Episode 18 University Challenge

win the first place in the quarter-finals.

Whichever team wins tonight will join them.

The team from Downing College, Cambridge,

scored 260 points in their first round match against St John's College, Oxford.

They answered impressively on Newtonian mechanics, quadratic equations

and rivers in Nottinghamshire,

although at one point we did catch them all counting up to seven on their fingers!

Let's meet the Downing College team again.

Hello. I'm Tom Claxton, from Grantham in Lincolnshire

and I'm reading Natural Sciences.

Hi. I'm Georgina Phillips from Shoreham-by-Sea in Sussex and I'm studying Geography.

And their captain. Hello, I'm John Morgan from Abingdon in Oxfordshire

and I'm studying for a PhD in Theoretical Chemistry.

Hi. I'm Tom Rees from Guildford, and I do Maths.

APPLAUSE

The team from Queen's University Belfast

were neck and neck for much of their first-round match against Aberdeen University,

Hi. My name is Suzanne Cobain.

I'm from County Down and I'm reading History.

Hello. I'm Gareth Gamble from Lurgan in County Armagh

and I'm studying medicine. And their captain.

Hello. I'm Joseph Greenwood from Manchester and I'm studying for a PhD in Irish Theatre.

Hello. I'm Alexander Green from Lytham in Lancashire

and I'm studying for a PhD in Plasma Physics.

APPLAUSE

OK. Let's just get on with it, then. Fingers on buzzers. Here's your first starter for ten.

Highlighting the number of stabbings in Shakespeare,

"Mrs Schofield's GCSE" is a response by which poet

to the removal of another of her works from a GCSE syllabus...

Carol Ann Duffy. Correct.

Queen's, your first set of bonuses are on a zoological term.

Native to south and south-east Asia, it's generally recognised as being the world's largest venomous snake.

King Cobra? Black Mamba? Largest.

Black Mamba.

No, it's the King Cobra. An eagle devouring a serpent

appears on the flag of which Latin American country?

Mexico. Correct. Another starter question.

"The American continents are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonisation

"by any European powers."

These are the words of which US president in a speech...

Monroe. The origin of the Monroe Doctrine is correct.

These bonuses, Queen's, are on a word.

Give either of the two Greek-derived words defined by John Stuart Mill in 1868

as something that is "too bad to be practicable", in contrast to its opposite,

"a proposal that is impracticably ideal".

P.D. James. Correct. Noted for his dystopian works,

which author's first novel, The Drowned World,

was published in 1962?

John Wyndham. No, it was J.G. Ballard.

Ten points for this. In topology,

what term describes a function between topological spaces

for which the inverse image of any open set is open,

a definition that captures the informal notion

that the function changes gradually, as the variable changes?

Convex.

No. Anyone like to buzz from Queen's?

Concave. No, it's continuous. Ten points for this. Listen carefully.

John Donne's Meditation number 17

includes a sentence that begins, "No man is an island."

Isotopes. Correct.

What is the name of the equilibrium between the keto- and enol- forms of a compound?

Pass.

Tautomeric or tortomerism.

Two different physical forms of the same element within the same phase are called what?

Allotrope. Allotrope is correct. Ten points for this.

What term was coined by the Irish-born painter Robert Barker

to denote his works from the 1780s onwards

consisting of large-scale single canvasses

intended to be displayed on the interior walls of a cylindrical structure

and viewed from the inside?

Panorama.

Correct.

These bonuses are on the works of Karl Marx.

Hunter/gatherers. No, it's Communist.

The subject of an 1845 work by Marx,

which German philosopher established himself as the mentor of the Young Hegelian or Left Hegelian movement

with such works as "The Essence of Christianity"?

Kant. No, it was Ludwig Feuerbach.

Finally, Marx's pamphlet "The Civil War in France"

was concerned with which insurrection of 1871 against the French government?

The Franco Prussian War? No, it's the Paris Commune.

We're going to take a picture round.

Basic sponge, yes.

Delia Smith's works have accompanied many a student leaving home for the first time.

For your bonuses, you'll see a list of ingredients for three more of her recipes.

For each one, I want the name of the finished product.

Caramel. It is caramel, yes.

Secondly, the specific name of this sauce.

Parsley sauce. No, that's Bechamel sauce.

Finally, the two-word term for what's being made here.

by the French philosopher Destutt de Tracy to denote a science of ideas,

what term has come to mean a total system of thought and emotion

by which a social or political group makes sense of the world?

Discourse.

Nope.

Hegemony. No, it's ideology. Ten points for this.

Which of Shakespeare's characters has been described thus:

"Mostly, he likes to watch. He's melancholy, brooding and sentimental

"and some have seen in him a rough sketch for Hamlet.

