Episode 30 University Challenge

APPLAUSE

University Challenge. Asking the questions - Jeremy Paxman.

Hello. Last time, we saw Trinity College, Cambridge,

become the first team to take a place in the semifinals

of this contest, having won the necessary two quarterfinal matches.

Tonight's teams both lost their first quarterfinals,

so whichever team loses tonight

will also make an exit from the competition, while the winners

will have earned themselves one final chance to qualify.

Manchester University had victories against Brasenose College, Oxford

and Queens' College, Cambridge in the first two rounds,

and then, despite a strong start,

lost to Trinity College, Cambridge in their first quarterfinal.

So they must win tonight to stay in the competition.

Let's meet the Manchester team again.

Hi, my name's Edward Woudhuysen. I'm from London and I'm studying history.

Hi, I'm Joe Day. I'm from Bideford in Devon

and I'm studying physics with astrophysics.

-And this is their captain.

-Hi, I'm Elizabeth Mitchell.

I'm from Birmingham and I'm studying politics, philosophy and economics.

Hello, I'm Jonathan Collings.

I'm from Manchester and I'm studying geography.

APPLAUSE

Now, Cardiff University breezed through their matches

against Exeter in round one and then Liverpool in the second round.

However, they came a cropper in their first quarterfinal against

the School of Oriental and African Studies, losing by 200 points to 90.

So they also need a win tonight to stay in contention.

Let's meet them again.

Hi, I'm Leri Evans, originally from Pembrokeshire,

and I'm studying mathematics.

Hi, I'm Sara Caputo from Torino in Italy, and I'm studying history.

Let's hear their captain introduce himself.

Hello, I'm Roderick Lawford, originally from Barking in Essex,

and I'm studying for a Masters in music, culture and politics.

Noswaith dda. I'm Tom Parry-Jones

from St Asaph in Denbighshire, North Wales,

and I'm reading journalism, media and cultural studies.

APPLAUSE

Let's waste no time reciting the rules. Let's just get on with it.

Fingers on the buzzers. Here's your first starter for ten.

The fibre of the Gomuti Palm, what bargain hunters enjoy,

a fist, to govern, and what this puzzle is,

were among the clues given in the 21st of December 1913 issue of

the New York World, in the world's first known published example...

-The crossword.

-Of crossword puzzles, yes.

APPLAUSE

First set of bonuses to you, then, Manchester. These are on history.

Five points apiece.

Writing in the New Science in 1725, which Italian political philosopher

and historian claimed that all civilisations pass through three stages,

the ages of the gods, heroes and, finally, men?

-(Spinoza?

-I was thinking Spinoza, but is he a bit late for that?)

Spinoza?

No, it's Vico.

Secondly, in The Life Of Reason in 1905,

the philosopher George Santayana

wrote that "those who cannot remember the past are condemned to..." do what?

-(Repeat it.

-Repeat it.)

-Repeat it.

Correct. "History gets thicker as it approaches recent times."

These are the words of which historian in the 1965 work,

English History, 1914-45?

-(AJP Taylor?

-Trevelyan, maybe?

-Who?

-GM Trevelyan.

(Could be Trevelyan. Try Trevelyan.)

Trevelyan?

No, it's AJP Taylor. Ten points for this.

Which year saw the birth of Marilyn Monroe,

the death of Rudolph Valentino,

the publication of Fowler's Modern English Usage

and from May the 4th to the 13th, the United Kingdom general strike?

1926.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

Your bonuses are on the year 1599.

Firstly, which poet died in London in 1599?

His best-known work is an allegorical romance intended

to glorify Queen Elizabeth the first.

-(Spenser.)

-Spenser.

Correct. Who was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in 1599?

He concluded a truce with the Earl of Tyrone,

and, defying the Queen's orders, returned to England later that year.

(Essex, maybe? Or Leicester, maybe?)

INAUDIBLE

(Leicester?

-(Maybe Essex or Leicester, I'm not sure.

-Earl of Leicester?)

Earl of Leicester?

No, it was the Earl of Essex, bad luck.

Born in Huntingdon in 1599, which political figure did

John Milton describe as "our chief of men"?

Oliver Cromwell.

Correct. Ten points for this.

Meanings of what five-letter word include a sphere of activity or influence,

the bony cavity of the skull containing the eye...?

Orbit.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

These bonuses, Manchester, are on particle physics.

In the standard model of particle physics, nuclear and electromagnetic forces

are carried by particles called gauge bosons.

The only gauge bosons to have electric charge

are designated by what letter?

-(W.)

-W.

Correct. The remaining particles are fermions,

ranked in three generations. The second generation of fermions

comprises the muon muon neutrino and which two types of quark?

(It's the...strange and charm.)

Strange and charm.

Correct. What general name is given to fermions that are not quarks?

(Erm... Leptons.)

Leptons.

