Episode 3 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge.

Asking the questions... Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Residents of two of the most beautiful sets of buildings in England face each other tonight.

Both tonight's colleges were founded during the reign of Henry VIII.

Trinity College, Cambridge, was established in 1546

and is one of the university's largest colleges,

with well over 1,000 students.

Its list of alumni includes some particularly fine minds -

among them, Francis Bacon, Andrew Marvell, John Dryden and Isaac Newton.

The poet Byron, who reputedly kept a tame bear in his room

during his time as a student, claimed the life at the college was one of eternal parties,

his companions being jockeys, gamblers, boxers, authors, parsons

and poets.

Despite such giddiness, the college has been series champion twice in the past, in 1974 and 1995.

On the latter occasion, the team included Kwasi Kwarteng,

now the MP for Spelthorne in Surrey.

Aiming to take the title for the third time,

and with an average age of 20,

let's meet the Trinity team.

Hi. I'm Matthew Ridley.

I'm from Northumberland and I'm studying economics.

Hi. I'm Filip Drnovsek Zorko.

I'm from Slovenia and I'm studying natural sciences.

-Their captain.

-Hello. I'm Ralph Morley. I'm from Ashford in Kent

and I'm studying for a degree in classics.

Hello. I'm Richard Freeland.

I'm from Glamorgan and I'm reading mathematics.

APPLAUSE

Christ Church, Oxford, last won the trophy in 2008.

It was founded by Cardinal Wolsey in 1524, when it was known as Cardinal's College.

And when he fell from power five years later, it became the property of Henry VIII.

Christopher Wren was a student there and later had a hand in its architecture,

designing the famous Tom Tower,

which overlooks the largest quadrangle in Oxford.

Lewis Carroll was a student and teacher there

and it's where he first encountered Alice Liddell.

More recently, it's provided locations for the Harry Potter films

and its Great Hall was the model for the hall at Hogwarts.

So let's meet the four selected by the sorting hat to play on behalf of nearly 700 students.

I'm George Greenwood. I'm studying politics, philosophy and economics

and I'm from Exeter.

Hi. I'm Andreas Capstack. I'm originally from Belgium

and I'm also studying philosophy, politics and economics.

-And their captain.

-Hi. I'm Ewan Macaulay. I'm from Hong Kong

and I'm reading chemistry.

Hi. I'm Phil Ostrowski.

I'm from Poland and I'm studying cardiovascular medicine.

APPLAUSE

You all know the rules, so let's crack on with it.

Fingers on the buzzers. Here's your first starter for ten.

What given name links the third son of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark,

the fifth son of George V and Queen Mary

and the fifth son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine?

-Trinity, Morley.

-John.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

The first set of bonuses, Trinity College, are on a Greek philosopher.

Epictetus, born in Phrygia around AD55

is a philosopher associated with which broad school of philosophy?

-Stoicism, I think.

-Stoicism.

-Correct.

The discourses of Epictetus were compiled in writing by his pupil, Arrian,

a historian best known for his biography of which ancient ruler?

Alexander the Great, I think.

-Alexander the Great.

-Correct.

Epictetus was an influence on the philosophy of which Roman emperor,

who quotes him repeatedly in his meditations?

Marcus Aurelius.

-Marcus Aurelius.

-Correct.

Ten points for this.

What five-letter term

denotes both a colourless, volatile liquid

and a substance that was once thought to fill the universe...?

Trinity, Drnovsek Zorko.

-Ether.

-Correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Second set of bonuses for you, Trinity.

Shared surnames. In each case, I want the surname shared by the following pairs of people.

Firstly, a religious reformer, born 1624, the founder of the Society Of Friends, or Quakers

and the winner of the gold medal in the men's 100-metre backstroke at the London 2012 Paralympics.

THEY CONFER

-Fox.

-Correct.

