilary Mantel

and the Nottingham Goose Fair.

With an average age of 25, let's meet the Southampton team again.

Hello. I'm David Bishop. I'm from Reading and I'm studying Physics.

Hello. I'm Richard Evans. I'm from Frimley in Surrey and I'm reading Chemistry.

Their captain. Hi, I'm Bob De Caux.

I'm originally from West Sussex and I'm studying for a PhD in Complex Systems Simulation.

Hi. I'm Matt Loxham. I'm from Preston in Lancashire

and I'm studying for a PhD in Respiratory Toxicology.

APPLAUSE

Their opponents, Loughborough University,

also came away with a score of 155 from their first round match

after a slow start against Clare College, Cambridge,

who were 40 points ahead of them at the gong.

Even so, they found time to impress us with their knowledge of monkeys of the New World,

influential women in men's clothing

and the memoirs of Jack Straw.

With an average age of 23, let's meet the Loughborough team again.

Hi. I'm Ali Thornton. I'm from Pennycuick in Scotland

and I'm studying Banking Finance and Management.

Hi. I'm Kathy Morten. I'm from Southampton and I'm studying Aeronautical Engineering.

Their captain. Hi. My name's Grant Craig.

I'm from Bonnybridge near Falkirk

and I'm studying for a PhD in Chemistry.

Hi. I'm Katie Spalding from Ipswich and I'm studying Maths.

APPLAUSE

The rules are the same as ever they've been.

Ten points for starters, 15 for bonuses,

five-point penalties for interruptions to starter questions.

Fingers on buzzers. Your first starter for ten.

What given name links the Frankish ruler who defeated the Moors at the Battle of Tours in 732...

Charles. Correct.

Your bonuses, Southampton, are on Parliament.

In each case, given the decade during which the following legislation was passed.

The Septennial Act, which increased the maximum length of a parliament

from three years to seven.

It was passed after a Jacobite uprising.

It probably means the 1740s.

So that, or a little bit after that.

1740s? 1750s?

1750s. No, it was the 1710s. It was 1715.

The Parliament Act, which reduced the maximum length of a parliament to five years.

It also removed the power of the House of Lords to veto legislation.

That was Herbert Asquith, so it was 1908.

1900s? 1900s.

No, it was the 1910s. It was 1911. Bad luck.

The Fixed Term Parliaments Acts which introduced fixed-term elections

for the first time to the Westminster Parliament.

The 2010s?

2010? Yeah.

It was 2011. Well done.

Ten points for this.

What three-letter prefix links words meaning "having an external cause or origin",

"the custom of marrying outside a community..."

Exo. Correct.

Your bonuses are on songbirds in poetry.

Known binomially as Turdos Philomelos,

which songbird is described as singing "a full-hearted evensong of joy illimited"

in a poem by Thomas Hardy?

QUIET CONFERRING

Try nightingale. No, it's a thrush.

Mentioned in Edward Thomas's poem, Adlestrop,

what is the common name of Turdus Merula?

Maybe a blackbird? I'm not sure of that. Is that a songbird?

QUIET CONFERRING

Starling?

No, it is a blackbird.

Finally, which member of the thrush family does Keats describe as "light-winged dryad of the trees"?

Nightingale. Correct. Ten points for this starter question.

What country of birth links the recipients of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2000 and 2012?

The winner on the former occasion being known for the novel Soul Mountain

and on the latter for The Garlic Ballads and Red Sorghum Clan.

India. No. Anyone like to buzz from Southampton?

Sweden. No, it's China. Ten points for this starter question.

Catherine of Braganza, consort of Charles II,

and Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, consort of William IV,

were both accorded what two-word title after the deaths of their husbands?

It's specifically used to designate...

Queen Mother. No, you lose five points.

It's specifically used to designate the status of a widow of a male sovereign

who is not the mother of his successor.

Dowager Queen. No, I can't accept that. It's Queen Dowager.

Ten points for this starter question.

The discovery of the Earth's first co-orbital asteroid

was announced in 2011.

Jupiter, by comparison, has several thousand such objects,

also known by what name, that of the people of an ancient city?

Spartans. No. Anyone buzz from Southampton?

Trojans. Trojans is correct, yes.

Southampton, these bonuses are on diseases transmitted by insects.

West Nile fever and Ross River virus

are primarily transmitted to humans by a various species of which insects,

of the family Culicidae?

The tsetse fly. No, they're mosquitoes.

The primary means of transmission of malaria to humans

is a bite from an infected female of which genus of mosquito?

Anopheles. Correct. Endemic in much of Africa and South America,

which disease is transmitted by aedes aegypti mosquitoes?