"Others find him little more than a self-deluding, jaundiced, one-time libertine."

The character in question appears in As You Like It

and delivers the speech "All the world's a stage."

Benedict.

No. Downing, one of you buzz.

Falstaff. No, it's Melancholy Jaques. Ten points for this.

Three questions on royal spouses for you, Queen's.

Described by Churchill as "disposed by remarkable appetite and thirst for all the pleasures of the table",

George of Denmark was the husband of which British monarch?

Queen Anne. Correct.

After his marriage to a British monarch,

who was married successively to Elizabeth of Valoire and to Anna of Austria?

Pass.

Phillip II of Spain.

Finally, which future monarch married Lord Guildford Dudley

the year before they were both executed at the Tower of London?

Mary, Queen of Scots. No, it was Lady Jane Grey. Ten points for this.

In his office at Princeton University,

Albert Einstein displayed portraits of Faraday, Newton and which Scottish scientist

Which German scientist gives his name to the principle

that one cannot simultaneously know the exact momentum and position of a particle?

Heisenberg. Correct.

Which Austrian scientist gives his name to the principle

whose consequence is that no two electrons in a molecule can be in the same quantum state?

Pauli. Correct. Which Austrian scientist conjected the possibility

of a cat that was simultaneously dead and alive?

Schrodinger. Correct. Ten points for this.

In compound nouns, which seven-letter gerund

may follow words including frequency, bed, channel, bar and island?

Alone, the same word may refer to the use of a traditional flavouring agent in beer.

Hopping. Hopping is correct, yes.

Right, Queen's. These bonuses are on West Africa.

Nominate Green. Senegal.

No, the Republic of Guinea.

Secondly, which two major rivers flow north-west from the Fouta Djallon

and give their names to neighbouring countries on the West African coast?

No, we don't know. Senegal and Gambia is the answer.

Which river rises in the Guinea Highlands

and flows north-east through Mali before entering the country to which it gives its name?

Nominate Green. Niger.

Niger is correct, yes. Ten points for this.

A decision by the International Hydrographic Organisation in 2000

delimited a fifth world ocean with the unique distinction of being a large circum-polar body of water...

South Sea. South... No. You lose five points.

What is the fourth and last?

Gotterdammerung. Correct.

Secondly, published from 1957, Justine, Balthazar, Mountolive and Clea

form a tetralogy by Lawrence Durrell named after which Mediterranean city?

Naples. No, it's Alexandria. The Alexandria Quartet.

And finally, the four Shakespeare plays sometimes known as the major tetralogy

begin with the tragedy of which king who ruled from 1377?

Come along, then, please.

Puccini, Turandot. Correct.

Nessun Dorma is almost synonymous with the 1990 FIFA World Cup.

For your bonuses, you'll hear three other pieces of classical music

used for TV coverage of football tournaments.

In each case, I want the tournament and the year in which the music was used.

Firstly for five.

MUSIC: Peter and the Wolf by Prokofiev

Euro 2012.

Spot on. Well done. It was from Peter and the Wolf, of course.

Secondly.

MUSIC: Pavane by Gabriel Faure

1998 World Cup.

Yes, it was Faure's Pavane. And finally...

2004, Holland and Belgium.

No. Bad luck. It was Euro 2008. But well done otherwise.

Queen of the Night Aria from The Magic Flute.

Ten points for this. The name of which composite nuclear particle containing six quarks

forms the first eight letters of a book of the Old Testament?

Deuteronomy. No. Anyone want to buzz from Downing?

Deuteron. Deuteron is correct, yes.

Deuteronomy was the book in the Old Testament.

Your bonuses, Downing College, are on mathematics.

Given the mathematical function F,

what name is given to the function whose composition with F equals the identity function?

X to the third, minus one.

No, it's the cube root of Y minus one.

Finally, written as a function of Y,

what is the inverse of the function Y equals E to the power X?

LN of Y.

That's correct. The natural logarithm of Y.

Ten points for this. On 25 December 1991

who resigned as president of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

at the same time that this polity was dissolved?

Gorbachev. Mikhail Gorbachev is right.

Queen's, these bonuses are on pairs of proper names

that differ only by the addition of the letter B as the initial letter.

For example, Radley and Bradley.

In each case, give both words from the explanations.

Firstly, female character in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night

Nominate. Oise and Boise. Oise and Boise, yes.

And finally, eponymous land in a novel by L.Frank Baum

and early pen-name of Charles Dickens.

Oz and Boz. Oz and Boz is right. Ten points for this.

Formed at Netscape in 1998 as an open source project,

which global non-profit organisation

created the Firefox web browser?

Mozilla. Mozilla is right.

A set of bonuses on battles for you now, Queen's University.