Secondly, the Welsh poet, born 1871, who wrote The Autobiography Of A Super-Tramp

and the winner of the gold medal in the men's discus

at the 2012 Paralympics.

THEY CONFER

Might be Davies.

-Davies.

-Correct.

WH and Aled. Finally, the director of Picnic At Hanging Rock and Gallipoli,

and the winner of the men's 800, 1,500 and 5,000 metres

as well as the marathon at the 2012 Paralympics.

-Weir, wasn't it? Peter Weir.

-Yes.

Peter Weir.

Weir is all I wanted.

Peter and David.

Ten points for this.

Introduced by the US sociologists George Kelling and James Wilson in 1982,

which sociological theory holds that the vandalism of a few...?

-Trinity, Ridley.

-Broken windows theory?

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

First set of bonuses for you. They're on diagrams in physics.

Originally believing it to represent possible evolutionary paths,

the astronomer Edwin Hubble

developed his tuning fork diagram in 1926

to plot the morphological varieties of what objects?

THEY CONFER

Stars?

-Stars?

-No, it's galaxies.

Born 1864,

which German mathematician gives his name to a diagram that plots space along one axis

and time along the other?

THEY CONFER

-Lorenz?

-No, it's Minkowski.

And along with Henry Norris Russell, which Danish scientist

gives his name to a diagram that plots stellar type by luminosity and temperature?

-Hertzsprung.

-Hertzsprung is correct. Ten points for this.

"He lived a brief, passionate, unhappy life,

"he wrote magnificent poetry

"and he introduced a new word for kiss into the European languages."

These words of the classicist Gilbert Highet refer to which Roman poet?

-Trinity, Morley.

-Catullus.

Catullus is correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on film directors and opera.

Noted for his 1975 film of The Magic Flute,

which Swedish director staged The Threepenny Opera and The Merry Widow early in his theatrical career?

Can we name a Swedish director who ISN'T Bergman?

-Bergman?

-Correct.

His films including The English Patient and Cold Mountain,

which director produced Madam Butterfly for the English National Opera in 2005?

I went to see it as well!

I should know this.

English Patient...um...

-Is it Minghella?

-It might be.

-Anthony Minghella.

-Correct.

Noted for his MTV-style treatment of Romeo And Juliet,

which Australian film-maker produced a version of La Boheme on Broadway in 2002?

-Baz Luhrmann, I think that is.

-OK.

-Baz Luhrmann.

-Correct.

Picture round now.

For your picture starter, you'll see a map showing four places

whose names share a common suffix.

For ten points, I simply want the two-syllable suffix.

Christ Church, Macaulay.

-Hampton.

-Hampton is correct.

Southampton, Northampton, Littlehampton, Wolverhampton.

Your picture bonus is three more maps showing places in the UK

with a suffix in common.

Five points for each suffix you can name. Firstly...

That's Hampshire...

No, that's Hampshire.

Chester, no?

Do you want to try chester?

-Chester?

-No, it's bury.

Banbury, Salisbury, Newbury, Shrewsbury.

Secondly...

Staple?

Barnstaple...

OK, staple?

No, it's ford. Guildford, Hereford, Romford and Bideford.

And finally...

Is that wich?

Yeah, wich...Greenwich...

Wich.

No, it's ness.

Sheerness, Skegness and Inverness.

Ten points for this starter.

In 2012, which newly published novel was described as "relentless socialist manifesto

"masquerading as literature and perhaps more accurately likened

"to an episode of Postman Pat written by the makers of The League Of Gentlemen?"

Set in the fictional village of Pagford...

Trinity, Ridley.

-The Casual Vacancy.

-Correct. JK Rowling.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on world languages this time, Trinity College.

According to data from the linguistic service Ethnologue,

ahead of Indonesia, which country has the largest number of indigenous languages of any in the world,

with more than 800?

-Papua New Guinea.

-Correct.

With around 100 indigenous languages in a population of little more than 200,000,

which Pacific Island state is one of the most linguistically diverse in the world?