Correct. 10 points for this.

The projects of which architect include

Kansai International Airport Terminal in Osaka,

the redevelopment of areas of the Potsdamer Platz in Berlin,

the Pompidou Centre, jointly with Richard Rogers,

and The Shard in London?

Is it Renzo Piano?

It is indeed.

APPLAUSE

Manchester, these bonuses are on contemporary ballet.

First produced in 2002, Matthew Bourne's ballet,

Play Without Words, made its Sadler's Wells debut in 2012

and was inspired by which film directed in 1963

by Joseph Losey and starring Dirk Bogarde?

(Oh... Is it Victim? The one about homosexual blackmail?)

Victim.

No, it's The Servant.

In 2012, the Royal Opera House staged which ballet

originally choreographed in 1957 with a score by Benjamin Britten?

It tells of Princess Epine, who turns her sister's suitor into a salamander.

-(No idea.

-Sorry, don't know.)

-We don't know, sorry.

-It's the Prince Of The Pagodas.

And finally, for five points, revived at Sadler's Wells in 2012

after its debut there the previous year, the ballet

The Most Incredible Thing, a modern fairy tale

based on a Hans Christian Andersen story, was written by which duo?

-(Brothers Grimm?

-Absolutely no idea.

-Any idea?)

We don't know, sorry.

It was written by Neil Tennant and Chris Lowe, the Pet Shop Boys.

Right, we'll take a picture round now.

You'll see a flag of an African country.

To get ten points, you just have to name the country.

-Ethiopia.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

It's often cited as the inspiration for the colours

of the Pan-African Movement, that is, green, yellow and red.

For your bonuses, three flags of West African countries

that contain those colours.

Five points for each you can name.

Firstly:

(That is... Is that Burkina Faso?

-(Don't know.

-Cape Verde?

-It's not Cape Verde.

-I'll go with yours.

(It's either Burkina Faso or Benin. Go for Burkina Faso.)

Burkina Faso?

It is Burkina Faso, yes.

Secondly:

-(That is...

-Togo?

(No, I think... Is that Chad?

-(I think it might be Togo.

-I don't know. No.

(That might be Benin.

-(Benin, maybe?

-Benin?

-Benin?)

Benin.

Correct. And finally:

-(That's Ghana. Yeah.

-Ghana?)

-Ghana.

-Correct.

APPLAUSE

Ten points for this.

Which two letters begin words meaning

order of reptiles that comprises snakes and lizards...

H.E.?

No, you lose five points.

..Edible gourd, ten-limbed fast-swimming cephalopod,

and agile rodent whose name derives ultimately

from the Greek for "shade tail"?

O.P.?

No, it's SQ, as in Squamata, squash, squid and squirrel.

Ten points for this. Listen carefully.

Give both answers promptly when your name is called.

In which two non-adjacent English counties are

the local government districts of Broadland, Breckland, Copeland and South Lakeland?

Norfolk and Cumbria.

Correct.

APPLAUSE

Manchester, these bonuses are on French sporting terms.

In fencing, what French word meaning "arrow" denotes

a leaping attack designed to catch an opponent off guard?

-(Fleche?

-The word for arrow in French is fleche.)

Fleche.

-"Fleche", is that what you were saying?

-Yes.

-Yes, I think so.

OK, that's correct.

In Formula One,

what two-word French term describes the conditions cars are deemed

to be under while in an enclosed and secure area of the paddock

where race officials can make necessary checks?

-(I don't know the French term.

-Solitaire or something? Cordon sanitaire?)

Cordon sanitaire?

No, it's a parc ferme.

And finally, the rider who finishes last in the Tour de France

is accorded what two-word French title referring to

an object at the back of the guard's van of a train?

-(On a train?

-It's going to be, like, the rear lamp,

(but I don't know what that is in French.

-(Dernier something.

-We don't know, do we?)

-We don't know, sorry.

-It's the lanterne rouge.

Ten points for this.

Used to prevent a horse from raising its head too high,

what strap connects the nose band or reins to the girth?

The same word also denotes a gambling system in which

losing stakes are continually doubled in the hope of...

Rollover?

No. You lose five points.

..doubled in the hope of an eventual win?

It's the martingale. Ten points for this.

Who's the author of a work of 1989

which includes an alternative telling of the story of Noah's Ark

and analysis of Gericault's painting The Raft Of The Medusa?

Julian Barnes.

Julian Barnes - History Of The World In 10 And A Half Chapters.

These bonuses, Manchester, are on equestrian monuments.

For five points.

Regarded as the first equestrian statue of the Renaissance,

Gattamelata in Padua is a bronze work by which Florentine sculptor,

born around 1386?

-Come on.

-Michelangelo.

No, he was much later. It was Donatello.

A teacher of Leonardo da Vinci,

which Florentine artist created Venice's equestrian monument

of the mercenary Bartolomeo Colleoni?