Jaundice is a major symptom.

Yellow fever. Correct. Ten points for this starter question.

The two-word title of a 1994 work

by the US academic Joseph Napp,

subtitled The Means to Success in World Politics,

what phrase describes the ability to gain support for attraction and persuasion rather than force?

Subliminal advertising.

No. Loughborough?

It's soft power. Ten points for this.

What two terms, both denoting colour, are popularly used

to refer to two British mammals with the specific descriptors Cariolensis and Vulgaris?

The former is an introduced species, widely...

Red and grey.

It's the other way round. Grey and red squirrels, yes.

Ten points there. Your bonuses now, Loughborough, are on websites.

Founded by the former Facebook employees Charlie Cheever and Adam D'Angelo,

which question and answer site provides content from experts including Steve Case and Jimmy Wales

the co-founders of AOL and Wikipedia, respectively?

Is it eHow?

No, it's Quora. Secondly,

Ben Silbermann was a co-founder in 2010 of which virtual pinboard

which allows users to organise and share images and events

and interests?

Nominate Thornton. Pinterest.

Correct. Using the slogan "Follow the world's creators",

which blog-hosting platform was founded in 2007 by David Karp

to post and customise text, images, links and content from a desktop or phone?

Tumblr? Yeah. Tumblr.

It is Tumblr, yes. We're going to take a picture round now.

For your starter, you'll see a map of the United States

with four states highlighted in two colours.

For ten points, I want the political significance

of those highlighted states in November 2012.

They're Bellwether states and the colours are the parties they voted for in the 2012 presidential... No.

Widest margins of victory in each state?

No. They're the home states of the Republican and Democratic party tickets

in the presidential election in 2012.

So picture bonuses shortly. Ten points at stake for this.

Signs and Wonders is a 425-piece installation

in the uppermost cupola of the V

by which British ceramic artist

who wrote the best-selling 2010 family biography The Hare With Amber Eyes?

Grayson Perry. No. Anyone to buzz...

De Waal. It is Edmund de Waal, yes.

The map that no-one identified showing the respective home states

of the presidential and vice-presidential candidates in the 2012 election

was the starter we're now following up with bonuses.

Three more maps of the home states of the Democratic ticket in blue, Republican ticket in red.

In each case I want the year those candidates ran for election.

Firstly, for five.

QUIET CONFERRING

1964. No, it's 2000. It's Gore/Lieberman and Bush/Cheney.

And secondly.

1984. No, it's 1980. Carter/Mondale and Reagan/Bush.

And finally.

1996. No, it's 1992. You got the right candidates, most of them.

Another starter question.

The Riigi-Kogu is the unicameral parliament of which EU member state?

It meets at Toompea Castle in the centre of its capital...

Finland. No, you lose five points. ..in the centre of its capital city

close to an arm of the Baltic Sea.

Estonia. Correct.

These bonuses are on rugby players, Loughborough.

Having played for his national rugby team at under-21 level,

who earned the first best actor nomination

for a Spanish National with his role in Before Night Falls?

He won an Academy Award in 2008 for his role in No Country for Old Men.

Nominate Thornton. Javier Bardem. Correct.

Having founded the rugby magazine Tackle in 1951,

which future revolutionary played for various Argentinean rugby clubs

whilst studying to be a doctor?

Che Guevara. Correct.

And finally, a former international rugby player for Belgium, Jacques Rogge

joined which organisation in 1991

and became its president in 2001?

The International Olympic Committee. Correct.

Right. Another starter question now.

Alexander the Great's was called Bucephalus, Napoleon's was...

Their horse. Horses is correct, yes.

These bonuses, Southampton, are on early film-makers.

Born in Bristol in 1855, which film-maker developed an early film camera

said to be capable of taking ten pictures per second?

He's the subject of the 1951 biographical drama The Magic Box.

We don't know. It's William Friese-Greene.

Described as the film equivalent of the discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb,

around 800 reels of negatives rediscovered in Blackburn in 1994

were produced by which pair of film-makers?

Nominate Bishop. Powell and Pressburger?

No, it was Mitchell and Kenyon.

And which French brothers created the cinematograph moving picture system in the late 19th century?

The Lumiere Brothers. Correct. Another starter question. Believed to date from the early 5th century,

a wooden panel on the door of the church of Santa Sabina in Rome

is one of the earliest surviving depictions of which event?

The Crucifixion. Correct.

These bonuses are on inorganic chemistry, Loughborough.

What an-ion is indicated if a thick, white precipitate

is formed when the test solution is mixed with barium chloride solution

acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid?