It was formerly the British-French condominium of the New Hebrides.

-Vanuatu.

-Correct.

Which populous country has the largest number of indigenous languages of any in Africa,

with more than 500?

THEY CONFER

Nigeria?

-Nigeria.

-Correct.

Ten points for this. Lac d'Annecy by Cezanne,

La Loge by Renoir

and Self-Portrait With A Bandaged Ear by Van Gogh

are paintings in the collection of which gallery,

named after its co-founder, the chairman of a textiles firm?

It's located in Somerset House in London...

-Trinity, Morley.

-The Courtauld Institute.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses, Trinity College, are on an English painter.

A favourite painter of Queen Victoria,

which artist is noted for sentimental representations of animals,

including The Old Shepherd's Chief Mourner

and Dignity And Impudence?

I feel like I've heard of him before, but something like Burrows, possibly?

He's too early.

Burrows?

No, it's Landseer.

Secondly, depicting polar bears amid an Arctic shipwreck,

Landseer's painting entitled Man Proposes, God Disposes

is thought to have been inspired by a lost expedition of 1845

to discover the Northwest Passage.

Who was its commander?

Sir John Franklin, I think.

-Sir John Franklin.

-Correct.

Satirising the legal profession, Landseer's 1840 work,

Trial By Jury or Laying Down The Law,

depicts what animals in the roles of members of the court?

Rabbits is my first guess. I don't know why!

-Rabbits or pigs?

-Pigs.

-Pigs.

-No, it's various types of dogs. Ten points for this.

Awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913,

the Dutch physicist, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes,

discovered which phenomenon related to the loss of electrical resistance at extremely low temperatures?

-Christ Church, Macaulay.

-Superconductivity.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on geometry, Christ Church.

What term describes a topological space,

each point of which has a neighbourhood homeomorphic

to the interior of a sphere in a Euclidean space of fixed dimension?

Do you know?

-Torus.

-No, it's manifold.

Named after its discoverer, which closed two-dimensional smooth manifold

can be realised in four dimensions as a bottle whose inside and outside coincide?

That's Klein.

-Klein.

-Correct.

If the Klein bottle is cut in half down its length,

two copies of which one-sided surface result,

formed by half-twisting a rectangular length of material and joining the ends?

-A Mobius strip.

-Correct.

Ten points for this.

The Trolley Song

and The Boy Next Door are among songs performed by Judy Garland

in which film of 1944, centred on the impending move by the Smith family

to New York City in the days leading up to the 1904 World's Fair?

I'll tell you. It's Meet Me In St Louis.

At last we've found a chink in your armour. Ten points for this.

The first five Roman emperors were respectively

the great-uncle, uncle and stepfather, son, brother and grandson

of which Roman consul and general who died, possibly of poisoning,

in Syria in AD19?

-Christ Church, Greenwood.

-Crassus.

-One of you buzz from Trinity?

-Trinity, Morley.

-Germanicus.

Germanicus is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on pairs of words that are often confused.

Listen to the definitions and give both words, ensuring that the order of your answers

corresponds to that of the definitions.

All six answers begin with the same letter.

Firstly for five.

Two five-letter words meaning deduce or conclude from evidence

and indicate by hints or suggestion rather than overt reference.

Infer, imply.

-Infer and imply.

-Correct.

Secondly...gradually, subtly or imperceptibly harmful

and likely to rouse resentment.

-Any suggestions?

-No, I don't think so.

-Pass.

It's insidious and invidious.

And finally,

two similar words meaning confined or imprisoned,

usually for preventive or political reasons

and buried in a grave or tomb.

Interned and interred.

-Interned and interred.

-Correct.

We'll do the music round now.

Your music starter - you'll hear a piece of popular music.

Ten points if you can give me the name of the group performing.

PSYCHEDELIC ROCK INTRO

-Trinity, Drnovsek Zorko.