Scotto.

No, it's Verrocchio.

Although the statue itself was never completed,

Leonardo created a full-scale clay model of an equestrian monument

of Francesco Sforza, the duke of which city?

Milan.

Indeed it was.

Ten points for this starter question.

Expressed in kiloelectron volts,

electromagnetic radiation at what energy is an indicator of

annihilating electrons and positrons, as seen for example...?

Gamma rays.

No, you lose five points there.

Seen for example in the region near our galactic centre?

Thousand.

No, it's 511keV.

Ten points for this.

A theatre production in Malmo in 1955 of Ingmar Bergman's play

Wood Painting served as the basis for which of his later films

in which a recurring image is a game of chess...?

The Seventh Seal.

Correct.

Your bonuses are on the classification of galaxies, Cardiff.

For five points.

Most large galaxies fall into two broad morphological classes

known by the abbreviations S and E.

For which two terms do these letters stand?

Spiral and elliptical.

Correct. A satellite of the Andromeda spiral galaxy called

Andromeda V is an example of what small dim class of galaxy

abbreviated lowercase d, uppercase S, lowercase ph?

A demispiral.

No, they're Dwarf spheroidal.

Galaxies are often classified by

characteristics other than morphology.

Those denoted by the acronym ULIRG, such as ARP220,

are characterised by luminosity. For what do the letters ULIRG stand?

-Nominate Parry-Jones.

-Oh, no, don't nominate me!

LAUGHTER

I don't know. Universal, Luminosity, something...

No, it's Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy.

Worth it just to see you try, though.

We're going to take our music round now.

For your music starter, you'll hear a piece of popular music.

Ten points if you can name the singer or the group.

WOMAN SINGS IN FRENCH

Blondie.

It is. It was Debbie Harry.

That was her francophone version of Sunday Girl.

For your bonuses, three more singers performing songs in French.

In each case I want the name of the singer, please.

Firstly for five the name of this British singer.

WOMAN SINGS IN FRENCH

I think we need an answer, please.

We don't know.

That was Annie Lennox.

Secondly this Senegalese performer.

MAN SINGS IN FRENCH

Nominate Collings.

Yousef N'Dour.

Yes, Youssou N'Dour. You're right.

And finally this Italian-born singer.

WOMAN SINGS IN FRENCH

Carla Bruni.

It is, and actually quite a good album.

Ten points for this.

Who was the target of an assassination attempt

known as the Infernal Machine or the Plot on the rue Saint-Nicaise

in which a bomb was planted by Bourbon royalists

on Christmas Eve 1800?

Napoleon.

Which one?

The first.

Correct. Bonaparte, yes.

These bonuses, Cardiff, are on interpretation.

Which term for the study of the principles of text interpretation

is believed to derive from the name of the messenger of the Greek gods?

Hermeneutic.

Hermeneutics is right.

In the 1808 work, Elements Of Grammar,

Hermeneutics and Criticism, which German theologian developed

a science of interpretation

that can be applied to any linguistic utterance?

Schelling.

No, it was Friedrich Schleiermacher.

"It is precisely facts that do not exist, only interpretations."

This statement appears in the notebooks

of which German philosopher, born 1844?

Friedrich Nietzsche.

Correct. Ten points for this.

What surname links an 18th-century German literary figure,

the author of Minna von Barnhelm,

with the British Nobel laureate whose works include

The Grass Is Singing and The Golden Notebook?

Lessing.

Correct.

Bonuses this time, Manchester, on the bishopric of Durham.

For five points.

In the late 11th century, Bishop Carileph and his successors

were elevated to what rank, giving them

vice-regal power over the palatinate of Durham?

Prince Bishops.

Correct. Instrumental in the founding of

Durham University in 1832,

who was the last of the Prince Bishops?

A college of the university is named after him.

Van Mildert.

Correct. After Van Mildert's death,

Durham Castle was given over to the university

and the bishop's official residence was moved to a palace

in which market town, southwest of Durham?

Bishop Auckland.

Correct. Ten points for this.

In biochemistry, which essential amino acid contains an indole ring?

It's a precursor of the vitamin niacin

and the neurotransmitter serotonin.

Proline.

No, anyone like to buzz from Cardiff?

Lysine.

No, it's tryptophan. Ten points for this.

Give both answers as soon as your name is called.

What are the two short names of the G20 member states

often known by the abbreviations KSA and RSA?

Saudi Arabia and South Africa.

Correct.

Cardiff, these bonuses are on Swedish scientists.

Which Swedish scientist gives his name to the unit of length

that is one times ten to the minus ten metres?

Angstrom.

Correct.

Born 1859, which Swedish scientist gives his name to a an equation

linking the rate constant of a chemical reaction

to its activation energy?

Boltzmann.

No, it's Arrhenius.