Chloride ion. No, it's sulphate.

What cat-ion is indicated if a curd-like true white precipitate

is formed when the test solution is mixed with silver nitrate solution

acidified with nitric acid?

The precipitate darkens in light and is soluble in ammonia.

Silver nitrate. No, chloride.

What cat-ion is indicated if an intense blood-red colouration is formed

when the test solution is mixed with potassium thio-cyanate in acid conditions?

Phosphate. No, it's iron 3 or ferric iron.

We'll take a music round now.

For your music starter, you'll hear a song from a popular musical.

Ten points if you can give me the name of the character and the musical in which he appears.

# Why should we break our backs

# Stupidly paying tax... #

It's Fagin in Oliver! It is, yes.

That was Jonathan Pryce as Fagin singing You've Got To Pick a Pocket or Two

from a 1994 revival of the musical.

Your bonuses, you're going to hear the song performed by three more British actors

who played Fagin in the West End.

In each case, name the actor, please.

Firstly, this actor, who also played the role in the film musical.

# Why should we break our backs

# Stupidly paying tax

# When to get some untaxed income

# We have to pick a pocket or two, you

# Got to pick a pocket or two

# You've got to pick a pocket or two. #

Laurence Olivier. Really?!

No, that's Ron Moody.

Secondly, this comedian who played Fagin in 2009.

# Why should we break our backs

# Stupidly paying tax

# Better get some untaxed income

# Better pick a pocket or two

# You've got to pick a pocket or two

# You've got to pick a pocket or two. #

Nominate Spalding. Is it Omid Djalili?

It would be an interesting piece of casting. No, it's not,

it's Russ Abbot. Finally, this comedy actor, again from 2009.

# Why should we break our backs

# Stupidly paying tax

# Better get some untaxed income

# Better pick a pocket or two

# You've got to pick a pocket or two... #

I'm informed it's Rowan Atkinson. It is Rowan Atkinson, yes.

Ten points for this.

Inserting the word "ones" - that's O-N-E-S

after the third letter, transform the English name of which Asian country

into that of another.

For ten points name both.

India and Indonesia. Correct.

These bonuses, Southampton, are on the Caribbean.

Now known as the Virgin Islands of the United States,

the Caribbean islands of St Thomas, St John and St Croix

were purchased by the US from which country in 1917?

Spain. No, it's Denmark.

300 kilometres east of Puerto Rico,

the island of St Martin is one of the smallest sea islands to be divided between two countries.

Which two countries are they?

France and the Netherlands. Correct.

Which Caribbean country was claimed by Christopher Columbus in 1492

and remained under Spanish control for more than 400 years?

Dominican Republic. No, that is part of Hispaniola. It's Cuba.

Ten points for this. What number comes next in this sequence,

given in descending order?

8128, 496,

28, and which...

Six. Six.

Perfect numbers, yes.

These bonuses, now, Southampton, are on bread.

A major part of the diet of northern California during the Gold Rush,

what type of bread is made using the yeast starter technique

which imparts a characteristic tangy flavour?

Sourdough. Correct. What short word denotes an unleavened bread of Asian origin

and in the Caribbean, a flatbread using as the wrapping for a savoury filling?

Naan. No, naan is leavened. It's roti.

Usually served warm, which bread-based dish

takes its name from the Italian meaning "to roast over coals"?

OK. Ciabatta.

No. That's a type of bread. It's bruschetta. Ten points for this.

Listen carefully. Words meaning Russian emperor, Buddhist scripture

and smallest of the litter

may all be made using letters of the name of which planet of the solar system?

Saturn. Saturn is correct, yes.

Southampton, these bonuses are on people born on the same day.

In each case, identify both people from their works.

Firstly, born on November 30, 1874,

the authors of A History of the English-speaking Peoples

and Anne of Green Gables.

Churchill was definitely born that year.

Is it one name we need, or two? Both.

Winston Churchill and L.M. Montgomery. Correct.

Born on May 6, 1856,

the authors of The Interpretation of Dreams

and The North Pole: Its Discovery in 1909.

Sigmund Freud and...

Amundsen? Could be Amundsen.

QUIET CONFERRING

Shackleton?

Sigmund Freud and Ernest Shackleton.

No, Sigmund Freud and Robert Peary.

Finally, both born on February 12 1809,

the authors of The Descent of Man

and the short speech known as The Gettysburg Address.

Charles Darwin, Abraham Lincoln. Correct.

We're going to take another picture round now.

You will see something taken from the Bedford Hours,

an early 15th-century manuscript

whose owners included Henry II of France and Henry VI of England,

and which is now in the British Library.