-Pink Floyd.

-It is Pink Floyd.

APPLAUSE

Unusually for rock music, Pink Floyd's Post War Dream

features a harmonium - a keyboard instrument that produces sound by blowing air through reeds.

Four your bonuses, you'll hear three more artists performing songs featuring a harmonium.

For five points each, I simply want the name of the artist or the band.

Firstly, this singer.

HUSKY MALE VOCAL

Tom Waits.

-Tom Waits?

-Waits.

Tom Waits.

Correct.

Secondly, this band.

ETHEREAL MELODY

THEY CONFER

Lyrics! There need to be lyrics, otherwise...

# You sigh low... #

Oh!

Is this Radiohead?

Shall we try that?

Radiohead.

No, that's Sigur Ros.

And finally, this band.

# Cheap sex

# And sad films... #

Hang on...

# Help me get... #

-That could be Radiohead.

-Shall we try that again? Any advance on Radiohead?

-Radiohead, again.

-That's correct.

APPLAUSE

Ten points for this. Answer as soon as your name is called.

How many possible four-member University Challenge teams

can be formed from a group of seven students?

-Trinity, Freeland.

-210.

No. Christ Church?

-Christ Church, Macaulay.

-35.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Bonuses are on deviations in the International Date Line.

The International Date Line bends to the west in the Northern Hemisphere

to ensure that which chain of over 300 volcanic islands

shares a calendar day with Alaska?

-Um...Aleutians.

-Correct.

Hawaii is GMT minus 10 and the Line Islands, 1,000 miles to the south,

are at GMT plus 14.

This is due to the redrawing of the Date Line to circumscribe which island state?

Island state...

What's the furthest west?

It'll be like Panau or something.

-Vanuatu?

-They've already had Vanuatu as an answer.

Um, yeah...Panau...

Oh, it'll be Marshall Islands.

-Marshall Islands.

-No, Kiribati.

And finally, the International Date Line deviates to the east through which strait

in order to avoid dividing Siberia into time zones of different calendar days?

That'll be the Bering Strait.

-Bering Strait.

-Correct.

Ten points for this. What part of speech or lexical category

links a horror novel of 1986 by Stephen King,

a dystopian novel of 1921 by Yevgeny Zamyatin...?

-Trinity, Drnovsek Zorko.

-Pronoun.

Personal pronoun is correct - We, It and She.

So you get a set of bonuses, Trinity College, on optical devices.

Firstly, for five points, in an astronomical refracting telescope,

where's the final image formed?

No idea!

The something plane...the...

The image plane.

-The image plane.

-No, it's at infinity.

In an astronomical telescope with an objective focal length of 90 centimetres

and an eyepiece focal length of ten centimetres,

what's the magnification?

THEY CONFER

Either times nine or times one.

I think probably times nine.

-Times nine.

-Nine is correct.

In optical devices, what name, taken from a 19th century Italian inventor

is given to a set of totally internally reflecting prisms,

used to change the orientation of an image, but not its magnification?

The tactic here is, 19th century Italian inventors.

Volta?

Volta.

No, it's Porro. Porro prisms.

Ten points for this.

Leoneg, Tregerieg and Gwenedeg

are among varieties of which Western European language?

Lacking official or regional status, it's closely related to Cornish.

-Trinity, Morley.

-Breton.

Breton is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on films whose titles contain a word from the NATO spelling alphabet.

For example, The Delta Force or Golf Punks.

In each case, name the film from the description.

A 1972 drama, starring Marlon Brando and Maria Schneider,

set in a major European capital.

THEY CONFER

Oh, Last Tango In Paris?

-Last Tango In Paris?

-Correct.

A 1965 science fiction film,

directed by Jean-Luc Godard and starring Eddie Constantine as Lemmy Caution.

OK, this is French science fiction, which I can't do!

Um...um...

Films by Godard that aren't Breathless...?

Make up a name!