Born 1707, which Swedish scientist brought into general use

the binomial system of classifying plants and animals?

Linnaeus.

Correct.

We're going to take our second picture round.

For your picture starter you'll see a well-known painting.

Ten points if you can give me the name of the flower

included in the title of the painting and the name of the artist.

Irises and Van Gogh.

Correct.

So your picture bonuses are three more works depicting flowers.

For five points,

in each case tell me

the name of the flower which appears in the title and the artist.

Rose and Picasso.

No, it's roses and Paul Klee.

Secondly.

Lilies and Beardsley.

No, it is a lily, but it was by Alphonse Mucha.

And finally.

Tulips and Manet.

Bad luck, it was tulips and Renoir.

And ten points for this.

La Mitrailleuse by CRW Nevinson, The Menin Road by Paul Nash and Gas

by John Singer Sargent are paintings that depict which conflict?

-World War I.

-Correct.

These bonuses, Manchester, are on the ancient world.

From the Greek for amber,

what name is given to the natural or artificial alloy of gold

and silver used to make the first known coins in the western world?

Electrum.

Correct.

It's capital Sardis, which kingdom on the Aegean Sea is associated

with the early development of gold and silver coins?

Its later rulers include Croesus, fable for his great wealth.

Delphi.

No, it's Lydia.

According to Herodotus, which Athenian lawgiver lectured Croesus

on how good fortune rather than wealth was the basis of happiness?

Solon.

Correct. Four and half minutes to go. Ten points for this.

Which US Nobel laureate argues that the exercise of political power

by moneyed interest has created a two-tier society

in his 2012 work The Price Of Inequality?

Krugman.

No. Like to buzz, anyone from Cardiff?

It's Joseph Stiglitz. Ten points for this.

The poet Dante and the theologian Thomas Aquinas were both born

during the reign of which English monarch?

Edward II.

No, Manchester?

John.

No, it's Henry III. Ten points for this.

Stalybridge, Gravesend, Dewsbury and Darlington were among towns

given what right or status by an act of 1867?

Market towns.

No. Cardiff, one of you buzz.

Metropolitan Boroughs.

No, they were parliamentary boroughs.

Ten points for this.

Meaning "separate and distinct",

give the dictionary spelling of the word discrete.

D-I-S-C-R-E-T-E.

Correct.

These bonuses are on pairs of words formed by the addition of

an additional letter S, for example hut and shut.

In each case give both words from the definitions provided.

Firstly for five, hypocritical and sanctimonious talk.

And barely sufficient or adequate.

Cant and scant.

Correct.

Solid figure whose sections include the ellipse and the parabola.

And small lightly sweetened cake typically served with butter.

Cone and scone.

Yep. Finally, the end part of a sleeve.

And mark made by scraping, gazing or rubbing.

Cuff and scuff.

Correct. Ten points for this.

First serialised in 1890, in which novel

does the title character murder the painter Basil Hallward?

Picture Of Dorian Grey.

Correct.

Your bonuses now are on antibacterial agents, Manchester.

The bacterial synthesis of which vitamin

is inhibited by sulphonamides?

Quickly.

Vitamin A.

No, it's vitamin B9, folic acid.

What bacterial process is blocked by aminoglycoside antibiotic

such as streptomycin?

Come on.

Reproduction.

No, it's protein synthesis.

Finally, what structural component of gram positive bacterial cells

is targeted by penicillins and cephalosporins?

Let's have it, please.

Streptococcus.

No, it's cell walls. Ten points for this.

In chemistry, what is the PH of one millimolar hydrochloric acid?

Four.

No. Cardiff, one of you buzz.

Three.

Correct.

Your bonuses, Cardiff, are on language families.

From the Greek for southern islands,

what is the name of the family whose languages include

Malagasy, Filipino, Maori and Hawaiian?

Quickly.

Australasian.

No, it's Austronesian.

To which language family did the South Indian languages of

Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam belong?

Come on.

It's Dravidian.

Finally, Welsh, Bengali, English

and Albanian are among members of which large language family?

Indo-European.

Correct. Ten points for this.

What animal links the crest of football clubs from Dumbarton

and Coventry with the United States Republican...?

Elephant.

Correct. Here are your bonuses on physics.

In atomic physics, what word specifies...

GONG SOUNDS

And at the gong, Cardiff University have 105,

Manchester University have 195.

Well, I'm afraid we're saying goodbye to you, Cardiff,

but you broke 100, it's fine

and going out in the quarterfinals, there's no shame in that.

So thank you very much for playing with us.

Congratulations to you, Manchester. You must play

and win one more match to go through to the semifinals.

I hope you can join us next time for another quarterfinal match.

-But until then it's goodbye from Cardiff University.

-ALL:

-Goodbye.

-It's goodbye from Manchester University.

-ALL:

-Bye.

And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.