These images both depict one month of the year.

For ten points, simply tell me which month.

October.

No. One of you may buzz, Southampton.

August.

No, it's September. It's Libra and the treading of the grapes.

So picture bonuses shortly. Another starter question in the meantime. Fingers on buzzers.

Shrewsbury Town, Millwall, Sunderland and Aston Villa

are among football clubs whose badges bear images of...

A lion. Correct.

So we're going to see for your picture bonuses three more pages from the Bedford Hours.

All from the section depicting the months of the year.

In each case, I want the month depicted.

Firstly for five.

QUIET CONFERRING

February. No, it's January. Janus and Aquarius, the water carrier.

Secondly, this month.

Pisces is immediately after Aquarius.

So February, March.

February is... No.

January? We've had January.

Shall we say March, then?

March. Correct. Finally...

That's Leo.

It's harvest time.

Leo comes after Gemini.

In which case it would be July.

Have we had July? No. Go with July.

July. July is correct, yes.

It was Leo and the cutting of the corn. Ten points for this.

The Drunkard's Holiday, Dr Diver's Holiday and Richard Diver

were all working titles for which novel of 1934 by F.Scott Fitzgerald?

The Great Gatsby. Nope.

Loughborough, one of you buzz.

The Lost Girl.

No, it's Tender Is The Night. Ten points for this.

Referring to a precise number of legs,

which order of crustacea includes shrimps, prawns, crabs and lobster?

Decapods. Decapoda is correct, yes.

These bonuses, Southampton, are on military actions of the 1520s.

Firstly, a decisive victory for the army of Babur over Sultan Ibrahim Lodi,

the Battle of Panipat in 1526 led to the founding of which empire?

The Mughal Empire. Correct.

Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent's victory at the Battle of Mohacs in 1526

marked the effective destruction of the monarchy of which country?

Hungary.

Hungary. Correct. After a naval battle and a 75-day siege,

which major city was captured by Spanish Conquistadors under Cortez in 1521?

Tenochtitlan.

Yes, I would have said "Tenochtitlan", but I don't know. You got it right!

Ten points for this. About three minutes to go.

Answer as soon as your name is called.

Add the number of the current French Republic to the number of permanent members of UN Security Council.

What number results?

Ten. Ten is correct, yes.

Southampton, these bonuses are on an acid.

Which acid, a nitrogen compound,

forms the principal end product of amino acid catabolism

in birds and reptiles?

Ornithic acid. No, it's uric acid.

Tiny quantities of a sodium salt of uric acid

precipitated in cartilage and bone

are the cause of which medical condition in humans?

Gout. Gout is correct.

And finally, uric acid belongs to which group of organic compounds

that also includes caffeine, xanthine and guanine?

Nominate Loxham. Methylxanthines.

No, they're purines. Ten points for this.

Traditionally made by using a shuttle to loop and knot a single thread,

tatting is a delicate hand-made form of which fabric?

Linen. No. Loughborough?

Silk. No, it's lace.

Ten points for this. Which highly toxic crystalline compound

has the chemical formula KCN?

Potassium cyanide. Correct.

Here are your bonuses.

They're on individual gold medal winners at the 2012 London Olympics.

In each case, I want the given name and surname of the medallist whose surname corresponds

to the following. Firstly, the county town of Clare in Ireland.

Is it Kerry?

Kerry?

Sorry. No idea. That's Jessica Ennis.

Secondly, the largest island of Orkney.

Orkney islands. Come on.

Come on.

Chris Hoy. Chris Hoy is correct.

And finally, the principal river of Australia.

Bradley Wiggins. No, it's Andy Murray!

Ten points for this. Olibanum is an alternative name for what substance

obtained from African and Asian trees of the genus Boswellia

and taking the form of an aromatic gum...

Rubber. No. Anyone like to buzz from Southampton?

Acacia gum? No, it's frankincense. I had to penalise you five points, Loughborough.

Another starter question. Ten points for this.

"The secret of politics? Make a good treaty with Russia."

Which statesman said...

Bismarck. Bismarck is correct. Bonuses now on novels whose title is a short name.

In each case, give the title and author from the description.

A novel of 1901 in which the title character accompanies a Tibetan lama as he wanders around India.

GONG Kim.

You're right but you're out of time.

At the gong, Loughborough University have 80.

Southampton University have 185.

Well, you've just... They were pretty quick on the buzzer at various occasions.

And you started well but faded a bit.

Southampton, we look forward to seeing you in the next stage of the competition.

I hope you can join us next time. Until then, it's goodbye from Loughborough University. Bye.

It's goodbye from Southampton University. Bye.

And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

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