Now in the German state of Saxony, which city gives its name to the Battle of the Nations of 1813?

One of the largest battles before the First World War, it ended in defeat for Napoleon.

The war in Indo-China was decided by which battle

when the Vietminh under General Giap used bicycles to carry supplies

and surround the French positions which were overrun in May 1954?

Hanoi. No, it was Dien Bien Phu. Ten points for this.

Give the name of the chemical element

that has the same symbol as that of the SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature.

Oh, no, it's not.

Sorry, if you buzz, you must answer. Queen's?

Potassium. Potassium is correct.

K for Kelvin.

These bonuses are on the Orwell prize for political writing.

Which Scottish author won the first Orwell prize for journalism in 1994?

No, it's Neal Ascherson. Bad luck.

Which former Lord Chief Justice won the 2011 Book Prize for The Rule of Law,

the award being made posthumously?

We don't know. That was Tom, Lord Bingham of Cornhill.

Writing anonymously, Richard Horton won the first Orwell Prize for Blogging in 2009

with Night Jack, dealing with which profession?

The police service. Correct, he was a policeman.

For your picture starter in this second picture round,

you're going to see a sculpture in an outdoor setting.

For ten points, simply name the sculptor.

Gormley. Anthony Gormley is correct. One Other.

That can be seen at the Yorkshire Sculpture Park in Wakefield.

For your picture bonus questions, here are three more artworks

that have been on display at the Yorkshire Sculpture Park.

Nominate Phillips. Brancusi.

No, that's Anthony Caro's Promenade.

And finally.

LeWitt. No, that's Barbara Hepworth's Family of Man.

Ten points for this. Coach, biro and goulash are among English words

that derive ultimately from...

Hungarian. Hungarian is correct, yes.

Three questions for your bonuses on optics.

In optics, what two-word term is used to denote the failure of rays

from a point object on the optic axis of a lens

to converge to a point image?

Or chromatic aberration. Chromatic aberration I'll accept.

Finally, which colour of the visible spectrum of light

has the largest refracted indexing glass?

Violet. Violet is right, yes.

Ten points for this.

Riefler, Von Sterneck, Compensated, Torsion and Foucault are varieties...

Pendulum. Correct.

These bonuses are on physical geography, Downing College.

On a weather map, an isohel connects points having equal levels of what?

Sunlight. Yes, solar radiation.

On the same class of map, what points are connected by an isohyet?

Come on. Snow.

It's equal wind speed. About three minutes 45 to go. Ten points for this.

Of which operatic title character did Maria Callas say,

"She is more like a man than a woman. The role doesn't interest me. It's against my principles."

Carmen. Carmen is correct, yes.

These bonuses are on palindromic years. For example, 1991 or 2002.

In which palindromic year BC did the surrender of Athens bring the Peloponnesian War to an end?

404. Correct.

In which year did King Alfred the Great defeat the Danes at the Battle of Edington?

the wife of King Charles II?

Nominate Cobain. 1661. Correct.

Ten points for this. Which two-digit number follows GB, IQ and 19

to give the titles of novels by David Peace, Haruki Murakami...

84. 84 is correct.

Your bonuses, Downing College, are on pharmacology.

Many drugs are purified or modified versions of chemicals originally extracted from plants.

In each case, give the plant source of the following drugs.

Firstly, the anticholinergic drug Atropine.

Pass. It's from deadly nightshade or Belladonna.

The anti-inflammatory drug Colchicine.

Ace. Ace is correct, yes.

Your bonuses, Downing College, are on novels first published in 1928.

Name the author of each of the following.

First, for five points, Last Post,

the final novel of the Parade's End sequence?

Virginia Woolf. No, that's Ford Madox Ford.

Second, The Well of Loneliness.

Virginia Woolf. No, that was Radclyffe Hall.

And finally, Decline and Fall.

Virginia Woolf. No, that was Evelyn Waugh.

Ten points for this. Identify the poet who wrote these lines.

"The mind is its own place and in itself can make a heaven of hell, a hell of heaven."

John Milton. Correct.

These bonuses, Downing College, are on European capitals.

which city is on the river Dnieper?

Riga. No, it's Kiev.

Finally, which city became the capital of a newly-independent country in 1918

and lies on both sides of the River Vltava?

Warsaw. No, it's Prague. Ten points for this.

Which ancient Greek philosopher's doctrine that "All animate beings are of the same family"

led to his becoming associated with vegetarianism?

Empedocles. GONG

No, it was Pythagoras.

At the gong, Downing College have 135.

Queen's University Belfast have 210.

But until then, it's goodbye from Downing College Cambridge. Bye.

It's goodbye from Queen's University Belfast. Bye!

And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

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