-Let's have it, please.

-Zulu.

LAUGHTER

Interesting answer. No, it's Alphaville.

And finally, a 1949 Ealing comedy

about the aftermath of a shipwreck in the Hebrides.

Whisky Galore, isn't it?

-Whisky Galore.

-Correct.

Ten points for this. In chemistry,

what would be the colour of a phenolphthalein solution

at a pH of above 9.6?

-Christ Church, Macaulay.

-Pink.

Pink is correct, yes.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses, Christ Church, are on physics.

What precise term is used to describe a wave

where the particles of the medium oscillate at right angles

to the direction of propagation of the wave?

That's transverse.

-Transverse.

-Correct.

What term is used when the oscillation is in the same direction

as the propagation of the wave, such as happens in a gas?

-Longitudinal.

-Correct.

And finally, the average power transmitted by a sinusoidal wave

is proportional to both the amplitude and frequency, raised to which exponent?

Let's go for the second exponent.

Yeah.

Two.

Yes. The second power.

We'll take a second picture round now. Your picture starter.

You'll see a couple from European legend. For ten points, simply name the couple.

-Christ Church, Macaulay.

-Abelard and Heloise?

Anyone like to buzz from Trinity?

Trinity, Drnovsek Zorko.

-Tristan and Isolde?

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are other representations of historical or legendary lovers.

Five points for each couple you identify.

This couple from Greek and Roman mythology.

THEY CONFER

Meleager and Atalanta, because it's a hunt.

Um, yeah.

-Meleager and Atalanta.

-No, it's Dido and Aeneas.

Secondly, this historical couple.

Could that be Heloise and Abelard?

Maybe it is. It's historical, so...

-Heloise and Abelard.

-Correct.

And finally, this couple of British legend.

THEY CONFER

Arthur and Guinevere.

No, it's Guinevere and Lancelot.

Ten points for this.

Which fictional character

had among his campaign medals the Egypt Medal, the Queen's Sudan Medal

and the 1914 Star?

-The actor playing him...

-Trinity, Morley.

-Lance-Corporal Jones.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses, Trinity, are on Scottish towns whose names contain only four letters.

Name the town in each case.

Firstly, a town in Clackmannanshire, at the foot of Ochil Hills.

It's probably unconnected with the given name of the inventor of the phonograph.

Phonograph is Edison, isn't it?

Thomas...

Alva.

-Alva.

-Possibly, yeah.

-Alva.

-Correct.

A town in Berwickshire close to the English border,

probably the birthplace of the scholastic author John the Scot.

-Duns, because he's...

-Go for it.

-Duns.

-Correct.

A sea port in Argyllshire,

the terminus of a railway from Glasgow

and of ferries to Mull, Colonsay and the Western Isles.

Oban, I think.

-Oban.

-Oban is correct.

Four and a half minutes to go. Ten points for this.

Used in bronzing

and in preparing imitation gold leaf,

Dutch metal is an alloy consisting largely of copper

with which other metal?

-Trinity, Drnovsek Zorko.

-Zinc.

Zinc is correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on science and the arts in the 18th century.

In each case, give the decade that links the following.

First, the publication of both Swift's Tale Of A Tub

and Newton's Opticks.

17...

He died in '27, so...

10.

-1710s.

-No, it's the 1700s.

Anders Celsius's invention of the Centigrade scale,

the publication of Henry Fielding's Tom Jones

and the first performance of Handel's Messiah.

THEY CONFER

Tom Jones was either 1741 or '51, so...

'40s?

I think '40s as well. I don't know why.

-1740s.

-Correct.

Finally, Lavoisier identified silicon, Sir William Herschel discovered Uranus

and Mozart's Marriage Of Figaro premiered in which decade?

-'80s, yeah.

-1780s.

Correct. Ten points for this.

What two colours link the flags of Shetland, Somalia, Martinique...?

-Christ Church, Macaulay.

-Blue and white.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses are on words that end with the letter X.

In each case, give the word from the definition.

For the Greek for coal, an infectious bacterial disease

that afflicts grazing animals and can be transmitted to humans.

-Anthrax.

-Correct.

In geometry, each angular point of a polygon or polyhedron.

-Vertex.

-Correct.

The brightest star of the constellation Gemini.

-Pollux.

-Pollux.

-Correct.

Ten points for this.

By 2015, which two large asteroids will have been studied by Dawn,

a robotic NASA spacecraft launched in 2007?

Trinity, Freeland.

Ceres and Pallas.

No. Anyone want to buzz from Christ Church?

Christ Church, Macaulay.

-Ceres and Vesta.

-Correct.

You get a set of bonuses this time on cell biology.

What mononuclear cells are responsible for bone formation?

THEY CONFER

-Nominate Ostrowski.

-Osteoblasts.

-Correct.

What term denotes the large multi-nuclear cells responsible for bone resorption?

Nominate Ostrowski.

-Osteoclasts.

-Correct.

Finally, what term denotes amoeboid cells with histamine, serotonin and heparin granules

that have an important role in allergy and anaphylaxis?

Nominate Ostrowski.

-Mast cells.

-Correct.

Ten points for this. Two minutes to go.

What's the fourth largest island

of the Greater Antilles, after Cuba, Hispaniola and Jamaica?

-Christ Church, Greenwood.

-Would that be Grenada?

No, Trinity College, one of you buzz?

Quickly.

-Trinity, Morley.

-St Lucia.

No, it's Puerto Rico.

Ten points for this. What name is given to the large square cushion covered in red cloth

that acts as the seat of the Lord Speaker in the House of Lords?

-Christ Church,, Macaulay.

-Woolsack?

-Correct.

These bonuses are on music.

What precise term describes musical notes that are identical in pitch,

but written differently depending on the key in which they occur,

such as F sharp and G flat?

-Enharmonic.

-Correct.

Known as the Devil in music, and regarded as difficult to sing,

what musical interval was avoided in medieval times

and has frequently been used in compositions to suggest evil?

-Tritone.

-Correct.

The interval corresponding to a frequency ratio

between two tones of three to two is also known as what?

THEY CONFER

Quickly.

-A fifth?

-Correct.

Ten points for this. Meditation On The Nature Of Love -

which of the Romantic poets was the author in 1821

of the poem Epipsychidion?

Trinity, Drnovsek Zorko.

-Shelley.

-Shelley is correct.

These bonuses are on surnames, all of which begin with the same three letters.

In each case, name the person from the description.

A French mathematician, born 1588, who gives his name to prime numbers

that have the form two to the power n-1.

For example, 31, where n is 5.

-Nominate Freeland.

-Mersenne.

-Correct.

An Indian film producer, noted for The Remains Of The Day, Howard's End and The Bostonians.

Merchant, isn't it?

-Could be.

-Merchant.

Correct. A Flemish cartographer, born 1512, who introduced the term "atlas"

and the map projection that bears his name.

-Mercator.

-Correct.

Ten points for this. In internet usage,

for what do the letters FTP stand?

-Trinity, Drnovsek Zorko.

-File transfer protocol.

-GONG

-Correct.

And at the gong,

Christ Church, Oxford, have 150.

Trinity College, Cambridge, have 300.

APPLAUSE

Well, although they had twice your score, you were a very strong team.

They were just very, very quick on the buzzer.

But I think you might well come back as one of the highest-scoring losing teams with 150.

We just have to wait and see. But thank you very much for joining us.

Trinity, that was a fantastic performance. We look forward to seeing you in round two,

and who knows what after that. Thank you for joining us.

I hope you can join us next time for another first-round match.

-Until then, it's goodbye from Christ Church, Oxford...

-Bye.

-..it's goodbye from Trinity College, Cambridge...

-Bye!

-..and it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.

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